Lippmann diagram

Tool to rationalize the equilibrium state of a solid solution

This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these messages)

This article is an orphan, as no other articles link to it. Please introduce links to this page from related articles; try the Find link tool for suggestions. (December 2024)

|

This article provides insufficient context for those unfamiliar with the subject. Please help improve the article by providing more context for the reader. (July 2020) (Learn how and when to remove this message)

|

(Learn how and when to remove this message)

A Lippmann diagram is a graphical plot showing the solidus/solutus equilibrium states for a given binary solid solution (e.g., (Ba
1-xSr
x)SO
4, barite/celestite) in equilibrium with an aqueous solution containing the two substituting ions: Ba2+
and Sr2+
(solid solution – aqueous solution system, or SS-AS). It was proposed in the 1970s by F. Lippmann[1] to determine excess Gibbs functions.[2] This diagram summarizes the thermodynamic basis of solid-solution aqueous-solution systems (SS-AS) equilibria and helps to predict the nucleation kinetics for solid solutions crystallizing from an aqueous solution.[3]

In the diagram, the abscissa (horizontal axis) represents two variables with different scales to represent both the solid phase mole fraction and the aqueous activity fraction. The ordinate (vertical axis) represents the solid phase.[4]

There are two variants of Lippmann diagrams: [citation needed]

* Ion-activity Lippmann diagram
* Total-scale Lippmann diagram

## References

[edit]

1. ^ Marfunin, A.S. (1998). Advanced Mineralogy: Volume 3: Mineral Matter in Space, Mantle, Ocean Floor, Biosphere, Environmental Management, and Jewelry. Springer. ISBN 978-3-540-58245-8.
2. ^ Lippmann, F (1980). "Phase diagrams depicting aqueous solubility of binary mineral systems". Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie - Abhandlungen. 139: 1–25.
3. ^ Gamsjäger, Heinz; Königsberger, Erich; Preis, Wolfgang (2000-06-01). "Lippmann Diagrams: Theory and Application to Carbonate Systems". Aquatic Geochemistry. 6 (2): 119–132\. Bibcode:2000AqGeo...6..119G. doi:10.1023/A:1009690502299. ISSN 1573-1421. S2CID 93142444.
4. ^ Oelkers, E.H.; Schott, J. (2018). Thermodynamics and Kinetics of Water-Rock Interaction. Reviews in Mineralogy & Geochemistry. De Gruyter. ISBN 978-1-5015-0846-2.

This material-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

|

* v
* t
* e

*[v]: View this template
*[t]: Discuss this template
*[e]: Edit this template