Libertia

Genus of flowering plants

"Nematostigma" redirects here. For the defunct nettle genus, see Gironniera.

Libertia

Libertia grandiflora
Scientific classification
Kingdom:  | Plantae
Clade:  | Tracheophytes
Clade:  | Angiosperms
Clade:  | Monocots
Order:  | Asparagales
Family:  | Iridaceae
Subfamily:  | Iridoideae
Tribe:  | Sisyrinchieae
Genus:  | Libertia
Spreng. 1824, conserved name not Dumort. 1822 (syn of Hosta) nor Lej. 1825 (syn of Bromus)
Type species
Libertia ixioides

(Forster f.) Spreng.

Synonyms[1]

* Tekel Adans.
* Tekelia Scop.
* Renealmia R.Br. 1810 not L. 1753 nor L.f. 1782
* Nematostigma A.Dietr.
* Orthrosanthus Sweet
* Taumastos Raf.
* Choeradodia Herb.
* Ezeria Raf.

Libertia peregrinans

Libertia is a genus of monocotyledonous plants in the family Iridaceae, first described as a genus in 1824.[2] It is native to South America, Australia, New Guinea, and New Zealand. Eight species are endemic to New Zealand.[1][3][4]

Libertia is made up of herbaceous or evergreen perennials growing from short rhizomes,[2] with simple, linear or narrowly lanceolate basal leaves which are often green but may be red, orange, or yellow under direct sunlight.[5] The showy white or blue trimerous flowers are open in spring and are followed by capsules opening by three valves which contain the numerous seeds.[6]

The genus was named after the Belgian botanist Marie-Anne Libert[7] (1782–1865) (also referred to as Anne-Marie Libert).[8]

The species Libertia chilensis has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.[9][10]

Species[1]

* Libertia chilensis (Molina) Gunckel \- central + southern Chile, southern Argentina, Juan Fernández Islands
* Libertia colombiana R.C.Foster \- Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia
* Libertia cranwelliae Blanchon, B.G.Murray & Braggins \- North Island of New Zealand[3]
* Libertia edgariae Blanchon, B.G.Murray & Braggins \- North Island of New Zealand[3]
* Libertia falcata Ravenna \- Los Lagos region of Chile
* Libertia flaccidifolia Blanchon & J.S.Weaver \- North Island of New Zealand
* Libertia grandiflora (R.Br.) Sweet \- North + South Islands of New Zealand
* Libertia insignis Ravenna \- Los Lagos region of Chile
* Libertia ixioides (G.Forst.) Spreng. \- North + South Islands of New Zealand
* Libertia micrantha A.Cunn. - North + South Islands of New Zealand
* Libertia mooreae Blanchon, B.G.Murray & Braggins \- North + South Islands of New Zealand[3]
* Libertia paniculata (R.Br.) Spreng. \- eastern Australia[11] \- Branching Grass Flag
* Libertia peregrinans Cockayne & Allan \- North + South + Chatham Islands of New Zealand
* Libertia pulchella (R.Br.) Spreng. \- New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania, North + South Islands of New Zealand, New Guinea[4][12]
* Libertia sessiliflora (Poepp.) Skottsb. \- central Chile
* Libertia tricocca Phil. \- central + southern Chile
* Libertia umbellata Ravenna \- Los Lagos region of Chile

Selected formerly included[1]

Numerous names have been coined using the name Libertia, referring to species that are now regarded as better suited to other genera (Bromus Cardiocrinum Hosta Orthrosanthus).

* Libertia arduennensis - Bromus bromoideus
* Libertia arundinacea - Bromus bromoideus
* Libertia azurea - Orthrosanthus multiflorus
* Libertia cernua - Hosta plantaginea
* Libertia graminea - Orthrosanthus laxus var. gramineus
* Libertia heteroclita - Cardiocrinum cordatum
* Libertia laxa - Orthrosanthus laxus
* Libertia recta - Hosta ventricosa
* Libertia stricta - Orthrosanthus multiflorus

## Cytology

[edit]

Libertia has a high rate of polyploidy, with 9/11 of assessed species confirmed as polyploid and only 3 confirmed as diploid.[3] This is not unprecedented, with polyploidy being a common feature in the tribe Sisyrinchieae.[13] The uniform base number of x=19[13] is, however, defining within the tribe. This base number is not found elsewhere in the tribe and only Diplarrhena and Solenomelus have uniform base numbers intragenerically.[13]

All New Zealand endemic species of Libertia are diploid, hexaploid or dodecaploid,[14][15][16][17][3] while these levels of ploidy have not been found outside New Zealand. Polyploidy is more prevalent in New Zealand species across all botanical taxa[18][19] and this has been attributed as a relic of glacial refugia during glacial maximums.[20]

Distribution  | Species  | Ploidy Level  | Chromosomal Count  | Contention

|
|
|
|

South American  | L. chilensis | 4x (6x)  | 76[15] (72, 114)[21] | Due to numerous issues with this study, authors found the sample, identified as Libertia ixioides (New Zealand endemic) but collected from Chile, to have 72 chromosomes present.[22] This was most likely a misidentification of Libertia chilensis, with a further error in counting.

Samples from the Juan Fernandez Islands were found to have 114 chromosomes, in comparison to the 76 found on the mainland.[21]

South American  | L. colombiana | No data available.  | No data available.  |
New Zealand endemic  | L. cranwelliae | 12x  | 228[3] |
New Zealand endemic  | L. edgariae | 6x  | 114[3] |
South American  | L. falcata | No data available.  | No data available.  |
New Zealand endemic  | L. flaccidifolia | 12x  | 228[14] |
New Zealand endemic  | L. grandiflora | 6x  | 114[17] (228, 230)[14] | The 228/230 chromosome specimen was likely Libertia flaccidifolia,[17] before the 2009 naming by Blanchon and Weaver.[14]
South American  | L. insignis | No data available.  | No data available.  |
New Zealand endemic  | L. ixioides | 12x  | 228[17] (220-230, 230)[15] | Due to the difficulty in counting chromosomes, authors found between 220 and 230 chromosomes in different counts, with 228 being the average count.[15]
New Zealand endemic  | L. micrantha | 2x  | 38[15] |
New Zealand endemic  | L. mooreae | 6x  | 114[3] |
Australian  | L. paniculata | 4x  | 76[15] |
New Zealand endemic  | L. peregrinans | 6x  | 114[16] |
Australasia  | L. pulchella | 2x  | 38[16] |
South American  | L. sessiliflora | 2x  | 38[15] |
South American  | L. tricocca | No data available.  | No data available.  |
South American  | L. umbellata | No data available.  | No data available.  |

## References

[edit]

1. ^ a b c d Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
2. ^ a b Sprengel, Curt Polycarp Joachim 1824. Systema Vegetabilium, editio decima sexta 1: 127 in Latin
3. ^ a b c d e f g h i Blanchon, D.J.; et al. (2002). "A taxonomic revision of Libertia (Iridaceae) in New Zealand". New Zealand Journal of Botany. 40 (3): 437–456\. Bibcode:2002NZJB...40..437B. doi:10.1080/0028825x.2002.9512805. S2CID 83634447.
4. ^ a b "Census of vascular plants of Papua New Guinea". Retrieved 2010-01-01.
5. ^ "Stephen Butler | IGPS Blog". igpsblogs.wordpress.com. Retrieved 2017-03-12.
6. ^ Goldblatt; Henrich; Keating, Peter; James; Richard (1989). "Seed morphology of Sisyrinchium (Iridaceae-Sisyrinchieae) and its allies". Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden. 76 (4): 1109–1117\. doi:10.2307/2399695. JSTOR 2399695.`{{cite journal}}`: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
7. ^ Quattrocchi, Umberto (2006). CRC World Dictionary of Grasses, Common Names, Scientific Names, Eponyms, Synonyms, and Etymology. Vol. 1\. Taylor and Francis. p. 124\. ISBN 9781420003222.
8. ^ Manning, John; Goldblatt, Peter (2008). The Iris Family: Natural History & Classification. Portland, Oregon: Timber Press. pp. 215–16\. ISBN 978-0-88192-897-6.
9. ^ "RHS Plantfinder - Libertia chilensis". Retrieved 22 March 2018.
10. ^ "AGM Plants - Ornamental" (PDF). Royal Horticultural Society. July 2017. p. 60. Retrieved 14 March 2018.
11. ^ "Libertia paniculata". Australian Plant Name Index (APNI), IBIS database. Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research, Australian Government.
12. ^ "Libertia pulchella". Australian Plant Name Index (APNI), IBIS database. Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research, Australian Government.
13. ^ a b c Goldblatt; Takei, P.; M. (1997). "Chromosome cytology of Iridaceae-patterns of variation, determination of ancestral base numbers, and modes of karyotype change". Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden. 85 (2): 285–304\. doi:10.2307/2400005. JSTOR 2400005.`{{cite journal}}`: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
14. ^ a b c d Blanchon; Weaver, D.J.; J.S. (2009). "Libertia flaccidifolia (Iridaceae), a new species from Mt. Tamahunga, Northland, New Zealand". New Zealand Journal of Botany. 47 (3): 317–324\. Bibcode:2009NZJB...47..317B. doi:10.1080/00288250909509812. S2CID 86060799.`{{cite journal}}`: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
15. ^ a b c d e f g Blanchon, D.J. (2000). "Chromosome numbers in the genus Libertia". New Zealand Journal of Botany. 38 (2): 245–250\. doi:10.1080/0028825x.2000.9512681.
16. ^ a b c Hair; Beuzenberg; Pearson, J.B.; E.J.; B. (1967). "Contributions to a chromosome atlas of the New Zealand flora - 9. Miscellaneous families". New Zealand Journal of Botany. 5: 185–196\. doi:10.1080/0028825x.1967.10428739.`{{cite journal}}`: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
17. ^ a b c d Moore, L.B. (1967). "The New Zealand species of Libertia (Iridaceae)". New Zealand Journal of Botany. 5 (2): 255–275\. Bibcode:1967NZJB....5..255M. doi:10.1080/0028825x.1967.10428745.
18. ^ Rendle; Murray, H.; B.G. (1989). "Chromosome relationships and breeding barriers in New Zealand species of Ranunculus". New Zealand Journal of Botany. 27 (3): 437–444\. Bibcode:1989NZJB...27..437R. doi:10.1080/0028825x.1989.10414124.`{{cite journal}}`: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
19. ^ Murray; Cameron; Standring, B.G.; E.K.; L.S. (1992). "Chromosome numbers, karyotypes, and nuclear DNA variation in Pratia Gaudin (Lobeliaceae)". New Zealand Journal of Botany. 30 (2): 181–187\. Bibcode:1992NZJB...30..181M. doi:10.1080/0028825x.1992.10412897.`{{cite journal}}`: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
20. ^ McQueen, D.R. (1992). "Disjunction of tree species in mountain forests, southern North Island, New Zealand: a review of paleobotanical evidence". Pacific Science. 46 (2): 269–275.
21. ^ a b Sanders; Stuessy; Rodriguez, R.W.; T.F.; R. (1983). "Chromosome numbers from the flora of the Juan Fernandez Islands". American Journal of Botany. 70 (6): 799–810\. doi:10.2307/2442929. JSTOR 2442929.`{{cite journal}}`: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
22. ^ Kenton; Heywood, A.; C.A. (1984). "Cytological studies in South American Iridaceae". Plant Systematics and Evolution. 146 (1–2): 87–104\. Bibcode:1984PSyEv.146...87K. doi:10.1007/bf00984056. S2CID 39542853.1–2&rft.pages=87-104&rft.date=1984&rft_id=https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:39542853#id-name=S2CID&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007/bf00984056&rft_id=info:bibcode/1984PSyEv.146...87K&rft.aulast=Kenton;+Heywood&rft.aufirst=A.;+C.A.&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Libertia" class="Z3988">`{{cite journal}}`: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

Wikispecies has information related to Libertia.

Taxon identifiers

Libertia|

* Wikidata: Q2700376
* Wikispecies: Libertia
* APNI: 89451
* BOLD: 426354
* CoL: 8VYWR
* EoL: 62590
* FNA: 118502
* FoAO2: Libertia
* FoC: 118502
* GBIF: 2744798
* GRIN: 6809
* iNaturalist: 59942
* IPNI: 24436-1
* IRMNG: 1351006
* ITIS: 43303
* NBN: NHMSYS0000460325
* NCBI: 58959
* NZOR: 8e50aa90-69ef-43c1-98cc-f3f5445eb0e3
* Open Tree of Life: 165889
* PLANTS: LIBER
* POWO: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:331227-2
* VicFlora: f22d5999-85ce-4f20-b82c-369d1de338ff
* WFO: wfo-4000021666