Leuciscidae

Family of fishes

Leuciscidae

Temporal range: Middle Eocene–present

PreꞒ

Common bream, Abramis brama
Scientific classification
Domain:  | Eukaryota
Kingdom:  | Animalia
Phylum:  | Chordata
Class:  | Actinopterygii
Order:  | Cypriniformes
Suborder:  | Cyprinoidei
Family:  | Leuciscidae
Bonaparte, 1835[1]
Genera

See text

Leuciscidae is a family of freshwater ray-finned fishes,[2] formerly classified as a subfamily of the Cyprinidae,[3] which contains the true minnows.[4]

Members of the Old World (OW) clade of minnows within this subfamily are known as European minnows. As the name suggests, most members of the OW clade are found in Eurasia, aside from the golden shiner (Notemigonus crysoleucas), which is found in eastern North America.[5][6]

According to ancestral area reconstruction, the subfamily Leuciscinae is thought to have originated in Europe before becoming widely distributed in parts of Europe, Asia and North America. Evidence for the dispersal of this subfamily can be marked by biogeographical scenarios/observations, geomorphological changes, phylogenetic relationships as well as evidence for vicariance events taking place through time.[7] Through analyses and evidence of divergence time, it was observed that the two monophyletic groups, the phoxinins and the leuciscins, had shared a common ancestor dating to approximately 70.7 million years ago, representing their lengthy evolutionary history.[8][9][a] The 5th edition of the Fishes of the World classifies the Leuciscinae as a subfamily of the Cyprinidae[3] but more recent classifications have resolved this taxon as a family, the Leuciscidae.[6]

Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes recognises the family Leuciscidae and does divide it into subfamilies which correspond to the clades previously identified when it was treated as a subfamily of Cyprinidae.[2]

## Genera

[edit]

According to a 2018 study, Leuciscinae may be subdivided into 6 clades, or, if Leuciscidae is treated as a valid family, subfamilies:[10]

* †Tianshanicus Su, 2011 (fossil, Lutetian; Leuciscinae sensu lato)[11][12]

The recent genera are classified as follows:[2]

* Pogonichthyinae Girard, 1858[1]
* Agosia Girard, 1856 (Longfin dace)
* Alburnops Girard, 1856
* Algansea Girard, 1856 (Mexican chubs)
* Aztecula D. S. Jordan & Evermann, 1898 (Aztec chub)
* Campostoma Agassiz, 1855 (Stonerollers)
* Clinostomus Girard, 1856 (Redside daces)
* Coccotis D. S. Jordan, 1882
* Codoma Girard, 1856 (Ornate shiner)
* Cyprinella Girard, 1856 (Satinfin shiners)
* Dionda Girard, 1856 (Desert minnows)
* Ericymba Cope, 1865 (Longjaw minnows)
* Erimonax D. S. Jordan, 1924 (Spotfib chub)
* Erimystax D. S. Jordan, 1882 (Slender chubs)
* Exoglossum Rafinesque, 1818 (Cutlips minnows)
* Graodus Günther, 1868
* Hudsonius Girard, 1856
* Hybognathus Agassiz, 1855 (silvery minnows)
* Hybopsis Agassiz, 1854 (Bigeye chubs)
* Hydrophlox D. S. Jordan, 1878
* Iotichthys D. S. Jordan & Evermann, 1896 (least chub)
* Luxilus Rafinesque, 1820 (highscale shiners)
* Macrhybopsis Cockerell & Allison 1909 (blacktail chubs)
* Miniellus D. S. Jordan, 1882
* Mylocheilus Agassiz, 1855 (Peamouths
* Nocomis Girard 1856 (hornyhead chubs)
* Notropis Rafinesque, 1818 (eastern shiners)
* Oregonichthys Hubbs, 1929 (Oregon chubs)
* Paranotropis Fowler, 1904
* Phenacobius Cope, 1867 (Suckermouth minnows)
* Pimephales Rafinesque, 1820 (Bluntnose minnows)
* Platygobio gill, 1863 (Flathead chub)
* Pogonichthys Girard, 1854 (Splittails)
* Pteronotropis Fowler, 1935 (Flagfin shiners)
* Rhinichthys Agassiz, 1849 (riffle daces, loach minnows)
* Richardsonius Girard, 1856 (redside shiners)
* †Stypodon Garman, 1881 (Stumptooth minnow)
* Tampichthys Schönhuth, Doadrio, Dominguez-Dominguez, Hillis & Mayden, 2008
* Tiaroga Girard, 1856 (Loach minnow)
* Yuriria D. S. Jordan & Evermann, 1896
* Phoxininae Bleeker, 1863
* Phoxinus Rafinesque, 1820 (Eurasian minnows and daces)
* Leuciscinae Bonaparte, 1835[1]
* Abramis Cuvier, 1816 (Common bream)
* Acanthobrama Heckel 1843 (Bleaks)
* Achondrostoma Robalo, Almada, Levy & Doadrio, 2007
* Alburnoides Jeitteles, 1861 (Riffle minnows)
* Alburnus Rafinesque, 1820 (Bleaks)
* Anaecypris Collares-Pereira, 1983 (Spanish minnowcarp)
* Aspiolucius Berg, 1907 (pike-asp)
* Ballerus Heckel, 1843 (breams)
* Blicca Heckel, 1843 (Silver bream)
* Capoetobrama Berg, 1916 (Sharpray)
* Chondrostoma Agassiz, 1832 (Typical nases)
* Delminichthys Freyhof, Lieckfeldt, Bogutskaya, Pitra & Ludwig, 2006
* Egirdira Freyhof, 2022
* Iberochondrostoma Robalo, Almada, Levy & Doadrio, 2007
* Ladigesocypris M. S. Karaman 1972
* Leucalburnus Berg, 1916
* Leucaspius Heckel & Kner, 1857 (Moderlieschen)
* Leuciscus Cuvier, 1816 (Eurasian dace)
* Leucos Heckel, 1843
* Mirogrex Goren, Fishelson & Trewavas, 1973
* Notemigonus Rafinesque, 1819 (Golden shiner)
* Pachychilon Steindachner, 1882
* Parachondrostoma Robalo, Almada, Levy & Doadrio, 2007
* Pararhinichthys Goldsborough & Clark 1908
* Pelasgus Kottelat & Freyhof, 2007
* Pelecus Agassiz, 1835 (Sabre carp)
* Petroleuciscus Bogutskaya, 2002 (Ponto-Caspian chubs and daces)
* Phoxinellus Heckel, 1843
* Protochondrostoma Robalo, Almada, Levy & Doadrio, 2007
* Pseudochondrostoma Robalo, Almada, Levy & Doadrio, 2007
* Pseudophoxinus Bleeker, 1860
* Rutilus Rafinesque, 1820 (Katum, pearlfish and roach)
* Sarmarutilus Bianco & Ketmaier, 2014 (South European roach)
* Scardinius Bonaparte, 1837 (Rudd)
* Squalius Bonaparte, 1837 (European chubs)
* Telestes Bonaparte, 1840
* Tropidophoxinellus Stephanidis, 1974
* Turcichondrostoma Turan, Küçük, Güçlü & Aksu 2021
* Vimba Fitzinger, 1873
* Plagopterinae Cope, 1874[1]
* Couesius Jordan, 1878 (lake chub)
* Hemitremia Cope 1870 (flame chub)
* Lepidomeda Cope, 1874 (spinedaces)
* Margariscus Cockerell, 1909 (pearl daces)
* Meda Girard, 1856 (pikedace)
* Plagopterus Cope, 1874 (woundfin)
* Semotilus Rafinesque, 1820 (creek chubs)
* Snyderichthys Miller, 1945 (leatherside chub)
* Laviniinae Bleeker, 186[1]
* Chrosomus Rafinesque, 1820 (redbelly daces)
* Eremichthys Hubbs & R. R. Miller, 1948 (desert dace)
* †Evarra Woolman, 1894 (Mexican daces)
* Gila Baird & Girard, 1853 (western chubs)
* Hesperoleucus Snyder, 1913 (California roach)
* Lavinia Girard, 1854 (Hitch)
* Mylopharodon Ayres, 1855 (hardheads)
* Orthodon Girard, 1856 (Sacramento blackfish)
* Ptychocheilus Agassiz, 1855 (pikeminnows)
* Relictus Hubbs & R. R. Miller, 1972 (relict dace)
* Siphateles Cope, 1883
* Pseudaspininae Bogutskaya, 1990[1]
* Oreoleuciscus Warpachowski, 1889 (osmans)
* Pseudaspius Dybowski, 1869 (redfin)
* Rhynchocypris Günther, 1889

## Notes

[edit]

1. ^ The study by Perea et al. (2010) did not include the North American clade, or Pogonichthyinae,[8] which is now also considered a part of the Leuciscinae subfamily[10]

## References

[edit]

1. ^ a b c d e f Richard van der Laan; William N. Eschmeyer & Ronald Fricke (2014). "Family-group names of recent fishes". Zootaxa. 3882 (2): 1–230\. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3882.1.1. PMID 25543675.1-230&rft.date=2014&rft_id=info:doi/10.11646/zootaxa.3882.1.1&rft_id=info:pmid/25543675&rft.au=Richard+van+der+Laan&rft.au=William+N.+Eschmeyer&rft.au=Ronald+Fricke&rft_id=https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.3882.1.1/10480&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Leuciscidae" class="Z3988">
2. ^ a b c Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Genera in the family Leuciscidae". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 6 March 2025.
3. ^ a b J. S. Nelson; T. C. Grande; M. V. H. Wilson (2016). Fishes of the World (5th ed.). Wiley. pp. 181–186\. ISBN 978-1-118-34233-6.181-186&rft.edition=5th&rft.pub=Wiley&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1-118-34233-6&rft.au=J.+S.+Nelson&rft.au=T.+C.+Grande&rft.au=M.+V.+H.+Wilson&rft_id=https://sites.google.com/site/fotw5th/&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Leuciscidae" class="Z3988">
4. ^ Taxonomic information
5. ^ "Order CYPRINIFORMES: Family LEUCISCIDAE: Subfamilies PSEUDASPININAE, LEUCISCINAE and PHOXININAE". The ETYFish Project. 2018-10-17. Retrieved 2020-11-27.
6. ^ a b Schönhuth, Susana; Vukić, Jasna; Šanda, Radek; Yang, Lei; Mayden, Richard L. (2018-10-01). "Phylogenetic relationships and classification of the Holarctic family Leuciscidae (Cypriniformes: Cyprinoidei)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 127: 781–799\. Bibcode:2018MolPE.127..781S. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2018.06.026. ISSN 1055-7903. PMID 29913311. S2CID 49292104.781-799&rft.date=2018-10-01&rft_id=https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:49292104#id-name=S2CID&rft_id=info:bibcode/2018MolPE.127..781S&rft.issn=1055-7903&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016/j.ympev.2018.06.026&rft_id=info:pmid/29913311&rft.aulast=Schönhuth&rft.aufirst=Susana&rft.au=Vukić,+Jasna&rft.au=Šanda,+Radek&rft.au=Yang,+Lei&rft.au=Mayden,+Richard+L.&rft_id=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1055790317308618&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Leuciscidae" class="Z3988">
7. ^ Imoto, J. M.; Saitoh, K.; Sasaki, T.; Yonezawa, T.; Adachi, J.; Kartavtsev, Y. P.; Miya, M.; Nishida, M.; Hanzawa, N. (2013). "Phylogeny and biogeography of highly diverged freshwater fish species (Leuciscinae, Cyprinidae, Teleostei) inferred from mitochondrial genome analysis". Gene. 514 (2): 112–124\. doi:10.1016/j.gene.2012.10.019. PMID 23174367.112-124&rft.date=2013&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016/j.gene.2012.10.019&rft_id=info:pmid/23174367&rft.au=Imoto,+J.+M.&rft.au=Saitoh,+K.&rft.au=Sasaki,+T.&rft.au=Yonezawa,+T.&rft.au=Adachi,+J.&rft.au=Kartavtsev,+Y.+P.&rft.au=Miya,+M.&rft.au=Nishida,+M.&rft.au=Hanzawa,+N.&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Leuciscidae" class="Z3988">
8. ^ a b Perea, S.; Böhme, M.; Zupancic, P.; Freyhof, J.; Sanda, R.; Ozuluğ, M.; Abdoli, A.; Doadrio, I. (2010). "Phylogenetic relationships and biogeographical patterns in Circum-Mediterranean subfamily Leuciscinae (Teleostei, Cyprinidae) inferred from both mitochondrial and nuclear data". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 10 (1): 265. Bibcode:2010BMCEE..10..265P. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-10-265. PMC 2940817. PMID 20807419. S2CID 206970716.
9. ^ "Order CYPRINIFORMES: Family LEUCISCIDAE: Subfamilies PSEUDASPININAE, LEUCISCINAE and PHOXININAE". The ETYFish Project. 2018-10-17. Retrieved 2020-11-26.
10. ^ a b Schönhuth, Susana; Vukić, Jasna; Šanda, Radek; Yang, Lei; Mayden, Richard L. (2018-10-01). "Phylogenetic relationships and classification of the Holarctic family Leuciscidae (Cypriniformes: Cyprinoidei)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 127: 781–799\. Bibcode:2018MolPE.127..781S. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2018.06.026. ISSN 1055-7903. PMID 29913311. S2CID 49292104.781-799&rft.date=2018-10-01&rft_id=https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:49292104#id-name=S2CID&rft_id=info:bibcode/2018MolPE.127..781S&rft.issn=1055-7903&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016/j.ympev.2018.06.026&rft_id=info:pmid/29913311&rft.aulast=Schönhuth&rft.aufirst=Susana&rft.au=Vukić,+Jasna&rft.au=Šanda,+Radek&rft.au=Yang,+Lei&rft.au=Mayden,+Richard+L.&rft_id=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1055790317308618&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Leuciscidae" class="Z3988">
11. ^ "A NEW CYPRINID FISH FROM PALEOGENE OF NORTHERN XINJIANG, CHINA". Vertebrata Palasiatica. 49 (2). 2011-06-15. ISSN 2096-9899. Archived from the original on 2024-11-09.
12. ^ Paleontology, Institute of Vertebrae; Paleoanthropology. "New leuciscin fish found in northern China". phys.org. Retrieved 2024-07-19.

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Forage fish

Marine|

| Clupeidae|

* Anchovies
* herring
* Ilisha
* mackerel (small)
* menhaden
* sardine
* shad
* sprats

|

Other|

* Capelin
* goldband fusilier
* halfbeak
* smelt
* krill
* squid (small)

Freshwater|

| Minnow|

* Leuciscidae
* dace
* shiner
* Common roach

|

Other|

* Carp (small)
* killifish
* mosquitofish
* herrings
* river herring
* alewives
* sucker

Related topics|

* Bait ball
* Bait fish
* Feeder fish
* Fish migration
* Filter feeder
* Food fish
* Ichthyoplankton
* Juvenile fish
* Predator fish
* Sardine run
* Shoaling and schooling

Taxon identifiers

Leuciscinae|

* Wikidata: Q48694
* Wikispecies: Leuciscinae
* NBN: NHMSYS0021200598
* NCBI: 2743728
* Paleobiology Database: 252922
* WoRMS: 714645

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