Liberal-Conservative Party

Not to be confused with Liberal Party of Canada or Conservative Party of Canada.

This article is about the historic Canadian political party. For the historic political party known as Liberal-Conservative in the UK, see Peelite. For the political party in Spain with the same name, see Liberal-Conservative Party (Spain). For the political ideology, see Liberal conservatism.

Political party in Canada

Liberal-Conservative Party

Founders| John A. Macdonald
George-Étienne Cartier
Founded| 1867
Dissolved| 1938 (party renamed)
Preceded by| Parti bleu
Merged into| Conservative Party of Canada (historical)
Ideology| Conservatism
Political position| Centre-right to right-wing

* Politics of Canada
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Literature

* Canada and the Canadian Question (1891)
* Lament for a Nation (1965)
* Who Killed Canadian History? (1998)
* Maps of Meaning (1999)
* The Black Book of English Canada (Series; 2001–2003)
* The Uniqueness of Western Civilization (2011)
* Harperism (2014)
* "The Case for Colonialism" (2017)
* 12 Rules for Life (2018)
* Whiteshift (2018)

Extant parties

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* Christian Heritage Party of Canada
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Provincial

* BC United
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Historical parties

Federal

* Canadian Alliance
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Provincial

* Action démocratique du Québec
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* Common Sense Revolution
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Rights Act
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* v
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The Liberal-Conservative Party (French: le Parti libéral-conservateur) was the formal name of the Conservative Party of Canada until 1917, and again from 1922 to 1938. Prior to 1970, candidates could run under any label they chose, and in many of Canada's early elections, there were both "Liberal-Conservative" and "Conservative" candidates; however, these were simply different labels used by candidates of the same party. Both were part of Sir John A. Macdonald's government and official Conservative and Liberal-Conservative candidates would not, generally,[clarification needed] run against each other. It was also common for a candidate to run on one label in one election and the other in a subsequent election.[1]

## History

[edit]

The roots of the name are in the coalition of September 11, 1854[2] in which moderate Reformers and Conservatives from Canada West joined with bleus from Canada East under the dual premiership of Sir Allan MacNab and A.-N. Morin. The new ministry committed to secularizing Clergy reserves in Canada West and abolishing seigneurial tenure in Canada East.[3] Over time, the Liberal-Conservatives were commonly referred to as the Conservative party and their opponents, the Clear Grits and the Parti rouge evolved into the Liberal Party of Canada.[4] However, the Liberal-Conservative Party remained the official name to 1917,[5][6][7][8] and again from 1922 to 1938.[9]

Prominent Liberal-Conservative Members of Parliament and Senators in Canadian history include:

* Sir John A. Macdonald
* Sir George-Étienne Cartier
* Sir Alexander Tilloch Galt
* Sir John Carling
* Sir John Rose
* Thomas D'Arcy McGee
* Joseph Howe
* Sir Samuel Leonard Tilley
* Sir John Joseph Caldwell Abbott
* John Henry Pope
* Joseph-Aldric Ouimet (Liberal-Conservative MP 1873–1896, ran as Conservative and defeated in 1908)
* Sir John Sparrow David Thompson
* Sir Sam Hughes
* Sir Hugh John Macdonald
* Archibald McLelan (Liberal-Conservative Senator, resigned and elected to the House of Commons as a Conservative after 1881)
* Joseph Godéric Blanchet (Liberal-Conservative from 1867 to 1875, Conservative 1875–1878, Liberal-Conservative 1878–1883)
* John Costigan (Liberal-Conservative 1867–1900, crossed the floor to join the Liberals in 1901)

The party resumed formally referring to itself as Liberal-Conservative from 1922[10] until 1938 when it officially became the National Conservative Party;[11] however, it was commonly referred to as the Conservative Party throughout this period.

## Liberal Conservative Coalition

[edit]

In the 1957 election, George Rolland, a watchmaker, sought election as a Liberal Conservative Coalition candidate in the Toronto riding of Eglinton. He placed last, winning only 252 votes, or 0.7% of the total. Both the Liberal and Conservative parties nominated candidates in the riding, so Rolland did not have the endorsement of either party.

Source: Parliament of Canada History of the Federal Electoral Ridings since 1867

## See also

[edit]

* Conservative Party of Canada (1867–1942)
* List of political parties in Canada
* Democratic-Republican Party

## References

[edit]

1. ^ Donald Creighton, John A. Macdonald (2 vol 1955).
2. ^ "MORIN, AUGUSTIN-NORBERT". Dictionary of Canadian Biography. Retrieved 2025-03-17.
3. ^ J. M. S. Careless, The Union of the Canadas 1841–1857, Toronto: McClelland & Stewart, 1967, pp. 192–197.
4. ^ Joseph Wearing, "Finding our parties' roots" in Canadian Parties in Transition, 2nd ed., Toronto: Nelson Canada, 1996, pp. 19–20
5. ^ "Liberal Conservative hand-book : - Canadiana". www.canadiana.ca. Retrieved 2025-03-17.
6. ^ "Liberal Conservative hand-book on organization ... - Canadiana". www.canadiana.ca. Retrieved 2025-03-17.
7. ^ "The Liberal-Conservative platform as laid down ... - Canadiana". www.canadiana.ca. Retrieved 2025-03-17.
8. ^ "[The Liberal-Conservative handbook, 1913]. - Canadiana". www.canadiana.ca. Retrieved 2025-03-17.
9. ^ MacNicol, John R. National Liberal-Conservative convention held at Winnipeg, Manitoba, October 10th to 12th, 1927. Southam Press.
10. ^ "MEIGHEN, ARTHUR". Dictionary of Canadian Biography. University of Toronto/Université Laval.
11. ^ "1938 CONSERVATIVE LEADERSHIP CONVENTION". CPAC. Cable Public Access Channel. Archived from the original on 2018-11-06. Retrieved 2016-02-07.

## Further reading

[edit]

* Creighton, Donald Grant. John A. Macdonald: The Old Chieftain. Vol. 2. (1955).
* English, John. The Decline of Politics: The Conservatives and the Party System, 1901-20 (1977)
* Gwyn, Richard J. Nation Maker: Sir John A. Macdonald: His Life, Our Times. 1867-1891. Volume Two (2011)
* Neatby, H. Blair, and John T. Saywell. "Chapleau and the Conservative Party in Quebec." Canadian Historical Review 37 (1956): 17. online

### Primary sources

[edit]

* J. H. Stewart Reid, et al., eds. A Source-book of Canadian History: Selected Documents and Personal Papers (1964). online Archived 2007-11-02 at the Wayback Machine pp 333–49

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Conservative Party of Canada (1867–1942)

* History
* Leaders

Official names|

* Liberal-Conservative Party (1867–1916)
* National Liberal and Conservative Party (1920–1921)
* Conservative (1921–1938)
* National Government (1938–1940)

Leaders|

* John A. Macdonald
* John Abbott
* John Sparrow David Thompson
* Mackenzie Bowell
* Charles Tupper
* Robert Borden
* Arthur Meighen
* Hugh Guthrie (interim)
* R. B. Bennett
* Robert James Manion
* Richard Hanson (interim)
* Arthur Meighen

Governments|

* Macdonald I
* Macdonald II
* Abbott
* Thompson
* Bowell
* Tupper
* Borden I
* Meighen I
* Meighen II
* Bennett

Related political parties|

| Predecessors|

* Parti bleu (1854–1867)
* Upper Canada Tories (1810s–1867)

|

Successors|

* Progressive Conservative (1942–2003)
* Conservative (2003–present)

Other|

* Unionist (1917–1922)
* Reform (1987–2000)
* Canadian Alliance (2000–2003)

Miscellaneous|

* Blue Tory
* Red Tory
* Nationalist Conservative

* v
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Conservative parties in Canada

Federal

Official opposition|

Conservative Party of Canada

No representation|

* Canadian Future
* Christian Heritage
* People's

Historical|

* Canadian Alliance
* Conservative
* Liberal-Conservative
* National Liberal and Conservative
* Democratic Representative Caucus
* Liberal-Conservative
* New Democracy
* Progressive Canadian
* Progressive Conservative
* Reconstruction
* Reform
* Ralliement créditiste
* Social Credit
* Unionist

Provincial and territorial

In government|

* Coalition Avenir Québec
* Nova Scotia PCs
* Ontario PCs
* Prince Edward Island PCs
* Saskatchewan Party
* United Conservative (AB)

Official opposition|

* Conservative Party of British Columbia
* Manitoba PCs
* New Brunswick PCs
* Newfoundland and Labrador PCs
* Yukon Party

No representation

Alberta|

* Wildrose Independence
* Wildrose Loyalty

British Columbia|

* BC United
* Christian Heritage

Manitoba|

* Keystone

New Brunswick|

* People's Alliance

Nova Scotia|

* Atlantica

Ontario|

* Canadians' Choice
* New Blue Party of Ontario
* Ontario Alliance
* Ontario Party
* Ontario Provincial Confederation of Regions Party
* Populist Party Ontario
* Stop the New Sex-Ed Agenda

Quebec|

* Conservative
* Équipe Autonomiste

Saskatchewan|

* Buffalo
* Progressive Conservative
* Saskatchewan United

Yukon|

* Yukon Freedom Party

Historical

Alberta|

* Alliance
* Progressive Conservative
* Freedom Conservative
* Social Credit
* Wildrose

British Columbia|

* Unity
* Social Credit

Manitoba|

* Manitoba First

New Brunswick|

* Confederation of Regions

Northwest Territories|

* North-West Territories Liberal-Conservatives

Ontario|

* Protestant Protective Association
* Reform
* New Reform
* Social Credit
* Trillium

Quebec|

* Action démocratique du Québec
* Conservatives
* Progressive Conservative
* Ralliement créditiste
* Union nationale
* Unité nationale

Yukon|

* Independent Alliance
* Progressive Conservative

Others|

* Château Clique
* Family Compact
* Parti bleu
* Upper Canada Tories

Municipal

British Columbia|

* ABC Vancouver
* New West Progressives
* Non-Partisan Association (Vancouver)
* Progress Vancouver
* Surrey First
* Vancouver 1st

Quebec|

* Civic Party of Montreal (1960—1994)
* Coalition Montréal (2017—2021)
* Parti Montréal Ville-Marie (2005—2015)
* Action civique de Québec (2001—2009)

Toronto|

* Responsible Government Group (2009—2010)

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