Lancashire Constabulary

English territorial police force

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Law enforcement agency

Lancashire Constabulary

Agency overview
Formed| 1839
Jurisdictional structure
Operations jurisdiction| Lancashire, UK
Map of Lancashire Constabulary's jurisdiction
Size| 2,903 square kilometres (1,121 sq mi)
Population| 1,500,000
Constituting instrument|

* Police Act 1996

General nature|

* Local civilian police

Operational structure
Overseen by|

* His Majesty's Inspectorate of Constabulary and Fire & Rescue Services
* Independent Office for Police Conduct

Headquarters| Hutton, near Preston
Police Officers|

* 3,088 (2020)[1]
* 190 special constables (2020)[1]

Police Community Support Officer (PCSO)s| 280 (2020)[1]
Police and Crime Commissioner responsible|

* Clive Grunshaw

Agency executive|

* Sacha Hatchett, Chief Constable

Divisions| 3
Facilities
Stations| 36
Website
www.lancashire.police.uk

Lancashire Constabulary is the territorial police force responsible for policing the ceremonial county of Lancashire in North West England. The force's headquarters are at Hutton, near the city of Preston. As of September 2020[update], the force has 3,088 police officers, 190 special constables, and 280 police community support officers (PCSO), 300 police support volunteers (PSV), and 2,287 staff.[1]

## History

[edit]

After many complaints over a number of years over the crime ridden state of Lancashire, it was decided in 1839 that a combined county police force was required to police the county. In the same year the force was founded and Captain John Woodford was made chief constable with two assistant chief constables, 14 superintendents and 660 constables.[citation needed]

Over the next 50 years, the police force saw many changes including the introduction of the police helmet and, during the 1860s, the force lost its first officer, PC Jump, who died after being shot by a group of men that he and a colleague were searching. By the end of the century the force had developed a detective department who were allowed to wear plain clothes. The first detective appointed was John Wallbank.[citation needed]

In 1917, the force first allowed female officers although it was only in the 1950s that they were allowed uniforms, and not until the 1970s were they paid at the same rate as their male counterparts. In 1948 the force's dog section was established with many differing breeds being used, but by the 1950s it was established that the German shepherd was the most suitable.[citation needed]

In 1965, the force had an establishment of 3,784 officers and an actual strength of 3,454, making it the second largest police force (after the Metropolitan Police) and the largest county force in Great Britain.[2][full citation needed]

The force then went through major changes in the 1970s, when the force was reduced to cover the new re-bordered Lancashire with the other areas coming under the jurisdiction of Cumbria Constabulary, Greater Manchester Police and Merseyside Police.[citation needed]

On 10 October 2007, the Home Office announced that Lancashire Constabulary had ranked joint first, with Surrey, out of 43 forces by Her Majesty's Inspectorate of Constabularies. All 43 police forces were assessed on seven areas - tackling crime, serious crime, protecting vulnerable people, satisfaction, neighbourhood policing, local priorities and resources and efficiency.[citation needed]

### Proposed merger

[edit]

Under proposals made by the home secretary on 6 February 2006, it was to be merged with Cumbria Constabulary. These were accepted by both forces on 26 February, and the merger would have taken place on 1 April 2007.[3] However, in July 2006, both Cumbria and Lancashire constabularies decided not to proceed with the merger because the government failed to remedy issues with the council tax precept which left both forces unable to proceed.[citation needed]

### Chief constables

[edit]

* 1839–1856: John Woodford
* 1859–1868: William P. Elgee
* 1868–1876: Colonel Robert Bruce
* 1877–1880: Charles Legge
* 1880–1909: Henry Martin Moorsom
* ?–1912: Charles Villiers Ibbetson
* 1912–1927: Sir Philip Lane
* 1927–1935: Wilfred Trubshaw
* 1935–1950: Archibald Frederick Hordern
* 1950–1967: Sir Eric St Johnston (Chief Inspector of Constabulary, 1967–1970)
* 1967–1972: William Palfrey
* ?1972–1977: Stanley Parr (dismissed for disreputable conduct)
* 1978–?1983: Albert Laugharne
* 1983–1995: Robert Brian Johnson
* 1995–2002: Pauline Clare
* 2002–2005: Paul Stephenson
* 2005–2017: Stephen Finnigan
* 2017–2021: Andy Rhodes
* 2021–2024: Chris Rowley
* 2024–present: Sacha Hatchett[4]

### Officers killed in the line of duty

[edit]

See also: List of British police officers killed in the line of duty

The Police Roll of Honour Trust and Police Memorial Trust list and commemorate all British police officers killed in the line of duty. Since its establishment in 1984, the Police Memorial Trust has erected 50 memorials nationally to some of those officers.

The following officers of Lancashire Constabulary are listed by the trust as having died attempting to prevent, stop or solve a crime:[5]

* PC Peter Burnett, 1990 (collapsed and died attempting to disperse rioters)
* PC Ian Wain Woodward, 1987 (shot dead)
* Acting Sergeant Walter Lacey, 1978 (collapsed and died attempting to arrest a suspect)
* Superintendent Gerry Richardson, 1971 (shot dead attempting to arrest a gunman who had shot a fellow officer; posthumously awarded the George Cross)
* PC Ernest Southern, 1962 (collapsed and died attending a street affray)
* Detective Inspector James O'Donnell, 1958 (shot dead attempting to arrest a gunman who had shot two others; posthumously awarded the Queen's Police Medal)
* PC Sydney Arthur Tysoe, 1949 (died from injuries sustained during an arrest in 1940)
* War Reserve Constable John Towers, 1943 (died from injuries sustained in an assault)
* PC Stewart Mungo Whillis, 1907 (died from injuries sustained in an assault in 1901)
* PC Nicholas Cock, 1876 (fatally shot arresting armed burglars)
* PC William Jump, 1862 (shot dead attempting to arrest an armed gang)

### Lancashire Police Museum

[edit]

Located in Lancaster Castle, in the former site of HMP Lancaster, Lancashire Police Museum is free to enter with sixteen galleries, each in former prison cells. Exhibits include police uniforms, radios, handcuffs, saddles and other evocative objects.[6]

## Divisions and collaborations

[edit]

The force is split into three geographical divisions, and a number of specialist units are based within force HQ at Hutton. The split is approximate, and divisions are deliberately vague, giving a seamless approach to policing in the Lancashire area. The geographical divisions and their headquarters are as follows:

* West – The divisional headquarters is located in Blackpool, it was opened in 2018 after £24 million was invested in the new building.[7] Fylde officers are based in Kirkham with support from Blackpool. The northern parts of the division are Lancaster, Morecambe, Heysham and the Wyre area. Officers covering the Wyre are based in Fleetwood.
* South –The divisional headquarters are in Preston, with a secondary base at Chorley next to the Magistrates' Court. South division polices the Preston, South Ribble, Chorley and West Lancashire areas. The ageing station at Chorley is due to be replaced, after the acquisition of a former Runshaw College site.[8]
* East – Based at Greenbank, Blackburn, this division is primarily assigned to police the Blackburn with Darwen, Ribble Valley and Accrington, Burnley, Pendle and Rossendale areas.

### Hutton headquarters

[edit]

Calls and digital engagement are handled by Contact Management based at headquarters.

A number of other operationally significant departments are based at the constabulary headquarters in Hutton, including Force Intelligence Bureau, Vehicle Maintenance, and Scientific Support.

The Hutton site also houses the Training School, where new recruits undergo their initial classroom training, and serving officers and staff attend development courses and annual refreshment courses, such as First Aid and Officer Safety.

### Specialist Operations

[edit]

At the end of 2017 Lancashire Constabulary formed the Tactical Operations Team (TacOps for short) which is composed of the Roads Policing Unit, Dog Unit, Mounted Branch and Armed Response Unit.

TacOps was renamed in 2023 to Specialist Operations Team, or Specialist Ops.

Lancashire Constabulary partners with the North West Police Underwater Search & Marine Unit.

### Counter terrorism

[edit]

Following a review in 2015, British police forces changed their approach to counter terrorism, and eleven regional counter terrorism units were formed.

Lancashire is covered by the Counter Terrorism Policing North West's unit,[9] which also covers Cheshire, Cumbria, Greater Manchester, the Isle of Man and Merseyside.

## Police stations

[edit]

Although the Constabulary Headquarters is in Hutton, there is not normally public access to this site.

Each of the three geographic divisions has a Divisional Headquarters, West- Blackpool, South- Preston, and East- Greenbank Blackburn.

Across the county, seventeen Police Stations / satellite offices have retained front counter services, for the public to walk up and speak to someone face to face.[10]

Six stations have operational custody suites, namely Blackpool, Lancaster, Blackburn, Burnley, and Preston, with a total capacity of 138 cells.[11]

## Equipment

[edit]

The routine police officer is not armed but does carry a baton, PAVA spray, limb restraints (leg restraints), a first aid kit, a torch and rigid handcuffs.

All police officers, special constables, PCSOs and civilian members of staff are required to wear a stab vest when on duty and "not in an office environment"; most choose to wear their vest at all times.

Although officers are not routinely armed, all officers, who are out of their probationary period, can be trained in the use of taser guns should they choose and they routinely carry them whilst on patrol.

Lancashire also has several armed response teams with authorised firearms officers carrying assault rifles, pistols and taser guns.[12] Armed Response Vehicles also carry specialist equipment to gain entry to buildings and vehicles.[13]

After successful trials in 2014, the force issued body-mounted cameras to all officers in forward-facing roles.[14] All officers are now trained to use them and many choose to use them on every shift, although their use is not mandatory. In 2020, Lancashire Police upgraded to cameras with the ability to integrate with the digital policing app Pronto, which has replaced traditional paper pocket note books.[15]

All officers and some civilian staff (PCSOs, CSIs) also carry two-way radios registered to Airwave Solutions, a nationwide radio network in the UK on which police and other emergency rely. Based on the TETRA standard, the radio network is secure and fully protected against eavesdropping on transmissions, as well as allowing interoperability with other police services, fire brigades, as well as ambulance services.

## Motorway unit

[edit]

BMW 3 Series Tourer (Estate) pictured in 2011 BMW K1200 pictured in 2011 Mercedes Sprinter Van pictured in 2012

The force's motorway policing unit has headquarters at Samlesbury near Preston. The unit is led by a single inspector who in turn is responsible for seven sergeants and 43 police constables. The unit also operates a vehicle checking station at Cuerden between Chorley and Preston on the M65, this is done in co-operation with VOSA.[citation needed]

Until 2018, Lancashire's motorway unit was one of the four forces that make up the North West Motorway Police Group along with Merseyside Police, Greater Manchester Police and Cheshire Constabulary.[16]

## Air Support Unit

[edit]

Since 2013, air support has been provided by the National Police Air Service, which provides air support to all police forces in England & Wales.

This now-defunct unit operated an EC135 helicopter based at BAE Warton. The force had an ASU since 1994 when it fielded a Eurocopter Squirrel,[17] but this was retired in the early 2000s as it was replaced by the newer EC135.

## Firearms unit

[edit]

Due to police officers in the county not being routinely armed the force has its own specialised firearms unit based at locations around the county. The force has at any one time nine armed officers on patrol. As well being trained in firearms, AFOs are also trained in other skills such as method of entry and advanced pursuit tactics.

## PEEL inspection

[edit]

His Majesty's Inspectorate of Constabulary and Fire & Rescue Services (HMICFRS) conducts a periodic police effectiveness, efficiency and legitimacy (PEEL) inspection of each police service's performance. In its latest PEEL inspection, Lancashire Constabulary was rated as follows:[18]

| Outstanding | Good | Adequate | Requires Improvement | Inadequate

|
|
|
|
|

2021/22 rating |  |

* Preventing crime
* Protecting vulnerable people
* Managing offenders
* Developing a positive workplace
* Good use of resources
* Treatment of the public

* Responding to the public

* Investigating crime

## See also

[edit]

* Lancashire Police and Crime Commissioner
* Policing in the United Kingdom
* GRIP (Group Intervention Panel)
* Operation Tremor
* Lancashire Fire and Rescue Service
* Lancashire Probation Trust
* British Transport Police

## References

[edit]

1. ^ a b c d "Data tables for 'Police workforce, England and Wales: 30 September 2020'". Home Office. 28 January 2021. Retrieved 20 May 2021.
2. ^ The Thin Blue Line, Police Council for Great Britain Staff Side Claim for Undermanning Supplements, 1965
3. ^ "UK | England | Police force merger is approved". BBC News. 24 February 2006. Retrieved 3 April 2016.
4. ^ "New Lancashire chief constable to face final councillors hurdle to role". Lancashire Telegraph. 29 February 2024. Retrieved 29 February 2024.
5. ^ "Police Roll of Honour Trust". Policememorial.org.uk. Retrieved 31 March 2016.
6. ^ "Home - Lancashire Police Museum". Retrieved 20 March 2024.
7. ^ "West Division Police HQ - Blackpool". Willmott Dixon. Retrieved 20 March 2024.
8. ^ Cudworth, Sam (5 December 2022). "Commissioner announces new police station for Chorley". Lancashire Police Crime Commissioner. Retrieved 20 March 2024.
9. ^ "Our Network". Counter Terrorism Policing. Retrieved 20 March 2024.
10. ^ "LANCASHIRE POLICE - Lancashire Constabulary". www.lancashire.police.uk. Retrieved 20 March 2024.
11. ^ "Report on an inspection visit to police custody suites in Lancashire". His Majesty’s Inspectorate of Constabulary and Fire & Rescue Services. Retrieved 20 March 2024.
12. ^ "Armed policing | College of Policing". www.college.police.uk. 23 October 2013. Retrieved 20 March 2024.
13. ^ Cudworth, Sam (1 April 2022). "Police Commissioner joins Armed Response shift protecting Lancashire and sees new kit". Lancashire Police Crime Commissioner. Retrieved 20 March 2024.
14. ^ "GMP officers to trial use of 'body cameras'". Manchester Evening News. 2 September 2014. Retrieved 20 November 2023.
15. ^ "Lancashire police integrate body-worn video into digital policing app | Computer Weekly". ComputerWeekly.com. Retrieved 20 March 2024.
16. ^ "North West Motorway Police Group (NWMPG)". Archived from the original on 5 November 2008. Retrieved 20 May 2021.
17. ^ Hayles, John. "UK Police Aviation". aeroflight.co.uk. Retrieved 21 January 2013.
18. ^ "PEEL 2021/22 Police effectiveness, efficiency and legitimacy: An inspection of Lancashire Constabulary" (PDF). His Majesty's Inspectorate of Constabulary and Fire & Rescue Services. 14 October 2022. Retrieved 15 December 2022.

## External links

[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Lancashire Constabulary.

* Official website
* Lancashire Constabulary at HMICFRS
* Lancashire Partnership Against Crime
* Lancashire Constabulary Roll of Honour

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