Libera (gastropod)

Genus of gastropods

Libera

Libera tumuloides shells
Scientific classification
Kingdom:  | Animalia
Phylum:  | Mollusca
Class:  | Gastropoda
Order:  | Stylommatophora
Family:  | Endodontidae
Genus:  | Libera
Garrett, 1881[1]
Synonyms

* Garrettia Cossman, 1910 not Paetel, 1873
* Garrettina Thiele, 1931
* Helix (Libera) Garrett, 1881 ·

Libera is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Endodontidae.[2][3]

Originally the genus Libera was placed within the family Charopidae.[4]

## Species

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Species in the genus Libera include:[2]

* Libera bursatella (Gould, 1876)
* Libera bursatella bursatella (Gould, 1876)
* Libera bursatella orofenensis Solem, 1976
* Libera cavernula (Hombron & Jacquinot, 1847)
* Libera cookeana Solem, 1976
* Libera dubiosa (Ancey, 1889)
* Libera fratercula (Pease, 1867)
* Libera fratercula fratercula (Pease, 1867)
* Libera fratercula ratotongensis Solem, 1976
* Libera garrettiana Solem, 1976
* Libera gregaria Garret, 1884
* Libera heynemanni (Pfeiffer, 1862)
* Libera incognata Solem, 1976
* Libera kondoi Christensen, Khan & Kirch, 2018
* Libera micrasoma Solem, 1976
* Libera recedens Garret, 1884
* Libera retunsa (Pease, 1864)
* Libera spuria (Ancey, 1889)
* Libera streptaxon (Reeve, 1852)
* Libera subcavernula (Tryon, 1887) \- extinct, the type species
* Libera tumuloides (Garrett, 1872) \- extinct
* Libera umbilicata Solem, 1976

Synonyms

* Libera coarctata Garrett, 1884: synonym of Libera dubiosa Ancey, 1889 (invalid: junior homonym of Libera coarctata Pfeiffer, 1850)
* Libera jackquinoti (Pfeiffer, 1850): synonym of Libera cavernula (Hombron & Jacquinot, 1847)

## Shell description

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The genus Libera was described by Andrew Garrett in 1881. Garrett's type description reads as follows:[4]

> Shell small, widely umbilicated, umbilicus (in adults) strongly constricted so as to form a cavernous or pouch-like cavity; whorls 7-9, costulate or striate, last one angulata or carinate, rarely rounded; aperture subrhomboidal or securiform; peristome thin, simple, straight; parietal region with one or two, and the palate with (rarely without) two or three, internal laminae; columella emarginate and furnished with a spiral fold.

## Life cycle

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These snails lay their eggs into the umbilicus of their own shells.[5]

## References

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This article incorporates public domain text from the reference.[4]

1. ^ Garrett A. (1881) "The terrestrial mollusca inhabiting Cook's or Hervey Islands" Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia (2)8(4): 381-411.
2. ^ a b Solem A. (29 October 1976) "Endodontoid land snails from Pacific Islands (Mollusca: Pulmonata: Sigmurethra). Part I. Family Endodontidae". Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, Illinois, [1]
3. ^ Libera Garrett, 1881. 1 April 2025. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species.
4. ^ a b c Hedley C. (1 September 1892) "Observations on the Charopdae. Part I." Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 7(I): 157-169. Linnean Society of New South Wales. Plate 1-2.
5. ^ Heller J. (2001) Life history strategies. page 419. 413-445. In: Barker G. M. (ed.) The biology of terrestrial molluscs. Cabi Publishing. ISBN 0-85199-318-4.

* Bank, R. A. (2017). Classification of the Recent terrestrial Gastropoda of the World. Last update: July 16th, 201

## External links

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* Bishop museum info: [2]

Taxon identifiers

Libera|

* Wikidata: Q6540550
* Wikispecies: Libera
* CoL: 7P7G3
* EoL: 4949181
* GBIF: 4598349
* iNaturalist: 89516
* IRMNG: 1301547
* NCBI: 2681922
* Open Tree of Life: 4155936
* WoRMS: 875247