Leopold I, Duke of Austria

Duke of Austria and Styria from 1308 to 1326

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Leopold I

Duke of Austria, Duke of Styria

Stained glass portrait of Leopold I of Austria, Königsfelden Monastery, Windisch, Switzerland

Duke| 1308–1326
Born| c. 1290
Died| 28 February 1326
Strasbourg
Spouse|

Catherine of Savoy

(m. 1315)​

Issue| Catherine of Austria
Agnes of Austria
House| Habsburg
Father| Albert I of Germany
Mother| Elisabeth of Gorizia-Tyrol

Leopold I (c. 1290 – 28 February 1326),[1] called The Glorious, was Duke of Austria and Styria – as co-ruler with his elder brother Frederick the Fair – from 1308 until his death. A member of the House of Habsburg, he was the third son of Albert I of Germany and Elisabeth of Gorizia-Tyrol,[2] a scion of the Meinhardiner dynasty.

## Biography

[edit]

Leopold I Habsburg

After the death of his eldest brother Duke Rudolph III in 1307 and the assassination of King Albert in 1308, Leopold became administrator of Further Austria, where he started a retaliation campaign against his father's murderers.[1] He converged with the royal House of Luxembourg and accompanied King Henry VII on his Italian campaign. In 1311, he helped to suppress a Guelph uprising in Milan under Guido della Torre, and to lay siege to the city of Brescia.

Upon Emperor Henry's death, he strongly supported his brother Frederick in the 1314 election as King of the Romans.[1] Despite all efforts, the Habsburgs only gained the votes of four prince-electors, while Louis IV of Bavaria, with support of the Luxembourgs, was elected by five. In the following armed conflict between the rivals, the forces of Leopold were supportive of his brother's claims.[1] In his ancestral homeland however, he incurred a decisive defeat by the Swiss Confederacy at the 1315 Battle of Morgarten.[1]

Seal of Duke Leopold of Austria

When Frederick and their younger brother Henry had been captured at the Battle of Mühldorf in 1322, Leopold struggled for their release. He entered into negotiations with King Louis IV and even surrendered the Imperial Regalia he had kept at Kyburg Castle. The parleys failed and Leopold continued to attack the Bavarian forces of Louis, who unsuccessfully laid siege to the Swabian town of Burgau in 1324. After the king had failed to reach the approval of his election by Pope John XXII and was even banned, he released Frederick in 1325. The captive however had to promise to swear his brother to acknowledge Louis as his suzerain, which Leopold refused.[1] Frederick voluntarily returned to the Bavarian court, where he and Louis finally agreed upon a joint rule.

Leopold died in Strasbourg shortly afterwards, on 28 February 1326.[1] His remains were buried at Königsfelden Monastery in Windisch.

## Marriage and issue

[edit]

In 1315, Leopold married Catherine of Savoy (1284–1336), daughter of Amadeus V, Count of Savoy by his second wife, Marie of Brabant. They had two daughters:

1. Catherine of Austria (1320–1349), who married Enguerrand VI, Lord of Coucy[2]
2. Agnes of Austria (1322–1392), who married Bolko II, Duke of Świdnica[2]

## Male-line family tree

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* v
* t
* e

House of Habsburg[n 1]

| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |  Original line

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| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Albert
Count of Habsburg
c. 1188–1239
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Rudolf I
of Germany
c. 1218–1291
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Albert I
of Germany
1255–1308| | | | | | Hartmann
1263–1281| | Rudolf II
Duke of Austria
1270–1290
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | Rudolf I
of Bohemia
1281–1307| | Frederick
the Fair
c. 1289–1330| | Leopold I
Duke of Austria
1290–1326| | Albert II
Duke of Austria
1298–1358| | Henry
the Friendly
1299–1327| | Otto
Duke of Austria
1301–1339| | John
Parricida
c. 1290–1312/1313
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |  Albertinian line| | | | | | | | | |  Leopoldian line| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | Rudolf IV
Duke of Austria
1339–1365| | Frederick III
1347–1362| | Albert III
Duke of Austria
1349–1395| | | | | | | | | | Leopold III
Duke of Austria
1351–1386| | | | | | Frederick II
Duke of Austria
1327–1344| | Leopold II
Duke of Austria
1328–1344
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | Albert IV
Duke of Austria
1377–1404| | William
Duke of Austria
c. 1370–1406| | Leopold IV
Duke of Austria
1371–1411| | Ernest
Duke of Austria
1377–1424| | | | | | Frederick IV
Duke of Austria
1382–1439
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | Albert II
of Germany
1397–1439| | | | | | | | | | Frederick III
HRE
1415–1493| | Albert VI
Archduke of Austria
1418–1463| | Sigismund
Archduke of Austria
1427–1496
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | Ladislaus
the Posthumous
1440–1457| | | | | | | | | | Maximilian I
HRE
1459–1519
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Philip I
of Castile
1478–1506
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | |  Spanish / Iberian line| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |  Austrian / HRE line
| | | | Charles V
HRE
1500–1558| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Ferdinand I
HRE
1503–1564| | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | Philip II
of Spain
1527–1598| | | | | | | | | | | | | | Maximilian II
HRE
1527–1576| | | | | | | | | | Ferdinand II
Archduke of Austria
1529–1595| | | | | | Charles II
Archduke of Austria
1540–1590
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Carlos
Prince of Asturias
1545–1568| | Philip III
of Spain
1578–1621| | Rudolf II
HRE
1552–1612| | Ernest
of Austria
1553–1595| | Matthias
HRE
1557–1619| | Maximilian III
Archduke of Austria
1558–1618| | Albert VII
Archduke of Austria
1559–1621| | Wenceslaus
Archduke of Austria
1561–1578| | Andrew
Margrave of Burgau
1558–1600| | Charles
Margrave of Burgau
1560–1618| | Ferdinand II
HRE
1578–1637| | Maximilian Ernest
of Austria
1583–1616| | Leopold V
Archduke of Austria
1586–1632| | Charles
of Austria
1590–1624
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | Philip IV
of Spain
1605–1665| | Charles
of Austria
1607–1632| | Ferdinand
of Austria
1609–1641| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | John-Charles
of Austria
1605–1619| | Ferdinand III
HRE
1608–1657| | Leopold Wilhelm
of Austria
1614–1662| | Ferdinand Charles
Archduke of Austria
1628–1662| | Sigismund Francis
Archduke of Austria
1630–1665
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Balthasar Charles
Prince of Asturias
1629–1646| | Charles II
of Spain
1661–1700| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Ferdinand IV
King of the Romans
1633–1654| | Leopold I
HRE
1640–1705| | Charles Joseph
of Austria
1649–1664
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Joseph I
HRE
1678–1711| | Charles VI
HRE
1685–1740
Notes:

1. ^ "Habsburg family tree". Habsburg family website. 28 October 2023. Retrieved 28 October 2023.

## References

[edit]

1. ^ a b c d e f g Franziska Hälg-Steffen: Leopold I of Habsburg in German, French and Italian in the online Historical Dictionary of Switzerland.
2. ^ a b c Wheatcroft 1996, p. 297.

## Bibliography

[edit]

* Wurzbach, Constantin von (1860). "Habsburg, Leopold I. der Glorreiche". In Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich. 6. Vienna: Kaiserlich-königliche Hof- und Staatsdruckerei, p. 409.
* ——— (1860). "Habsburg, Elisabeth von Savoyen". In Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich. 6. Vienna: Kaiserlich-königliche Hof- und Staatsdruckerei, p. 165.
* Wheatcroft, Andrew (1996). The Habsburgs: Embodying Empire. Penguin Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0140236347.297

Leopold I, Duke of Austria

House of Habsburg

Born: 1290 Died: 1326

Regnal titles
Preceded by

Albert I
Rudolf II
Rudolf III

|  Duke of Austria and Styria
1308–1326
With:  Frederick the Fair | Succeeded by

Frederick the Fair

as sole duke

* v
* t
* e

Monarchs of Austria

House of Babenberg|

* Leopold I the Illustrious (976–994)
* Henry I the Strong (994–1018)
* Adalbert the Victorious (1018–1055)
* Ernest the Brave (1055–1075)
* Leopold II the Fair (1075–1095)
* Leopold III the Good (1095–1136)
* Leopold the Generous (1137–1141)
* Henry II Jasomirgott (1141–1177)
* Leopold V the Virtuous (1177–1194)
* Frederick I the Catholic (1195–1198)
* Leopold VI the Glorious (1198–1230)
* Frederick II the Quarrelsome (1230–1246)

Interregnum|

* Vladislaus of Moravia (claimant 1246–1247)
* Herman VI of Baden (claimant 1248–1250)
* Frederick I of Baden (claimant 1250–1268)
* Ottokar II of Bohemia (claimant 1251–1278)

House of Habsburg
Austria|

* Rudolf I (1278–1282)
* Albert I (1282–1308)
* Rudolf II the Debonair (1282–1283)
* Rudolf III the Good (1298–1307)
* Frederick I the Fair (1308–1330)
* Leopold I the Glorious (1308–1326)
* Albert II the Wise (1330–1358)
* Otto I the Merry (1330–1339)
* Frederick II (1339–1344)
* Leopold II (1339–1344)
* Rudolf IV the Founder (1358–1365)
* Leopold III the Just (1365-1379)
* Albert III the Pigtail (1365-1395)
* Albert IV the Patient (1395-1404)
* Albert V (1404–1439)
* Ladislaus I the Posthumous (1440–1457)
* Frederick V the Peaceful (1457–1493)
* Maximilian I the Last Knight (1493–1519)
* Charles I (1519–1521)
* Ferdinand I (1521–1564)
* Maximilian II (1564–1576)
* Rudolf V (1576–1608)
* Matthias (1608–1619)
* Albert VII (1619)
* Ferdinand III (1590, 1619–1637)
* Ferdinand IV (1637–1657)
* Leopold V (1623–1632)
* Ferdinand Charles (1632–1662)
* Sigismund Francis (1662–1665)
* Leopold VI (1657, 1665–1705)
* Joseph I (1705–1711)
* Charles III (1711–1740)
* Maria Theresa (1740–1780)
* Francis I Stephen (1740–1765)
* Joseph II (1765–1790)
* Leopold VII (1790–1792)
* Francis II (1792–1835)
* Ferdinand I (1835–1848)
* Francis Joseph I (1848–1916)
* Charles I (1916–1918)

House of Habsburg
Styria, Carinthia, Carniola|

* Leopold III the Just (1365–1386)
* William the Courteous (1386–1406)
* Leopold IV the Fat (1386–1411)
* Ernest the Iron (1402–1424)
* Frederick V the Peaceful (1424–1493)
* Albert VI the Prodigal (1457–1463)
* Maximilian I the Last Knight (1493–1519)
* Charles I (1519–1521)
* Ferdinand I (1521–1564)
* Charles II (1564–1590)
* Ferdinand III (1590–1637)

House of Habsburg
Tyrol|

* Rudolf IV the Founder (1363–1365)
* Leopold III the Just (1365–1386)
* William the Courteous (1386–1406)
* Frederick IV of the Empty Pockets (1406–1439)
* Sigismund the Rich (1439–1490)
* Maximilian I the Last Knight (1490–1519)
* Charles I (1519–1521)
* Ferdinand I (1521–1564)
* Ferdinand II (1564–1595)
* Matthias (1595–1619)
* Albert VII (1619)
* Ferdinand III (1619–1623)
* Leopold V (1623–1632)
* Ferdinand Charles (1632–1662)
* Sigismund Francis (1662–1665)
* Leopold VI (1665–1705)

Authority control databases

International|

* VIAF
* WorldCat

National|

* Germany
* France
* BnF data

People|

* Deutsche Biographie
* DDB

Other|

* Historical Dictionary of Switzerland

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