Liberty (1881–1908)

Liberty

First issue of Liberty (August 6, 1881)

Type| Political philosophy
Format| Biweekly newspaper
Editor| Benjamin Tucker
Founded| 1881 (1881)
Political alignment| Anarchism, Libertarian Socialism, Mutualism
Language| English
Ceased publication| 1908; 115 years ago (1908)
Headquarters| Boston, Massachusetts
Part of a series on

Anarchism

* History
* Outline

Schools of thought

* Feminist
* Green
* Primitivist
* Social ecology
* Total liberation
* Individualist
* Egoist
* Free-market
* Naturist
* Philosophical
* Mutualism
* Postcolonial
* African
* Black
* Queer
* Religious
* Christian
* Jewish
* Social
* Collectivist
* Parecon
* Communist
* Magonism
* Without adjectives

Methodology

* Agorism
* Illegalism
* Insurrectionary
* Communization
* Expropriative
* Pacifist
* Platformism
* Especifismo
* Relationship
* Syndicalist
* Synthesis

* Theory
* Practice

* Anarchy
* Anarchist Black Cross
* Anarchist criminology
* Anationalism
* Anti-authoritarianism
* Anti-capitalism
* Anti-militarism
* Affinity group
* Autonomous social center
* Black bloc
* Classless society
* Class struggle
* Consensus decision-making
* Conscientious objector
* Critique of work
* Decentralization
* Deep ecology
* Direct action
* Free association
* Free love
* Freethought
* Horizontalidad
* Individualism
* Isocracy
* Law
* Mutual aid
* Participatory politics
* Permanent autonomous zone
* Prefigurative politics
* Proletarian internationalism
* Propaganda of the deed
* Refusal of work
* Revolution
* Revolutionary spontaneity
* Rewilding
* Security culture
* Self-ownership
* Social ecology
* Sociocracy
* Somatherapy
* Spontaneous order
* Squatting
* Temporary autonomous zone
* Union of egoists
* Voluntary association
* Workers' council

People

* Armand
* Ba
* Bakunin
* Berkman
* Bonanno
* Bookchin
* Chomsky
* Cleyre
* Day
* Durruti
* Ellul
* Ervin
* Faure
* Ferrer
* Feyerabend
* Godwin
* Goldman
* González Prada
* Graeber
* Guillaume
* He-Yin
* Kanno
* Kōtoku
* Kropotkin
* Landauer
* Liu
* Magón
* Makhno
* Malatesta
* Michel
* Most
* Parsons
* Pi
* Proudhon
* Rocker
* Santillán
* Spooner
* Stirner
* Thoreau
* Tolstoy
* Tucker
* Volin
* Ward
* Warren
* Zerzan

Issues

* Animal rights
* Capitalism
* Education
* Love and sex
* Nationalism
* Religion
* Violence

History

* Paris Commune
* Spanish Regional Federation of the IWA
* Cantonal rebellion
* Hague Congress
* International Conference of Rome
* Trial of the Thirty
* Haymarket affair
* May Day
* Congress of Amsterdam
* Tragic Week
* High Treason Incident
* Manifesto of the Sixteen
* Individualist anarchism in the United States
* 1919 United States bombings
* Biennio Rosso
* German Revolution of 1918–1919
* Bavarian Soviet Republic
* Kronstadt rebellion
* Makhnovshchina
* Amakasu Incident
* Escuela Moderna
* Individualist anarchism in Europe
* Spanish Revolution of 1936
* Barcelona May Days
* Red inverted triangle
* Labadie Collection
* May 1968
* Provo
* LIP
* Kate Sharpley Library
* Australian Anarchist Centenary
* Carnival Against Capital
* 1999 Seattle WTO protests
* Really Really Free Market
* Occupy movement

Culture

* A las Barricadas
* Anarchist bookfair
* Anarcho-punk
* Arts
* Culture jamming
* DIY ethic
* Films
* Freeganism
* Glossary
* Infoshop
* Independent Media Center
* The Internationale
* Jewish anarchism
* Lifestylism
* "No gods, no masters"
* Popular education
* "Property is theft!"
* Radical cheerleading
* Radical environmentalism
* Squatting
* Symbolism

Economics

* Communization
* Cooperative
* Cost the limit of price
* General strike
* Gift economy
* Give-away shop
* Free association
* Labour voucher
* Market abolitionism
* Mutual aid
* Mutual credit
* Participatory economics
* Social ownership
* Wage slavery
* Workers' self-management

By region

* Africa
* Albania
* Algeria
* Andorra
* Argentina
* Armenia
* Australia
* Austria
* Azerbaijan
* Bangladesh
* Belarus
* Belgium
* Bolivia
* Bosnia and Herzegovina
* Brazil
* Bulgaria
* Canada
* Chile
* China
* Colombia
* Costa Rica
* Croatia
* Cuba
* Czech Republic
* Denmark
* Dominican Republic
* East Timor
* Ecuador
* Egypt
* El Salvador
* Estonia
* Finland
* France
* French Guiana
* Georgia
* Germany
* Greece
* Guatemala
* Hong Kong
* Hungary
* Iceland
* India
* Indonesia
* Iran
* Ireland
* Israel
* Italy
* Japan
* Korea
* Latvia
* Malaysia
* Mexico
* Monaco
* Mongolia
* Morocco
* Netherlands
* New Zealand
* Nicaragua
* Nigeria
* Norway
* Panama
* Paraguay
* Peru
* Philippines
* Poland
* Portugal
* Puerto Rico
* Romania
* Russia
* Serbia
* Singapore
* South Africa
* Spain
* Sweden
* Switzerland
* Syria
* Taiwan
* Tunisia
* Turkey
* Ukraine
* United Kingdom
* United States
* Uruguay
* Venezuela
* Vietnam

Lists

* Anarcho-punk bands
* Books
* Communities
* Fictional characters
* Films
* Jewish anarchists
* Musicians
* Periodicals

Related topics

* Anti-corporatism
* Anti-consumerism
* Anti-fascism
* Anti-globalization
* Anti-statism
* Anti-war movement
* Autarchism
* Autonomism
* Communism
* Counter-economics
* Definition of anarchism and libertarianism
* Labour movement
* Left communism
* Left-libertarianism
* Libertarianism
* Libertarian Marxism
* Libertarian socialism
* Marxism
* Situationist International
* Socialism
* Spontaneous order
* Voluntaryism

* Anarchism portal
* Politics portal

* v
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Part of a series on

Libertarian socialism

Political concepts

* Anti-authoritarianism
* Class conflict
* Decentralization
* Egalitarian community
* Free association
* Mutual aid
* Revolutionary spontaneity
* Workers' control

Economics

* Anti-capitalism
* Communization
* Co-operative economics
* Decentralized planning
* Economic democracy
* Industrial democracy
* Participatory economics
* Socialization
* Socialist economics
* Worker cooperative
* Workers' self-management

People

* Albert
* Andrews
* Bakunin
* Berkman
* Bookchin
* Camus
* Castoriadis
* Chomsky
* Cole
* Déjacque
* Foot
* Fotopoulos
* Fourier
* Guérin
* Kropotkin
* Lefort
* Margall
* Morris
* Marcuse
* Pallis
* Pankhurst
* Pannekoek
* Proudhon
* Rocker
* Rühle

Philosophies and tendencies

|  Anarchist tendencies

* Social anarchism
* Communist
* Collectivist
* Individualist anarchism
* Market
* Mutualism
* Anarcho-syndicalism

Marxist tendencies

* Autonomism
* Chaulieu–Montal tendency
* Council communism
* Situationism
* Western Marxism

Other tendencies

* Democratic confederalism
* Guild socialism
* Libertarian municipalism
* Utopian socialism
* Neozapatismo

History

* International Workingmen's Association
* Revolutions of 1917–1923
* Korean People's Association in Manchuria
* Spanish Revolution of 1936
* New Left
* New social movements
* Zapatista uprising
* MAREZ
* Rojava Revolution
* AANES

Related topics

* Communism
* Libertarianism
* Social democracy
* Socialism
* Democratic socialism
* Eco-socialism
* Syndicalism

* Anarchism portal
* Libertarianism portal
* Socialism portal
* Politics portal

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Liberty was a 19th-century anarchist market socialist[1] and libertarian socialist[2] periodical published in the United States by Benjamin Tucker from August 1881 to April 1908.

It was instrumental in developing and formalizing the American individualist anarchist market socialist philosophy, publishing essays and serving as a format for debate.

Contributors included Tucker, Lysander Spooner, Auberon Herbert, Dyer Lum, Joshua K. Ingalls, John Henry Mackay, Victor Yarros, Wordsworth Donisthorpe, James L. Walker, J. William Lloyd, Voltairine de Cleyre, Steven T. Byington, John Beverley Robinson, Jo Labadie and Henry Appleton. Its masthead featured a quote from Pierre-Joseph Proudhon, that liberty is "Not the Daughter But the Mother of Order".

## Purpose[edit]

Benjamin Tucker was an American individualist anarchist and made it clear that the purpose of the journal was to further his point of view, saying in the first issue:

> The journal will be edited to suit its editor, not its readers. He hopes that what suits him will suit them; but, if not, it will make no difference. No subscriber, or body of subscribers, will be allowed to govern his course, dictate his policy, or prescribe his methods. Liberty is published for the very definite purpose of spreading certain ideas, and no claim will be admitted, on any pretext of freedom of speech, to waste its limited space in hindering the attainment of that object. We are not afraid of discussion, and shall do what we can to make room for short, serious, and well-considered objection to our views.

However, the journal did become a forum for argumentation about diverse views and Tucker credited both Josiah Warren and the social anarchist Proudhon as influences for Liberty. For instance, says of Proudhon the following: "Liberty is a journal brought into existence almost as a direct consequences of the teachings of Proudhon" (Liberty I). He later said that Liberty was "the foremost organ of Josiah Warren's doctrines" (Liberty IX).

## Revival[edit]

In 1974, an attempt to revive Tucker's Liberty was undertaken by some of Laurance Labadie's associates. Edited by Earl Foley and Walter Carroll, it billed itself as "The Revival of Liberty". The first issue contained articles by Labadie, Lynne Farrow and Earl Foley. Its editorial says: "We align ourselves with the Individualist Anarchist tradition of Josiah Warren and Benjamin Tucker". However, the revival did not survive past the first issue.[3]

In 2007, mutualist archivist Shawn P. Wilbur used microfiche obtained from Libertarian Microfiche Publishing to release the first full-text digital archive of Liberty.[4]

## See also[edit]

* Individualist anarchism
* Individualist anarchism in the United States
* Libertarian socialism
* List of anarchist periodicals
* Lucifer the Lightbearer (1883–1907)

## References[edit]

1. ^ McKay, Iain. An Anarchist FAQ. AK Press. Oakland. 2008. pp 60.
2. ^ McKay, Iain. An Anarchist FAQ. AK Press. Oakland. 2008. pp 22
3. ^ "Laurance Labadie: Keeper of the Flame".
4. ^ "Index of Liberty" Archived 2010-08-07 at the Wayback Machine (2007).

## External links[edit]

* Complete archive of Liberty and Libertas at the Libertarian Labyrinth
* Individual Liberty a collection of many of Tucker's publications from Liberty
* Comprehensive Index to Liberty
* Benjamin Tucker, Liberty, and Individualist Anarchism by Wendy McElroy
* Benjamin R Tucker & the Champions of Liberty: A Centenary Anthology edited by Michael E. Coughlin, Charles H. Hamilton and Mark A. Sullivan
* The English Individualists As They Appear In Liberty by Carl Watner
* Benjamin Tucker and His Periodical, Liberty by Carl Watner
* Liberty and Taxation by Benjamin Tucker

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