Limoges Box

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The Limoges Box is type of small hinged porcelain trinket box produced by Limoges porcelain factories near the city of Limoges, France. They are made of hard-paste porcelain and collected worldwide.

Limoges porcelain boxes were first created in the mid-18th century after Jacques Turgot, Finance Minister of King Louis XVI, gave a Royal edict to the city of Limoges, France the exclusive right to produce Royal Limoges porcelain for the Kingdom of France. The first Limoges trinket boxes were long narrow containers that were created for expensive needles. From here, other shapes of limoges porcelain boxes evolved. The earliest were those that held thimbles and embroidery scissors and then round flat Limoges boxes were formed and used as powder boxes, and/or snuff boxes. Under Louis XIV these small boxes were used to hold a lock of lady's hair or small poem.

Exactly when and who made the first porcelain snuffbox is up for debate. There were faience snuffboxes that were produced sometime around 1730. These cannot be identified by back stamp marks, for none were put on them. There were four big porcelain factories that made snuff boxes around this time, Chantilly porcelain (1725–1800), Saint-Cloud porcelain (1677–1766), Mennecy porcelain (1734–73), and the royal Vincennes porcelain (1740–56), which moved to become Sèvres porcelain (1756–present). Additionally independent makers produced them with no signature or marking.

Snuff eventually went out of fashion around the time of the French Revolution but putting pills in Limoges boxes became popular. During the Victorian era the Limoges boxes lost popularity again until the 1970s when people began to carry their pills in the Limoges porcelain boxes. In the 20th century they became popularly used as pillboxes.

The creation of the Limoges Porcelain box is an arduous and time intensive process of creating a master mold, detail painting by hand of color and design, performing multiple firings and glazing upon the porcelain mold, and a final touch of a metal hinge for opening and closing. The painting of the Limoges porcelain in the Limoges box industry are accomplished by small handed French artisans, as experts at the fine brush strokes required for such detailed work. After painting, there are multiple firings. The final firing at a temperature of 1400C is unique to Limoges, giving them a very fine pure and strong white finish. The final touch to a Limoges box is the metal hinged mountings that are meticulously fitted to the finished box. The entire work process is made by hand, so small variations are the norm, thus making each piece really unique. Each model is often made in very limited numbers, & signed by the artists or the atelier.

Limoges boxes once were often gold boxes that contained portraits of king and other political figures. Napoleon I was one of the great snuffbox collectors, he had about 100 gold portrait boxes made as tokens of appreciation from his political supporters.

## References

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* Mira Lash, (List of all Limoges Porcelain: Exclusive Designs and Antiques).
* Debby Dubay, Collecting Hand Painted Limoges Porcelain: Boxes to Vases).
* Mary Frank Gaston, The Collector's Encyclopedia of Limoges.
* Faye Strumpf, Limoges Boxes (2003).
* Nancy du Tertre, The Art of the Limoges Box (2000).
* Marina Chernyak,  Limoges factory

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Porcelain

China|

| General:|

* Chinese porcelain
* Chinese export porcelain
* Chinese influences on Islamic pottery
* Fonthill Vase (1338)

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Types:|

* Proto-celadon (16th century BCE)
* Celadon (1st century)
* Yue (2nd century)
* Xing (6th century)
* Ding (10th century)
* Qingbai (12th century)
* Jingdezhen (11th century on)
* Blue and white (14th century on)
* Blanc de Chine (14th century on)
* Kraak (16th century)
* Swatow (16th century)
* Tianqi (17th century)
* Kangxi (17th century)
* Famille jaune, noire, rose, verte (17th century)
* Canton (18th century)

Japan|

| General:|

* Japanese porcelain
* Japanese export porcelain

|

Types:|

* Arita
* Imari
* Nabeshima
* Kakiemon
* Kutani
* Hirado

Korea|

| General:|

* Korean porcelain

|

Types:|

* Goryeo (10th century)
* Joseon (14th century)

Europe|

| General:|

* List of companies
* French porcelain
* Chinese porcelain in European painting
* Armorial ware

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Types:|

* Medici (1575)
* Rouen (1673)
* Saint-Cloud (1693)
* Meissen (1710)
* Vienna (1718)
* Rörstrand (1726)
* Chantilly (1730)
* Doccia (1735)
* Vincennes (1740)
* Chelsea (1743)
* Capodimonte (1743)
* Saint Petersburg (1744)
* Mennecy (1745)
* Bow (1747)
* Fürstenberg (1747)
* Nymphenburg (1747)
* Plymouth (1748)
* Villeroy & Boch (1748)
* Worcester (1751)
* Frankenthal (1755)
* Sèvres (1756)
* Derby (1757)
* Ludwigsburg (1758)
* Weesp (1759)
* Retiro (1760)
* Wedgwood (1759)
* Berlin (1763)
* Wallendorf (1764)
* Revol (1768)
* Limoges (1771)
* Loosdrecht (1774)
* Copenhagen (1775)
* Clignancourt (1775)
* Hollóháza (1777)
* Dihl & Guérhard (1781)
* Mintons (1793)
* Hutschenreuther (1814)
* Doulton (1815)
* Lichte (1822)
* Herend (1826)
* Bing & Grøndahl (1853)
* Zsolnay (1853)
* Wagner & Apel (1877)
* Rosenthal (1879)
* Porsgrund (1885)
* Augarten (1923)

Technologies|

* Soft-paste porcelain
* Hard-paste porcelain
* Bone china
* Overglaze decoration
* China painting
* Biscuit
* Factory mark

People|

* Chinamen
* Ehrenfried Walther von Tschirnhaus
* Johann Friedrich Böttger
* François Xavier d'Entrecolles
* Dmitry Vinogradov

Collections|

* British Museum (London): Asia Department / Percival David Foundation
* The David Collection (Copenhagen)
* Dresden Porcelain Collection (Dresden)
* Gardiner Museum (Toronto)
* Kuskovo State Museum of Ceramics (Moscow)
* Sèvres – Cité de la céramique (Paris)
* Musée des Arts Décoratifs (Paris)
* Palace Museum (Beijing)
* Topkapı Palace (Istanbul)
* Victoria and Albert Museum (London)
* Museum of Royal Worcester (Worcester)
* Walters Art Museum (Baltimore)
* Ludwigsburg Palace (Ludwigsburg)

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