Liberal Party (Hungary)

Former Hungarian political party (1875–1906)

Liberal Party

Szabadelvű Párt

Historical leaders| István Gorove,
Kálmán Tisza,
Gusztáv Vizsolyi
Founded| 1 March 1875 (1875-03-01)
Dissolved| 11 April 1906 (1906-04-11)
Merger of| Deák Party
Left Centre
Succeeded by| National Party of Work (since 1910)
Headquarters| Budapest, Hungary
Colours|    Blue

* Politics of Hungary
* Political parties
* Elections

The Liberal Party (Hungarian: Szabadelvű Párt) was a political party in Hungary between 1875 and 1906.

## History

[edit]

The party was established in February 1875 by a merger of the Deák Party and the Left Centre,[1] and won a landslide victory in the July–August 1875 parliamentary elections, winning 333 of the 414 seats in the Diet. Former Left Centre member Kálmán Tisza became prime minister, a post he held until 1890. The Liberal Party was a main supporter of the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867 and the partnership with Austria. However the Austro-Hungarian Compromise remained bitterly unpopular among the ethnic Hungarian voters,[2] and the continuous successes of the pro-compromise Liberal Party in parliamentary elections caused long-lasting frustration for Hungarians. The ethnic minorities had the key role in the maintenance of the compromise in Hungary because they were able to vote the pro-compromise Liberal Party to election victories. The pro-compromise liberal parties were the most popular among ethnic minority voters, with Slovak, Serb and Romanian minority parties remaining unpopular among their own ethnic minority voters. The Liberal Party was often called the "Imperialist Party" due to its support for the Austro-Hungarian Compromise, and had a negative connotation as a supporter of the political and economic interests of Austrian Empire, and the Habsburg Emperor, hence the ethnic Hungarian voters mocked the party as "the Imperialists". In the 1905 elections, the coalitions of Hungarian nationalist parties like the Independence and '48 Party won the most seats. The nationalist coalition was supported by the overwhelming majority of ethnic Hungarian voters.[3] In 1906 King Franz Joseph announced a new election, which was won by the nationalist coalition again. Due to these defeat at the parliamentary election, the Liberal Party has disbanded itself, and it was reorganized under a new name: National Party of Work in 1910.

## Support

[edit]

The voting districts that predominantly supported the government and the Liberal Party were chiefly situated in regions inhabited by ethnic minorities, whereas opposition strongholds were found in areas with a Hungarian majority. To secure the ruling party's success, the districts in minority regions were delineated to be smaller than those in Hungarian-majority regions. This strategy enabled the election of a greater number of representatives from minority-dominated districts to parliament, which further shrunk the value of votes in ethnic Hungarian territories. Consequently, the Liberal Party was able to sustain its parliamentary majority for an extended period with considerable success.[4]

The party passed legislation for Jewish emancipation and appointed Jews to parliament (both the upper and lower houses) in 1867. In return, many Jews supported the party. Many districts of Budapest, where Jews made up half of the voters, reliably voted for the Liberal candidate.[5]

## Election results

[edit]

### National Assembly

[edit]

Election  | Leader  | Votes  | %  | Seats  | Rank  | Status

|
|
|
|
|
|

1875 | Kálmán Tisza |  |  |

333 / 414

| 1st | Government
1878 | István Gorove |  |  |

235 / 413

| 1st | Government
1881 | Gusztáv Vizsolyi |  |  |

333 / 414

| 1st | Government
1884 | Gusztáv Vizsolyi |  |  |

234 / 413

| 1st | Government
1887 | Gusztáv Vizsolyi |  |  |

263 / 413

| 1st | Government
1892 | Frigyes Podmaniczky [hu] |  |  |

243 / 413

| 1st | Government
1896 | Frigyes Podmaniczky [hu] |  |  |

290 / 413

| 1st | Government
1901 | Frigyes Podmaniczky [hu] |  |  |

277 / 413

| 1st | Government
1905 | Frigyes Podmaniczky [hu] |  |  |

159 / 413

| 2nd | Government

## References

[edit]

1. ^ Vincent E. McHale (1983). Political parties of Europe. Greenwood Press. p. 505\. ISBN 0-313-23804-9.
2. ^ Cieger András. "Kormány a mérlegen – a múlt században". Center for Culture & Communication Foundation (in Hungarian).
3. ^ András Gerő (2014). Nationalities and the Hungarian Parliament (1867–1918) (PDF).
4. ^ "The golden age of Hungarian history, which is not yet a positive memory". 444. 20 February 2023.
5. ^ Lorman, Thomas (2019). The Making of the Slovak People's Party: Religion, Nationalism and the Culture War in Early 20th-Century Europe. London: Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 48\. ISBN 978-1-350-10938-4.

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