Lavras

For the type of monastery, see Lavra.

Municipality in Southeast, Brazil

Lavras

Municipality

Municipality of Lavras

From the top, from left to right: Igreja de Matriz Sant'Ana of Lavras, Dr. Augusto Silva Square, Municipal park, Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA) and Igreja de Nossa Senhora do Rosário.

Flag

Coat of arms

Etymology: Mining and tillage
Nickname(s):

Cidade dos Ipês e das Escolas ("City of the Ipês and Schools")

Anthem: Hino do município de Lavras

Location of Lavras

Coordinates: 21°14′42″S 45°00′00″W﻿ / ﻿21.24500°S 45.00000°W﻿ / -21.24500; -45.00000
Country|  Brazil
Region| Southeast
State|  Minas Gerais
Mesoregion| Campo das Vertentes
Founded| 1729
Town rights| 1831
Government

• Mayor| Jussara Menicucci de Oliveira (PSD)
Area

• Total

| 564.495 km2 (217.953 sq mi)
Elevation

| 919 m (3,015 ft)
Population

(2022 est.)[1]

• Total

| 104,761
• Density| 190/km2 (480/sq mi)
Demonym| lavrense
Time zone| UTC−3 (BRT)
Postal Code|

37200-000

Area code| (+55) 35
Website| lavras.mg.gov.br

Lavras is a municipality in southern Minas Gerais state, Brazil. Located at an altitude of 919 m, it has a population of 104,761 inhabitants (2022).[1] The area of the municipality is 564,495 km2. The average annual temperature is 19.6°C and the average annual rainfall is 1,511 millimetres.

Located in the Green Valley and Waterfalls tourist circuit, it is also near the Waters circuit – a series of spas in the state of São Paulo and Minas Gerais — and the Inconfidentes Trail circuit – a historical region of Minas. Lavras is connected by highway to the state capital, Belo Horizonte (237 km), to São Paulo (379 km), and Rio de Janeiro (423 km).[2]

## Geography

[edit]

According to IBGE (2017), the municipality belongs to the Immediate Geographic Region of Lavras and the Intermediate Geographic Region of Varginha.[3]

### Ecclesiastical circumscription

[edit]

The municipality is part of the Roman Catholic Diocese of São João del-Rei.[4]

### Climate

[edit]

Lavras has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen: Cwa) characterized by rainy summers and warm, dry winters.

Climate data for Lavras (1991–2020)

Month  | Jan  | Feb  | Mar  | Apr  | May  | Jun  | Jul  | Aug  | Sep  | Oct  | Nov  | Dec  | Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)  | 29.0
(84.2)  | 29.5
(85.1)  | 28.8
(83.8)  | 27.8
(82.0)  | 25.3
(77.5)  | 24.6
(76.3)  | 25.0
(77.0)  | 26.8
(80.2)  | 28.1
(82.6)  | 28.8
(83.8)  | 28.0
(82.4)  | 28.6
(83.5)  | 27.5
(81.5)
Daily mean °C (°F)  | 22.8
(73.0)  | 23.0
(73.4)  | 22.4
(72.3)  | 21.1
(70.0)  | 18.3
(64.9)  | 17.2
(63.0)  | 17.2
(63.0)  | 18.7
(65.7)  | 20.5
(68.9)  | 21.9
(71.4)  | 21.8
(71.2)  | 22.5
(72.5)  | 20.6
(69.1)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)  | 18.6
(65.5)  | 18.4
(65.1)  | 18.0
(64.4)  | 16.5
(61.7)  | 13.6
(56.5)  | 12.1
(53.8)  | 11.5
(52.7)  | 12.4
(54.3)  | 14.6
(58.3)  | 16.7
(62.1)  | 17.4
(63.3)  | 18.3
(64.9)  | 15.7
(60.3)
Average precipitation mm (inches)  | 292.4
(11.51)  | 178.2
(7.02)  | 162.2
(6.39)  | 54.6
(2.15)  | 43.3
(1.70)  | 19.8
(0.78)  | 9.5
(0.37)  | 15.1
(0.59)  | 55.1
(2.17)  | 101.0
(3.98)  | 192.4
(7.57)  | 259.8
(10.23)  | 1,383.4
(54.46)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 16.6  | 11.6  | 11.9  | 5.6  | 3.2  | 2.3  | 1.5  | 1.8  | 5.4  | 8.7  | 13.4  | 17.2  | 99.2
Average relative humidity (%)  | 76.4  | 74.5  | 76.2  | 73.4  | 73.9  | 72.5  | 66.9  | 60.5  | 61.3  | 66.2  | 73.7  | 76.7  | 71.0
Average dew point °C (°F)  | 19.1
(66.4)  | 19.0
(66.2)  | 18.7
(65.7)  | 17.2
(63.0)  | 14.7
(58.5)  | 13.4
(56.1)  | 12.3
(54.1)  | 12.2
(54.0)  | 13.8
(56.8)  | 16.1
(61.0)  | 17.5
(63.5)  | 18.9
(66.0)  | 16.1
(61.0)
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 181.6  | 192.3  | 197.6  | 222.5  | 211.9  | 214.6  | 237.3  | 252.6  | 219.1  | 206.9  | 177.9  | 174.2  | 2,488.5
Source: NOAA[5]

## History

[edit]

Population growthYear| Pop.| ±% p.a.

|
|

1760 | 1,000| —
1813 | 10,612| +4.56%
1834 | 11,322| +0.31%
1854 | 14,203[6]| +1.14%
1864 | 18,709| +2.79%
1872 | 31,813[7]| +6.86%
1890 | 24,756| −1.38%
1900 | 38,685| +4.56%
1920 | 42,859[8]| +0.51%
1940 | 42,187[9]| −0.08%
1950 | 27,364[10]| −4.24%
1960 | 37,262| +3.14%
1970 | 44,449[11]| +1.78%
1980 | 52,710| +1.72%
1991 | 65,893| +2.05%
2000 | 78,772| +2.00%
2010 | 92,171| +1.58%
2022 | 104,761| +1.07%

### Early settlement

[edit]

The settlements on the Campos de Sant'Ana das Lavras do Funil dated from the first half of the 18th century, founded in 1729.[12] The first inhabitants were the Paulista family of Francisco Bueno da Fonseca (c. 1670–1752), leader of a revolt against a Portuguese judge in São Paulo in 1712.[13] Bueno da Fonseca, his sons and other explorers, settled in the rivers Capivari and Grande region by 1720[14] or 1721,[15] where they were engaged in the search for gold and in the opening of new roads to the Goiás mines. In 1737 the explorers receive from the Governor Martinho de Mendonça an allotment letter confirming their region occupation, which grew through agriculture and livestock.

On June 18, 1759, Bartolomeu Bueno do Prado, Anhangüera's grandson and Francisco Bueno da Fonseca's son-in-law, left the village heading 400 men, summoned from the entire Minas Gerais captaincy, to disrupt the quilombo confederation of Campo Grande. The influence of captain Bueno da Fonseca's family contributed to the village's rapid growing. In 1760 they managed to change the parish seat from Carrancas, as Lavras do Funil already had 1,000 inhabitants, twice more than the former.[16] In 1813 the village was elevated to freguesia, detaching itself from Carrancas. That time, Lavras had 6 chapels and a population of 10,612 souls.

### 19th century

[edit]

On the Imperial period, Lavras obtained its political and administrative emancipation, becoming a municipality in 1831 and city in 1868, when there was a change in municipal toponymic from "Lavras do Funil" to "Lavras".[17] In 1832 the inspector Manuel Custódio Neto reported to the municipal chamber that the town consisted of 245 buildings and there was no pavement on its streets. The only public buildings where the parish church, and the Rosário and Mercês chapels. Lavras had three private primary schools, with a total of 62 students.[12] According to the 1834 census, Lavras had 11,322 inhabitants.[18]

One of the most significant events of this period was the Liberal Revolution of 1842. For just over a month, between June 14 and July 22, liberals and conservatives kept their barracks in Sant'Ana main square, current Praça Dr. Augusto Silva. The defeated liberals fled or were arrested, subsequently amnestied by the imperial government.[18]

### Golden Age

[edit]

The late nineteenth century and early twentieth century was a time of rapid development in Lavras. On December 18, 1880, it was inaugurated the 208 km river navigation between the Ribeirão Vermelho port (Lavras) and Capetinga port (municipality of Piumhi), made by steamboat "Dr. Jorge". On April 14, 1888, the Estrada de Ferro Oeste de Minas inaugurated the first station in Ribeirão Vermelho, and, on April 1, 1895, Lavras' city station is inaugurated. Later, in 1911, a tramway was opened, and so Lavras was one of the few cities in Brazilian interior to have this transportation system.[19]

After the Proclamation of the Republic, Lavras established itself as a major regional center of Minas Gerais, being the birthplace of Francisco Salles, an important politician of the Old Republic. At this time, several colleges were created, such as the Evangelical Institute (founded in 1892 by Samuel Rhea Gammon), the College of Our Lady of Lourdes (founded in 1900 by nuns of the Congregation of the Auxiliary Sisters of Our Lady of Mercy), the Lavras School Group (founded in 1907 by Professor Firmino Costa) and the Agricultural School of Lavras (founded in 1908). The quality its education made Lavras to become known as "the city of ipês and schools", a slogan created by journalist Jorge Duarte.[20]

### Social and political changes

[edit]

Local demographics has been modified with the arrival of many immigrants, representing 1.9% of the population according to Census 1920: the municipality had a total of 806 foreigners, of which 380 were Italian, 189 were Portuguese, 166 Lebanese, 28 Spaniards, 20 Americans, 12 Austrians, five French, two Russians, one Uruguayan and three of undetermined nationality.[21]

The 1920s represented a slowdown in Lavras progress, partly caused by the intense political dispute promoted by two distinct groups: the Mineiro Republican Party, under the new direction of Italian doctor Paulo Menicucci, was favorable to the candidacy of Artur Bernardes to the Presidency and Raul Soares to the Presidency of Minas Gerais; and dissidents, led by Colonel Pedro Sales, supported the respective opposition candidacies of Nilo Peçanha and Francisco Sales. This dispute became known as between "Doves and Hawks": Doves because of effeminate psychasthenics tics attributed to Bernardes, and Hawks for associating the cleverness, the cunning spirit, and, of course, as one of the little dove predators.[18] Such local clash lasted until the following decade, when it was eclipsed by the new national political order – the Estado Novo.

It was in the mid-twentieth century that Lavras constituted its current geographic boundaries. In its administrative division for the year 1933, the municipality was formed by eight districts: Lavras, Carrancas, Ijaci (formerly Conceição do Rio Grande), Ingaí, Itumirim (formerly Rosário), Itutinga (formerly Santo Antônio da Ponte Nova), Luminárias (Nossa Senhora do Carmo das Luminárias) and Ribeirão Vermelho. The municipality has experienced political and administrative separation in 1938, 1943, 1948 and 1962, when their old districts became newly created neighboring municipalities and is currently composed of single district, the urban agglomeration's city.[22]

### Progress and stagnation

[edit]

Bocaina mountains

On the populist period during the Fourth Republic, Lavras development was signaled by new links with major centers: firstly, it was the inauguration of air transport line, that existed between 1947 and 1960;[23][24] secondly was the Lavras-Fernão Dias patch opening to road traffic in 1962. Another aspect of progress was the inauguration of the Itutinga hydroelectric power plant in 1955, which increased electricity production and stimulated industrial growth in the city, through the expansion of existing plants and setting up new ventures.

Lavras, in the 1950s, passed by one of its moments of greatest cultural, artistic and sporting wealth thanks to civic associations such as the Lavras Friends Society (Sal) and Lavrense Society of Artistic Culture (Solca). Chroniclers of the time remember several initiatives such as balls, competitions, exhibitions, educational events, theatrical performances, music recitals and poetry, friendly football tournaments and also the formation of a public library and a city museum.[18]

In the early 1960s, while the country experienced a period of serious institutional crises, Lavras suffered a series of attacks made by a pyromaniac, in which several historical houses were consumed by the flames. In this context, in 1962 the local authorities decided the Municipal Theatre demolition, sealing the end of civic organizations and city's cultural decay. This decline was exacerbated in 1963 by the newspaper A Gazeta disappearance – the only printed weekly at the time – and almost closing of the Agricultural School of Lavras, which was federalized.[25] Other signs of visible social degradation were the collapse of the Rosary church walls in 1965, rebuilt only in 1970,[16] and the end of the tramway in 1967.

The 1960s and 1970s represented profound changes in Lavras social composition. On one hand, there was the growth of urban areas due to rural exodus; on the other, it was noted that the city's population growth was below the national average, caused by the phenomenon of internal migration: as Lavras being economically stagnant, many of its children have moved to other centers looking for better opportunities. Another sign of the municipality weakening was the lack of political representation, which would be broken fourteen years later with the election of Maurício Souza Pádua to the Legislative Assembly of Minas Gerais in 1983.

### New millennium

[edit]

On the eve of the 21st century, Lavras resumed its development path, being currently one of the most prosperous cities in the region, claiming in 2010 the second highest HDI in southern Minas Gerais.[26] This progress is the result of a number of factors, mainly: the installation of the industrial district, which has brought several factories, such as COFAP, inaugurated in February 1988, generating many jobs;[27] the transformation of ESAL into the Federal University of Lavras, in December 1994,[28] whose recent expansion brought thousands of students from other regions of Brazil;[29][30] and the construction of the Funil Hydroelectric Plant in 2002, which changed the countryside by the dam's formed lake.

Nevertheless, this development has also generated new problems in Lavras, such as drug trafficking and increased violence: from 2000–2002 to 2010–2012, the number of homicides caused by firearms increased from 4 to 18.[31][32] Another problem seen today is a major dispute between rival political groups,[33] dividing the city with intensity not seen since the 1920s.

## Economy

[edit]

As 2013, Lavras gross domestic product is R$2,058,203,000, or R$20,965 per capita. Of the GDP, agriculture corresponds to 2.7%, industry to 20.4%, services to 65.3%, while taxes are 11.6%.[34]

### Agriculture and livestock

[edit]

Lavras agricultural sector stands out especially for the production of coffee and milk, despite the presence of other crops and beef cattle breeding. The production data in 2014 according to the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics:[35]

Permanent farming  | Value (R$ 103)  | Area (ha)  | Production (t)  | Yield (t/ha)

|
|
|
|

Banana | 120  | 10  | 120  | 12
Coffee  | 36,098  | 4,610  | 4,979  | 1.08
Grape | 25  | 1  | 7  | 7
Guava | 160  | 7  | 84  | 12
Orange  | 347  | 43  | 559  | 13
Passion fruit | 47  | 3  | 36  | 12
Peach | 25  | 1  | 13  | 13
Temporary farming  | Value (R$ 103)  | Area (ha)  | Production (t)  | Yield (t/ha)

|
|
|
|

Bean | 1,230  | 1,000  | 820  | 0.82
Cassava | 54  | 5  | 90  | 18
Corn  | 9,720  | 4,000  | 21,600  | 5,400
Soybean | 1,181  | 450  | 1,125  | 2.5
Sugarcane | 275  | 43  | 3,440  | 80
Tomato | 190  | 4  | 200  | 50
Animal products  | Value (R$ 103)  | Production

|
|

Fish | 54  | 9,000 kg
Honey | 196  | 28,000 kg
Chicken egg | 29,958  | 7,490,000 doz
Quail egg | 6,019  | 7,524,000 doz
Livestock (Animals amount)  Bovinae | Cows | Galliformes | Chicken | Quail | Equinae | Goat | Sheep | Swine

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

27,440 | 6,890 | 912,540 | 389,687 | 387,851 | 1,500 | 100 | 550 | 8,500

## Education

[edit]

Universidade Federal de Lavras

In 2012, Lavras had 31 preschool, 37 primary schools, 16 secondary schools and 3 special education centers. There were 18,671 students and 1,127 teachers. Lavras has also 9 higher education universities and faculties.[36]

| Preschool | Primary schools  | Secondary schools

|
|
|

Schools  | Teachers  | Student  | Schools  | Teachers  | Student  | Schools  | Teachers  | Student
Municipal School  | 21  | 89  | 1721  | 18  | 305  | 6234  | 0  | 0  | 0
State School  | 0  | 0  | 0  | 8  | 193  | 3671  | 7  | 160  | 3008
Private School  | 10  | 44  | 456  | 11  | 207  | 2394  | 9  | 129  | 1187
Total | 31 | 133 | 2177 | 37 | 705 | 12299 | 16 | 289 | 4195
Ministério da Educação, Instituto Nacional de Estudos e Pesquisas Educacionais – INEP – Censo Educacional 2012.

### Federal University of Lavras

[edit]

Lavras has one of Brazil's top universities, the Federal University of Lavras. Founded in 1908 it is well known in Brazil and abroad for its courses in agronomy and veterinary science. There are 6,090 undergraduate students and 2,059 on postgraduate programs.[37]

## Transport

[edit]

Lavras was a station on the Estrada de Ferro Oeste de Minas, a narrow gauge railway.

## Sports

[edit]

Lavras is home of Fabril Esporte Clube, a football club that achieved minor success during the 1980s in Minas Gerais state championship. Some famous athletes were born in Lavras, as the Brazil national football team defenders Alemão and Caçapa and the Bronze medal Olympic winner volleyball player Ana Paula Henkel.

## See also

[edit]

* List of municipalities in Minas Gerais

## References

[edit]

1. ^ a b "Consulte a população da sua cidade". 2022. Retrieved June 28, 2023. "2022 Estimates of Population"
2. ^ "Calculadora". Distância entre Cidades. Retrieved January 17, 2016.
3. ^ "Divisões Regionais do Brasil | IBGE". www.ibge.gov.br. Retrieved February 19, 2023.
4. ^ Silveira, Lucas. "Diocese ganha novo mapa territorial após criação de novas foranias". Diocese de São João del Rei. Retrieved February 19, 2023.
5. ^ "World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991-2020 — Lavras". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved January 31, 2024.
6. ^ In 1841, the districts of Três Pontas, Varginha and Campos Gerais were separated from Lavras, to create the municipality of Três Pontas. In 1842, the district of São Thomé das Letras was transferred to the municipality of Baependi.
7. ^ In 1866, the district of Boa Esperança was emancipated.
8. ^ In 1911, the districts of Nepomuceno and Perdões were emancipated.
9. ^ In 1938, the district of Carrancas was transferred to the municipality of Francisco Sales, nowadays, São Vicente de Minas.
10. ^ In 1943, the districts of Itumirim, Ingaí, Itutinga and Luminárias were separated from Lavras, to create the municipality of Itumirim. In 1948, the district of Ribeirão Vermelho was emancipated.
11. ^ In 1962, the district of Ijaci was emancipated.
12. ^ a b Costa, Firmino (1911). "História de Lavras". Revista do Arquivo Público Mineiro (in Portuguese). 16. Belo Horizonte: Imprensa Oficial de Minas Gerais: 130–131. Retrieved January 17, 2016.
13. ^ Németh-Torres, Geovani (2012). De Parnaíba às Lavras do Funil: Subsídios para a História das Origens de Lavras (e-book) (in Portuguese). Lavras: Geovani Németh-Torres. ISBN 978-85-911368-2-7. Retrieved January 17, 2016.
14. ^ Saint-Adolphe, J. C. Milliet de (1845). Diccionario Geographico, Historico e Descriptivo, do Imperio do Brazil (in Portuguese). Vol. 1\. Paris: J. P. Aillaud. pp. 556–557. Retrieved January 17, 2016.
15. ^ São Paulo, Arquivo do Estado de (1896). "Descendência de Amador Bueno de Ribeira". Publicação Oficial de Documentos Interessantes para a História e Costumes de São Paulo (in Portuguese). 4. São Paulo: Companhia Industrial de São Paulo: 27–33. Retrieved January 17, 2016.
16. ^ a b Németh-Torres, Geovani (2010). Os 250 Anos da Paróquia de Sant'Ana: Uma História da Igreja Católica em Lavras (in Portuguese). Lavras: Geovani Németh-Torres. ISBN 978-85-911368-0-3. Retrieved January 17, 2016.
17. ^ Provincial Law No. 1510, July 20, 1868.
18. ^ a b c d Vilela, Marcio Salviano (2007). A Formação Histórica dos Campos de Sant'Ana das Lavras do Funil (in Portuguese). Lavras: Indi.
19. ^ Morrison, Allen (April 8, 2012). "The Tramways of Lavras, Minas Gerais state, Brazil". Urban Transport in Latin America. Retrieved January 17, 2016.
20. ^ Duarte, Jorge (August 24, 1941). "Lavras, Terra dos Ipês e das Escolas" (in Portuguese). Lavras: A Gazeta.
21. ^ Brasil (1926). Recenseamento do Brazil: realizado em 1 de setembro de 1920, população (PDF) (in Portuguese). Vol. 4–1\. Rio de Janeiro: Typographia da Estatística. p. 685. Retrieved January 17, 2016.
22. ^ IBGE (1959). "Lavras". Enciclopédia dos Municípios Brasileiros (PDF) (in Portuguese). Vol. 25\. Rio de Janeiro: IBGE. pp. 443–450. Retrieved January 17, 2016.
23. ^ Németh-Torres, Geovani (2011). A Atenas Mineira: Capítulos Histórico-Culturais de Lavras (in Portuguese). Lavras: Geovani Németh-Torres. ISBN 978-85-911368-1-0. Retrieved January 17, 2016.
24. ^ Aeroclube de Lavras. "História" (in Portuguese). Retrieved January 17, 2016.
25. ^ Federal Law No. 4,307, December 23, 1963. Federaliza a Escola Superior de Agricultura de Lavras (ESAL) e dá outras providências (in Portuguese)
26. ^ Programa das Nações Unidas para o Desenvolvimento (PNUD) (2010). "Ranking do IDH-M dos municípios do Brasil" (PDF). Atlas do Desenvolvimento Humano (in Portuguese). Retrieved January 17, 2016.
27. ^ Rodrigues, Alberto da Silva (2002). Gerenciamento eletrônico de documentos: estudo de caso na Magneti Marelli Cofap – Lavras/MG (Monograph) (in Portuguese). Lavras: UFLA. p. 32. Retrieved January 17, 2016.
28. ^ Federal Law No. 8,956, December 15, 1994. Dispõe sobre a transformação da Escola Superior de Lavras em Universidade Federal de Lavras e dá outras providências. (in Portuguese)
29. ^ Between 1991 and 2010, enrollment in undergraduate higher education in Lavras jumped from 3,066 to 8,366. INEP (2010). "Série Histórica por Município: Número de Cursos, Matrículas, Concluintes, Vagas Oferecidas, Candidatos Inscritos e Ingressos – 1991 a 2010" (Excel). Sinopses Estatísticas da Educação Superior – Graduação (in Portuguese). Retrieved January 17, 2016.
30. ^ In the first semester of 2015, only 20% of students who entered the UFLA were from Lavras. Alvim, Ana Eliza (March 12, 2015). "PAS e SiSU: UFLA já recebeu, neste semestre, estudantes de 19 estados e do Distrito Federal". UFLA (in Portuguese). Lavras. ASCOM. Retrieved January 17, 2016.
31. ^ Monteiro, Maria Gabriela; Santa Rosa, Idael Christiano A.; Lopes, Maria Cristina Godinho; Faria, Valdeir Martins de (September 17, 2004). "Estudo da mortalidade por causas externas em Lavras, MG" (PDF). XIII Congresso dos Pós-Graduandos da UFLA (in Portuguese). Lavras: UFLA. Retrieved January 17, 2016.
32. ^ Brasil (2015). "Tabelas com a totalidade dos municípios". Mapa da Violência (in Portuguese). Retrieved January 17, 2016.
33. ^ Tribunal Regional Eleitoral de Minas Gerais (January 30, 2014). "Corte confirma cassação do prefeito de Lavras" (in Portuguese). Retrieved January 17, 2016.
34. ^ IBGE (2013). Minas Gerais » Lavras » produto interno bruto dos municípios. (in Portuguese)
35. ^ IBGE (2014). Minas Gerais » Lavras » informações completas. (in Portuguese)
36. ^ IBGE (2012). Minas Gerais » Lavras » ensino – matrículas, docentes e rede escolar.(in Portuguese)
37. ^ Universidade Federal de Lavras. Homepage.

## External links

[edit]

* Prefeitura de Lavras
* Universidade Federal de Lavras
* Centro Universitário de Lavras
* History of Lavras

* v
* t
* e

Municipalities of Minas Gerais

Capital: Belo Horizonte

Intermediate Geographic Region of Barbacena

| Barbacena|

* Alfredo Vasconcelos
* Alto Rio Doce
* Antônio Carlos
* Barbacena
* Barroso
* Cipotânea
* Desterro do Melo
* Dores de Campos
* Ibertioga
* Ressaquinha
* Santa Bárbara do Tugúrio
* Santa Rita de Ibitipoca
* Santana do Garambéu
* Senhora dos Remédios

|

Conselheiro Lafaiete|

* Belo Vale
* Capela Nova
* Caranaíba
* Carandaí
* Casa Grande
* Catas Altas da Noruega
* Congonhas
* Conselheiro Lafaiete
* Cristiano Otoni
* Desterro de Entre Rios
* Entre Rios de Minas
* Itaverava
* Jeceaba
* Lamim
* Ouro Branco
* Piranga
* Queluzito
* Rio Espera
* Santana dos Montes
* São Brás do Suaçuí
* Senhora de Oliveira

São João del-Rei|

* Conceição da Barra de Minas
* Coronel Xavier Chaves
* Lagoa Dourada
* Madre de Deus de Minas
* Nazareno
* Piedade do Rio Grande
* Prados
* Resende Costa
* Ritápolis
* Santa Cruz de Minas
* São João del-Rei
* São Tiago
* Tiradentes

Intermediate Geographic Region of Belo Horizonte

| Belo Horizonte|

* Belo Horizonte
* Betim
* Brumadinho
* Caeté
* Confins
* Contagem
* Esmeraldas
* Florestal
* Ibirité
* Igarapé
* Jaboticatubas
* Juatuba
* Lagoa Santa
* Mário Campos
* Mateus Leme
* Moeda
* Nova Lima
* Nova União
* Pedro Leopoldo
* Raposos
* Ribeirão das Neves
* Rio Acima
* Sabará
* Santa Luzia
* São Joaquim de Bicas
* São José da Lapa
* Sarzedo
* Taquaraçu de Minas
* Vespasiano

|

Sete Lagoas|

* Araçaí
* Baldim
* Cachoeira da Prata
* Caetanópolis
* Capim Branco
* Conceição do Mato Dentro
* Congonhas do Norte
* Cordisburgo
* Fortuna de Minas
* Funilândia
* Inhaúma
* Jequitibá
* Matozinhos
* Morro do Pilar
* Paraopeba
* Prudente de Morais
* Santana de Pirapama
* Santana do Riacho
* Sete Lagoas

Santa Bárbara-Ouro Preto|

* Barão de Cocais
* Catas Altas
* Itabirito
* Mariana
* Ouro Preto
* Santa Bárbara

Curvelo|

* Augusto de Lima
* Buenópolis
* Corinto
* Curvelo
* Felixlândia
* Inimutaba
* Monjolos
* Morro da Garça
* Presidente Juscelino
* Santo Hipólito
* Três Marias

Itabira|

* Bom Jesus do Amparo
* Carmésia
* Ferros
* Itabira
* Itambé do Mato Dentro
* Passabém
* Santa Maria de Itabira
* Santo Antônio do Rio Abaixo
* São Sebastião do Rio Preto

Intermediate Geographic Region of Divinópolis

| Divinópolis|

* Araújos
* Camacho
* Carmo da Mata
* Carmo do Cajuru
* Cláudio
* Conceição do Pará
* Divinópolis
* Itapecerica
* Itatiaiuçu
* Itaúna
* Japaraíba
* Lagoa da Prata
* Leandro Ferreira
* Nova Serrana
* Pedra do Indaiá
* Perdigão
* Pitangui
* Santo Antônio do Monte
* São Gonçalo do Pará
* São Sebastião do Oeste

|

Formiga|

* Arcos
* Bambuí
* Córrego Danta
* Córrego Fundo
* Formiga
* Iguatama
* Medeiros
* Pains
* Pimenta
* Tapiraí

Dores do Indaiá|

* Bom Despacho
* Dores do Indaiá
* Estrela do Indaiá
* Luz
* Martinho Campos
* Moema
* Pompéu
* Quartel Geral
* Serra da Saudade

Pará de Minas|

* Igaratinga
* Maravilhas
* Onça de Pitangui
* Papagaios
* Pará de Minas
* Pequi
* São José da Varginha

Oliveira|

* Bonfim
* Carmópolis de Minas
* Crucilândia
* Itaguara
* Oliveira
* Passa Tempo
* Piedade dos Gerais
* Piracema
* Rio Manso
* São Francisco de Paula

Abaeté|

* Abaeté
* Biquinhas
* Cedro do Abaeté
* Morada Nova de Minas
* Paineiras

Intermediate Geographic Region of Governador Valadares

| Governador Valadares|

* Alpercata
* Capitão Andrade
* Conselheiro Pena
* Coroaci
* Divino das Laranjeiras
* Engenheiro Caldas
* Fernandes Tourinho
* Frei Inocêncio
* Galiléia
* Goiabeira
* Gonzaga
* Governador Valadares
* Itanhomi
* Jampruca
* Marilac
* Mathias Lobato
* Nacip Raydan
* Santa Efigênia de Minas
* São Geraldo da Piedade
* São Geraldo do Baixio
* São José da Safira
* Sardoá
* Sobrália
* Tarumirim
* Tumiritinga
* Virgolândia

|

Guanhães|

* Cantagalo
* Coluna
* Divinolândia de Minas
* Dom Joaquim
* Dores de Guanhães
* Frei Lagonegro
* Guanhães
* José Raydan
* Materlândia
* Paulistas
* Peçanha
* Rio Vermelho
* Sabinópolis
* Santa Maria do Suaçuí
* São João Evangelista
* São José do Jacuri
* São Pedro do Suaçuí
* São Sebastião do Maranhão
* Senhora do Porto
* Virginópolis

Mantena|

* Central de Minas
* Itabirinha
* Mantena
* Mendes Pimentel
* Nova Belém
* São Félix de Minas
* São João do Manteninha

Aimorés-Resplendor|

* Aimorés
* Cuparaque
* Itueta
* Resplendor
* Santa Rita do Itueto

Intermediate Geographic Region of Ipatinga

| Ipatinga|

* Açucena
* Antônio Dias
* Belo Oriente
* Braúnas
* Bugre
* Coronel Fabriciano
* Dionísio
* Dom Cavati
* Iapu
* Ipaba
* Ipatinga
* Jaguaraçu
* Joanésia
* Marliéria
* Mesquita
* Naque
* Periquito
* Pingo-d'Água
* Santana do Paraíso
* São João do Oriente
* São José do Goiabal
* Timóteo

|

Caratinga|

* Alvarenga
* Bom Jesus do Galho
* Caratinga
* Córrego Novo
* Entre Folhas
* Imbé de Minas
* Inhapim
* Piedade de Caratinga
* Raul Soares
* Santa Bárbara do Leste
* Santa Rita de Minas
* São Domingos das Dores
* São Sebastião do Anta
* Ubaporanga
* Vargem Alegre
* Vermelho Novo

João Monlevade|

* Bela Vista de Minas
* João Monlevade
* Nova Era
* Rio Piracicaba
* São Domingos do Prata
* São Gonçalo do Rio Abaixo

Intermediate Geographic Region of Juiz de Fora

| Juiz de Fora|

* Andrelândia
* Aracitaba
* Arantina
* Belmiro Braga
* Bias Fortes
* Bocaina de Minas
* Bom Jardim de Minas
* Chácara
* Chiador
* Coronel Pacheco
* Ewbank da Câmara
* Goianá
* Juiz de Fora
* Liberdade
* Lima Duarte
* Matias Barbosa
* Olaria
* Oliveira Fortes
* Paiva
* Passa Vinte
* Pedro Teixeira
* Piau
* Rio Novo
* Rio Preto
* Santa Bárbara do Monte Verde
* Santa Rita de Jacutinga
* Santana do Deserto
* Santos Dumont
* Simão Pereira

|

Manhuaçu|

* Abre Campo
* Alto Caparaó
* Alto Jequitibá
* Caparaó
* Caputira
* Chalé
* Conceição de Ipanema
* Durandé
* Ipanema
* Lajinha
* Luisburgo
* Manhuaçu
* Manhumirim
* Martins Soares
* Matipó
* Mutum
* Pocrane
* Reduto
* Santa Margarida
* Santana do Manhuaçu
* São João do Manhuaçu
* São José do Mantimento
* Simonésia
* Taparuba

Ubá|

* Brás Pires
* Divinésia
* Dores do Turvo
* Guarani
* Guidoval
* Guiricema
* Mercês
* Piraúba
* Rio Pomba
* Rodeiro
* São Geraldo
* Senador Firmino
* Silveirânia
* Tabuleiro
* Tocantins
* Ubá
* Visconde do Rio Branco

Ponte Nova|

* Acaiaca
* Alvinópolis
* Amparo do Serra
* Barra Longa
* Diogo de Vasconcelos
* Dom Silvério
* Guaraciaba
* Jequeri
* Oratórios
* Piedade de Ponte Nova
* Ponte Nova
* Rio Casca
* Rio Doce
* Santa Cruz do Escalvado
* Santo Antônio do Grama
* São Pedro dos Ferros
* Sem-Peixe
* Sericita
* Urucânia

Muriaé|

* Antônio Prado de Minas
* Barão de Monte Alto
* Eugenópolis
* Fervedouro
* Miradouro
* Miraí
* Muriaé
* Patrocínio do Muriaé
* Rosário da Limeira
* São Francisco do Glória
* São Sebastião da Vargem Alegre
* Vieiras

Cataguases|

* Argirita
* Astolfo Dutra
* Cataguases
* Dona Eusébia
* Itamarati de Minas
* Laranjal
* Leopoldina
* Palma
* Recreio
* Santana de Cataguases

Viçosa|

* Araponga
* Cajuri
* Canaã
* Coimbra
* Ervália
* Paula Cândido
* Pedra do Anta
* Porto Firme
* Presidente Bernardes
* São Miguel do Anta
* Teixeiras
* Viçosa

Carangola|

* Caiana
* Carangola
* Divino
* Espera Feliz
* Faria Lemos
* Orizânia
* Pedra Bonita
* Pedra Dourada
* Tombos

São João Nepomuceno-Bicas|

* Bicas
* Descoberto
* Guarará
* Mar de Espanha
* Maripá de Minas
* Pequeri
* Rochedo de Minas
* São João Nepomuceno
* Senador Cortes

Além Paraíba|

* Além Paraíba
* Estrela Dalva
* Pirapetinga
* Santo Antônio do Aventureiro
* Volta Grande

Intermediate Geographic Region of Montes Claros

| Montes Claros|

* Bocaiúva
* Botumirim
* Brasília de Minas
* Campo Azul
* Capitão Enéas
* Claro dos Poções
* Coração de Jesus
* Cristália
* Engenheiro Navarro
* Francisco Dumont
* Francisco Sá
* Glaucilândia
* Grão Mogol
* Guaraciama
* Ibiracatu
* Itacambira
* Japonvar
* Jequitaí
* Joaquim Felício
* Josenópolis
* Juramento
* Lagoa dos Patos
* Lontra
* Luislândia
* Mirabela
* Montes Claros
* Olhos-d'Água
* Patis
* São João da Lagoa
* São João do Pacuí
* Varzelândia

|

Janaúba|

* Jaíba
* Janaúba
* Manga
* Matias Cardoso
* Miravânia
* Nova Porteirinha
* Pai Pedro
* Porteirinha
* Riacho dos Machados
* Serranópolis de Minas
* Verdelândia

Salinas|

* Berizal
* Curral de Dentro
* Fruta de Leite
* Indaiabira
* Ninheira
* Novorizonte
* Padre Carvalho
* Rio Pardo de Minas
* Rubelita
* Salinas
* Santa Cruz de Salinas
* São João do Paraíso
* Taiobeiras
* Vargem Grande do Rio Pardo

Januária|

* Bonito de Minas
* Cônego Marinho
* Itacarambi
* Januária
* Juvenília
* Montalvânia
* Pedras de Maria da Cruz
* São João das Missões

Pirapora|

* Buritizeiro
* Ibiaí
* Lassance
* Pirapora
* Ponto Chique
* Santa Fé de Minas
* Várzea da Palma

São Francisco|

* Chapada Gaúcha
* Icaraí de Minas
* Pintópolis
* São Francisco
* São Romão
* Ubaí

Espinosa|

* Catuti
* Espinosa
* Gameleiras
* Mamonas
* Mato Verde
* Monte Azul
* Montezuma
* Santo Antônio do Retiro

Intermediate Geographic Region of Patos de Minas

| Patos de Minas|

* Arapuá
* Brasilândia de Minas
* Carmo do Paranaíba
* Guarda-Mor
* João Pinheiro
* Lagamar
* Lagoa Formosa
* Lagoa Grande
* Matutina
* Paracatu
* Patos de Minas
* Presidente Olegário
* Rio Paranaíba
* São Gonçalo do Abaeté
* São Gotardo
* Tiros
* Varjão de Minas
* Vazante

|

Unaí|

* Arinos
* Bonfinópolis de Minas
* Buritis
* Cabeceira Grande
* Dom Bosco
* Formoso
* Natalândia
* Riachinho
* Unaí
* Uruana de Minas
* Urucuia

Patrocínio|

* Coromandel
* Cruzeiro da Fortaleza
* Guimarânia
* Patrocínio
* Serra do Salitre

Intermediate Geographic Region of Pouso Alegre

| Pouso Alegre|

* Albertina
* Bom Repouso
* Borda da Mata
* Bueno Brandão
* Cachoeira de Minas
* Camanducaia
* Cambuí
* Careaçu
* Conceição dos Ouros
* Congonhal
* Consolação
* Córrego do Bom Jesus
* Espírito Santo do Dourado
* Estiva
* Extrema
* Heliodora
* Inconfidentes
* Ipuiúna
* Itapeva
* Jacutinga
* Monte Sião
* Munhoz
* Natércia
* Ouro Fino
* Pouso Alegre
* Santa Rita do Sapucaí
* São João da Mata
* São Sebastião da Bela Vista
* Senador Amaral
* Senador José Bento
* Silvianópolis
* Tocos do Moji
* Toledo
* Turvolândia

|

Poços de Caldas|

* Andradas
* Bandeira do Sul
* Botelhos
* Caldas
* Campestre
* Ibitiúra de Minas
* Poços de Caldas
* Santa Rita de Caldas

Itajubá|

* Brasópolis
* Conceição das Pedras
* Delfim Moreira
* Gonçalves
* Itajubá
* Maria da Fé
* Marmelópolis
* Paraisópolis
* Pedralva
* Piranguçu
* Piranguinho
* São José do Alegre
* Sapucaí-Mirim
* Wenceslau Braz

São Lourenço|

* Alagoa
* Carmo de Minas
* Conceição do Rio Verde
* Cristina
* Dom Viçoso
* Itamonte
* Itanhandu
* Jesuânia
* Lambari
* Olímpio Noronha
* Passa Quatro
* Pouso Alto
* São Lourenço
* São Sebastião do Rio Verde
* Soledade de Minas
* Virgínia

Caxambu-Baependi|

* Aiuruoca
* Baependi
* Carvalhos
* Caxambu
* Cruzília
* Minduri
* Seritinga
* Serranos

Intermediate Geographic Region of Teófilo Otoni

| Capelinha|

* Água Boa
* Angelândia
* Aricanduva
* Capelinha
* Chapada do Norte
* Itamarandiba
* Leme do Prado
* Minas Novas
* Turmalina
* Veredinha

|

Teófilo Otoni|

* Ataléia
* Campanário
* Caraí
* Carlos Chagas
* Catuji
* Franciscópolis
* Frei Gaspar
* Itaipé
* Itambacuri
* Itaobim
* Ladainha
* Malacacheta
* Monte Formoso
* Nanuque
* Nova Módica
* Novo Cruzeiro
* Novo Oriente de Minas
* Ouro Verde de Minas
* Padre Paraíso
* Pavão
* Pescador
* Ponto dos Volantes
* Poté
* São João do Divino
* Serra dos Aimorés
* Setubinha
* Teófilo Otoni

Almenara|

* Almenara
* Bandeira
* Felisburgo
* Jacinto
* Jequitinhonha
* Joaíma
* Jordânia
* Mata Verde
* Palmópolis
* Rio do Prado
* Rubim
* Salto da Divisa
* Santa Maria do Salto
* Santo Antônio do Jacinto

Diamantina|

* Alvorada de Minas
* Carbonita
* Couto de Magalhães de Minas
* Datas
* Diamantina
* Felício dos Santos
* Gouveia
* Presidente Kubitschek
* Santo Antônio do Itambé
* São Gonçalo do Rio Preto
* Senador Modestino Gonçalves
* Serra Azul de Minas
* Serro

Araçuaí|

* Araçuaí
* Berilo
* Coronel Murta
* Francisco Badaró
* Itinga
* Jenipapo de Minas
* José Gonçalves de Minas
* Virgem da Lapa

Pedra Azul|

* Águas Vermelhas
* Cachoeira de Pajeú
* Comercinho
* Divisa Alegre
* Divisópolis
* Medina
* Pedra Azul

Águas Formosas|

* Águas Formosas
* Bertópolis
* Crisólita
* Fronteira dos Vales
* Machacalis
* Santa Helena de Minas
* Umburatiba

Intermediate Geographic Region of Uberaba

| Uberaba|

* Água Comprida
* Campo Florido
* Conceição das Alagoas
* Conquista
* Delta
* Nova Ponte
* Sacramento
* Santa Juliana
* Uberaba
* Veríssimo

|

Araxá|

* Araxá
* Campos Altos
* Ibiá
* Pedrinópolis
* Perdizes
* Pratinha
* Santa Rosa da Serra
* Tapira

Frutal|

* Comendador Gomes
* Fronteira
* Frutal
* Itapagipe
* Pirajuba
* Planura

Iturama|

* Carneirinho
* Iturama
* Limeira do Oeste
* São Francisco de Sales
* União de Minas

Intermediate Geographic Region of Uberlândia

| Uberlândia|

* Araguari
* Araporã
* Campina Verde
* Canápolis
* Cascalho Rico
* Centralina
* Indianópolis
* Monte Alegre de Minas
* Prata
* Tupaciguara
* Uberlândia

|

Ituiutaba|

* Cachoeira Dourada
* Capinópolis
* Gurinhatã
* Ipiaçu
* Ituiutaba
* Santa Vitória

Monte Carmelo|

* Abadia dos Dourados
* Douradoquara
* Estrela do Sul
* Grupiara
* Iraí de Minas
* Monte Carmelo
* Romaria

Intermediate Geographic Region of Varginha

| Varginha|

* Cordislândia
* Elói Mendes
* Monsenhor Paulo
* São Gonçalo do Sapucaí
* Varginha

|

Passos|

* Alpinópolis
* Bom Jesus da Penha
* Capetinga
* Carmo do Rio Claro
* Cássia
* Claraval
* Delfinópolis
* Fortaleza de Minas
* Guapé
* Ibiraci
* Itaú de Minas
* Passos
* Pratápolis
* São João Batista do Glória
* São José da Barra

Alfenas|

* Alfenas
* Alterosa
* Areado
* Campo do Meio
* Campos Gerais
* Carvalhópolis
* Conceição da Aparecida
* Divisa Nova
* Fama
* Machado
* Paraguaçu
* Poço Fundo
* Serrania

Lavras|

* Bom Sucesso
* Cana Verde
* Carrancas
* Ibituruna
* Ijaci
* Ingaí
* Itumirim
* Itutinga
* Lavras
* Luminárias
* Nepomuceno
* Perdões
* Ribeirão Vermelho
* Santo Antônio do Amparo

Guaxupé|

* Arceburgo
* Cabo Verde
* Guaranésia
* Guaxupé
* Juruaia
* Monte Belo
* Muzambinho
* Nova Resende
* São Pedro da União

Três Corações|

* Cambuquira
* Campanha
* Carmo da Cachoeira
* São Bento Abade
* São Thomé das Letras
* Três Corações

Três Pontas-Boa Esperança|

* Boa Esperança
* Coqueiral
* Ilicínea
* Santana da Vargem
* Três Pontas

São Sebastião do Paraíso|

* Itamogi
* Jacuí
* Monte Santo de Minas
* São Sebastião do Paraíso
* São Tomás de Aquino

Campo Belo|

* Aguanil
* Campo Belo
* Candeias
* Cristais
* Santana do Jacaré

Piumhi|

* Capitólio
* Doresópolis
* Piumhi
* São Roque de Minas
* Vargem Bonita

Authority control databases

International|

* VIAF
* WorldCat

National|

* United States
* Israel

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