Lanthanum decahydride

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Lanthanum decahydride  Identifiers

CAS Number

* 1130489-79-0[1]

3D model (JSmol)

* Interactive image

InChI

* InChI=1S/La.10H

Key: WKJDXOLLSPZSBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N

SMILES

* [LaH10]

Properties

Chemical formula

| H10La
Molar mass | 148.985 g·mol−1
Structure

Crystal structure

| Cubic

Space group

| Fm3m

Lattice constant

a = 5.1019(5) Å

at 150 GPa

Lattice volume (V)

| 132.80(4) Å3

Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).

Infobox references

Chemical compound

Lanthanum decahydride is a polyhydride or superhydride compound of lanthanum and hydrogen (LaH10) that has shown evidence of being a high-temperature superconductor. It was the first metal superhydride to be theoretically predicted,[2][3] synthesized,[4] and experimentally confirmed[5] to superconduct at near room-temperatures. It has a superconducting transition temperature TC around 250 K (−23 °C; −10 °F) at a pressure of 150 gigapascals (22×10 ~~^~~ 6 psi), and its synthesis required pressures above approximately 160 gigapascals (23×10 ~~^~~ 6 psi).[6][7]

## Synopsis

[edit]

Since its discovery in 2019,[8] the superconducting properties of LaH10 and other lanthanum-based superhydrides have been experimentally confirmed in multiple independent experiments.[9][10][11][12] The compound exhibits a Meissner effect below the superconducting transition temperature.[13] A cubic form can be synthesized at 1,000 K (730 °C; 1,340 °F),[6] and a hexagonal crystal structure can be formed at room temperature.[14] Further reports indicate Tc is increased with nitrogen doping,[15] and decreased with the introduction of magnetic impurities.[16]

The cubic form has each lanthanum atom surrounded by 32 hydrogen atoms, which form the vertices of an 18-faced shape called a chamfered cube.[17]

A similar compound, lanthanum boron octahydride, was computationally predicted to be a superconductor at 126 K (−147 °C; −233 °F) and pressure 50 gigapascals (7.3×10 ~~^~~ 6 psi).[18]

## References

[edit]

1. ^ "Lanthanum decahydride". American Chemical Society.
2. ^ Peng, Feng; Sun, Ying; Pickard, Chris J.; Needs, Richard J.; Wu, Qiang; Ma, Yanming (2017-09-08). "Hydrogen Clathrate Structures in Rare Earth Hydrides at High Pressures: Possible Route to Room-Temperature Superconductivity". Physical Review Letters. 119 (10): 107001. Bibcode:2017PhRvL.119j7001P. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.119.107001. PMID 28949166.
3. ^ Liu, Hanyu; Naumov, Ivan I.; Hoffmann, Roald; Ashcroft, N. W.; Hemley, Russell J. (2017-07-03). "Potential high- T c superconducting lanthanum and yttrium hydrides at high pressure". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 114 (27): 6990–6995. doi:10.1073/pnas.1704505114. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 5502634. PMID 28630301.
4. ^ Geballe, Zachary M.; Liu, Hanyu; Mishra, Ajay K.; Ahart, Muhtar; Somayazulu, Maddury; Meng, Yue; Baldini, Maria; Hemley, Russell J. (2018-01-15). "Synthesis and Stability of Lanthanum Superhydrides". Angewandte Chemie. 130 (3): 696–700. Bibcode:2018AngCh.130..696G. doi:10.1002/ange.201709970. ISSN 0044-8249.
5. ^ Somayazulu, Maddury; Ahart, Muhtar; Mishra, Ajay K.; Geballe, Zachary M.; Baldini, Maria; Meng, Yue; Struzhkin, Viktor V.; Hemley, Russell J. (2019-01-14). "Evidence for Superconductivity above 260 K in Lanthanum Superhydride at Megabar Pressures". Physical Review Letters. 122 (2): 027001. arXiv:1808.07695. Bibcode:2019PhRvL.122b7001S. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.122.027001. PMID 30720326.
6. ^ a b Drozdov, A. P.; Kong, P. P.; Minkov, V. S.; Besedin, S. P.; Kuzovnikov, M. A.; Mozaffari, S.; Balicas, L.; Balakirev, F. F.; Graf, D. E.; Prakapenka, V. B.; Greenberg, E.; Knyazev, D. A.; Tkacz, M.; Eremets, M. I. (2019). "Superconductivity at 250 K in lanthanum hydride under high pressures". Nature. 569 (7757): 528–531. arXiv:1812.01561. Bibcode:2019Natur.569..528D. doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1201-8. PMID 31118520. S2CID 119231000.
7. ^ M. Kostrzewa; K. M. Szczęśniak; A. P. Durajski; R. Szczęśniak (31 January 2020). "From LaH10 to room–temperature superconductors". Scientific Reports. 10 (1): 1592. arXiv:1905.12308. Bibcode:2020NatSR..10.1592K. doi:10.1038/s41598-020-58065-9. PMC 6994605. PMID 32005852.
8. ^ Somayazulu, Maddury; Ahart, Muhtar; Mishra, Ajay K.; Geballe, Zachary M.; Baldini, Maria; Meng, Yue; Struzhkin, Viktor V.; Hemley, Russell J. (2019-01-14). "Evidence for Superconductivity above 260 K in Lanthanum Superhydride at Megabar Pressures". Physical Review Letters. 122 (2): 027001. arXiv:1808.07695. Bibcode:2019PhRvL.122b7001S. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.122.027001. PMID 30720326.
9. ^ Drozdov, A. P.; Kong, P. P.; Minkov, V. S.; Besedin, S. P.; Kuzovnikov, M. A.; Mozaffari, S.; Balicas, L.; Balakirev, F. F.; Graf, D. E.; Prakapenka, V. B.; Greenberg, E.; Knyazev, D. A.; Tkacz, M.; Eremets, M. I. (May 2019). "Superconductivity at 250 K in lanthanum hydride under high pressures". Nature. 569 (7757): 528–531. arXiv:1812.01561. Bibcode:2019Natur.569..528D. doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1201-8. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 31118520. S2CID 119231000.
10. ^ Hong, Fang; Yang, Liuxiang; Shan, Pengfei; Yang, Pengtao; Liu, Ziyi; Sun, Jianping; Yin, Yunyu; Yu, Xiaohui; Cheng, Jinguang; Zhao, Zhongxian (2020-10-01). "Superconductivity of Lanthanum Superhydride Investigated Using the Standard Four-Probe Configuration under High Pressures*". Chinese Physics Letters. 37 (10): 107401. Bibcode:2020ChPhL..37j7401H. doi:10.1088/0256-307X/37/10/107401. ISSN 0256-307X. S2CID 250921188.
11. ^ Semenok, Dmitrii V.; Troyan, Ivan A.; Ivanova, Anna G.; Kvashnin, Alexander G.; Kruglov, Ivan A.; Hanfland, Michael; Sadakov, Andrey V.; Sobolevskiy, Oleg A.; Pervakov, Kirill S.; Lyubutin, Igor S.; Glazyrin, Konstantin V.; Giordano, Nico; Karimov, Denis N.; Vasiliev, Alexander L.; Akashi, Ryosuke (2021-09-01). "Superconductivity at 253 K in lanthanum–yttrium ternary hydrides". Materials Today. 48: 18–28. arXiv:2012.04787. doi:10.1016/j.mattod.2021.03.025. ISSN 1369-7021.
12. ^ Semenok, Dmitrii V.; Troyan, Ivan A.; Sadakov, Andrey V.; Zhou, Di; Galasso, Michele; Kvashnin, Alexander G.; Ivanova, Anna G.; Kruglov, Ivan A.; Bykov, Alexey A.; Terent'ev, Konstantin Y.; Cherepakhin, Alexander V.; Sobolevskiy, Oleg A.; Pervakov, Kirill S.; Seregin, Alexey Yu.; Helm, Toni (October 2022). "Effect of Magnetic Impurities on Superconductivity in LaH 10". Advanced Materials. 34 (42): e2204038. arXiv:2203.06500. Bibcode:2022AdM....3404038S. doi:10.1002/adma.202204038. ISSN 0935-9648. PMID 35829689. S2CID 247447065.
13. ^ Eremets, M. I.; Minkov, V. S.; Drozdov, A. P.; Kong, P. P.; Ksenofontov, V.; Shylin, S. I.; Bud'ko, S. L.; Prozorov, R.; Balakirev, F. F.; Sun, Dan; Mozzafari, S.; Balicas, L. (10 January 2022). "High‑Temperature Superconductivity in Hydrides: Experimental Evidence and Details". Journal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetism. 35 (4): 965–977. arXiv:2201.05137. doi:10.1007/s10948-022-06148-1.
14. ^ Geballe, Zachary M.; Liu, Hanyu; Mishra, Ajay K.; Ahart, Muhtar; Somayazulu, Maddury; Meng, Yue; Baldini, Maria; Hemley, Russell J. (15 January 2018). "Synthesis and Stability of Lanthanum Superhydrides". Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 57 (3): 688–692. doi:10.1002/anie.201709970. PMID 29193506.
15. ^ Ge, Yanfeng; Zhang, Fan; Hemley, Russell J. (2021-12-15). "Room-temperature superconductivity in boron- and nitrogen-doped lanthanum superhydride". Physical Review B. 104 (21): 214505. arXiv:2012.13398. Bibcode:2021PhRvB.104u4505G. doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.104.214505. S2CID 229371105.
16. ^ Sanner, T. (1975-11-18). "Formation of transient complexes in the glutamate dehydrogenase catalyzed reaction". Biochemistry. 14 (23): 5094–5098. doi:10.1021/bi00694a011. ISSN 0006-2960. PMID 39.
17. ^ "NNNS chemistry blog: Lanthanum decahydride". chem.vander-lingen.nl.
18. ^ Di Cataldo, Simone; Heil, Christoph; von der Linden, Wolfgang; Boeri, Lilia (2021-07-29). "BH8: Towards high-Tc low-pressure superconductivity in ternary superhydrides". Physical Review B. 104 (2): L020511. arXiv:2102.11227. Bibcode:2021PhRvB.104b0511D. doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.104.L020511. S2CID 242872381.

* v
* t
* e

Lanthanum compounds

* La(CH
3COO)

* La(C5H7O2)3
* LaAlO3
* LaB6
* LBCO
* LaBr3
* LaC2
* LaCl3
* La2(CO3)3
* LaCoO3
* C
36H
72LaO

* LaF3
* LaH10
* La2Hf2O7
* La(IO3)3
* LaI3
* LaN
* LaMnO3
* LaNix (LaNi5)
* La(NO3)3
* La
2(C

* La2O3
* LaOF
* La

* La(OH)3
* LaP
* La2Te3
* LaYbO3
* LLZO
* LSAT
* LSCF
* LSM
* C
54H
105LaO

* LaS
* La2S3

* v
* t
* e

Binary compounds of hydrogen

Alkali metal
(Group 1) hydrides|

* LiH
* NaH
* KH
* RbH
* CsH

Alkaline
(Group 2)
earth hydrides|

| Monohydrides|

* BeH
* MgH
* CaH
* SrH
* BaH

|

Dihydrides|

* BeH2
* MgH2
* CaH2
* SrH2
* BaH2

|

Group 13
hydrides|

| Boranes|

* BH3
* BH
* B2H6
* B2H2
* B2H4
* B4H10
* B5H9
* B5H11
* B6H10
* B6H12
* B10H14
* B18H22

|

Alanes|

* AlH3
* Al2H6

|

Gallanes|

* GaH3
* Ga2H6

|

Indiganes|

* InH3
* In2H6

|

Thallanes|

* TlH3
* Tl2H6

|

Nihonanes (predicted)|

* NhH
* NhH3
* Nh2H6
* NhH5

|

Group 14 hydrides|

| Hydrocarbons|

* alkanes
* alkenes
* alkynes
* Cycloalkanes
* Cycloalkenes
* Cycloalkynes
* Annulenes

|

* CH
* CH2
* CH3
* C2H

Silanes|

* SiH4
* Si2H6
* Si3H8
* Si4H10
* Si5H12
* Si6H14
* Si7H16
* Si8H18
* Si9H20
* Si10H22
* more...

|

Silenes|

* Si2H4

|

Silynes|

* Si2H2
* SiH

|

Germanes|

* GeH4
* Ge2H6
* Ge3H8
* Ge4H10
* Ge5H12

|

Stannanes|

* SnH4
* Sn2H6

|

Plumbanes|

* PbH4

|

Flerovanes (predicted)|

* FlH
* FlH2
* FlH4

|

Pnictogen
(Group 15) hydrides|

| Azanes|

* NH3
* N2H4
* N3H5
* N4H6
* N5H7
* N6H8
* N7H9
* N8H10
* N9H11
* N10H12
* more...

|

Azenes|

* N2H2
* N3H3
* N4H4

|

Phosphanes|

* PH3
* P2H4
* P3H5
* P4H6
* P5H7
* P6H8
* P7H9
* P8H10
* P9H11
* P10H12
* more...

|

Phosphenes|

* P2H2
* P3H3
* P4H4

|

Arsanes|

* AsH3
* As2H4

|

Stibanes|

* SbH3

|

Bismuthanes|

* BiH3

|

Moscovanes|

* McH3 (predicted)

|

* HN3
* NH
* HN5
* NH5 (hypothetical)

Hydrogen
chalcogenides
(Group 16 hydrides)|

| Polyoxidanes|

* H2O
* H2O2
* H2O3
* H2O4
* H2O5
* more...

|

Polysulfanes|

* H2S
* H2S2
* H2S3
* H2S4
* H2S5
* H2S6
* H2S7
* H2S8
* H2S9
* H2S10
* more...

|

Selanes|

* H2Se
* H2Se2

|

Tellanes|

* H2Te
* H2Te2

|

Polanes|

* PoH2

|

Livermoranes|

* LvH2 (predicted)

|

* HO
* HO2
* HO3
* H2O+–O– (hypothetical)
* HS
* HDO
* D2O
* T2O

Hydrogen halides
(Group 17 hydrides)|

* HF
* HCl
* HBr
* HI
* HAt
* HTs (predicted)

Transition metal hydrides|

* ScH2
* YH2
* YH3
* YH6
* YH9
* LuH2
* LuH3
* TiH2
* TiH4
* ZrH2
* ZrH4
* HfH2
* HfH4
* VH
* VH2
* NbH
* NbH2
* TaH
* TaH2
* CrH
* CrH2
* CrHx
* FeH
* FeH2
* FeH5
* CoH2
* RhH2
* IrH3
* NiH
* PdHx (x < 1)
* PtHx (x< 1)
* DsH2 (predicted)
* CuH
* RgH (predicted)
* ZnH2
* CdH2
* HgH
* Hg2H2
* HgH2
* CnH2 (predicted)

Lanthanide hydrides|

* LaH2
* LaH3
* LaH10
* CeH2
* CeH3
* PrH2
* PrH3
* NdH2
* NdH3
* SmH2
* SmH3
* EuH2
* GdH2
* GdH3
* TbH2
* TbH3
* DyH2
* DyH3
* HoH2
* HoH3
* ErH2
* ErH3
* TmH2
* TmH3
* YbH2
* LuH2
* LuH3

Actinide hydrides|

* AcH2
* ThH2
* ThH4
* Th4H15
* PaH3
* UH3
* UH4
* NpH2
* NpH3
* PuH2
* PuH3
* AmH2
* AmH3
* CmH2
* BkH2
* BkH3
* CfH2
* CfH3

Exotic matter hydrides|

* PsH

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