Linfen

Prefecture-level city in Shanxi, People's Republic of China

Linfen

临汾市

Pingyang

Prefecture-level city

Drum Tower of Linfen

Location of Linfen City jurisdiction in Shanxi

Linfen

Location of the city centre in Shanxi

Coordinates (Linfen municipal government): 36°05′17″N 111°31′08″E﻿ / ﻿36.088°N 111.519°E﻿ / 36.088; 111.519
Country| People's Republic of China
Province| Shanxi
County-level divisions| 17
Municipal seat| Yaodu District
Government

• Type| Prefecture-level city
• CPC Linfen Secretary| Yue Puyu (岳普煜)
• Mayor| Liu Yuqiang (刘予强)
Area

• Prefecture-level city

| 20,275 km2 (7,828 sq mi)
• Urban

| 1,307 km2 (505 sq mi)
• Metro

| 1,307 km2 (505 sq mi)
Elevation

| 452 m (1,483 ft)
Highest elevation

| 2,346.8 m (7,699.5 ft)
Lowest elevation

| 385.1 m (1,263.5 ft)
Population

(2020 census)[1]

• Prefecture-level city

| 3,976,481
• Density| 200/km2 (510/sq mi)
• Urban

| 959,198
• Urban density| 730/km2 (1,900/sq mi)
• Metro

| 959,198
• Metro density| 730/km2 (1,900/sq mi)
GDP[2]

• Prefecture-level city| CN¥ 150 billion
US$ 23.7 billion
• Per capita| CN¥ 37,848
US$ 6,056
Time zone| UTC+8 (China Standard)
Postal code|

041000

Area code| 0357
ISO 3166 code| CN-SX-10
Licence plates| 晋L
Administrative division code| 141000
Website| linfen.gov.cn
Linfen

Traditional Chinese| 臨汾
Simplified Chinese| 临汾
| Transcriptions

Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyin| Línfén
Wade–Giles| Lin-fen
Jin Prefecture
Jinzhou
Traditional Chinese| 晉州
Simplified Chinese| 晋州
| Transcriptions

Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyin| Jìnzhōu
Wade–Giles| Chin-chou
Pingyang Commandery
Pingyang
Traditional Chinese| 平陽郡
Simplified Chinese| 平阳郡
| Transcriptions

Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyin| Píngyángjùn
Wade–Giles| P'ing-yang Chün

Linfen (simplified Chinese: 临汾; traditional Chinese: 臨汾; pinyin: Lín Fén) is a prefecture-level city in the southwest of Shanxi province, China, bordering Shaanxi province to the west. Linfen City is located in the southern part of Shanxi Province, with the remaining branches of Taiyue to the east and the Luliang Mountains to the west. In the middle is a vast river valley plain, with the Fen River mainstream running across the north and south, and the land on both sides is fertile.[4] It is situated along the banks of the Fen River. It has an area of 20,275 square kilometres (7,828 sq mi)[5] and according to the 2020 Census, a population of 3,976,481 inhabitants of which 959,198 live in the built-up (or metro) area made up of Yaodu urban district. The GDP of Linfen ranked second in Shanxi Province. It was known as Pingyang (平陽) during the Spring and Autumn period. In 2006, the American Blacksmith Institute listed Linfen as one of the ten most polluted cities in the world,[6] but air quality had improved by 2023.[7]

Prior to 1978, Linfen was famous for its spring water, greenery and rich agriculture and therefore nicknamed "The Modern Fruit and Flower Town". Since then it has been developing into a main industrial center for coal mining, which has significantly damaged the city's environment, air quality, farming, health and its previous status as a green village.

## Name

[edit]

Map including Linfen (labeled as 臨汾(平陽) LIN-FEN (P'ING-YANG)) (AMS, 1955)

Linfen is named for the Fen River. Its former names include Jin, Jinzhou (晋州), and Pingyang (平阳).[8] Linfen was called Pingyang in ancient times and was said to be the ancient capital of Yao in the Tang Dynasty. It belonged to Han in the Spring and Autumn Period, and the Qin and Han Dynasties were Hedong prefectures. In the third year of Jin Yongjia, Liu Yuan established his capital here.[9]

## History

[edit]

Linfen during the Second Sino-Japanese War, 1938

Chinese archeologists and archaeogeneticists have argued that legendary ruler Yao's capital was located in Linfen,[10] a confirmation of local legend responsible for the name of the city's Yaodu District. In that sense, Linfen city is the earliest capital of China.

The area was the center of the marchland and duchy of Jin, named for the Jin River (晋水). The duchy collapsed in the 4th century BC but gave its name to a Chinese princely title used as the dynastic name of the Sima clan. Jin Prefecture was centered on the town, which took its name as Jin and Jinzhou. Later, it was renamed Pingyang Commandery, which was also adapted as the name for its chief town.[11] The Xiongnu emperor of Former Zhao Liu Cong made Pingyang his residence in the fourth century. "He kept court at Pingyang in [Shanxi] and ruled over central and southern [Shanxi], over [Shaanxi] (except for the Han basin), northern [Henan] (except for Kaifeng), southern [Hebei], and northern [Shandong]."[12] In the 10th century, the city's walls were considered "fortified beyond approach".[13]

In the 1980s, Linfen was nicknamed "The Modern Fruit and Flower Town".[14][citation needed]

## Geography

[edit]

Linfen is located in the southwestern part of Shanxi, on the lower reaches of the Fen River, bounded by Changzhi and Jincheng to the east, the Yellow River to the west (which also forms the border with Shaanxi), Jinzhong and Lüliang to the north, and Yuncheng to the south. The prefecture ranges in latitude from 35° 23′ N to 36° 37′ N, spanning 170 kilometres (110 mi), and in longitude from 110° 22′ E to 112° 34′ E, spanning 200 km (120 mi). In all, the city's administrative area, at 20,275 square kilometres (7,828 sq mi), covers 13% of the province's area.[5]

Within its borders Linfen City has a variety of topographical features. It is characterised as having a "U" shape, with its mountains, covering 29.2% of the prefectural area, on all four cardinal directions, a basin, the Linfen Basin (临汾盆地), covering 19.4%, in the middle, and intervening hills, covering 51.4%, in between.[5] In the east, from north to south, are Mount Huo (霍山) and the Zhongtiao Mountains; in the west are the Lüliang Mountains, with elevations mostly above 1,000 metres (3,300 ft). The highest point in the prefecture is the main peak of Mount Huo, at 2,347 metres (7,700 ft), and the lowest is in Xiangning County, at 385 metres (1,263 ft). Important rivers in the area include the Yellow, Fen, Xinshui (昕水河), Qin (沁河), Hui (浍河), E (鄂河), and Qingshui Rivers (清水河).

The whole prefecture-level city features a great variety of terrain. The city itself sits in a basin, which aggravates the pollution.

### Climate

[edit]

Linfen has a continental, monsoon-influenced semi-arid climate (Köppen BSk), has a temperate continental climate with four distinct seasons, with rain and heat occurring at the same time.[4] With moderately cold, but dry winters, and hot, somewhat humid summers. The monthly 24-hour average temperature ranges from −2.0 °C (28.4 °F) in January to 26.6 °C (79.9 °F) in July, and the annual mean is 12.6 °C (54.7 °F). The annual precipitation stands at 455.1 millimetres (17.9 in), with close to 70% of this total falling from June to September. The frost-free period lasts on average 190 days per year. Extreme temperatures have ranged from −23.1 °C (−9.6 °F) to 42.3 °C (108.1 °F).[15]

Climate data for Linfen, elevation 450 m (1,480 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1971–2010)

Month  | Jan  | Feb  | Mar  | Apr  | May  | Jun  | Jul  | Aug  | Sep  | Oct  | Nov  | Dec  | Year
Record high °C (°F)  | 15.2
(59.4)  | 21.5
(70.7)  | 29.2
(84.6)  | 36.5
(97.7)  | 38.4
(101.1)  | 42.3
(108.1)  | 41.0
(105.8)  | 39.2
(102.6)  | 39.1
(102.4)  | 32.5
(90.5)  | 25.0
(77.0)  | 15.5
(59.9)  | 42.3
(108.1)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)  | 4.7
(40.5)  | 9.4
(48.9)  | 16.0
(60.8)  | 22.7
(72.9)  | 27.8
(82.0)  | 32.3
(90.1)  | 33.0
(91.4)  | 31.0
(87.8)  | 26.2
(79.2)  | 19.9
(67.8)  | 12.3
(54.1)  | 5.8
(42.4)  | 20.1
(68.2)
Daily mean °C (°F)  | −1.5
(29.3)  | 2.8
(37.0)  | 9.1
(48.4)  | 15.7
(60.3)  | 20.9
(69.6)  | 25.5
(77.9)  | 27.2
(81.0)  | 25.5
(77.9)  | 20.4
(68.7)  | 13.7
(56.7)  | 6.2
(43.2)  | −0.1
(31.8)  | 13.8
(56.8)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)  | −6.3
(20.7)  | −2.3
(27.9)  | 3.5
(38.3)  | 9.5
(49.1)  | 14.6
(58.3)  | 19.6
(67.3)  | 22.4
(72.3)  | 21.2
(70.2)  | 15.9
(60.6)  | 9.0
(48.2)  | 1.5
(34.7)  | −4.5
(23.9)  | 8.7
(47.6)
Record low °C (°F)  | −22.5
(−8.5)  | −23.1
(−9.6)  | −10.0
(14.0)  | −5.0
(23.0)  | 1.3
(34.3)  | 8.5
(47.3)  | 14.7
(58.5)  | 10.7
(51.3)  | 2.3
(36.1)  | −5.0
(23.0)  | −12.8
(9.0)  | −17.6
(0.3)  | −23.1
(−9.6)
Average precipitation mm (inches)  | 4.4
(0.17)  | 6.4
(0.25)  | 10.2
(0.40)  | 30.4
(1.20)  | 39.0
(1.54)  | 50.5
(1.99)  | 114.2
(4.50)  | 84.4
(3.32)  | 62.8
(2.47)  | 37.9
(1.49)  | 16.1
(0.63)  | 2.9
(0.11)  | 459.2
(18.07)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 2.2  | 2.8  | 3.9  | 5.2  | 6.9  | 8.2  | 10.4  | 9.1  | 8.9  | 6.3  | 4.5  | 1.9  | 70.3
Average snowy days  | 3.0  | 2.7  | 0.9  | 0.2  | 0  | 0  | 0  | 0  | 0  | 0  | 1.3  | 2.2  | 10.3
Average relative humidity (%)  | 54  | 52  | 48  | 50  | 52  | 54  | 65  | 69  | 69  | 68  | 64  | 57  | 59
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 121.1  | 141.4  | 184.8  | 215.5  | 235.4  | 219.4  | 210.3  | 197.2  | 163.7  | 153.8  | 130.6  | 117.3  | 2,090.5
Percentage possible sunshine | 39  | 46  | 49  | 55  | 54  | 50  | 48  | 48  | 45  | 45  | 43  | 39  | 47
Source 1: China Meteorological Administration[16][17]
Source 2: Weather China[18]

### Pollution

[edit]

China's rapid industrialization and urbanization beginning in the 1990s (see opening of China) led to increased energy demand causing a dramatic increase in the price of coal. This led to a rapid expansion of loosely regulated private mines. Mining, cooking, smelting and other heavy industries which developed around the city have led to catastrophic environmental damage.[19]

In 2006, the Blacksmith Institute included Linfen in its annual "10 worst" report, calling the city the most polluted city in China.[20] It has also been listed as one of the world's ten dirtiest cities by the Popular Science website.[21] The city has ranked at the bottom of the World Bank's air quality rankings.[22]

From its low point, in 2004, with only fifteen days out of the year with an acceptable level of air pollution, the environmental situation has improved.[23] After a series of negative reports on the extreme level of pollution in the city, efforts were made to clean up Linfen. Substandard mines were closed.[19] Coal trucks were kept from entering the city, resulting in much less coal dust. The city has also switched much of its heating source from coal to gas. 197 large coal-fired boilers and more than 600 smaller boilers were decommissioned. As of 2007, 85% of population used natural gas rather than coal for their heating. The State Environmental Protection Agency (SEPA) has forced many of the less-efficient smaller factories to close and enforced stricter standards for larger factories including mandating the installation of sulfur scrubbers.[23]

Since 2006, the government has taken a series of measures to modify industrial structure and economic development mode. Relevant policies was issued such as emission thresholds of industrial pollution. Over the last few years the Ministry of Environmental Protection has been closely monitoring Linfen's environment conditions. While the China Youth Daily reported in 2014 that Linfen was experiencing the great change from the "most polluted city" to "model city of environmental protection",[24] other sources suggest that little progress has been made in combating pollution. In 2018, the Chinese government openly criticized the city's failure to meet pollution targets, and a 2019 report by the Chinese Ministry of Ecology and Environment found that the city's air pollution was the worst among the 168 cities the ministry monitored.[25] Following the report, the city's government ordered further pollution controls for the city's industry.[25]

## Administrative divisions

[edit]

The prefecture-level city of Linfen is divided in one district, two cities and fourteen counties. The information here presented uses the metric system and data from 2010 Census.

Map

Yaodu

Quwo
County

Yicheng
County

Xiangfen
County

Hongtong
County

County

Anze
County

Fushan
County

County

Xiangning
County

Daning
County

County

Yonghe
County

County

Fenxi
County

Houma
(city)

Huozhou
(city)

#  | English Name  | Simplified  | Traditional  | Pinyin  | Area  | Population  | Density
1  | Yaodu District | 尧都区 | 堯都區 | Yáodū Qū  | 1,316  | 944,050  | 717
2  | Houma City | 侯马市 | 侯馬市 | Hóumǎ Shì  | 274  | 240,005  | 876
3  | Huozhou City | 霍州市 | Huòzhōu Shì  | 765  | 282,907  | 370
4  | Quwo County | 曲沃县 | 曲沃縣 | Qǔwò Xiàn  | 438  | 237,033  | 541
5  | Yicheng County | 翼城县 | 翼城縣 | Yìchéng Xiàn  | 1,163  | 311,471  | 268
6  | Xiangfen County | 襄汾县 | 襄汾縣 | Xiāngfén Xiàn  | 1,304  | 442,614  | 339
7  | Hongtong County | 洪洞县 | 洪洞縣 | Hóngtóng Xiàn  | 1,563  | 733,421  | 469
8  | Gu County | 古县 | 古縣 | Gǔ Xiàn  | 1,193  | 91,798  | 77
9  | Anze County | 安泽县 | 安澤縣 | Ānzé Xiàn  | 1,965  | 82,012  | 42
10  | Fushan County | 浮山县 | 浮山縣 | Fúshān Xiàn  | 946  | 127,831  | 135
11  | Ji County | 吉县 | 吉縣 | Jí Xiàn  | 1,777  | 106,407  | 60
12  | Xiangning County | 乡宁县 | 鄉寧縣 | Xiāngníng Xiàn  | 2,029  | 233,162  | 115
13  | Pu County | 蒲县 | 蒲縣 | Pú Xiàn  | 1,508  | 107,339  | 71
14  | Daning County | 大宁县 | 大寧縣 | Dàníng Xiàn  | 967  | 64,501  | 67
15  | Yonghe County | 永和县 | 永和縣 | Yǒnghé Xiàn  | 1,219  | 63,649  | 52
16  | Xi County | 隰县 | 隰縣 | Xí Xiàn  | 1,415  | 103,617  | 73
17  | Fenxi County | 汾西县 | 汾西縣 | Fénxī Xiàn  | 880  | 144,795  | 165

## Tourism

[edit]

The Hukou Waterfall

Linfen prefecture is home to several notable tourist attractions including the Hukou Waterfall which is the largest waterfall on the Yellow River and the second largest in China. Hukou Waterfall is located 150 km (93 mi) west of Linfen city in Jinshan Gorge.[26]

Other attractions are mostly located in Hongtong county. Most notable among these is Guangsheng Temple, built in 147 CE. Located in the upper Guangsheng temple is the Feihong Pagoda (飞虹塔), the largest and best preserved glazed Chinese pagoda.[27][28] Also in Hongtong county is the Susan Prison (苏三监狱), a restored Ming dynasty prison made famous by the Peking opera play Yu Tang Chun [zh] (玉堂春). It is Chinese oldest surviving prison.[29] Dahuaishu Ancestor Memorial Garden is a major shown for the mandatory population migration (aka Hongwu great migration, 洪武大移民) in early Ming Dynasty.[clarification needed]

## Demographics

[edit]

Linfen recorded a population of approximately 4,508,400 people as of 2019, an increase of 80,100 from 2018.[30] The city reported 2,414,700 urban residents, and 2,093,700 rural residents, giving the city a 53.56% urbanization rate.[30] There are 28 ethnic minorities in Linfen with a population exceeding 10,000 people: the Hui, the Manchu, the Tujia, Mongols, the Miao, the Zhuang, Koreans, the Yi, the Buyi, the Bai, Uyghurs, the Mulao, the She, Tibetans, the Li, the Dong, the Yao, Tajiks, the Gelao, the Daur, the Lahu, the Wa, the Hani, the Tu, the Xibo, the Lisu, the Qiang, and the Jingpo.[30]

At the end of 2023 and the beginning of 2024, the permanent population will be 3.8872 million.[31]

## Economy

[edit]

As of 2019, the city reported a GDP of 145.26 billion Renminbi.[32] Linfen's primary sector makes up 7.1% of the city's GDP, the secondary sector contributes 43.3% of the city's GDP, and the tertiary sector makes up 49.6% of the city's GDP.[32] The city's GDP in 2023 will be 231.25 billion yuan.[33]

### Industry

[edit]

Linfen has rich mineral resources including coal, iron ore, copper, and lead. Hedong Coal Field, Huoxi Coal Field and Qinshui Coal Field together comprise 62.9 billion tons of coal reserves. Iron ore reserves exceed 420 million tons. Coal mining and dressing, coking, metallurgy, non-ferrous metal smelting, and chemicals are the principle industries.[34]

After a World Bank report in 2006 called Linfen "the most polluted city in the world", the local government began closing a number of mines and factories, costing the city's economy $300 million in 2007 alone.[35] A number of industries also refitted their facilities to track and reduce pollution.[35] The city's economy stagnated in the following years.[36]

## Transportation

[edit]

Linfen Museum

### Air

[edit]

Linfen Yaodu Airport, in Yaodu district, was built in 1958 and closed in 1965. The airport has been under renovation since September 2010 and started operation in January 2016.

### Railway

[edit]

Linfen railway station, in Yaodu district, was built in 1935 on the important southern Tongpu railway.Linfen Railway Station is located on Yingchun North Street, Linfen City, Shanxi Province. Founded in 1935. It is 274 kilometers away from Taiyuan Station and 254 kilometers away from Huashan Station (southern section of Tongpu Railway).[37]

Linfen West railway station, in Yaodu district, was built in 2014. It is on the Datong–Xi'an high-speed railway. From this station, passengers can go to Beijing, Xi'an, Taiyuan and Shijiazhuang directly.

### Road

[edit]

* China National Highway 108
* China National Highway 309
* G5 Beijing–Kunming Expressway
* G22 Qingdao–Lanzhou Expressway

## Education

[edit]

* Shanxi Normal University (山西师范大学)
* Shanxi Institute of Electronic Science and Technology (山西电子科技学院）

## Notable People

[edit]

* Linjie Deng (born 1992) - multimedia artist
* Chai Jing, Chinese writer and host.

## References

[edit]

1. ^ "China: Shānxī (Prefectures, Cities, Districts and Counties) - Population Statistics, Charts and Map".
2. ^ 山西省统计局、国家统计局山西调查总队 (December 2021). 《山西统计年鉴－2021》. China Statistics Press. ISBN 978-7-5037-7824-7.
3. ^ Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, ed. (2019). China Urban Construction Statistical Yearbook 2017. Beijing: China Statistics Press. p. 46. Retrieved 11 January 2020.
4. ^ a b "临汾 - 气象数据 -中国天气网". www.weather.com.cn. Retrieved 2024-12-15.
5. ^ a b c "Geography of Linfen" (in Chinese (China)). Lifen People's Government. Archived from the original on February 17, 2007. Retrieved 2008-09-09.
6. ^ Choi, Charles Q. (October 18, 2006). "World's 10 Most Polluted Places". Livescience.com. Retrieved 24 January 2013.
7. ^ "China sees fastest improvement in air quality globally - People's Daily Online".
8. ^ "临汾概述" [Linfen Overview]. One-stop Service Platform for High-level Talents in Linfen Cit (in Chinese). 2024-06-09.
9. ^ "临汾各县市名字的来历，你知道吗？_安泽县_元年_晋国". www.sohu.com. Retrieved 2024-12-15.
10. ^ Xinhua. April 2015.[citation needed]
11. ^ p. 46.
12. ^ Grousset, Rene (1970), The Empire of the Steppes, Rutgers University Press, pp. 56–7, ISBN 0-8135-1304-9.
13. ^ p. 407.
14. ^ "为什么临汾被称为花果城？原因在这里". m.sohu.com. Retrieved 2024-12-15.
15. ^ "临汾气候背景分析" [Climatological background analysis for Linfen]. China Weather Network (in Chinese). 2024-06-09.
16. ^ 中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 26 August 2023.
17. ^ "Experience Template" 中国气象数据网 (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 26 August 2023.
18. ^ 临汾 - 气象数据 -中国天气网 (in Chinese). Weather China. Retrieved 29 November 2022.
19. ^ a b "China's 'most polluted city' breathes cleaner air". China Daily. November 10, 2012. Retrieved 21 January 2013.
20. ^ "Top 10 Most Polluted Places" (Adobe Portable Document Format). Blacksmith Institute. Retrieved 21 January 2013.
21. ^ The World's 10 Dirtiest Cities
22. ^ Johnathan Watts; Randeep Ramesh (March 26, 2007). "Fighting for air: frontline of war on global warming". The Guardian. Retrieved 20 January 2013.
23. ^ a b FUnk, McKenzie (July 7, 2007). "China's Green Evolution". Popular Science Magazine. Retrieved 21 January 2013.
24. ^ China Youth Daily Feb 23, 2014
25. ^ a b "China coal hub Linfen to extend anti-pollution curbs to third quarter: draft plan". Reuters. 2019-04-15. Retrieved 2020-05-16.
26. ^ David Leffman; Simon Lewis; Jeremy Atiyah (2003). The Rough Guide to China. p. 263.
27. ^ "Feihong Pagoda in Hongtong County of Shanxi Province". China Internet Information Center. Retrieved 24 January 2013.
28. ^ Zhang, Zixuan. "Land of fairy tales". China Daily Asia Pacific. Retrieved 24 January 2013.
29. ^ David Leffman; Simon Lewis; Jeremy Atiyah (2003). The Rough Guide to China. p. 262.
30. ^ a b c 人口状况-市情概况-临汾市人民政府门户网站 (in Chinese). Linfen People's Government. 2020-03-10. Archived from the original on 2020-05-16. Retrieved 2020-05-16.
31. ^ "2024年[山西]临汾市人口总人数口有多少和第七次人口普查结果 年龄金字塔结构 民族组成情况-红黑人口库". www.hongheiku.com. Retrieved 2024-12-15.
32. ^ a b 2019年临汾市GDP同比增长6%-统计信息-临汾市人民政府门户网站 (in Chinese). Linfen People's Government. Archived from the original on 2020-05-16. Retrieved 2020-05-16.
33. ^ "2023年临汾GDP突破2300亿元-调查数据-临汾市人民政府门户网站". lyj.linfen.gov.cn. Retrieved 2024-12-15.
34. ^ "Linfen (Shanxi) City Information". September 11, 2011. Retrieved 21 January 2013.
35. ^ a b Chang, Emily (2009-12-15). "Choking in China's polluted city - CNN.com". www.cnn.com. Archived from the original on 2020-05-16. Retrieved 2020-05-16.
36. ^ 中国 国内生产总值 : 地级市. www.ceicdata.com (in Chinese). Retrieved 2020-05-16.
37. ^ sina_mobile (2019-11-26). "山西省的第四大火车站——临汾站". k.sina.cn. Retrieved 2024-12-15.

## External links

[edit]

* Official website of Linfen Government
* LinFen Photo Essay
* A canary in the Chinese coal mine (published 2007-03-02; accessed 2007-04-01)
* BBC article Blacksmith Institute list

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County-level divisions of Shanxi Province

Taiyuan (capital)

Prefecture-level cities|

| Taiyuan|

* Xinghualing District
* Xiaodian District
* Yingze District
* Jiancaoping District
* Wanbailin District
* Jinyuan District
* Gujiao city
* Qingxu County
* Yangqu County
* Loufan County

|

Datong|

* Pingcheng District
* Yungang District
* Xinrong District
* Yunzhou District
* Yanggao County
* Tianzhen County
* Guangling County
* Lingqiu County
* Hunyuan County
* Zuoyun County

Yangquan|

* Cheng District
* Kuang District
* Jiao District
* Pingding County
* Yu County

Changzhi|

* Luzhou District
* Lucheng District
* Shangdang District
* Tunliu District
* Xiangyuan County
* Pingshun County
* Licheng County
* Huguan County
* Zhangzi County
* Wuxiang County
* Qin County
* Qinyuan County

Jincheng|

* Cheng District
* Gaoping city
* Zezhou County
* Qinshui County
* Yangcheng County
* Lingchuan County

Shuozhou|

* Shuocheng District
* Pinglu District
* Shanyin County
* Ying County
* Youyu County
* Huairen city

Jinzhong|

* Yuci District
* Taigu District
* Jiexiu city
* Yushe County
* Zuoquan County
* Heshun County
* Xiyang County
* Shouyang County
* Qi County
* Pingyao County
* Lingshi County

Yuncheng|

* Yanhu District
* Yongji city
* Hejin city
* Ruicheng County
* Linyi County
* Wanrong County
* Xinjiang County
* Jishan County
* Wenxi County
* Jiang County
* Pinglu County
* Yuanqu County
* Xia County

Xinzhou|

* Xinfu District
* Yuanping city
* Dingxiang County
* Wutai County
* Dai County
* Fanshi County
* Ningwu County
* Jingle County
* Shenchi County
* Wuzhai County
* Kelan County
* Hequ County
* Baode County
* Pianguan County

Linfen|

* Yaodu District
* Houma city
* Huozhou city
* Quwo County
* Yicheng County
* Xiangfen County
* Hongtong County
* Gu County
* Anze County
* Fushan County
* Ji County
* Xiangning County
* Pu County
* Daning County
* Yonghe County
* Xi County
* Fenxi County

Lüliang|

* Lishi District
* Xiaoyi city
* Fenyang city
* Wenshui County
* Zhongyang County
* Xing County
* Lin County
* Fangshan County
* Liulin County
* Lan County
* Jiaokou County
* Jiaocheng County
* Shilou County

* v
* t
* e

Prefecture-level divisions of China

Notes: *Provincial capitals, ★Sub-provincial cities, ☆Sub-provincial autonomous prefecture *Sub prefectural-level divisions, ✧"Comparatively larger city [zh]" (较大的市) as approved by the State Council

| Provinces|

| Anhui|

* *Hefei
* Wuhu
* Bengbu
* Huainan
* Ma'anshan
* Huaibei
* Tongling
* Anqing
* Huangshan
* Chuzhou
* Fuyang
* Suzhou
* Lu'an
* Bozhou
* Chizhou
* Xuancheng

|

Fujian|

* *Fuzhou
* ★Xiamen
* Putian
* Sanming
* Quanzhou
* Zhangzhou
* Nanping
* Longyan
* Ningde

Gansu|

* *Lanzhou
* Jiayuguan
* Jinchang
* Baiyin
* Tianshui
* Wuwei
* Zhangye
* Pingliang
* Jiuquan
* Qingyang
* Dingxi
* Longnan
* Linxia (Hui)
* Gannan (Tibetan)

Guangdong|

* *★Guangzhou
* ★Shenzhen
* Shaoguan
* Zhuhai
* Shantou
* Foshan
* Jiangmen
* Zhanjiang
* Maoming
* Zhaoqing
* Huizhou
* Meizhou
* Yangjiang
* Shanwei
* Heyuan
* Qingyuan
* Dongguan
* Zhongshan
* Jieyang
* Yunfu

Guizhou|

* *Guiyang
* Liupanshui
* Zunyi
* Anshun
* Bijie
* Tongren
* Qianxinan (Buyei and Miao)
* Qiannan (Buyei and Miao)
* Qiandongnan (Miao and Dong)

Hainan|

* *Haikou
* Sanya
* Danzhou
* Sansha
* *Wuzhishan
* *Qionghai
* *Wenchang
* *Wanning
* *Dongfang
* *Ding'an County
* *Tunchang County
* *Chengmai County
* *Lingao County
* *Baisha County (Li)
* *Changjiang County (Li)
* *Ledong County (Li)
* *Lingshui County (Li)
* *Baoting County (Li and Miao)
* *Qiongzhong County (Li and Miao)

Hebei|

* *Shijiazhuang
* ✧Tangshan
* Qinhuangdao
* Handan
* Xingtai
* Baoding
* Zhangjiakou "Kalgan"
* Chengde
* Cangzhou
* Langfang
* Hengshui

Henan|

* *Zhengzhou
* Kaifeng
* Luoyang
* Pingdingshan
* Anyang
* Hebi
* Xinxiang
* Jiaozuo
* Puyang
* Xuchang
* Luohe
* Sanmenxia
* Nanyang
* Shangqiu
* Xinyang
* Zhoukou
* Zhumadian
* *Jiyuan

Hubei|

* *★Wuhan
* Huangshi
* Shiyan
* Yichang
* Xiangyang
* Ezhou
* Jingmen
* Xiaogan
* Jingzhou
* Huanggang
* Xianning
* Suizhou
* Enshi (Tujia and Miao)
* *Xiantao
* *Qianjiang
* *Tianmen
* *Shennongjia Forestry District

Heilongjiang|

* *★Harbin
* Qiqihar
* Jixi
* Hegang
* Shuangyashan
* Daqing
* Yichun
* Jiamusi
* Qitaihe
* Mudanjiang
* Heihe
* Suihua
* Daxing'anling Prefecture

Hunan|

* *Changsha
* Zhuzhou
* Xiangtan
* Hengyang
* Shaoyang
* Yueyang
* Changde
* Zhangjiajie
* Yiyang
* Chenzhou
* Yongzhou
* Huaihua
* Loudi
* Xiangxi (Tujia and Miao)

Jilin|

* *★Changchun
* Jilin
* Siping
* Liaoyuan
* Tonghua
* Baishan
* Songyuan
* Baicheng
* Yanbian (Korean)

Jiangsu|

* *★Nanjing
* Wuxi
* Xuzhou
* Changzhou
* ✧Suzhou
* Nantong
* Lianyungang
* Huai'an
* Yancheng
* Yangzhou
* Zhenjiang
* Taizhou
* Suqian

Jiangxi|

* *Nanchang
* Jingdezhen
* Pingxiang
* Jiujiang
* Xinyu
* Yingtan
* Ganzhou
* Ji'an
* Yichun
* Fuzhou
* Shangrao

Liaoning|

* *★Shenyang
* ★Dalian
* Anshan
* Fushun
* Benxi
* Dandong
* Jinzhou
* Yingkou
* Fuxin
* Liaoyang
* Panjin
* Tieling
* Chaoyang
* Huludao

Qinghai|

* *Xining
* Haidong
* Haibei (Tibetan)
* Huangnan (Tibetan)
* Hainan (Tibetan)
* Golog "Guolog" (Tibetan)
* Yushu (Tibetan)
* Haixi "Qaidam" (Mongol and Tibetan)

Sichuan|

* *★Chengdu
* Zigong
* Panzhihua
* Luzhou
* Deyang
* Mianyang
* Guangyuan
* Suining
* Neijiang
* Leshan
* Nanchong
* Meishan
* Yibin
* Guang'an
* Dazhou
* Bazhong
* Ziyang
* Ya'an
* Ngawa "Aba" (Tibetan and Qiang)
* Garzê "Ganzi" (Tibetan)
* Liangshan (Yi)

Shaanxi|

* *★Xi'an
* Tongchuan
* Baoji
* Xianyang
* Weinan
* Yan'an
* Hanzhong
* Yulin
* Ankang
* Shangluo

Shandong|

* *★Jinan
* ★Qingdao
* Zibo
* Zaozhuang
* Dongying
* Yantai
* Weifang
* Jining
* Tai'an
* Weihai
* Rizhao
* Linyi
* Dezhou
* Liaocheng
* Binzhou
* Heze

Shanxi|

* *Taiyuan
* Datong
* Yangquan
* Changzhi
* Jincheng
* Shuozhou
* Jinzhong
* Yuncheng
* Xinzhou
* Linfen
* Lüliang

Taiwan|

* *Taibei
* Gaoxiong
* Xinbei
* Taizhong
* Tainan
* Taoyuan

Yunnan|

* *Kunming
* Qujing
* Yuxi
* Baoshan
* Zhaotong
* Lijiang
* Pu'er
* Lincang
* Chuxiong (Yi)
* Honghe (Hani and Yi)
* Wenshan (Zhuang and Miao)
* Xishuangbanna (Dai)
* Dali (Bai)
* Dehong (Dai and Jingpo)
* Nujiang (Lisu)
* Dêqên (Tibetan)

Zhejiang|

* *★Hangzhou
* ★Ningbo
* ✧Wenzhou
* Jiaxing
* Huzhou
* Shaoxing
* Jinhua
* Quzhou
* Zhoushan
* Taizhou
* Lishui

Autonomous
regions|

| Guangxi|

* *Nanning
* Liuzhou
* Guilin
* Wuzhou
* Beihai
* Fangchenggang
* Qinzhou
* Guigang
* Yulin
* Baise
* Hezhou
* Hechi
* Laibin
* Chongzuo

|

Ningxia|

* *Yinchuan
* Shizuishan
* Wuzhong
* Guyuan
* Zhongwei

Inner
Mongolia|

* *Hohhot
* ✧Baotou
* Wuhai
* Chifeng "Ulankhad"
* Tongliao
* Ordos
* Hulunbuir
* Bayannur "Bayannao'er"
* Ulanqab
* Hinggan League
* Xilingol League
* Alxa League "Ālāshàn League"

Xinjiang|

* *Ürümqi
* Karamay
* Turpan
* Hami
* Changji (Hui)
* Bortala (Mongol)
* Bayingolin (Mongol)
* Kizilsu (Kyrgyz)
* ( ☆Ili (Kazakh)
* Tacheng Prefecture
* Altay Prefecture )
* Aksu Prefecture
* Kashgar "Kashi" Prefecture
* Hotan Prefecture
* *Shihezi
* *Aral
* *Tumxuk
* *Wujiaqu
* *Beitun
* *Tiemenguan
* *Shuanghe
* *Kokdala
* *Kunyu
* *Huyanghe
* *Xinxing

Tibet|

* *Lhasa
* Shigatse "Xigazê"
* Chamdo "Qamdo"
* Nyingchi "Linzhi"
* Shannan
* Nagqu
* Ngari Prefecture

| Direct-administered municipalities|

* Beijing
* Tianjin
* Shanghai
* Chongqing

|

Special administrative regions|

* Hong Kong
* Macau

See also: List of prefectures in China, List of cities in China

* v
* t
* e

Major cities along the Yellow River

Province-level
subdivisions|

Cities (from upper reaches to lower reaches)

Gansu|

* Lanzhou
* Baiyin

Ningxia|

* Zhongwei
* Wuzhong
* Yinchuan
* Shizuishan

Inner Mongolia|

* Wuhai
* Ordos
* Bayan Nur
* Baotou
* Hohhot (boundaries of upper and middle reaches)

Shanxi|

* Pinglu County

Shaanxi|

* Fugu County
* Jiaxian County
* Wubu County
* Hancheng

Henan|

* Sanmenxia
* Luoyang
* Jiyuan
* Jiaozuo
* Zhengzhou(boundaries of middle and lower reaches)
* Xinxiang
* Kaifeng
* Puyang

Shandong|

* Liaocheng
* Tai'an
* Jinan
* Dezhou
* Binzhou
* Zibo
* Dongying

Major cities along the Pearl River · Major cities along the Yangtze River

Authority control databases

International|

* VIAF

National|

* Germany

Geographic|

* MusicBrainz area

Other|

* Yale LUX

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