Landmarks of the Nebraska Territory

Landmarks of the Nebraska Territory were important to settlers on the Oregon, California and Mormon trails. While the majority of the landmarks were close to the Platte River, others were spread across the state.[1]

## The trails

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Landmarks in the Nebraska Territory were often related to their proximity to the several trails that crossed the area. The Oregon and California Trails entered the Territory from the Kansas Territory Kansas at Gage County. They continue west/northwesterly across present-day Nebraska. The Mormon Trail entered the Nebraska Territory at Cutler's Park, across the Missouri River from Kanesville, Iowa. It continued westerly along the Elkhorn and Platte Rivers.

## Landmarks

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Chimney Rock, 2002 Scotts Bluff, 1938. Photo: George A. Grant Saddle Rock in Scotts Bluff National Monument Courthouse and Jail Rocks Landmarks of the Nebraska Territory (East-to-west order)

Name  | Nearest town  | Details
Audubon Spring Creek Prairie | Denton |
Rock Creek Station | Endicott | A Pony Express Station and now a State Historical Park. Setting of an 1861 gunfight between David McCanles and Wild Bill Hickok.
Oak Grove Station | Oak | A Pony Express station is marked by a monument commemorating an 1864 Indian battle called the Little Blue Raid.
Simonton-Smith wagon train attack site | Hastings | First fatal action of the Indian War of 1864.
Spring Ranch | Pauline | A stagecoach stop, trading post and village.
Susan Hail Grave | Kenesaw | Died 2 June 1852, probably of cholera. Many emigrants, including William Woodhams, described her grave. Her grief-stricken husband returned to St. Joseph for a tombstone and moved it by wheelbarrow back to this location.
Fort Kearny (Fort Childs)  | Kearney | An open fort made of sod and adobe, and located south of the Platte River.
Midway Station | Gothenburg | Built in 1855 as a trading post before being used as an Overland stage station and Pony Express station. Mark Twain referenced it in his 1872 novel, Roughing It, as did Charles Dawson and Mattes & Henderson.
Cottonwood Springs | Maxwell | The only good water along the trails in either direction.
Fort McPherson | Maxwell  | Important during the Indian Wars. Among the dead at the Fort McPherson National Cemetery is Spotted Horse. Also a monument to the 1854 Grattan Massacre.
O'Fallon's Bluff | Sutherland | On the south bank of the South Platte River, location of a stage station and military post.
Beauvais Trading Post (Starr Ranch)  | Brule | An 1859 trading post was established by Geminien P. Beauvais, and the famous pre-1859 Upper Crossing or Old California Crossing.
California Crossing | Brule  | A South Platte River crossing.
Windlass Hill and Ash Hollow State Historical Park | Big Springs\- Lewellen-area  |
Rachel Pattison Grave at Ash Hollow Cemetery | Lewellen  |
John Hollman Grave | Oshkosh |
Courthouse and Jail Rocks | Bridgeport | Courthouse Rock is a sandstone outcropping south of the Oregon Trail. A smaller feature to the east is called the Jail Rock.
Chimney Rock National Historic Site | Bayard | A clay and sandstone column resembling a tall factory chimney that is over 300 feet (91 m) today.
Rebecca Winters' Gravesite | Scottsbluff | Rebecca Winters, a Mormon pioneer, died during 1852 en route to the Utah Territory.
Scotts Bluff | Gering | A bluff over the North Platte River, now within Scotts Bluff National Monument.
Mitchell Pass | Gering  | A gap in the Wildcat Hills used by travelers on the Emigrant Trail after 1851 after improvement by the United States Army Corps of Engineers, now within Scotts Bluff National Monument.
Pierre D. Papin Grave | Gering  | Pierre was a well known trapper who died at nearby Fort John in May 1853.
Robidoux Pass and Trading Post | Gering  | Small log trading post was established by Joseph E. Robidoux in late 1848.

## See also

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* History of Nebraska

## References

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1. ^ "Nebraska Trail Sites", Nebraska chapter of Oregon-California Trails Association. Retrieved 9/7/07.

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