Laredo, Texas

City in Texas, United States

Laredo

City

Downtown Laredo

Flag

Coat of arms

Nickname(s):

"The Gateway City" and "The City Under Seven Flags"

Laredo

Location within Texas

Show map of Texas

Laredo

Location within the United States

Show map of the United States

Coordinates: 27°31′25″N 99°29′25″W﻿ / ﻿27.52361°N 99.49028°W﻿ / 27.52361; -99.49028
Country| United States
State| Texas
County| Webb
Metropolitan area| Laredo–Nuevo Laredo Metropolitan Area
Founded| August 25, 1755
Settled as| Villa de San Agustín de Laredo
Founded by| Tomás Sánchez
Named after| Laredo, Spain
Government

• Type| Council–manager
• Mayor| Dr. Victor D. Treviño[1]
• City Council|

Members

* Rudy Gonzalez Jr.
* Vidal Rodriguez
* Mercurio Martinez, III
* Alberto Torres Jr. (D)[2]
* Ruben Gutierrez, Jr.
* Dr. Marte A. Martinez
* Vanessa Perez
* Alyssa Cigarroa[3]

• City manager| Robert A. Eads
• Police chief| Claudio Trevino
Area

[4]

• City

| 107.96 sq mi (279.61 km2)
• Land| 106.49 sq mi (275.81 km2)
• Water| 1.47 sq mi (3.80 km2)
• Metro

| 161.76 sq mi (418.96 km2)
Elevation

| 438 ft (137.2 m)
Population

(2020)

• City

| 255,205

• Estimate

(2021)

| 256,153
• Rank| US: 88th
• Density| 2,396.5/sq mi (925.3/km2)
• Urban

| 251,462 (US: 163rd)[5]
• Urban density| 3,916.6/sq mi (1,512.2/km2)
• Metro

| 267,114 (US: 186th)
Demonyms|

* Laredoan
* Laredense

GDP

[6]

• Metro| $17.010 billion (2022)
Time zone| UTC−6 (CST)
• Summer (DST)| UTC−5 (CST)
ZIP Codes|

78040–78046, 78049

Area code| 956
FIPS code| 48-41464[7]
GNIS feature ID| 1339633[8]
Website| cityoflaredo.com

Laredo (/ləˈreɪdoʊ/ lə-RAY-doh; Spanish: [laˈɾeðo]) is a city in the U.S. state of Texas and the county seat of Webb County, on the north bank of the Rio Grande in South Texas, across from Nuevo Laredo, Tamaulipas, Mexico. Founded in 1755, Laredo grew from a village to the capital of the short-lived Republic of the Rio Grande to the largest inland port on the Mexican border. Laredo's economy is primarily based on international trade with Mexico, and as a major hub for three areas of transportation: land, rail, and air cargo. The city is on the southern end of I-35, which connects manufacturers in northern Mexico through Interstate 35 as a major route for trade throughout the U.S. It has four international bridges and one railway bridge.

According to the 2020 census, the city's population was 255,205, making it the 11th-most populous city in Texas and third-most populated U.S. city on the Mexican border, after San Diego, California, and El Paso, Texas.[9] Its metropolitan area is the 178th-largest in the U.S. and includes all of Webb County, with a population of 267,114. Laredo is also part of the cross-border Laredo-Nuevo Laredo metropolitan area with an estimated population of 636,516.[10]

Laredo's Hispanic proportion of 95.15% is one of the highest proportion of Hispanic Americans of any city in the United States outside of Puerto Rico.[11]

Texas A&M International University and Laredo College are in Laredo. Laredo International Airport is within the Laredo city limits, while the Quetzalcoatl International Airport is nearby in Nuevo Laredo on the Mexican side.

The biggest festival, Washington's Birthday Celebration, is held during the later part of January and the majority of February, attracting hundreds of thousands of tourists.[12]

## History

[edit]

See also: Timeline of Laredo, Texas

Map of Laredo in 1892 Laredo Center for the Arts in the downtown square Though the facility has been closed since 1999, the marquee of the Plaza Theater in downtown Laredo has been renovated. A citizens committee sought without success to establish a private–public partnership to reopen the Plaza as a live-entertainment venue.[13] In 2018, the city council sought private entities, nonprofit organizations, and an architect to make the facility useful again.

The Spanish colonial settlement of Villa de San Agustín de Laredo was founded in 1755 by Don Tomás Sánchez de la Barrera, while the area was part of the Nuevo Santander region in the Spanish viceroyalty of New Spain. Villa de San Agustín de Laredo was named after Laredo, Cantabria, Spain and in honor of Saint Augustine of Hippo. In 1840, Laredo was the capital of the independent Republic of the Rio Grande, set up in opposition to Antonio López de Santa Anna; it was brought back into Mexico by military force.[citation needed]

In 1846 during the Mexican–American War, the town was occupied by the Texas Rangers. After the war, the Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo ceded the land to the United States. A referendum was taken in the town, which voted to petition the American military government in charge of the area to return the town to Mexico. When this petition was rejected, many who had been in the area for generations, moved across the river into Mexican territory, where they founded Nuevo Laredo. Many others, especially original land grantees on the north side of the Rio Grande remained, becoming Texans in the process. In 1849, the United States Army set up Fort McIntosh (originally Camp Crawford). Laredo was rechartered as a city in 1852.

Laredo is one of the oldest crossing points along the Mexico–United States border, and the nation's largest inland port of entry. In 2005, Laredo celebrated the 250th anniversary of its founding.

The etymology of the name for the Spanish town of Laredo is unclear. Some scholars say the name stems from glaretum, which means "sandy, rocky place". Others state Laredo stems from a Basque word meaning "beautiful pastures".[14][15] Laredo might also stem from the Latin larida, which means gull.[16]

Cellist Yo-Yo Ma brought his Bach Project to the Juarez–Lincoln International Bridge in April 2019.[17][18]

## Geography

[edit]

NASA satellite image of Laredo and Nuevo Laredo (2007)

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 102.6 square miles (265.7 km2), of which 1.5 square miles (3.9 km2) (1.37%) are covered by water.[19]

### Location

[edit]

Laredo is on the west end of the Rio Grande Plains, south of the Edwards Plateau, west of the Coastal Plains, and east of the Mexican Mountains. The area consists of a few hills and flat land covered with grasses, oaks, and mesquite.

### Bodies of water

[edit]

Notable geographic features are the Rio Grande and Chacon Creek's man-made reservoir, Lake Casa Blanca, in Lake Casa Blanca International State Park. The lake is 371 acres (1.5 km2) of land and 1,650 acres (7 km2) of water. The six major creeks are Chacon Creek, San Ildefonso Creek, San Ygnacio Creek, Santa Isabel Creek, Sombrerillito Creek, and Zacate Creek, all of which drain into the Rio Grande. Several man-made reservoirs include the San Ildefonso Creek Lake (second-largest reservoir), and the Sombrerillito Creek Lake (third-largest reservoir).

### Nearby cities

[edit]

City | Population | Distance (km)

|
|

Nuevo Laredo, Tamaulipas | 373,725 | 0 mi
Monclova, Coahuila | 198,819 | 124 mi (200 km)
Monterrey, Nuevo León | 5,324,281 | 125 mi (201 km)
Reynosa, Tamaulipas | 589,466 | 130 mi (210 km)
Corpus Christi, Texas | 305,215 | 131 mi (211 km)
San Antonio, Texas | 2,601,788 | 154 mi (248 km)
Heroica Matamoros, Tamaulipas | 449,815 | 167 mi (269 km)
Brownsville, Texas | 183,046 | 170 mi (270 km)
Saltillo, Coahuila | 709,671 | 181 mi (291 km)

### Climate

[edit]

Laredo is considered to have a hot semi-arid climate (Köppen, BSh). with sweltering temperatures in the summer and mild temperatures during the winter. Its weather is affected by the Sierra Madre Oriental mountains to the west, the Gulf of Mexico to the east, and the Chihuahuan Desert of Northern Mexico and West Texas. Moisture from the Pacific is cut off by the Mexican mountain range.

The normal monthly mean temperature ranges from 57.6 °F (14.2 °C) in January to 89.1 °F (31.7 °C) in August; official record temperatures range from 11 °F (−11.7 °C) on December 30, 1983, up to 115 °F (46.1 °C) on May 7, 1927, June 17, 1908, and June 19, 2023.[20] On average, temperatures reach 100 °F (37.8 °C) or higher on 74.2 afternoons annually, and fall to or below the freezing mark on 4.6 mornings, although, in five seasons,[a] the annual minimum temperature was above freezing.[20][21]

Rainfall averages 19.7 in (500 mm) annually, with higher amounts typically occurring from May to October, with peaks in May and September separated by a secondary minimum due to a westward shift of the subtropical anticyclone and divergence between the westerlies and trade winds.[22] Actual annual rainfall has ranged from 6.65 inches or 168.9 millimetres in 2011 to 42.28 inches or 1,073.9 millimetres in 1971. The highest monthly rainfalls have been 12.94 inches or 328.7 millimetres in September 1923, 12.45 inches or 316.2 millimetres in July 1919, 12.29 inches or 312.2 millimetres in June 1973 and 11.54 inches or 293.1 millimetres in September 1971. The heaviest daily rainfall has been 7.55 inches or 191.8 millimetres on July 28, 1903. In contrast, not even a trace fell for 108 days from May 12 to August 28 of 1917.

Measurable snow in Laredo has occurred in only five seasons since records began in 1902:[20]

1. on December 27–28, 1925 and January 22–23, 1926, totalling 3.7 inches (0.094 m)
2. on December 14, 1947, with 1.0 inch (0.025 m)
3. on January 9, 1967, with 2.7 inches (0.069 m)
4. on Christmas Eve 2004, with 1.1 inches (0.028 m)
5. on December 7–8, 2017, with 1.3 inches (0.033 m)

Climate data for Laredo, Texas (1991–2020 normals,[b] extremes 1902–present[c])

Month  | Jan  | Feb  | Mar  | Apr  | May  | Jun  | Jul  | Aug  | Sep  | Oct  | Nov  | Dec  | Year
Record high °F (°C)  | 98
(37)  | 103
(39)  | 105
(41)  | 111
(44)  | 115
(46)  | 115
(46)  | 113
(45)  | 111
(44)  | 110
(43)  | 107
(42)  | 101
(38)  | 95
(35)  | 115
(46)
Mean maximum °F (°C)  | 86.6
(30.3)  | 90.7
(32.6)  | 96.9
(36.1)  | 102.0
(38.9)  | 104.8
(40.4)  | 106.1
(41.2)  | 106.9
(41.6)  | 106.2
(41.2)  | 103.3
(39.6)  | 98.0
(36.7)  | 90.6
(32.6)  | 84.9
(29.4)  | 109.1
(42.8)
Mean daily maximum °F (°C)  | 68.4
(20.2)  | 73.9
(23.3)  | 80.8
(27.1)  | 88.4
(31.3)  | 94.1
(34.5)  | 99.0
(37.2)  | 100.3
(37.9)  | 100.8
(38.2)  | 94.1
(34.5)  | 87.1
(30.6)  | 76.5
(24.7)  | 68.9
(20.5)  | 86.0
(30.0)
Daily mean °F (°C)  | 57.6
(14.2)  | 61.9
(16.6)  | 69.6
(20.9)  | 76.6
(24.8)  | 82.8
(28.2)  | 87.6
(30.9)  | 88.7
(31.5)  | 89.1
(31.7)  | 83.7
(28.7)  | 74.8
(23.8)  | 66
(19)  | 58.5
(14.7)  | 74.7
(23.7)
Mean daily minimum °F (°C)  | 46.8
(8.2)  | 51.7
(10.9)  | 58.3
(14.6)  | 64.9
(18.3)  | 71.5
(21.9)  | 76.2
(24.6)  | 77.1
(25.1)  | 77.4
(25.2)  | 73.1
(22.8)  | 65.8
(18.8)  | 55.6
(13.1)  | 48.0
(8.9)  | 63.9
(17.7)
Mean minimum °F (°C)  | 30.2
(−1.0)  | 33.0
(0.6)  | 39.0
(3.9)  | 48.3
(9.1)  | 59.2
(15.1)  | 68.9
(20.5)  | 70.8
(21.6)  | 71.7
(22.1)  | 61.7
(16.5)  | 45.0
(7.2)  | 37.2
(2.9)  | 30.5
(−0.8)  | 28.0
(−2.2)
Record low °F (°C)  | 15
(−9)  | 16
(−9)  | 25
(−4)  | 32
(0)  | 37
(3)  | 56
(13)  | 62
(17)  | 60
(16)  | 45
(7)  | 28
(−2)  | 21
(−6)  | 11
(−12)  | 11
(−12)
Average rainfall inches (mm)  | 0.77
(20)  | 0.65
(17)  | 1.34
(34)  | 1.30
(33)  | 2.82
(72)  | 1.81
(46)  | 1.86
(47)  | 1.58
(40)  | 3.87
(98)  | 1.66
(42)  | 0.97
(25)  | 1.05
(27)  | 19.68
(501)
Average rainy days (≥ 0.01 in) | 5.4  | 4.7  | 4.6  | 3.7  | 5.2  | 4.7  | 4.4  | 4.5  | 7.7  | 4.1  | 4.4  | 6.1  | 59.5
Source: NOAA[20][21]

## Demographics

[edit]

Historical populationYear| Pop.| ±%

|
|

1757| 85| —
1770| 185| +117.6%
1790| 708| +282.7%
1820| 1,430| +102.0%
1830| 2,052| +43.5%
1860| 1,256| −38.8%
1870| 2,046| +62.9%
1880| 3,521| +72.1%
1890| 11,319| +221.5%
1900| 13,429| +18.6%
1910| 14,855| +10.6%
1920| 22,710| +52.9%
1930| 32,618| +43.6%
1940| 39,274| +20.4%
1950| 51,910| +32.2%
1960| 60,678| +16.9%
1970| 69,678| +14.8%
1980| 91,449| +31.2%
1990| 122,899| +34.4%
2000| 176,576| +43.7%
2010| 236,091| +33.7%
2020| 255,205| +8.1%
U.S. Decennial Census[24]
Texas Almanac: 1850–2010[25][26]
Source: U.S. Decennial Census[27]

### 2020 census

[edit]

Laredo city, Texas – Racial and ethnic composition
Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race. Race / Ethnicity (NH = Non-Hispanic) | Pop 2000[28] | Pop 2010[29] | Pop 2020[30] | % 2000  | % 2010  | % 2020

|
|
|
|
|
|

White alone (NH)  | 8,891  | 8,086  | 9,181  | 5.04%  | 3.42%  | 3.60%
Black or African American alone (NH)  | 276  | 478  | 773  | 0.16%  | 0.20%  | 0.30%
Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH)  | 122  | 87  | 131  | 0.07%  | 0.04%  | 0.05%
Asian alone (NH)  | 773  | 1,313  | 1,290  | 0.44%  | 0.56%  | 0.51%
Pacific Islander alone (NH)  | 15  | 11  | 25  | 0.01%  | 0.00%  | 0.01%
Some Other Race alone (NH)  | 22  | 121  | 450  | 0.01%  | 0.05%  | 0.18%
Mixed race or Multiracial (NH)  | 261  | 245  | 537  | 0.15%  | 0.10%  | 0.21%
Hispanic or Latino (any race)  | 166,216  | 225,750  | 242,818  | 94.13%  | 95.62%  | 95.15%
Total | 176,576 | 236,091 | 255,205 | 100.00% | 100.00% | 100.00%

As of the 2020 United States census, 255,205 people, 72,328 households, and 58,294 families resided in the city.

### 2010 census

[edit]

As of the 2010, Laredo is the 81st-largest city in the United States and the 10th-largest in Texas. According to the 2010 census[7][31][32] there were 236,091 inhabitants in the city.

According to the 2010 U.S. Census, the racial composition of Laredo was:

* Whites: 87.7%, non-Hispanic Whites: 3.86%
* Black or African American: 0.5%
* Native American: 0.4%
* Asian: 0.6%
* Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander: 0.00%
* Two or more races: 1.5%
* other races 9.3%

Ethnically, the city was:

* Hispanic or Latino (of any race) – 95.6% (Mexican 86.9%, Puerto Rican 0.4%, Cuban 0.1%, other Hispanic or Latino 8.3%)

Map of racial distribution in Laredo, 2010 U.S. Census. Each dot is 25 people: ⬤ White ⬤ Black ⬤ Asian ⬤ Hispanic ⬤ Other

According to respondents' self-identification on the 2010 Census, the vast majority of Laredo's population is of Hispanic origin (95.6%), mostly Mexican (86.9%). Most Hispanics who did not identify themselves as Mexican identified as "other Hispanic or Latino" (8.3% of the total population). About 84.3% of the population identifies as white Hispanic, while only 11.3% identifies as Hispanic but not white; 4.4% of the population was not Hispanic or Latino (3.4% non-Hispanic White, 0.2% non-Hispanic Black or African American, 0.6% non-Hispanic Asian, 0.1% from some other race (non-Hispanic), and 0.1% of two or more races (non-Hispanic)).

The 2005 estimate listed 99,675 males and 108,112 females. The average household contained 3.69 occupants. The population density was 2,250.5 inhabitants per square mile (868.9/km2).

Of the 60,816 households, 56,247 or 92.5% were occupied: 33,832 were owner-occupied units and 22,415 were renter-occupied units. About 62.0% were married couples living together, 18.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 14.7% were not families. Around 12.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5.2% had someone living alone who was 65 or older. The average household size was 3.69, and the average family size was 4.18.

The city's population is distributed as 35.5% under the age of 18, 11.4% from 18 to 24, 29.5% from 25 to 44, 15.8% from 45 to 64, and 7.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 27 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.2 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $32,019, and for a family was $32,577. The per capita income for the city was $12,269; 29.2% of families were below the poverty line.

According to the United States Census Bureau, at a 2000 census, Laredo was the second-fastest growing city in the United States, after Las Vegas.[33]

In 2016, the violent crime rate in Laredo dropped to 379 per 100,000 inhabitants, according to AreaVibes. The violent crime rate in Dallas was 694 per 100,000 inhabitants. In Houston, it was 967 per 100,000 inhabitants.[citation needed]

## Economy

[edit]

The Walker Plaza office complex in Laredo was built in the early 1990s by the family of South Texas rancher Gene S. Walker Sr. Laredo Federal Credit Union on McPherson Road The former Cotulla Barbeque on McPherson Road at Taylor Street was closed, razed in 2012, and replaced by office buildings.

South Texas banking institutions in Laredo include Falcon International Bank, International Bank of Commerce, and Texas Community Bank.

Laredo is the largest inland port in the United States, and Nuevo Laredo the largest in Latin America. This is due to their respective locations, served by Interstate Highway 35 / Mexican Federal Highway 85, the effects of NAFTA, dozens of twin assembly plants on the Mexican side, and dozens of import export agencies to expedite trade. In January 2014, the Laredo customs district processed "$20 billion in two-way trade with Mexico", about half that for the entire US with Mexico for the month.[34] Laredo is a shopping destination for Mexican shoppers from Northern Mexico. In 2015, the San Antonio Express-News reported the number of Mexican shoppers has declined due to drug war-related violence in Nuevo Laredo.[35]

### Trade

[edit]

View across the Rio Grande at Laredo, Texas (postcard, c. 1909)

More than 47% of United States international trade headed for Mexico and more than 36% of Mexican international trade crosses through the Laredo port of entry.[36][37] Laredo's economy revolves around commercial and industrial warehousing, import, and export. As a major player in international trade, the Laredo area benefited from passage of the North American Free Trade Agreement, which has encouraged trade. The Laredo port of entry consists of four international bridges (with a proposed fifth one) crossing the Rio Grande into the Mexican states of Tamaulipas and Nuevo León.

### Retail sales

[edit]

Retail sales attract shoppers from Northern Mexico and South Texas.[38] There is one indoor shopping mall in Laredo, Mall del Norte, The Outlet Shoppes at Laredo, and another has not progressed past planning: Laredo Town Center, part of downtown redevelopment. There are dozens of shopping centers. The Streets of Laredo Urban Mall is an association created by businesses on Iturbide Street in the San Agustin historical district to beautify and renovate the area, which has a pedestrian scale.[39]

* Mall Del Norte 1,198,199 sq ft (111,316.3 m2)
* The Outlet Shoppes at Laredo[40]
* Streets of Laredo Urban Mall

### Labor market information

[edit]

As of October 2007, Laredo's labor market was in the following industries by percentage of number employed: Trade, Transportation, and Utilities (32%), Information (1%), Financial Activity (5%), Professional and Business Services (6%), Education and Health Services (15%), Leisure and Hospitality (10%), Government (23%), Mining and Construction (5%), Manufacturing (2%), and Other Services (2%).

Laredo has increased the number of nonagricultural jobs from 55,100 in January 1996 to 86,600 in October 2007. Laredo has had a higher job growth rate (2%–6.5%) than the state as a whole because of expanded international trade through NAFTA. In 2007, Laredo experienced a job growth rate of 2.5% with the unemployment rate as of October 2007, standing at 4.1% or 3,700 unemployed persons, as compared to 3.9% in Texas statewide. This is a significant drop since the mid-1990s, when Laredo's unemployment was over 15%.

Laredo has had positive job market growth since the mid-1990s; setbacks in the mining (oil/gas) industry shifted a few thousand workers to other industries such as international trade and construction. Many large employers in the oil and gas industries shut down operations in Laredo and across Texas, and shifted to foreign countries. The same effect occurred in the garment industry (Levis and Haggar) along the Texas border area. Laredo lost its only garment-producing company (Barry), costing the jobs of about 300 workers. Laredo's strong job growth rate in retail and transportation services limited the adverse effects of long-term unemployment from the few massive layoffs of the late 1990s. Laredo's success with international trade is also a vulnerability; it depends on changes to Mexico's economy, that status of immigration laws (along with daily border crossings: shoppers and commercial trade), and terrorism.[41][42]

#### Top employers

[edit]

Employer | Category | Employees

|
|

United Independent School District | Education | 6,179
Laredo Independent School District | Education | 4,500
City of Laredo | Government | 2,371
Laredo Sector Border Patrol | Immigration | 2,000
H-E-B | Grocery | 1,626
Webb County | Government | 1,500
Laredo Medical Center | Health care | 1,300
Texas A&M International University | Education | 1,215
McDonald's | Food | 1,200
Walmart | Retail | 937
Concentrix (formerly Convergys) | Call Center | 860
Doctors Hospital | Health Care | 811
International Bank of Commerce | Financial Services | 661
Stripes Convenience Stores | Retail/Convenience | 337
Laredo Energy Arena | Entertainment | 293
Falcon International Bank | Financial Services | 292

### Agriculture

[edit]

Laredo is a major center for the cattle ranching in the state.[43] Cattle here suffer from the cattle fever tick, Rhipicephalus microplus (syn. Boophilus microplus).[43] Researchers and ranchers are concerned about pyrethroid resistance developing and spreading here, as it has in nearby areas of the state and neighboring Tamaulipas state.[43] Because the situation is so severe, the main office of the country's Cattle Fever Tick Eradication Program is located here.[44] This program is operated by USDA APHIS.[44] The Deutch Strain of this tick was collected here by Davey et al., 1980 and is now a commonly used laboratory strain negative for pyrethroid resistance.[45]

## Arts and culture

[edit]

### Annual celebrations

[edit]

The Washington's Birthday Celebration,[46] a month-long event that celebrates George Washington's birthday, is the largest annual celebration of its kind in the United States, with 400,000 attendees. It was founded in 1898 by the Improved Order of Red Men, local chapter Yaqui Tribe No. 59. The first celebration was a success, and its popularity grew rapidly; in 1923, it received its state charter. In 1924, the celebration held its first colonial pageant, which featured 13 girls from Laredo, representing the 13 original colonies. The celebration includes parades, a carnival, an air show, fireworks, live concerts, and a citywide prom during which many of Laredo's elite dress in very formal attire. The related Jalapeño Festival is one of the United States' top 10 eating festivals.

Jamboozie is held in late January in downtown Laredo as part of the Washington's birthday celebrations. Similar to New Orleans' Mardi Gras, the Jamboozie is a colorful event, with many people dressed in beads, masks, and flamboyant outfits.

### Museums

[edit]

Republic of the Rio Grande Capitol Building Museum

The Republic of the Rio Grande Museum[47] is in the downtown historical district next to the historic La Posada Hotel. What was once the Capitol building now showcases memorabilia from the short lived Republic of the Rio Grande. It displays pictures, books, and furniture from the 19th century Laredo area, and offers guided tours for school-aged children and adults year-round. Because of this Republic, Laredo had flown seven flags instead of the traditional Six Flags over Texas.

The Laredo Center for the Arts[48] is located in downtown Laredo. The building houses three galleries: the Goodman Gallery, the Laredo Art League Gallery and the Lilia G. Martinez Gallery. The Center for the Arts, in the former City Hall offices known as "The Mercado", displays regional artwork and provides community events for children and adults. The Laredo Little Theater provides Laredo with live stage performances. The theater also hosts comedians.

Imaginarium of South Texas[49] (formerly Laredo Children's Museum), in Mall del Norte, provides a hands-on experience with science, technology, and art for Laredo's youth. A second museum is planned on the Texas A&M International University campus.[50]

The Nuevo Santander Museum Complex is composed of restored buildings of Fort McIntosh, a historical collection of photographs of the fort, the main guardhouse, which has World War I (1914–1918) memorabilia, and a science and technology museum.

### Planetarium

[edit]

The Lamar Bruni Vergara Science Center Planetarium[51] is on the Texas A&M International University campus. The planetarium surrounds audiences in a dome with an accurate image of the night sky showing all the motions and cycles of the Sun, Moon, planets, and constellations in the sky.

### Library

[edit]

The Joe A. Guerra Laredo Public Library at the intersection of McPherson Road and Calton Street

The Joe A. Guerra Laredo Public Library[52] was first housed on the second floor of the City Hall, now known as the Market Hall, in 1916. In 1974, the Laredo Public Library moved to the historic Bruni Plaza in downtown Laredo. In 1993, the citizens of Laredo approved the construction of a new main library at McPherson and Calton Roads, which opened on February 1, 1998.[53] The Laredo Public Library has a 60,000 sq ft (6,000 m2). main library and two branches. The main library is in central Laredo; the Bruni Plaza Branch[54] is downtown east of Washington Street, and the Santo Niño Branch is in south Laredo.[55]

Two new libraries opened in 2014, one in northwest Laredo, the Fasken Library on March 14, and another in the south sometime in July.[56]

Market Plaza and Flores Avenue, Laredo, Texas (postcard, c. 1907)

### Churches and architecture

[edit]

Main article: List of buildings in Laredo, Texas

San Agustin Cathedral Our Lady of Guadalupe Catholic Church Renovated St. Patrick's Catholic Church is on Del Mar Boulevard across from the Laredo Fire Department The First United Methodist Church near the intersection of McClelland and Guadalupe; the cornerstone from the 1916 building on Hidalgo Street downtown was moved to the current location in 1949.

Most of Laredo's architecture is of Spanish Colonial, American, and Mexican flavor. Most of Laredo's Spanish Colonial-style buildings are in downtown Laredo. More modern American architecture can be seen along Interstate Highway 35, as well as in the downtown area[57]

Our Lady of Guadalupe is an imposing structure in Romanesque Revival Lombard (North Italian) style. It was designed by Leo M. J. Dielmann of San Antonio, a popular architect of Catholic buildings, and built for a Mexican-American and Hispanic congregation in the inner city, at San Jorge Avenue and Callaghan St. Dielmann was commissioned by church authorities to design churches for similar congregations in Houston and San Antonio. He also did the San Agustin parish school, and may have had a hand in the San Agustin church, itself.[58]

Both the First United Methodist Church, in 1949, and the Christ Church Episcopal, were designed by Henry Steinbomer, a popular and prolific San Antonio architect who is credited with more than 100 churches and related buildings during the 1940s and 50s, from the Lower Rio Grande Valley mostly in South and West Texas, from the Sacred Heart Cathedral in San Angelo to Union Church in Monterrey, Mexico.[59]

Other Laredo churches include Baptist, Presbyterian, Lutheran, Assembly of God, Mormon, and nondenominational congregations.

#### National Register of Historic Places sites

[edit]

* Barrio Azteca Historic District
* Fort McIntosh
* San Agustin de Laredo Historic District
* Hamilton Hotel, architects Atlee B. Ayers and Robert Ayers, the tallest building in Laredo
* U.S. Post Office, Court House, and Custom House
* Webb County Courthouse, finished 1909 to designs in the Beaux-Arts style by renowned architect Alfred Giles

#### List of the tallest buildings

[edit]

The former Hamilton Hotel, the tallest building in Laredo Rank[60] | Building Name | Height | Floors  | Year Built

|
|
|
|

01 | Hamilton Hotel | 150 ft (46 m) | 12 | 1923
02 | San Agustin Cathedral | 141 ft (43 m) | N/A | 1872
03 | Rio Grande Plaza | – | 15 | 1975
04 | Holiday Inn Laredo | – | 14 | 1984
05 | Laredo National Bank | – | 10 | 1926
06 | Senior Citizens Home | – | 8 | –
07 | Laredo Medical Center | – | 7 | 1999
08 | Gateway Inn | – | 6 | –
09 | Rialto Hotel | – | 6 | 1925
10 | Walker Plaza | – | 5 | 1995

### Laredo in multimedia

[edit]

#### Film and television

[edit]

Streets of Laredo is a 1949 Western film starring William Holden, Macdonald Carey, and William Bendix[61] as three outlaws who rescue a young girl, played by Mona Freeman. When they become separated, two reluctantly become Texas Rangers, while the third continues on a life of crime.[62]

In 1958, ABC aired the second episode, "Ambush in Laredo", of the 17-part miniseries, Texas John Slaughter.[63]

The 1959 Western film, Gunmen from Laredo, stars Robert Knapp, Walter Coy, Paul Birch, and Ron Hayes. He winds up in prison on a false murder charge, but the marshal allows him to escape to pursue the man who killed his wife.[64]

The 1983 film Eddie Macon's Run, based on a James McLendon novel, features John Schneider as Eddie Macon, who is wrongly convicted of mostly minor crimes. While performing at a prison rodeo in Huntsville, Texas, he escapes and heads for Laredo, where he hopes to join his family in Mexico. Carl "Buster" Marzack (Kirk Douglas) is a cop in hot pursuit of Eddie. Without transportation, Eddie journeys on foot. He ends up in the woods, where he is nearly killed. He meets Jilly Buck (Lee Purcell), a bored rich girl who agrees to help him.[65]

Lone Star is a 1996 American mystery film written and directed by John Sayles and set in a small town in Texas. The ensemble cast features Chris Cooper, Kris Kristofferson, Matthew McConaughey, and Elizabeth Peña and deals with a sheriff's investigation into the murder of one of his predecessors. The movie was filmed in Del Rio, Eagle Pass, and Laredo.[citation needed]

The 2011 series, Bordertown: Laredo, is a 10-episode documentary on the Arts and Entertainment Network based on the work of the narcotics unit of the Laredo Police Department.[66]

#### Music

[edit]

Laredo has been the subject of several songs in popular culture. One of the most popular songs is the "Streets of Laredo", originally known as "A Cowboy's Lament" and written by Frank H. Maynard, who lived mostly in Colorado. It has been recorded by artists such as Johnny Cash, Marty Robbins, Waylon Jennings, John Cale, Roy Rogers, and Prefab Sprout (who also made a lyrical reference to Laredo in an early song, "Cue Fanfare"), and is even featured in a Charlie's Angels episode ("Pretty Angels all in a Row", season two, episode three). On October 28, 1958, in the episode "The Ghost" of the ABC/WB Western series, Sugarfoot, "The Streets of Laredo" is performed by child actor Tommy Rettig.[67] Another song is Laredo Tornado from the British rock band ELO.

The first song on Marty Robbins' 1966 LP The Drifter was "Meet Me Tonight in Laredo".[68]

From 1959 to 1972, the six-member singing group, The Rondels, dominated the musical scene in Laredo. Carlos Saenz Landin, the lead singer, left the group to work for the Dallas Independent School District, but years later returned to Laredo. Lead guitarist Humberto Donovan served in the United States Marine Corps. The late Roberto Alonzo played the bass guitar. Sammy Ibarra, played the keyboard and composed the song, "Lo Mucho Que Te Quiero (The More I Love You)." He subsequently became a pastor. Singer Noe Adolfo Esparza pursued a college career and became a supervisor for Southwestern Bell Telephone Company. As of 2017, he was still performing with the oldies group, Los Fabulosos in Laredo. Joe Lee Vera served in the United States Navy and played drums for The Rondels. Several of Vera's brothers were drummers too. The Rondels packed the Laredo Civic Center Auditorium. Two other songs characteristic of the group are "Ya-Ya" and "All Night Worker". With their disbanding, Juan Cisneros of Laredo recalls The Rondels "left a large void that will never be forgotten."[69]

## Sports

[edit]

### Current teams

[edit]

#### Laredo Heat

[edit]

The Laredo Heat is a United Soccer Leagues Premier Development League team. The team's home stadium is the Texas A&M International University Soccer Complex. The team was founded in 2004. In the 2006 season, the Laredo Heat finished runner-up, yet made it only to the first round of the Open Cup. In the 2007 season, the Laredo Heat were the Southern Conference champions and won the PDL championship. The Heat were on hiatus for the 2016 and 2017 seasons.[70] In November 2017, the Heat announced they will be an expansion team of the National Premier Soccer League in 2018. The Heat recently announced they will also be joining the United Premier Soccer League for the 2020 season.[71][72][73]

#### Tecolotes de los Dos Laredos

[edit]

The Tecolotes de los Dos Laredos (Owls of the Two Laredos) are a Mexican League baseball team based in Nuevo Laredo, Tamaulipas, Mexico. The team splits their home schedule between Parque la Junta in Nuevo Laredo and Uni-Trade Stadium in Laredo.[74]

### Defunct teams

[edit]

Club | Sport | League | Venue | Championships | Years Active

|
|
|
|
|

Laredo Apaches | Baseball | Texas–Louisiana League | Veterans Field  | 0  | 1995
Laredo Broncos | Baseball  | United League Baseball | Veterans Field  | 0  | 2006–2010
Laredo Bucks | Ice hockey  | Central Hockey League | Laredo Energy Arena | 2  | 2002–2012
Laredo Bucks | Ice hockey  | USA Central Hockey League | Sames Auto Arena | 0  | 2018
Laredo Honey Badgers | Indoor soccer | Professional Arena Soccer League | Laredo Energy Arena  |  | Never
Laredo Law | Arena football | AF2 | Laredo Energy Arena  | 0  | 2003–2004
Laredo Lemurs | Baseball  | AAIPB | Uni-Trade Stadium | 1  | 2012–2016
Laredo Lobos | Arena football  | AF2  | Laredo Energy Arena  | 0  | 2005–2007
Laredo Rattlesnakes | Indoor football | Lone Star Football League | Laredo Energy Arena  | 0  | 2011–2013
Laredo Roses | Women's Football | Sugar N Spice Football League | Uni-Trade Stadium  |  | 2012–2016
Laredo Swarm | Basketball | American Basketball Association | Laredo Energy Arena  |  | 2015–2017
Tecolotes de los Dos Laredos | Baseball  | Mexican Baseball League | Veterans Field  | 5  | 1985–2004
Toros de Los Dos Laredos | Basketball  | Liga Nacional de Baloncesto Profesional | Laredo Energy Arena  | 2  | 2007–2013

#### Laredo Honey Badgers

[edit]

The Laredo Honey Badgers were a proposed professional indoor soccer team that was founded in April 2013, expected to make its debut in the Professional Arena Soccer League with the 2013–2014 season. The team was to play its home games at the Laredo Energy Arena.[75][76] The official name and colors (black and chrome) of the team were decided with fan participation.[77] However, after several delays the team postponed its launch and eventually ceased operations.

#### Laredo Lemurs

[edit]

The Laredo Lemurs, a professional baseball team, played their first season in the independent American Association in 2012 with home games at Uni-Trade Stadium. They won the South Division in their inaugural season, but were eliminated in the first playoff round. The Lemurs won the league championship in 2015 but ceased operations after the 2016 season.

#### Laredo Roses

[edit]

The Laredo Roses were a professional women's full contact football team in the South Texas Sugar N Spice Football League[78] that began play in the 2012 season. The Roses played their home games at the Uni-Trade Stadium. The female players used short-shorts and half-cut jerseys during games.[79]

#### Laredo Swarm

[edit]

Laredo Swarm was a semi-professional basketball in the relaunched American Basketball Association. They started playing in 2015 in Laredo Energy Arena. The team was disbanded before the 2017–2018 season.[80]

### Stadiums and arenas

[edit]

#### Sames Auto Arena

[edit]

With the City of Laredo's approval on July 1, 2018, the SMG-managed venue signed a five-year contract with the oldest local dealership Sames Auto Group.

The Sames Auto Arena is at US 59/Loop 20 and Jacaman Road. The arena was strongly pushed to fruition by former Laredo Mayor Betty Flores and was home to the former Laredo Bucks. The 178,000-square-foot (16,500 m2), $36.5 million facility seats 8,002 people for ice hockey and arena football, and up to 10,000 for concerts. It has fourteen luxury suites, four meeting rooms and a private club for two hundred charter members. It was completed in mid-2002 through an increase in the Laredo sales tax of .25 percent. Sports that can be played in the arena include ice hockey, arena football, indoor soccer, basketball, wrestling, and boxing. The arena has hosted many events such as The Laredo Hunting and Fishing Show, Miss Texas USA, Laredo Home and Garden Show and the South Texas Collectors Exp's Comic Con. Every year, Laredo College, TAMIU, United ISD and Laredo ISD have their graduation ceremonies here. Well-known artists and bands that have performed in the arena include Lil Wayne, Rihanna, Kesha, Pitbull, Flo Rida, Shakira, Enrique Iglesias, Tool, Aerosmith, Kiss, Elton John, Styx, REO Speedwagon, ZZ Top, Lynyrd Skynyrd, Ricky Martin, George Lopez, T.I., Ludacris, Cher, Hilary Duff, Monster Jam, and WWE.

#### Uni-Trade Stadium

[edit]

The Uni-Trade Stadium is Laredo's newest baseball field. The stadium is near the Laredo Energy Arena. The project was approved by the city council and was voted in favor of (with 61.32% of the votes in favor 38.68% against) constructing it with money collected since 2004 by a .25 percent sales tax increase. There is a surplus of about $15 million.[81] The stadium was home to the Laredo Lemurs of the independent American Association from 2012 to 2016. Beginning in 2018, the Tecolotes de los Dos Laredos of the Mexican League play half of their home games at the stadium and the other half at Estadio Nuevo Laredo.[74]

#### Student Activity Complex

[edit]

Entrance to the Student Activity Complex

United Independent School District's students use the Student Activity Complex on State Highway 359 for football, soccer, and baseball. Opened in the summer of 2002, it has the city's first artificial grass stadium. The SAC was also the home of the Laredo Heat. The capacity is 8,500 spectators.

#### Texas A&M International University Soccer Complex

[edit]

Texas A&M International University Soccer Complex (also known as Dustdevil Field and TAMIU Soccer Complex) was built in 2006 and renovated in 2007. The soccer complex is on the Texas A&M International University campus. The complex has two soccer stadiums with a seating capacity of four thousand each. The Dustdevil Field is the new home stadium to the 2007 champion team Laredo Heat member of the United Soccer Leagues Premier Development League (PDL) and the TAMIU Dustdevils women and men's soccer teams member of the Lone Star Conference, NCAA Division II.[82]

#### Shirley Field

[edit]

The original Shirley Field was next to the Civic Center and R&T Martin High School on San Bernardo Avenue. It was built in 1937, along with Martin High School. Shirley Field was the location for outdoor athletics for Laredo Independent School District and also hosts the annual Border Olympics events. It seats up to about 6,000 fans with additional seating at the 2 endzones. Professional Mexican soccer teams have played various exhibition games here, noting the real grass allows for "better" soccer games. The various sports played on the stadium are football, soccer and track & field events. Major renovations are slated for this historic stadium. In November 2009 Shirley Field was demolished and was rebuilt by the 2011 football season. The total cost of the reconstruction was $12,000,000 and it now seats 8,000 fans and features artificial turf.[83]

#### Krueger Field

[edit]

Krueger Field is in north Laredo and is owned by United Independent School District. The stadium has a capacity of 5,000 and is used to play football and soccer high school games. It is home to United High School's football and soccer teams.

#### Veterans Field

[edit]

Veterans Field is a 5,000 seat baseball park which was known as West Martin Field. Major renovation is happening to update the 1950 ball park. Veterans Field was also the home to the five-time champion Mexican Baseball League team Tecolotes de los Dos Laredos from 1985 to 2003. Veterans Field is also home to the Texas A&M International University's Lone Star Conference NCAA Division II Dustdevils baseball team.

#### Laredo Civic Center

[edit]

Prior to the construction of the Laredo Energy Arena most major concerts and shows were performed at the Laredo Civic Center. The Laredo Civic Center complex has an auditorium with 1,979 seats and a banquet and exhibit hall with 1,635 seats.[84]

## Parks and recreation

[edit]

### Lake Casa Blanca

[edit]

Lake Casa Blanca International State Park,[85] on US 59/Loop 20, has a 1,680-acre (680 ha) artificial lake along with cooking out, camping, picnicking, lake swimming, skiing, boating, and mountain biking. The most popular recreational use of the lake is fishing. A boat ramp and fishing pier is available on the lake's eastern side. The lake is a popular destination for winter Texans. The park was operated by the City of Laredo and Webb County before it was acquired by the state in 1990 and opened in March 1991.

### Golf

[edit]

Laredo has three 18-hole golf courses: the Laredo Country Club,[86] the Casa Blanca Golf Course.[87] and Laredo's newest course Max A. Mandel Municipal Golf Course.[88] The Laredo Country Club is an 18-hole private course with 7,125 yards (6,515 m) of golf. The golf course has a rating of 74.6, a slope rating of 133, and has a par of 72. The country club was designed by Joseph S. Finger and was opened in 1983.[89] The Casa Blanca Golf Course is an 18-hole course with 6,590 yards (6,030 m) of golf. The golf course has a rating of 72.5, a slope rating of 125, and has a par of 72. The golf course was designed by Leon Howard and was opened in 1967.[90] The Max A. Mandel Municipal Golf Course is an 18-hole course with 7,200 yards (6,600 m) of golf. The golf course has a par of 72. The golf course was designed by Robert Trent Jones II Golf Course Architects and was opened in 2012.

### Parks, recreational centers, plazas, and baseball fields

[edit]

The City of Laredo owns eight recreational centers, thirty-four developed parks, twenty-two undeveloped parks or under construction, five baseball fields, and four plazas. The parks total area is 618 acres (2.50 km2).[91]

#### David B. Barkley Plaza

[edit]

David B. Barkley Plaza flag

A memorial honoring the forty-one Hispanic soldiers who have received the Medal of Honor was built in Laredo, Texas in 2002. The plaza was named after the only Laredo Medal of Honor recipient David B. Barkley. The David B. Barkley Plaza has a bronze statue of David B. Barkley and an American flag measuring 100 ft by 50 ft and is 308 ft tall making it the tallest flagpole in the United States.[92][93] The memorial is at 27°30′22″N 99°30′8″W﻿ / ﻿27.50611°N 99.50222°W﻿ / 27.50611; -99.50222﻿ (David B. Barkley Plaza).[94]

#### City of Laredo Shiloh Trail

[edit]

## Government

[edit]

### Municipal government

[edit]

Administrative headquarters of the Laredo Fire Department are on Del Mar Boulevard across from St. Patrick's Catholic Church.

The Laredo city government is a strong city council – weak mayor system. The mayor presides over the eight-member city council, but only votes to break a tie. City Council elections are based on single-member districts and campaigns have no party affiliations. Municipal elections are now held in November (formerly in May) of even-numbered years. The municipal government is administered by the city manager hired by the city council. All city elected offices have a four-year term and are nonpartisan though most officials have a Democratic party preference or affiliation.

City council meetings are held on Mondays and can be viewed on the public-access television cable TV channel or live online at Public Access Channel live stream.[95]

List of mayors of Laredo, Texas

Name  | Portrait  | Term start  | Term end

|
|
|

William Franklin Alexander[96] |  | 1852  | 1854
Bartolome Garcia  |  | 1855  | 1855
Santos Benavides |  | 1856  | 1856
Refugio Benavides  |  | 1857  | 1857
Bartolome Garcia  |  | 1858  | 1858
Refugio Benavides  |  | 1859  | 1859
Tomas Treviño  |  | 1860  | 1860
Juan Francisco Farias  |  | 1861  | 1861
Bartolome Garcia  |  | 1862  | 1864
Nicolas Sanchez  |  | 1865  | 1865
Agustin Salinas  |  | 1866  | 1867
Samuel M. Jarvis  |  | 1868  | 1868
Agustin Salinas  |  | 1866  | 1867
Hugh James  |  | 1874  | 1876
Atanacio Vidaurri  |  | 1877  | 1877
Rosendo Garcia  |  | 1878  | 1878
Julian Garcia  |  | 1879  | 1880
Porfirio Benavidez  |  | 1881  | 1882
Dario Sanchez  |  | 1883  | 1883
Porfirio Benavides  |  | 1884  | 1884
Dario Sanchez  |  | 1885  | 1885
E. A. Atlee  |  | 1886  | 1890
C. A. McLane  |  | 1891  | 1894
Andrew Hans Thaison  |  | 1895  | 1895
L. J. Christian  |  | 1896  | 1898
A. E. Vidaurri  |  | 1899  | 1900
Amador Sanchez  |  | 1901  | 1909
Robert McComb  |  | 1910  | 1919
L. Villegas  |  | 1920  | 1925
Albert Martin  |  | 1926  | 1939
Hugh Cluck  |  | 1940  | 1953
J. C. Martin Jr. |  | 1954  | 1977
Aldo Tatangelo |  | 1978  | 1990
Saul N. Ramirez Jr. |  | 1990  | 1997
Betty Flores |  | 1998  | 2006
Raul G. Salinas |  | 2006  | 2014
Pete Saenz |  | 2014  |

The council then named the assistant city manager, Horacio De Leon, as the acting city manager.[97][98] Robert Alexander Eads was selected as City Manager on March 4, 2020,[99]

### State and federal representation

[edit]

The United States District Court for the Southern District of Texas Laredo division is a relatively new building adjacent to the Webb County Courthouse.

The United States Border Patrol Laredo Sector Headquarters is at 207 W. Del Mar Blvd, Laredo, Texas.

The United States Postal Service operates its main Post Office at 2700 East Saunders Street south of Laredo International Airport.[100] Postal branches are downtown and at 2395 East Del Mar Boulevard.[101][102]

The Texas Army National Guard armory is at 6001 E. Bob Bullock Loop 20 Laredo, Texas.

The Colburn Memorial United States Army Reserve Center is at 1 W End Washington St, Laredo, Texas.

The Texas Department of Criminal Justice (TDCJ) operates the Laredo Parole Office.[103]

The private prison operator GEO Group runs the Rio Grande Detention Center in Laredo, which opened in 2008 and holds a maximum of 1900 federal detainees.[104]

## Education

[edit]

### Elementary and secondary

[edit]

Newman Elementary School at 1300 Alta Vista Blvd. is named for the late businessman B. P. Newman and his widow, Peggy.

Two school districts, the Laredo Independent School District and the United Independent School District, and eight private schools serve Laredo.

The Laredo Independent School District[105] (LISD) serves the areas in central Laredo. The LISD high schools are Cigarroa High School, Martin High School, J. W. Nixon High School and the Laredo Early College High School. LISD also has three magnet schools: Dr. Dennis D. Cantu Health Science Magnet School, LISD Magnet for Engineering and Technology Education, and Vidal M. Trevino School of Communications and Fine Arts.

The United Independent School District serves the rest of Laredo and northern Webb County. The UISD high schools are John B. Alexander High School, Lyndon B. Johnson High School, Laredo Early College High School, United High School, and United South High School. UISD has three magnet schools: John B. Alexander Health Science Magnet, United Engineering Magnet, and the United South Business Magnet. There are thirty-nine schools within UISD and more are under construction or development. United ISD is one of the state's fastest growing districts, serving almost forty thousand students and covering an area the physical size of Rhode Island.[citation needed]

Former downtown campus of St. Augustine Parochial School

Several private schools also serve the city:

* Saint Augustine High School, Catholic school, 9th–12th[106]
* Laredo Christian Academy, Assemblies of God, Grades PK–12th
* United Day School, PK–8th
* Mary Help of Christians School, Catholic school, PK–8th
* Blessed Sacrament School, Catholic school, PK–7th
* Our Lady of Guadalupe School, Catholic school, PK–6th
* St. Peter Memorial School, Catholic school, PK–6th
* Saint Augustine School, Catholic school, now elementary and middle, PK–8th, established 1928, enrollment 485 (2008)

The city also has several charter schools, including:

* Gateway Academy K–12

### Colleges and universities

[edit]

Laredo is home to Laredo College[107] and Texas A&M International University[108] (TAMIU). The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio[109] has a campus in Laredo.

Laredo College is a two-campus institution which offers two-year Associate's degrees. The main campus is at the western end of downtown Laredo near the Rio Grande, on the site of the former Fort McIntosh. This fort played a major role in the development of Laredo, as it protected the community from Indian raids in its early history. Several of the old buildings at the fort were converted into classrooms, but after renovation programs nearly all of the campus structures are now modern. The smaller, newer second campus, Laredo College South Campus, is in south Laredo along U. S. Route 83.

Texas A&M International University Library

Texas A&M International University, one of the member schools of the Texas A&M University System, offers bachelor's, master's, and doctoral degrees. On April 22, 2004,[110] the Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board in Austin, Texas approved Texas A&M International University to grant its first PhD in International Business Administration.[111][112] TAMIU's College of Business Administration has been named an outstanding business school in The Princeton Review's "Best 282 Business Schools", 2007 Edition, and ranked third in the nation for the category: "Greatest Opportunity for Minority Students."[113] The university's campus is in Northeast Laredo along Loop 20. The university was an extension of Texas A&I-Kingsville and later the former Laredo State University. Prior to its current location along Bob Bullock Loop 20, the university was housed with the Laredo College downtown campus.

The University of Texas Health Science Center campus is in East Laredo near U.S. Highway 59 and the Laredo Medical Center. The campus is an extension university from UTHSC in San Antonio, Texas. The university offers doctoral degrees in the medical and dental fields.

## Media

[edit]

See also: List of newspapers in Texas, List of radio stations in Texas, and List of television stations in Texas

### Newspapers

[edit]

Name | Frequency | Language | City

|
|
|

Laredo Morning Times | Daily  | English  | Laredo
LareDOS (Defunct, 2014[114])  | Monthly  | English  | Laredo
El Mañana / Laredo Sun  | Daily  | Spanish / English  | Nuevo Laredo/Laredo
El Lider Informativo | Daily  | Spanish  | Nuevo Laredo
El Diario de Nuevo Laredo | Daily  | Spanish  | Nuevo Laredo
Primera Hora | Daily  | Spanish  | Nuevo Laredo
Última Hora | Daily  | Spanish  | Nuevo Laredo

### Television

[edit]

According to Nielsen Media Research, the Laredo region (which includes Webb and Zapata counties) is ranked 185th market by population size in the United States.[115] The first station to broadcast in Laredo was KGNS in 1956, followed by KVTV in 1973, then KJTB (now KLDO) in 1985.

The only notable television network missing from Laredo's airwaves is PBS or Cozi TV. Laredo had a full-power local The CW affiliate, KGNS-DT2, but on July 3, 2014, the affiliation switched to ABC. Prior to that KJTB channel 27, from January 1985 to October 1988 was Laredo's ABC affiliate. KJTB was later bought by Entravision and affiliated the station to Telemundo and changed its callsign to KLDO. Today KLDO is affiliated to Univision. Before KJTB, KGNS, an NBC affiliate had a secondary affiliation to ABC from its founding in 1956 through KJTB's founding in 1985. On November 6, 2013, KGNS reached an agreement to add the ABC affiliation. The ABC affiliate launched in July 2014 when KGNS dropped The CW programming and added ABC programming.[116] In October 2015 KVTV now KYLX started broadcasting The CW Programming on its digital subchannel 13.2.[117]

In December 2014, all Nuevo Laredo stations turned off analog television broadcasting and started broadcasting digitally only.[118]

VC | DT | DTV | Dish | Spectrum | Callsign | Network | Resolution | City of License

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

1.1  | 23.1  |  • |  • | 98  | XHLNA | Azteca Uno | HD 1080i | Nuevo Laredo
1.2  | 23.2  |  • |  • |  • | XHLNA-TDT2 | ADN 40 | SD 480i | Nuevo Laredo
2.1  | 29.1  |  • |  • |  • | XHLAR | Las Estrellas | HD 1080i | Nuevo Laredo
3.1  | 35.1  |  • |  • |  • | XHCTNL | Imagen Televisión | HD 1080i | Nuevo Laredo
3.4  | 35.4  |  • |  • |  • | XHCTNL-TDT4 | Excélsior TV | SD 480i | Nuevo Laredo
4.1  | 25.1  |  • |  • | 14  | XHBR | Televisa Nuevo Laredo | HD 1080i | Nuevo Laredo
5.1  | 25.1  |  • |  • |  • | XHBR-TDT2 | Canal 5 | SD 480i | Nuevo Laredo
6.1  | 32.1  |  • |  • | 15  | XHNAT | Multimedios Plus | HD 720p | Nuevo Laredo
6.2  | 32.2  |  • |  • |  • | XHNAT-TDT2 | Milenio TV | SD 480i | Nuevo Laredo
6.3  | 32.3  |  • |  • |  • | XHNAT-TDT3 | Teleritmo | SD 480i | Nuevo Laredo
6.4  | 32.4  |  • |  • |  • | XHNAT-TDT4 | MVS TV | SD 480i | Nuevo Laredo
7.1  | 33.2  |  • |  • |  • | XHLAT-TDT | Azteca 7 | HD 1080i | Nuevo Laredo
7.2  | 33.9  |  • |  • |  • | XHLAT-TDT2 | a+ | SD 480i | Nuevo Laredo
8.1  | 8.3  | 8  | 8  | 10  | KGNS | NBC | HD 1080i | Laredo
8.2  | 8.4  | 12  | 15  | 9  | KGNS-DT2 | ABC | HD 720p | Laredo
8.3  | 8.5  |  • | 16  | 25  | KGNS-DT3 | Telemundo | HD 720p | Laredo
8.4  | 8.6  |  • |  • |  • | KGNS-DT4 | Ion Television | SD 480i | Laredo
8.5  | 8.7  |  • |  • |  • | KGNS-DT5 | True Crime Network | SD 480i | Laredo
8.6  | 8.8  |  • |  • |  • | KGNS-DT6 | Ion Plus | SD 480i | Laredo
10.1  | 10.1  |  • | 16  | 25  | KXNU | Telemundo | HD 720p | Laredo
10.2  | 10.2  | 13  | 13  | 6  | KXNU | CBS | SD 480p | Laredo
• |  • |  • |  • | 11  | KLRN | PBS | Analog | San Antonio
13.1  | 13.3  | 13  | 13  | 6  | KYLX | CBS | HD 1080i | Laredo
13.2  | 13.4  | 9  |  • | 19  | KYLX-LD2 | The CW | SD 480i | Laredo
15.1  | 15.1  |  • |  • |  • | KLMV | MeTV | SD 480i | Laredo
15.2  | 15.2  |  • |  • |  • | KLMV-LD2  | Estrella TV | SD 480i | Laredo
15.3  | 15.3  |  • |  • |  • | KLMV-LD3  | Movies! | SD 480i | Laredo
15.4  | 15.4  |  • |  • |  • | KLMV-LD4  | Jewelry TV | SD 480i | Laredo
17.1  | 17.1  |  • |  • | 99  | XEFE | Once TV | HD 1080i | Nuevo Laredo
27.1  | 19.1  |  • | 27  | 78.1  | KLDO | Univision | HD 1080i | Laredo
27.2  | 19.2  |  • |  • | 1248  | KLDO-DT2 | LATV | SD 480i | Laredo
27.3  | 19.3  |  • |  • |  • | KLDO-DT3 | TBD | SD 480i | Laredo
27.4  | 19.4  |  • |  • |  • | KLDO-DT4 | Stadium | SD 480i | Laredo
27.5  | 19.5  |  • |  • |  • | KLDO-DT5 | Court TV | SD 480i | Laredo
31.1  | 31.1  | 39  | 39  | 16  | KXOF | Fox / MyNet | HD 720p | Laredo
31.2  | 31.2  |  • |  • |  • | KXOF-CD2  | Grit | SD 480i | Laredo
31.3  | 31.3  |  • |  • |  • | KXOF-CD3  | Laff | SD 480i | Laredo
39.1  | 27.1  |  • |  • | 77  | KETF | Unimas | HD 720p | Laredo
39.2  | 27.2  |  • |  • |  • | KETF-CD2 | Comet | SD 480i | Laredo
39.3  | 27.3  |  • |  • |  • | KETF-CD3 | Charge! | SD 480i | Laredo
39.4  | 27.4  |  • |  • | 4  | KETF-CD4 | Azteca America | HD 720p | Laredo

### Radio

[edit]

According to Arbitron, the Laredo region (which includes Jim Hogg, Webb, and Zapata counties) is ranked 191st market by population size.[119]

#### AM radio

[edit]

Frequency | Callsign | Brand | City of License

|
|
|

530  | WPMQ285 | TxDOT HAR | Laredo
790  | XEFE | La Mera Ley  | Nuevo Laredo
890  | KVOZ | Radio Cristiana  | Laredo
960  | XEK | La Grande  | Nuevo Laredo
1000  | XENLT | Radio Formula  | Nuevo Laredo
1090  | XEWL | La Romantica  | Nuevo Laredo
1300  | KLAR | Radio Poder  | Laredo
1340  | XEBK | Mega 95.7  | Nuevo Laredo
1370  | XEGNK | Radio Mexicana  | Nuevo Laredo
1410  | XEAS | Ke Buena  | Nuevo Laredo
1490  | KLNT | Super Tejano  | Laredo
1550  | XENU | La Rancherita  | Nuevo Laredo
1610  | WQA200 | CBP Information | Laredo

##### Long range AM stations

[edit]

The following Clear Channel AM stations can be heard in Laredo:

Frequency | Callsign | Brand | City of License

|
|
|

680  | KKYX | Country Legends 680  | San Antonio
720  | KSAH | Norteño 720  | San Antonio
740  | KTRH | Newsradio 740 KTRH  | Houston
760  | KTKR | Ticket 760 AM  | San Antonio
990  | XET | La T Grande  | Monterrey
1030  | KCTA | KCTA 1030 AM  | Corpus Christi
1050  | XEG | Ranchera de Monterrey  | Monterrey
1140  | XEMR | MR Deportes  | Monterrey
1200  | WOAI | News Radio 1200  | San Antonio
1210  | KUBR | Radio Cristiana  | San Juan
1530  | KYWW | La Tremenda 1530  | Harlingen

#### FM radio

[edit]

Frequency | Callsign | Brand | Format | City of License

|
|
|
|

88.1  | KHOY | Catholic Radio  | Religious  | Laredo
88.9  | XHLDO | Radio Tamaulipas  | Public Radio  | Nuevo Laredo
89.9  | KBNL | Radio Manantial  | Spanish religious  | Laredo
91.3  | XHNOE | Stereo 91  | Spanish Contemporary  | Nuevo Laredo
92.7  | KJBZ | Z93  | Tejano  | Laredo
93.7  | "XHNLT"PR | Radio Estereo Uncion FM  | Christian Radio  | Nuevo Laredo
94.1  | XHTLN | Imagen / RMX Laredo  | Talk / Contemporary  | Nuevo Laredo
94.9  | KQUR | Digital 94.9  | Spanish Pop  | Laredo
95.3  | XHLPZ | La Traviesa  | Spanish Regional  | Lampazos
95.7  | XHBK | Mega 95.7  | Spanish Contemporary  | Nuevo Laredo
96.5  | "XHTWO"PR | Radio Two  | Norteño  | Nuevo Laredo
97.1  | XHNLO | La Caliente  | Norteño  | Nuevo Laredo
98.1  | KRRG | Big Buck Country  | Country  | Laredo
99.3  | XHNK | 40 Principales  | Top 40  | Nuevo Laredo
100.1  | none  | The Blitz  | Classic Rock and Heavy Metal  | Laredo
100.5  | KBDR | La Ley  | Tejano  | Laredo
101.5  | XHAS | Ke Buena  | Norteño  | Nuevo Laredo
102.3  | XHMW | Stereo Vida  | AC/Oldies  | Nuevo Laredo
102.9  | nonePR | La Guerrera de la Frontera  | International  | Nuevo Laredo
103.3  | nonePR | XRock  | Classic rock  | Nuevo Laredo
104.5  | nonePR | 2 Beat  | Electronica  | Nuevo Laredo
104.9  | XHNLR | Radio UAT  | University Radio  | Nuevo Laredo
105.1  | nonePR | RN Radio  | Spanish  | Nuevo Laredo
105.5  | nonePR | Mas Musica  | Spanish  | Nuevo Laredo
106.1  | KNEX | Hot 106.1  | Urban / Rhythmic Top 40  | Laredo
106.5  | nonePR | Radio Voz | Norteño  | Nuevo Laredo
107.3  | XHGTS | 107.3 Me Gusta  | Spanish Pop  | Nuevo Laredo
162.55  | WXK26 | NOAA Weather Radio | Weather  | Laredo

PR:Suspected pirate radio stations since they are not licensed with Federal Communications Commission (FCC) in the United States or COFETEL in Mexico.[120][121] Some pirate stations are suspected, due to the fact other licensed stations nearby share the same frequency, such as 106.5 Radio Voz and KMAE from nearby Bruni, Texas and 103.3 Radio 33 and XHAHU-FM from nearby Anáhuac, Nuevo León, each city less than 50 miles from Laredo.

## Infrastructure

[edit]

### Health care

[edit]

Laredo Medical Center, formerly Mercy Hospital, is the largest hospital in Laredo. Doctor's Hospital in Laredo Laredo Specialty Hospital, near the Laredo Medical Center, handles certain patients requiring long-term care.

In addition to the University of Texas Health Science Center branch, there are five other principal medical centers in Laredo: the Laredo Medical Center, Doctor's Hospital, Gateway Community Health Center, Providence Surgical & Medical Center, and the Laredo Specialty Hospital.

Doctors Hospital[122] is Laredo's second-largest medical center. The hospital complex is over 250,000 square feet (23,000 m2), with 180 licensed beds on a 58-acre (23 ha) campus. Affiliated with Universal Health Services, it is on Loop 20 in north Laredo. The Doctors Regional Cancer Treatment Center offers comprehensive cancer services.

The Providence Surgical & Medical Center[123] is an ambulatory health care center in north-central Laredo and also owned by Universal Health Services.

The Gateway Community Health Center[124] is the third-largest medical center in Laredo. The health center's main building is 64,000 square feet (5,900 m2). The Medical center moved to its new $11,000,000 building in 2006. The main Gateway Community Health Center is in East Laredo, close to U.S. Highway 59. It also has three branches in the Laredo area: the South Clinic, El Cenizo Community Center, and Quad City Community Center.

Gateway Community Health Center services include:

The Laredo Specialty Hospital[125] is the fourth-largest medical center in Laredo. It is owned by Ernest Health Inc. and was founded by Elmo Lopez Jr. on May 22, 2006. It admitted its first patient within hours of operation. The grand opening took place in March 2007.

### Transportation

[edit]

In 2016, 82.3 percent of working Laredo residents commuted by driving alone, 10.2 percent carpooled, 0.9 percent used public transportation, and 1.9 percent walked. About 2 percent of working Laredo residents commuted by all other means, including taxi, bicycle, and motorcycles. About 2.6 percent worked at home.[126]

In 2015, 6.5 percent of city of Laredo households were without a car, which decreased slightly to 5.9 percent in 2016. The national average was 8.7 percent in 2016. Laredo averaged 1.85 cars per household in 2016, compared to a national average of 1.8 per household.[127]

#### Air

[edit]

Laredo International Airport Tex-Mex Railway International Bridge view from Laredo

Laredo is served by the Laredo International Airport. Daily flights are available to Houston (George Bush Intercontinental Airport) and to Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport. Tri-weekly flights to Las Vegas, Nevada are available. After Laredo Air Force Base closed in the mid-1970s, the federal government handed over the old air force base and property to the City of Laredo for a new municipal airport. From the mid-1970s until the mid-1990s, the airport used a small terminal for passenger airline service and several old hangars for air cargo and private aircraft. A new state-of-the art passenger terminal was built along the then newly constructed Loop 20 to accommodate larger jets and to increase passenger air travel through Laredo. Expansion of air cargo facilities, taxiways and aprons, air cargo carriers such as DHL, FedEx, UPS, BAX, and others have responded by adding commercial air cargo jet services. Laredo also has two medical helipads, at Laredo Medical Center and Doctor's Hospital.

#### Mass transit

[edit]

El Metro is the public transit system that operates in the city with 21 fixed routes and Paratransit services, with approximately 4.6 million passengers per year. El Metro works with a fleet of over 47 fixed route buses, 2 trolleys and 18 Paratransit/El Lift vans. The El Metro hub is in downtown Laredo at El Metro Transit Center. The center also houses Greyhound Lines and provides fee-based daily parking for downtown shoppers and workers.

#### Rural transit

[edit]

Rural transportation is provided by the Webb County operated "El Aguila Rural Transportation" (the Eagle) bus services. El Aguila serves fixed daily routes from rural communities (Bruni, El Cenizo, Mirando City, Oilton, and Rio Bravo) to the downtown El Metro Transit Center.

#### International bridges

[edit]

## Road bridges

[edit]

Bridge  | Bridge number  | Location  | Opened  | Pedestrians  | Non-commercial vehicles  | Commercial vehicles

|
|
|
|
|
|

Gateway to the Americas International Bridge | 1  | San Agustin Historical District  | 1889/1954  | Yes  | Yes  | No
Juárez–Lincoln International Bridge | 2  | Southern terminus of Interstate 35 | 1976  | No  | Yes  | limited (e.g. buses)
Colombia-Solidarity International Bridge | 3  | Nuevo León, Mexico / Texas border  | 1992  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes
World Trade International Bridge | 4  | Northern Terminus of Loop 20,
Western terminus of Interstate 69W,
Western terminus of U.S. Highway 59 | 2000  | No  | No  | Yes

### Proposed

[edit]

Bridge  | Bridge number  | Location  | Pedestrians  | Non-commercial vehicles  | Commercial vehicles

|
|
|
|
|

Laredo 4/5 International Bridge | 5  | South of Laredo between Rio Bravo and El Cenizo | Yes  | Yes  | Yes

## Rail bridges

[edit]

Bridge  | Bridge number  | Location

|
|

Texas-Mexican Railway International Bridge (Laredo International Railway Bridge)  | 1  | Southwest Laredo, Texas
Texas-Mexican Railway International Bridge 2 (Right Next to Laredo International Railway Bridge 1) (Currently Under Construction As of April 11, 2023.)  |  | Southwest Laredo, Texas

### Proposed

[edit]

Bridge  | Bridge number  | Location

|
|

Union Pacific International Railway Bridge project | 2  | Northwest Laredo area
Laredo-Colombia International Railway Bridge 3 | 3  | Nuevo León / Texas border

#### Major highways

[edit]

Major highways in Laredo and their starting and ending points:

* Interstate 35 Laredo-Duluth
* Interstate 69W Laredo-Victoria following I-69 to Port Huron
* Interstate 2 is proposed to be extended to Laredo following US 83. If it is extended, I-2's terminus would be I-69W. It would also serve as the southern end of I-35.
* Interstate 27 is proposed to be extended to Laredo from Lubbock, Tx. following various routes till it meets with US 83. If it is extended, I-27 terminus would be I-35 at marker 18 in north Webb County.
* U.S. Highway 59 Laredo-Lancaster. Included on the I-69W corridor.
* U.S. Highway 83 Brownsville-Laredo-Westhope
* State Highway 255 Laredo-Colombia
* State Highway 359 Laredo-Skidmore
* State Loop 20 Loop around Laredo
* Farm to Market Road 1472 Laredo – Colombia Solidarity International Bridge

Major highways in Nuevo Laredo and their starting and ending points:

* Mexican Federal Highway 85 Nuevo Laredo-Mexico City
* Mexican Federal Highway 2 Matamoros-Nuevo Laredo-Colombia-Ciudad Acuña
* Tamaulipas State Highway 1 Nuevo Laredo-Monterrey
* Nuevo León State Highway Spur 1 Colombia-Anáhuac

## Notable people

[edit]

### Born in Laredo

[edit]

Tom DeLay, the Republican House Majority Leader from 2003 to 2006, was born in Laredo.

* Pedro "Pete" Astudillo, composer
* David Barkley-Cantu, first Mexican-American to be awarded the Medal of Honor
* Freddie Benavides, former professional baseball player
* Santos Benavides, Confederate States of America colonel
* Esther Buckley (1948–2013), member of the United States Commission on Civil Rights from 1983 to 1992; Laredo educator
* Kaleb Canales (born 1978), assistant coach of the Indiana Pacers of the National Basketball Association
* Quico Canseco, Republican U.S. Representative representing Texas's 23rd congressional district from 2010 to 2012
* Orlando Canizales, professional boxer, Career W 50 L 5 D 1
* Francisco G. Cigarroa, chancellor of University of Texas System
* Henry R. Cuellar, Democrat U.S. Representative from Texas's 28th congressional district since 2005, former Texas Secretary of State (2001) and state representative (1987–2001)
* Tony Dalton, actor and screenwriter
* Elizabeth De Razzo (born 1980), actress
* Tom DeLay, former U.S. Representative for Texas's 22nd congressional district, former House Majority Leader, Republican from Sugar Land, Texas
* Ramón H. Dovalina (born 1943), educator; president of Laredo Community College from 1995 to 2007
* Elma Salinas Ender (born 1953), first Hispanic woman state court judge in Texas; served on the 341st District Court from 1983 until her retirement in 2012
* Audrey Esparza (born 1986), actress
* Megan Frazee (born 1987), women's professional basketball player, (2009–)
* Betty Flores (born 1944), first woman mayor of Laredo, 1998–2006
* Alfonso Gomez-Rejon (born 1973), film and television director
* Carla Gonzalez (born 2001), professional wrestler known as Rok-C and Roxanne Perez
* Armando Hinojosa (born 1944), sculptor, designed Tejano Monument in Austin and "Among Friends There Are No Borders" at the Laredo International Airport
* Jovita Idar (1885–1946), was a Mexican-American journalist, political activist and civil rights worker, who fought for the rights of Mexican Americans and women
* John King, Professional baseball pitcher for The Texas Rangers
* Rodney Lewis (born 1954), oil and natural gas industrialist based in San Antonio
* Sebastián Ligarde (born 1954), actor
* Thomas C. Mann (1912–1999), Pointman for Latin America policy for President Lyndon Johnson.
* Jose C. "Pepe" Martin Jr. (1913–1998), mayor of Laredo from 1954 to 1978; convicted federal felon popularly known as el patron
* César A. Martínez (born 1944), artist, prominent in the Chicano world of art
* Carlos Mercado (born 1999), soccer player[128]
* Alicia Dickerson Montemayor, Democratic political activist and educator
* Amado Maurilio Peña Jr. (born 1943), American visual artist and art educator
* Federico Peña, former mayor of Denver, former U.S. Secretary of Transportation, and former U.S. Secretary of Energy, Democrat
* William Merriweather Peña (1919–2018), architect
* Roel Ramírez (born 1995), professional baseball player
* Ana Rodriguez, Miss USA finalist, finished third runner up, 2011
* Johnny Rodriguez, Tex-Mex Country singer
* Pete Saenz (born 1951), mayor of Laredo since November 12, 2014; former trustee of Laredo Community College and Laredo lawyer
* Poncho Sanchez (born 1951), conga player, Latin jazz bandmaster & salsa singer
* Antonio R. "Tony" Sanchez Jr., oilman and banker, 2002 Democratic nominee for governor of Texas
* Edgar Valdez Villarreal (born 1973), nicknamed La Barbie, Mexican-American drug lord and former leader of Los Negros[129]
* Kathleen King von Alvensleben, architect
* Peggy Webber (born 1925), actress
* Jack Wheeler (1944–2010), co-founder of the Vietnam Veterans Memorial Fund; aide to U.S. Presidents Reagan, George H.W. Bush, and George W. Bush
* Judith Zaffirini (born 1946), First Latina elected to the Texas State Senate.

### Other notable people

[edit]

* Steve Asmussen (born 1965), horse breeder who won three legs of the Triple Crown
* Norma Elia Cantú (born 1947), Chicana postmodernist writer and a professor of English at the University of Texas at San Antonio
* Thomas Haden Church, actor in film Sideways and sitcom Wings
* Edmund J. Davis (1827–1883), governor of Texas from 1869 to 1873; resided in Laredo during parts of the 1850s
* Ned Kock, information systems professor affiliated with Texas A&M International University
* Jack Lanza, ex-professional wrestler, now WWE producer
* Juan L. Maldonado (born 1948), sixth president of Laredo Community College
* Saul N. Ramirez Jr., mayor of Laredo from 1990 to 1998
* Richard Peña Raymond, state representative from Webb County since 2001; previously represented Duval County
* Jerry D. Thompson (born 1943), historian affiliated with Texas A&M International University
* Jeremy Vuolo, (born 1987), is an American former soccer player for Major League Soccer and the North American Soccer League.
* Robert G. Whitehead (1916–2007), businessman/artist who marketed "Blue Star" first-aid ointment
* Roger L. Worsley (born 1937), president of Laredo Community College, 1985 to 1995

## Sister cities

[edit]

During the month of July, Laredo sponsors the Laredo International Sister Cities Festival, which was founded in 2003. The festival is an international business, trade, tourism, and cultural expo. All of Laredo's sister cities are invited to participate. In 2004, the Laredo International Sister Cities Festival received the best overall Program award from the Sister Cities International.[130]

Laredo's sister cities are:[131]

* Acámbaro, Mexico (2004)
* Campeche, Mexico
* Cerralvo, Mexico
* Chenzhou, China (2001)
* Ciénega de Flores, Mexico (1987)
* Ciudad Valles, Mexico
* La Cruz, Costa Rica
* Cuernavaca, Mexico
* General Escobedo, Mexico
* General Terán, Mexico
* Guadalajara, Mexico
* Guadalupe, Mexico (2000)
* Los Herreras, Mexico
* Hutt, New Zealand
* Jerez, Mexico (1987)
* Lampazos de Naranjo, Mexico (2000)
* Laredo, Spain (1978)
* Lázaro Cárdenas, Mexico
* León, Mexico
* Mexticacán, Mexico (2002)
* Monclova, Mexico (2003)
* Montemorelos, Mexico
* Murray Bridge, Australia (1984)
* Nuevo Laredo, Mexico (1986)
* Papantla, Mexico
* San Antonio de Areco, Argentina
* San Miguel de Allende, Mexico (2001)
* Tainan, Taiwan
* Tepatitlán de Morelos, Mexico
* Tijuana, Mexico
* Tlahualilo, Mexico (1988)
* Tonalá, Mexico
* Torreón, Mexico 2004)
* Veracruz, Mexico (1992)
* Wenzhou, China
* Wuwei, China (2004)
* Zixing, China (2002)

## See also

[edit]

* Geography portal
* North America portal
* United States portal
* Texas portal

* Laredo–Nuevo Laredo
* Nuevo Laredo
* Webb County, Texas

## Notes

[edit]

1. ^ 1931–32, 1949–50, 2012–13, 2014–15 and 2015–16.
2. ^ Mean monthly maxima and minima (i.e. the expected highest and lowest temperature readings at any point during the year or given month) calculated based on data at said location from 1991 to 2020.
3. ^ Records for Laredo observed at:[23]
* Fort McIntosh, Texas from November 15, 1902-December 31, 1931
* Laredo City Weather Bureau Office (precipitation only), January 1932-February 1944
* Two differing locations, March 1944-December 2009
* Laredo International Airport since January 2010

## References

[edit]

1. ^ "Dr. Victor D. Treviño Mayor Term December 2022 to November 2026". City of Laredo. January 3, 2022.
2. ^ "Democratic Party who filed for the March 2020 primary elections". www.kgns.tv. December 10, 2019. Retrieved March 26, 2020.
3. ^ "Government". City of Laredo. Retrieved April 29, 2022.
4. ^ "2019 U.S. Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved August 7, 2020.
5. ^ "List of 2020 Census Urban Areas". census.gov. United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 7, 2023.
6. ^ "Total Gross Domestic Product for Laredo, TX (MSA)". Federal Reserve Economic Data. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis.
7. ^ a b "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 31, 2008.
8. ^ "US Board on Geographic Names". United States Geological Survey. October 25, 2007. Retrieved January 31, 2008.
9. ^ "QuickFacts: Laredo city, Texas". Census.gov. United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 7, 2023.
10. ^ "World Gazetteer: America – largest cities (per geographical entity)". Archived from the original on October 1, 2007.
11. ^ "P2: HISPANIC OR LATINO, AND NOT HISPANIC OR LATINO BY RACE". 2020 Census. United States Census Bureau. Retrieved October 10, 2021.
12. ^ "Events – WBCA". Retrieved April 22, 2025.
13. ^ "Aldo Amato, "Plaza Theater: Future Glory Eyed: Investors willing to give it another try", Laredo Morning Times, April 9, 2014, p. 1
14. ^ Laredo Origin Archived August 3, 2007, at the Wayback Machine
15. ^ "Laredo Origin". Archived from the original on May 17, 2011.
16. ^ Julia Wallace (August 27, 2018). "Operator needed for historic Plaza Theater after unanimous vote by the Laredo City Council". Laredo Morning Times. Retrieved August 30, 2018.
17. ^ Martinez, Norma; Terrazas, Lauren; Morgan, Jack (April 13, 2019). "Cellist Yo-Yo Ma Plays Bach in Shadow of Border Crossing". NPR News. Retrieved April 14, 2019.
18. ^ Jackson, Amanda (April 14, 2019). "Cellist Yo-Yo Ma plays a concert at a US-Mexico border crossing to make a point". CNN. Retrieved April 16, 2019.
19. ^ "Boundary Map of Laredo, Texas". MapTechnica. Archived from the original on January 4, 2017. Retrieved January 4, 2017.
20. ^ a b c d "NOWData – NOAA Online Weather Data". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved July 15, 2020.
21. ^ a b "U.S. Climate Normals Quick Access – Station: Laredo 2, TX". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved June 15, 2023.
22. ^ Trewartha, Glenn Thomas (1961). The Earth's Problem Climates. pp. 67–68, 71–72.
23. ^ "Threaded Extremes". threadex.rcc-acis.org.
24. ^ "Decennial Census of Population and Housing". The United States Census Bureau.
25. ^ "Texas Almanac: City Population History 1850–2000" (PDF). Texasalmanac.com. Retrieved August 27, 2017.
26. ^ "Population Estimates: City and Town Totals: Vintage 2012". Archived from the original on June 1, 2013. Retrieved May 21, 2013.
27. ^ "Population and Housing Unit Estimates". Retrieved May 21, 2020.
28. ^ "P004: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2000: DEC Summary File 1 – Laredo city, Texas". United States Census Bureau.
29. ^ "P2: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2010: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Laredo city, Texas". United States Census Bureau.
30. ^ "P2: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Laredo city, Texas". United States Census Bureau.
31. ^ "American FactFinder – Community Facts". factfinder.census.gov. U.S. Census. Archived from the original on February 11, 2020. Retrieved August 27, 2017.
32. ^ "U.S. Census Bureau Estimate for the Laredo, Texas Metropolitan Area in 2006". Census.gov. Retrieved August 27, 2017.[permanent dead link]
33. ^ Julia Wallace (May 28, 2016). "Laredo named one of the safest cities for drivers". The Laredo Morning Times. Retrieved June 10, 2016.
34. ^ Aguilar, Julian (March 13, 2014). "In Laredo, a Quiet Symbol of Closer Ties With Mexico". The New York Times. Retrieved June 5, 2015. "The South Texas city houses America's busiest inland port. In January alone, the Laredo customs district saw about $20 billion in two-way trade with Mexico, according to WorldCity, a Florida-based company that uses census data to track trade patterns. That figure represented about half of the $41 billion that the United States saw in overall trading with its southern neighbor for the month."
"The City of Laredo Transfers Ownership of World Trade Bridge to GSA". United States General Services Administration. March 13, 2014. Retrieved June 5, 2015. "Since its inception the World Trade Bridge Port of Entry has become the busiest commercial port on the southwest border."
35. ^ MacCormack, John (September 22, 2012). "Laredo's image hammered by drug violence". San Antonio Express-News. Retrieved June 5, 2015.
36. ^ "National report lists Laredo as largest inland port" Archived May 14, 2006, at the Wayback Machine, Laredo Morning Times
37. ^ "Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas "Southwest Economy "". Dallasfed.org. Archived from the original on September 27, 2007. Retrieved August 27, 2017.
38. ^ "Shopping Demographics in the Laredo Area" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on September 28, 2007.
39. ^ "LareDOS Article "Streets of Laredo Urban Mall". Archived from the original on October 6, 2007.
40. ^ Kendra Ablaza, "Official confirms 31 stores: Opening set for 2016, Laredo Morning Times, July 9, 2015, pp. 1, 12A
41. ^ "Laredo Labor Market, South Texas Workforce Commission". Archived from the original on June 28, 2008.
42. ^ "Texas Metro Market Overview: Laredo: Labor page 14" (PDF). Recenter.tamu.edu. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 3, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2017.
43. ^ a b c This review Showler, Allan; Leon, Adalberto; Saelao, Perot (2021). "Biosurveillance and Research Needs Involving Area-Wide Systematic Active Sampling to Enhance Integrated Cattle Fever Tick (Ixodida: Ixodidae) Eradication". Journal of Medical Entomology. 58 (4). Oxford University Press (OUP) (Entomological Society of America (ESA)): 1601–1609\. doi:10.1093/jme/tjab051. ISSN 0022-2585. PMID 33822110. S2CID 233036282. cites this study Thomas, Donald; Klafke, Guilherme; Busch, Joseph; Olafson, Pia; Miller, Robert; Mosqueda, Juan; Stone, Nathan; Scoles, Glen; Wagner, David; Leon, Adalberto (2020). "Tracking the Increase of Acaricide Resistance in an Invasive Population of Cattle Fever Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) and Implementation of Real-Time PCR Assays to Rapidly Genotype Resistance Mutations". Annals of the Entomological Society of America. 113 (4). Oxford University Press (OUP) (Entomological Society of America (ESA)): 298–309\. doi:10.1093/aesa/saz053. ISSN 0013-8746. S2CID 216254066.
44. ^ a b "Cattle Fever Tick Situation Report". Texas A&M AgriLife. Retrieved December 5, 2022.
45. ^ This review Kumar, Rinesh; Sharma, Anil; Ghosh, Srikant (2020). "Menace of acaricide resistance in cattle tick, Rhipicephalus microplus in India: Status and possible mitigation strategies". Veterinary Parasitology. 278. Elsevier B.V. (American Association of Veterinary Parasitologists (AAVP) & European Veterinary Parasitology College (EVPC) & World Association for the Advancement of Veterinary Parasitology (WAAVP): 108993. doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2019.108993. PMID 31954273. S2CID 210715482. 108993. cites this study Klafke, Guilherme; Miller, Robert; Tidwell, Jason; Thomas, Donald; Sanchez, Daniela; Arroyo, Teresa; Leon, Adalberto (2019). "High-resolution melt (HRM) analysis for detection of SNPs associated with pyrethroid resistance in the southern cattle fever tick, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Acari: Ixodidae)". International Journal for Parasitology: Drugs and Drug Resistance. 9. Australian Society for Parasitology (ASP) (Elsevier): 100–111\. doi:10.1016/j.ijpddr.2019.03.001. ISSN 2211-3207. PMC 6423475. PMID 30889438.
46. ^ "121st Washington's Birthday Celebration". Wbcalaredo.org. Retrieved August 27, 2017.
47. ^ "Republic of the Rio Grande Museum Home Page". Webbheritage.org. Archived from the original on February 1, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2017.
48. ^ "laredocenter4thearts". laredocenter4thearts. Retrieved August 27, 2017.
49. ^ "Imaginarium of South Texas – Links". Imaginariumstx.org. Retrieved August 27, 2017.
50. ^ "Second Imaginarium Museum on TAMIU Campus". Gyroscopeinc.com. Archived from the original on June 28, 2010. Retrieved August 27, 2017.
51. ^ The Lamar Bruni Vergara Science Center Planetarium Home Page Archived December 30, 2006, at the Wayback Machine
52. ^ "Home". Laredolibrary.org. Retrieved August 27, 2017.
53. ^ Judith Rayo (July 22, 2016). "Laredo Public Library renamed after former city councilman". The Laredo Morning Times. Retrieved July 24, 2016.
54. ^ "Laredo Public Library Bruni Branch". Archived from the original on August 4, 2007.
55. ^ "Laredo Public Library Santo Niño Branch". Archived from the original on August 10, 2007.
56. ^ Bragg, Valerie. "UPDATE: Two new libraries coming to Laredo". Kgns.tv. Archived from the original on August 28, 2017. Retrieved August 27, 2017.
57. ^ ROBINSON, WILLARD B. (June 12, 2010). "CHURCH ARCHITECTURE". Tshaonline.org. Retrieved August 27, 2017.
58. ^ "A Guide to the Leo M. J. Dielmann Papers, Drawings, and Photographs, 1847–1961". Lib.utexas.edu. Retrieved August 27, 2017.
59. ^ KENDALL, DOROTHY STEINBOMER (June 15, 2010). "STEINBOMER, HENRY JOHN". Tshaonline.org. Retrieved August 27, 2017.
60. ^ "Laredo | Buildings | EMPORIS". Emporis. Archived from the original on September 29, 2007.
61. ^ José David Saldívar, The Dialectics of Our America: Genealogy, Cultural Critique, and Literary History (Duke University Press, 1991), 52.
62. ^ ""Laredo" on Tales of Wells Fargo, December 23, 1957". Internet Movie Database. Retrieved February 7, 2013.
63. ^ "Texas John Slaughter: "Ambush at Laredo", November 14, 1958". Internet Movie Database. Retrieved December 6, 2012.
64. ^ "Gunmen from Laredo (1959)". Internet Movie Database. Retrieved December 6, 2012.
65. ^ Hal Erickson (2013). "Eddie Macon's Run (1983)". Movies & TV Dept. The New York Times. Archived from the original on October 24, 2013. Retrieved August 5, 2014.
66. ^ "Bordertown: Laredo". aetv.com. Retrieved December 6, 2012.
67. ^ "The Ghost". Classic Television Archives. Retrieved December 11, 2013.
68. ^ "Marty Robbins - The Drifter". Discogs. 1966.
69. ^ Juan Cisneros (February 25, 2017). "Writer: The Rondels were top musical group of the 60s". Laredo Morning Times. Retrieved March 1, 2017.
70. ^ Scavuzzo, Diane (December 1, 2015). "SABBATICAL FOR PDL'S LAREDO HEAT". goalnation.com. Archived from the original on March 18, 2018. Retrieved March 18, 2018.
71. ^ "Heat SC Joins the UPSL". UPSL.com. December 3, 2019. Retrieved December 3, 2019.
72. ^ Davis, Zach (November 28, 2017). "Heat SC returning to Laredo in 2018". lmtonline.com. Retrieved March 17, 2018.
73. ^ "LAREDO HEAT SOCCER CLUB JOINS THE NPSL". npsl.com. November 28, 2017. Archived from the original on March 18, 2018. Retrieved March 18, 2018.
74. ^ a b Spedden, Zach (November 21, 2017). "Laredo Approves Deal With Tecolotes Dos Laredos". Ballpark Digest. August Publications. Retrieved November 21, 2017.
75. ^ Bailey, Ryan (April 18, 2013). "Indoor Soccer Coming to Laredo". Laredo, Texas: KGNS-TV. Archived from the original on October 29, 2013. Retrieved May 28, 2013.
76. ^ "Professional Arena Soccer League Coming to Laredo Energy Arena". Professional Arena Soccer League. April 18, 2013. Archived from the original on May 15, 2013. Retrieved May 28, 2013.
77. ^ "Indoor Soccer Coming to Laredo". Laredo, Texas: KGNS-TV. May 18, 2013. Archived from the original on October 29, 2013. Retrieved May 28, 2013.
78. ^ "SSFL News". Archived from the original on February 1, 2015. Retrieved June 17, 2015.
79. ^ "Laredo Roses". Archived from the original on November 17, 2015.
80. ^ Davis, Zach (October 19, 2017). "Swarm will not return this year". lmtonline.com. Retrieved March 18, 2018.
81. ^ "Laredo Morning Times; Webb County Vote Totals". Lmtonline.com. Retrieved August 27, 2017.
82. ^ Laredo Morning Times article; Laredoans of the Year; LMT names sports leaders Shashi and Priya Vaswani (renovation of the TAMIU Soccer Complex) Archived November 2, 2011, at the Wayback Machine
83. ^ "Local". kgns.tv. Archived from the original on March 2, 2012.
84. ^ "Laredo Civic Center". Archived from the original on August 8, 2007.
85. ^ "Lake Casa Blanca International State Park". Tpwd.state.tx.us. Texas Parks and Wildlife Department. Retrieved August 27, 2017.
86. ^ "Laredo Country Club Website". Memberstatements.com. Archived from the original on March 3, 2016. Retrieved August 27, 2017.
87. ^ "ラクトフェリンはライオンがオススメの理由". Casablancagolfcourse.com. Retrieved August 27, 2017.
88. ^ "Max A. Mandel Municipal Golf Course". Themaxlaredo.com. Retrieved August 27, 2017.
89. ^ "Laredo Country Club, Laredo, TX". GolfLink. Retrieved August 27, 2017.
90. ^ "Casa Blanca Golf Course, Laredo, TX". GolfLink. Retrieved August 27, 2017.
91. ^ "Parks & Recreation Department". Archived from the original on May 2, 2008.
92. ^ Laredo Morning Times; Monument to medal holders unveiled early Archived July 26, 2011, at the Wayback Machine
93. ^ "Modern Steel Construction" (PDF). Modernsteel.com. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 18, 2010. Retrieved August 27, 2017.
94. ^ "US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990". United States Census Bureau. February 12, 2011. Retrieved April 23, 2011.
95. ^ "City of Laredo Government". Archived from the original on May 2, 2011.
96. ^ "History of Laredo Mayors" (PDF). City of Laredo. Retrieved June 28, 2016.
97. ^ Julia Wallace (May 16, 2017). "In fallout from FBI raids, Laredo city manager announces retirement". Laredo Morning Times. Retrieved May 17, 2017.
98. ^ Julia Wallace (May 2017). "Laredo mayor calls city manager's retirement 'convenient for both sides'". Laredo Morning Times. Retrieved May 18, 2017.
99. ^ "Ray Garner resgns as LPD chief". Laredo Morning Times. March 24, 2017. Retrieved March 31, 2017.
100. ^ "Post Office Location – LAREDO Archived 14 July 2010 at the Wayback Machine." United States Postal Service. Retrieved May 21, 2010.
101. ^ "Post Office Location – DEL MAR Archived 13 July 2010 at the Wayback Machine." United States Postal Service. Retrieved May 21, 2010.
102. ^ "Post Office Location – EL CENTRO Archived 14 July 2010 at the Wayback Machine." United States Postal Service. Retrieved May 21, 2010.
103. ^ "Parole Division Region IV Archived 4 September 2011 at the Wayback Machine." Texas Department of Criminal Justice. Retrieved May 21, 2010.
104. ^ "Rio Grande Detention Center". GEO Group. Archived from the original on July 22, 2016. Retrieved July 30, 2016.
105. ^ "Home – Laredo Independent School District". Laredoisd.org. Archived from the original on August 27, 2017. Retrieved August 27, 2017.
106. ^ "St. Augustine High School – St. Augustine High School". St-augustine.org. Retrieved August 27, 2017.
107. ^ "Laredo Community College". www.laredo.edu. Archived from the original on August 5, 2012.
108. ^ King, Rory. "TAMIU Home". Tamiu.edu. Retrieved August 27, 2017.
109. ^ "UT Health San Antonio – Regional Campus Laredo". laredo.uthscsa.edu. Archived from the original on March 1, 2020. Retrieved June 3, 2020.
110. ^ "Texas A&M International University". Tamiu.edu. Archived from the original on August 28, 2017. Retrieved August 27, 2017.
111. ^ "Texas A&M; International University - College of Business Administration Ph.D. International Business Administration". Archived from the original on September 7, 2008. Retrieved June 17, 2015.
112. ^ "Texas A&M International University". Tamiu.edu. Archived from the original on August 28, 2017. Retrieved August 27, 2017.
113. ^ "Fast Facts". Tamiu.edu. Retrieved August 27, 2017.
114. ^ MacCormack, John (October 6, 2014). "Sharp-penned watchdog in Laredo calls it quits". San Antonio Express-News. Hearst. Retrieved September 28, 2015.
115. ^ "Nielson: Local Television Market Universe Estimates" (PDF). Nielsen.com. Retrieved August 27, 2017.
116. ^ Gray to Air ABC on KGNS Subchannel TVNewsCheck, November 6, 2013.
117. ^ "Gray Expands Its Partnership with The CW Network". www.prnewswire.com (Press release). Gray Television, Inc. Retrieved April 18, 2018.
118. ^ "¿Cuándo me toca? | Televisión Digital Terrestre". Archived from the original on March 14, 2014. Retrieved November 14, 2013.
119. ^ "This content is blocked. Contact the site owner to fix the issue". Arbitron. Archived from the original on April 14, 2011. Retrieved October 19, 2010.
120. ^ "Infraestructura de Estaciones de Radio FM" [FM Radio Station Infrastructure] (in Spanish). Dirección General Adjunta de Trámites y Servicios de la Unidad de Sistemas de Radio y Televisión. September 12, 2012. Archived from the original on June 30, 2014.
121. ^ "FM Query Results". Federal Communications Commission. Archived from the original on January 19, 2016. Retrieved June 19, 2015.
122. ^ "Doctor's Hospital Of Laredo Homepage". Archived from the original on September 28, 2007.
123. ^ "Providence Surgical & Medical Center". Archived from the original on February 6, 2012.
124. ^ "Gateway Community Health Center". Archived from the original on June 17, 2015.
125. ^ "LSH – We are passionate, patient caregivers". lsh.ernesthealth.com. Retrieved August 27, 2017.
126. ^ "Means of Transportation to Work by Age". Census Reporter. Retrieved May 6, 2018.
127. ^ "Car Ownership in U.S. Cities Data and Map". Governing. December 9, 2014. Retrieved May 4, 2018.
128. ^ Mack, Jason (March 10, 2025). "Mercado's journey from Laredo to MLS continues with new Orlando City deal". Laredo Morning Times. Retrieved April 13, 2025.
129. ^ "Mexico orders Laredo-born drug lord 'La Barbie' extradited to US". Laredo Sun. Agence France-Presse. Archived from the original on December 14, 2010. Retrieved November 22, 2010.
130. ^ "visitlaredo.com Laredo International Sister Cities Festival". Archived from the original on June 3, 2008.
131. ^ "Sister Cities". cityoflaredo.com. City of Laredo. Retrieved October 26, 2020.

## Bibliography

[edit]

See also: Bibliography of the history of Laredo, Texas

## External links

[edit]

Laredo, Texas at Wikipedia's sister projects

* Definitions from Wiktionary
* Media from Commons
* News from Wikinews
* Quotations from Wikiquote
* Texts from Wikisource
* Textbooks from Wikibooks
* Resources from Wikiversity
* Travel information from Wikivoyage

* City of Laredo Homepage
* Laredo Chamber of Commerce
* Laredo Convention and Visitors Bureau
* Laredo Development Foundation
* Laredo, Texas from the Handbook of Texas Online
* Laredo History provided by the City Of Laredo
* Historic Photos from the Laredo Public Library hosted by the Portal to Texas History

* v
* t
* e

City of Laredo

Nicknames: Gateway City , City Under Seven Flags

Attractions|

* Republic of the Rio Grande Museum
* Laredo Water Museum
* Imaginarium of South Texas
* Washington's Birthday Celebration
* Lamar Bruni Vergara Planetarium
* Lamar Bruni Vergara Environmental Science Center
* Sames Auto Arena

Sports|

* Uni-Trade Stadium
* PEG Energy Stadium
* Veterans Field
* Student Activity Complex
* Texas A&M International University Soccer Complex
* Laredo Heat
* Laredo Lemurs(defunct)

Business|

* Falcon International Bank
* International Bank of Commerce
* Laredo National Bank(defunct)
* Mall del Norte
* The Outlet Shoppes at Laredo
* Taco Palenque

History|

* Timeline
* Cathedral of San Agustin
* Don Tomás Sánchez
* Colonel Santos Benavides
* Battle of Laredo
* Fort McIntosh
* Laredo Air Force Base
* Republic of the Rio Grande
* San Agustin de Laredo Historic District
* Flag of Laredo, Texas
* Flag of the Republic of the Rio Grande

Geography|

* Chacon Creek
* Lake Casa Blanca
* Rio Grande
* San Ildefonso Creek
* San Ygnacio Creek
* Santa Isabel Creek
* Sombrerillito Creek
* Zacate Creek

Education|

| Tertiary|

* Laredo College
* Texas A&M International University
* The University of Texas Education and Research Center at Laredo

|

K-12|

* Laredo ISD
* Dr. Leonides G. Cigarroa HS
* Joseph W. Nixon HS
* Raymond & Tirza Martin HS
* Dr. Dennis D. Cantu Health Science Magnet
* Vidal M. Treviño Sch of Communications and Fine Arts
* Lara FS Academy

* United ISD
* John B. Alexander HS
* Lyndon B. Johnson HS
* United HS
* United South HS

Mass media|

| Newspapers|

English

Laredo Morning Times
LareDOS(defunct)
Zapata Times

Spanish

El Diario de Nuevo Laredo
El Mañana
Primera Hora
Última Hora

|

Television|

* XHLNA Azteca Uno–HD 1.1
* XHLNA-TDT2 ADN 1.2
* XHLAR Las Estrellas–HD 2.1
* XHCTNL Imagen TV–HD 3.1
* XHCTNL Excelsiór TV 3.4
* XHBR Las Estrellas–HD 4.1
* XHBR Canal 5 5.1
* XHNAT Multimedios–HD 6.1
* XHNAT-TDT2 Milenio TV 6.2
* XHNAT-TDT3 Teleritmo 6.3
* XHNAT-TDT4 MVS 6.4
* XHLAT Azteca 7–HD 7.1
* XHLAT a+ 7.2
* KGNS NBC–HD 8.1
* KGNS-DT2 ABC–HD 8.2
* KGNS-DT3 Telemundo–HD 8.3
* KGNS-DT5 TCN 8.5
* KXNU-LD Telemundo–HD 10.1
* KYLX CBS–HD 13.1
* KYLX-LD2 CW 13.2
* KLMV MeTV 15.1
* KLMV-LD2 Estrella TVs 15.2
* KLMV-LD3 Movies! 15.3
* KLMV-LD4 JTV 15.4
* XEFE Televisa local 17.1
* KLDO Univision–HD 27.1
* KLDO-DT2 LATV 27.2
* KLDO-DT3 TBD 27.3
* KLDO-DT4 Stadium 27.4
* KLDO-DT5 Court TV 27.5
* KXOF-CD Fox–HD 31.1
* KXOF-CD2 Grit 31.2
* KXOF-CD3 Laff 31.3
* KETF-CD UniMás–HD 39.1
* KETF-CD2 Comet 39.2
* KETF-CD3 Charge! 39.3
* KETF-CD4 Azteca America–HD 39.4

Radio|

790 XEFE
890 KVOZ
960 XEK
1000 XENLT
1090 XEWL
1300 KLAR
1340 XEBK
1370 XEGNK
1410 XEAS
1490 KLNT
1550 XENU

88.1 KHOY
88.9 XHLDO
89.9 KBNL
91.3 XHNOE
92.7 KJBZ
94.1 XHTLN
94.9 KQUR
95.7 XHBK
97.1 XHNLO
98.1 KRRG
99.3 XHNK
101.5 XHAS
102.3 XHMW
103.3 XHAHU
104.9 XHNLR
106.1 KNEX
106.5 La Tremenda
107.3 XHGTS

Transportation|

| International
bridges|

* Gateway to the Americas International Bridge
* Juárez–Lincoln International Bridge
* Texas Mexican Railway International Bridge
* World Trade International Bridge
* Laredo–Colombia Solidarity International Bridge

|

Highways|

* I-35
* I-35 Bus.
* I-69W
* Proposed I-2
* Proposed I-27
* US 59
* Bus. US 59-Z
* US 83
* SH 255
* SH 359
* Loop 20
* Spur 260
* Spur 400
* FM 1472
* FM 3338
* San Isidro Parkway

Transit|

* El Metro Transit
* El Aguila

Airport|

* Laredo International Airport

Neighborhoods|

* El Barrio Azteca
* Downtown
* Nye
* San Agustin de Laredo Historic District

Category Commons

* v
* t
* e

County seats of Texas

* Abilene
* Albany
* Alice
* Alpine
* Amarillo
* Anahuac
* Anderson
* Andrews
* Angleton
* Anson
* Archer City
* Aspermont
* Athens
* Austin

* Baird
* Ballinger
* Bandera
* Bastrop
* Bay City
* Beaumont
* Beeville
* Bellville
* Belton
* Benjamin
* Big Lake
* Big Spring
* Boerne
* Bonham
* Boston
* Brackettville
* Brady
* Breckenridge
* Brenham
* Brownfield
* Brownsville
* Brownwood
* Bryan
* Burnet

* Caldwell
* Cameron
* Canadian
* Canton
* Canyon
* Carrizo Springs
* Carthage
* Center
* Centerville
* Channing
* Childress
* Clarendon
* Clarksville
* Claude
* Cleburne
* Coldspring
* Coleman
* Colorado City
* Columbus
* Comanche
* Conroe
* Cooper
* Corpus Christi
* Corsicana
* Cotulla
* Crane
* Crockett
* Crosbyton
* Crowell
* Crystal City
* Cuero

* Daingerfield
* Dalhart
* Dallas
* Decatur
* Del Rio
* Denton
* Dickens
* Dimmitt
* Dumas

* Eagle Pass
* Eastland
* Edinburg
* Edna
* El Paso
* Eldorado
* Emory

* Fairfield
* Falfurrias
* Farwell
* Floresville
* Floydada
* Fort Davis
* Fort Stockton
* Fort Worth
* Franklin
* Fredericksburg

* Gail
* Gainesville
* Galveston
* Garden City
* Gatesville
* George West
* Georgetown
* Giddings
* Gilmer
* Glen Rose
* Goldthwaite
* Goliad
* Gonzales
* Graham
* Granbury
* Greenville
* Groesbeck
* Groveton
* Guthrie

* Hallettsville
* Hamilton
* Haskell
* Hebbronville
* Hemphill
* Hempstead
* Henderson
* Henrietta
* Hereford
* Hillsboro
* Hondo
* Houston
* Huntsville

* Jacksboro
* Jasper
* Jayton
* Jefferson
* Johnson City
* Jourdanton
* Junction

* Karnes City
* Kaufman
* Kermit
* Kerrville
* Kingsville
* Kountze

* La Grange
* Lamesa
* Lampasas
* Laredo
* Leakey
* Levelland
* Liberty
* Linden
* Lipscomb
* Littlefield
* Livingston
* Llano
* Lockhart
* Longview
* Lubbock
* Lufkin

* Madisonville
* Marfa
* Marlin
* Marshall
* Mason
* Matador
* McKinney
* Memphis
* Menard
* Mentone
* Meridian
* Mertzon
* Miami
* Midland
* Monahans
* Montague
* Morton
* Mount Pleasant
* Mount Vernon
* Muleshoe

* Nacogdoches
* New Braunfels
* Newton

* Odessa
* Orange
* Ozona

* Paducah
* Paint Rock
* Palestine
* Palo Pinto
* Pampa
* Panhandle
* Paris
* Pearsall
* Pecos
* Perryton
* Pittsburg
* Plains
* Plainview
* Port Lavaca
* Post

* Quanah
* Quitman

* Rankin
* Raymondville
* Refugio
* Richmond
* Rio Grande City
* Robert Lee
* Roby
* Rockport
* Rocksprings
* Rockwall
* Rusk

* San Angelo
* San Antonio
* San Augustine
* San Diego
* San Marcos
* San Saba
* Sanderson
* Sarita
* Seguin
* Seminole
* Seymour
* Sherman
* Sierra Blanca
* Silverton
* Sinton
* Snyder
* Sonora
* Spearman
* Stanton
* Stephenville
* Sterling City
* Stinnett
* Stratford
* Sulphur Springs
* Sweetwater

* Tahoka
* Throckmorton
* Tilden
* Tulia
* Tyler

* Uvalde

* Van Horn
* Vega
* Vernon
* Victoria

* Waco
* Waxahachie
* Weatherford
* Wellington
* Wharton
* Wheeler
* Wichita Falls
* Woodville

* Zapata

* v
* t
* e

Municipalities and communities of Webb County, Texas, United States

County seat: Laredo

Cities|

* El Cenizo
* Laredo
* Rio Bravo

Webb County map

CDPs|

* Aguilares
* Bonanza Hills
* Botines
* Bruni
* Colorado Acres
* Four Points
* Hillside Acres
* La Coma
* La Moca Ranch
* La Presa
* Laredo Ranchettes
* Laredo Ranchettes West
* Las Haciendas
* Las Pilas
* Los Altos
* Los Arcos
* Los Centenarios
* Los Corralitos
* Los Fresnos
* Los Huisaches
* Los Minerales
* Los Nopalitos
* Los Veteranos I
* Los Veteranos II
* Mirando City
* Oilton
* Pueblo East
* Pueblo Nuevo
* Ranchitos East
* Ranchitos Las Lomas
* Ranchos Penitas West
* San Carlos I
* San Carlos II
* Sunset Acres
* Tanquecitos South Acres
* Tanquecitos South Acres II
* Valle Verde

Other
communities|

* Callaghan
* Dolores
* Las Tiendas
* Old Milwaukee East Colonia
* Old Milwaukee West Colonia
* Webb

Ghost towns|

* Apache Ranch
* Darwin
* Islitas
* Los Ojuelos
* Pescadito
* Santo Tomás

* Texas portal
* United States portal

* v
* t
* e

Laredo Community College Presidents

* W. J. Adkins (1947–1960)
* Ray A. Laird (1960–1974)
* Domingo Arechiga (1974–1985)
* Roger L. Worsley (1985–1995)
* Ramón H. Dovalina (1995–2007)
* Juan L. Maldonado (2007–2016)
* Ricardo Solis (2016–2021)
* Minita Ramirez (2022 - )

* v
* t
* e

The 100 most populous cities of the United States

|  |

1. New York, New York
2. Los Angeles, California
3. Chicago, Illinois
4. Houston, Texas
5. Phoenix, Arizona
6. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
7. San Antonio, Texas
8. San Diego, California
9. Dallas, Texas
10. Jacksonville, Florida
11. Fort Worth, Texas
12. San Jose, California
13. Austin, Texas
14. Charlotte, North Carolina
15. Columbus, Ohio
16. Indianapolis, Indiana
17. San Francisco, California
18. Seattle, Washington
19. Denver, Colorado
20. Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
21. Nashville, Tennessee
22. Washington, D.C.
23. El Paso, Texas
24. Las Vegas, Nevada
25. Boston, Massachusetts

26. Detroit, Michigan
27. Louisville, Kentucky
28. Portland, Oregon
29. Memphis, Tennessee
30. Baltimore, Maryland
31. Milwaukee, Wisconsin
32. Albuquerque, New Mexico
33. Tucson, Arizona
34. Fresno, California
35. Sacramento, California
36. Atlanta, Georgia
37. Mesa, Arizona
38. Kansas City, Missouri
39. Raleigh, North Carolina
40. Colorado Springs, Colorado
41. Omaha, Nebraska
42. Miami, Florida
43. Virginia Beach, Virginia
44. Long Beach, California
45. Oakland, California
46. Minneapolis, Minnesota
47. Bakersfield, California
48. Tulsa, Oklahoma
49. Tampa, Florida
50. Arlington, Texas

51. Aurora, Colorado
52. Wichita, Kansas
53. Cleveland, Ohio
54. New Orleans, Louisiana
55. Henderson, Nevada
56. Honolulu, Hawaii
57. Anaheim, California
58. Orlando, Florida
59. Lexington, Kentucky
60. Stockton, California
61. Riverside, California
62. Irvine, California
63. Corpus Christi, Texas
64. Newark, New Jersey
65. Santa Ana, California
66. Cincinnati, Ohio
67. Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
68. Saint Paul, Minnesota
69. Greensboro, North Carolina
70. Jersey City, New Jersey
71. Durham, North Carolina
72. Lincoln, Nebraska
73. North Las Vegas, Nevada
74. Plano, Texas
75. Anchorage, Alaska

76. Gilbert, Arizona
77. Madison, Wisconsin
78. Reno, Nevada
79. Chandler, Arizona
80. St. Louis, Missouri
81. Chula Vista, California
82. Buffalo, New York
83. Fort Wayne, Indiana
84. Lubbock, Texas
85. St. Petersburg, Florida
86. Toledo, Ohio
87. Laredo, Texas
88. Port St. Lucie, Florida
89. Glendale, Arizona
90. Irving, Texas
91. Winston-Salem, North Carolina
92. Chesapeake, Virginia
93. Garland, Texas
94. Scottsdale, Arizona
95. Boise, Idaho
96. Hialeah, Florida
97. Frisco, Texas
98. Richmond, Virginia
99. Cape Coral, Florida
100. Norfolk, Virginia

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Cities ranked by United States Census Bureau population estimates for July 1, 2024.

Authority control databases

International|

* VIAF
* WorldCat

National|

* United States
* Czech Republic
* Israel

Geographic|

* MusicBrainz area

Other|

* NARA

*[Pop.]: Population
*[±%]: Percent change
*[c.]: circa
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