List of African American newspapers in California

This is a list of African American newspapers that have been published in the state of California, including both historical and contemporary publications. California's first such newspaper was the Mirror of the Times, which began publishing in the mid-1850s.[1] Although the number of African Americans in California did not exceed 1,100 until the 20th-century,[2] seven African American newspapers were established in the San Francisco Bay Area in the 19th century.[3]

* Newspaper examples
* Front page of the first issue of The Pacific Appeal, April 5, 1862

* An early African American newspaper in Southern California, The California Eagle, from 1916

## Northern California[edit]

This list is incomplete; you can help by adding missing items. (January 2020)

|

Northern California

The Northern California region takes up the northern two-thirds of the state, including the Central Valley and San Francisco Bay Area.

City  | Title  | Beginning  | End  | Frequency  | Call numbers  | Remarks

|
|
|
|
|
|

Albany | Black Times: Voices of the National Community | 1971[4] | 1976?[4] | Monthly[4] |

* ISSN 0006-4289
* LCCN sn7801557
* OCLC 1772794

Fresno | The California Advocate | 1967[5] | current | Monthly / irregular[5] or weekly |

* LCCN sn84025882
* OCLC 4170883

* Official site

Menlo Park | Ravenswood Post | 1953[6] | 1981[6] | Weekly[6] |

* LCCN sn97060575
* OCLC 37212347

* Published by Clarence A. Burley.

Oakland | The Black Panther | 1967[7] | 1980[7] | Weekly/ Biweekly/ Monthly[7] |

* ISSN 0523-7238
* LCCN sn7805677, sn86016911
* OCLC 2258393, 8299802, 5309560, 7654602

Oakland | Illustrated Guide: The recognized organ of the Colored people | 1892[8] | ?[8] | Weekly[8] |  |

* Official newspaper of the Afro-American League of Alameda County.[8]

Oakland | Oakland Post / Oakland Sunday Post | 1963[9] | current | Weekly / Triweekly / Daily / Semiweekly[9] |

* LCCN sn84025881
* OCLC 10546299

* Official site

Oakland | Oakland Sunshine | 1897[10] | 1922[10] | Weekly[10] |

* LCCN sn84025837
* OCLC 10384635, 2772240

* Available online
* Published by J.M. Bridges.[10]

Oakland | Oakland Times | 1869[11] | ?[11] | Daily (except Sunday)[11] |

* LCCN sn85066467
* OCLC 13020833

Oakland[12] | San Francisco Post / San Francisco Sunday Post[12] | 1963[12] |  | Twice weekly / Weekly[12] |

* LCCN sn84025880
* OCLC 10546260

Oakland | Berkeley Tri-city Post | 1985[13] |  | Weekly[13] |

* LCCN sn89080104
* OCLC 24557477

Oakland | Western American | 1926[14] | 1929[14] | Weekly[14] |

* LCCN sn92069415
* OCLC 26753635

* Published by S. DeWitt Moss.[14]

Richmond | Richmond Post | 1963[15] | current | Twice weekly[15] |

* LCCN sn84025879
* OCLC 10546247

* A Post News Group newspaper.

Sacramento | The Forum | 1906[16] | ?[16] | Twice weekly[16] |

* LCCN sn92069424
* OCLC 26656053

* Published by Rev. J. Gordon McPherson.[16] McPherson also published Salt Lake City's Democratic Headlight in 1899.

San Francisco | The Elevator: A Weekly Journal of Progress | 1865[17] | 1904[17] | Weekly[17] |

* LCCN sn83027101
* OCLC 1567786

* Edited by Philip A. Bell

Sacramento | The Sacramento Observer | 1964?[18] | current | Weekly[18] |

* ISSN 0036-2212
* LCCN sn7804134
* OCLC 3917415

* Official site

San Francisco | African American Chronicle | 1991[19] | 1993?[19] | Monthly newspaper[19] |

* OCLC 32980723

San Francisco | The Free American | 1866[20] | ?[20] | Weekly[20] |

* LCCN sn95062384
* OCLC 33342000

San Francisco | The Lunar Visitor | 1862[21] | ?[21] | Monthly[21] |

* OCLC 33217722

* Founded by John Jamison Moore.

San Francisco | Pacific Appeal / The Pacific Appeal | 1862[22] | 1880[22] | Weekly[22] |

* LCCN sn83027099
* OCLC 2253227

* Available online
* Successor to Mirror of the Times.[22]

San Francisco | San Francisco Reporter | 1942[23] | ?[23] | Weekly[23] |  |

* Edited and published by W.A. Hambrick.[23]

San Francisco | The Sun Reporter | 1943[24] |  | Weekly[24] |

* ISSN 0890-0930
* LCCN sn84025888
* OCLC 2268253

San Francisco | California Voice | 1919[25] |  | Weekly[25] |

* ISSN 0745-7057
* LCCN sn8307379
* OCLC 9384216

San Francisco | Western Appeal | 1919?[26] | ?[26] | Twice-monthly[26] |

* LCCN sn92069416
* OCLC 26523454

* Edited by G.E. Watkins,[26] formerly a partner in the publication of the Pacific Coast Appeal.[27]

San Francisco | Mirror of the Times | 1855,[1] 1856,[3][30] or 1857[28] | 1862[28] or 1858[29] | Weekly[28] |

* LCCN sn83027100, 2013254322
* OCLC 2753725, 10103020, 10126298, 844389270

* Succeeded by the Pacific Appeal.[28]

San Francisco | Peninsula Metro Reporter | 1972?[31] | 1993?[31] | Weekly[31] |

* LCCN sn97060576
* OCLC 37212352

San Francisco | San Francisco Bay View | 1976[32] | current | Biweekly[32] |

* OCLC 29924124

* Official site

San Francisco | San Francisco Metro Reporter | 1972[33] | ?[33] | Weekly[33] |

* LCCN sn92037409
* OCLC 26167280

San Francisco | San Francisco Vindicator | 1884[34] | 1906[34] | Weekly[34] |

* LCCN sn84025838
* OCLC 2789419

San Francisco | The Western Outlook | 1894[35] | 1928[35] | Weekly[35] |

* LCCN sn84025815
* OCLC 10328990, 2775799

San Jose | The Forum | 1908[36] | ?[36] | Weekly[36] |

* LCCN sn92069417
* OCLC 26656063

* Edited by J. Gordon McPherson.[36]

San Jose | The Phoenix | 1891[37] | 1892[37] | Daily (except Monday)[37] |  |

* Successor to the San Jose Daily Times[37]

Stockton | Progressor / San Joaquin Progressor | 1969[38] | ?[38] | Weekly[38] |

* OCLC 20409350

* Partially in Spanish.[38]

## Southern California[edit]

This list is incomplete; you can help by adding missing items. (January 2020)

|

Southern California

The Southern California region takes up the southern third of the state, and includes the Los Angeles metropolitan area, San Diego, and the Inland Empire region.

City  | Title  | Beginning  | End  | Frequency  | Call numbers  | Remarks

|
|
|
|
|
|

Altadena | The Eagle (1973-?)[40] / Pasadena Eagle (1968-1973)[39] | 1968[40] | ?[39] | Weekly[40] |

* Pasadena Eagle
* LCCN sn96064438
* OCLC 35248180
* The Eagle
* LCCN sn96064439
* OCLC 35248735

Bakersfield | The Bakersfield Advocate | 1970s[41] | 1979[41] | Weekly[41] |

* LCCN sn95062214
* OCLC 33943775

Bakersfield | 1970[42] | 1970s[42] | Weekly[42] | *LCCN sn95061892

* OCLC 32828932

|  |
Bakersfield | The Colored Citizen | 1914[43] | ?[43] | Weekly[43] |

* LCCN sn93052976
* OCLC 27396211

* Billed as “The Only Paper Published in the Interests of Colored People Between San Francisco and Los Angeles.”[43]

Bakersfield | The News | 1957[44] | ?[44] | Monthly newspaper[44] |

* LCCN sn95062027
* OCLC 33246459

* Published by Isaiah E. Owens.

Bakersfield | Bakersfield News Observer | 1977[45] |  | Weekly[45] |

* OCLC 22301605

* Official site
* Part of the Observer Group Newspapers of Southern California.

Bakersfield | Outlook / The News Publication (1950s-1961)[47] / The Outlook: The News Publication (1961-1964)[48] / The Outlook (1964-1966)[49] / The Outlook News (1966-?)[46] | 1950s | ?[46] | Twice-monthly,[47] later weekly[49][46] |  |

* The News Publication
* LCCN sn95062028
* OCLC 33246718
* The Outlook: The News Publication
* LCCN sn95062029
* OCLC 33246745
* The Outlook
* LCCN sn95062030
* OCLC 33246754
* The Outlook News
* LCCN sn95062031
* OCLC 33246771

Beverly Hills | The Ethiopian Mirror | 1993?[50] | ?[50] | Monthly newspaper[50] |

* OCLC 30799620
* ISSN 1553-2682

* Partially in Amharic.[50] Targeted to Ethiopian-American community.[50]

Compton | Compton Bulletin | 1970?[51] | current | Weekly[51] |

* LCCN sn89080099
* OCLC 24124022

* Official site

Compton | Metropolitan Gazette | 1967?[52] | ?[52] | Weekly[52] |

* LCCN sn88083538
* OCLC 17972355

* Edited by Mildred L. Hamm.[52]

Compton | Compton Star Review | 1927?[53] | ?[53] | Weekly[53] |

* LCCN sn99063223
* OCLC 41609623

* Extant from 1971-1973.[53]

Culver City | Culver City Wave | 1925[54] |  | Weekly[54] |

* LCCN sn84025878
* OCLC 10537131

* Official site
* Part of the Los Angeles Wave newspaper family.

Hollywood | The National Record | 1944[55] | 1993?[55] | Monthly newspaper.[55] |

* OCLC 27706934

Los Angeles | African Connection Newspaper | 1988?[56] |  | Biweekly[56] |

* OCLC 30798309

Los Angeles | South End Bee | 1934[57] | 1987?[57] | Weekly[57] |  |
Los Angeles | Bronzeville News | 1943[58] | ?[58] | Weekly[58] |

* LCCN sn85040329
* OCLC 11839843, 24032467

Los Angeles | Herald-Dispatch | 1952[59] |  | Weekly[59] |

* ISSN 8750-2038
* LCCN sn84025885
* OCLC 10568995

Los Angeles | The California Eagle | 1879[60] | 1965[60] | Weekly[60] |

* LCCN sn82016196
* OCLC 91188894

* Published from 1914 to 1951 by Charlotta Bass. [60]

Los Angeles | Central News Wave | 1963?[61] |  | Weekly[61] |

* LCCN sn84025862
* OCLC 10535001

* Part of the Los Angeles Wave newspaper family.

Los Angeles | Firestone Park News & Southeast News-Press | 1954?[62] | ?[62] | Weekly[62] |  |
Los Angeles | Florence Messenger | 1939?[63] | 1983?[63] | Weekly[63] |

* LCCN sn84025876
* OCLC 10537084

* Became part of the Los Angeles Wave newspaper family.

Los Angeles | Florence News | 1986?[64] | ?[64] | Twice monthly[64] |  |
Los Angeles | The Illustrated Journal | 1956[65] | ?[65] | Weekly[65] |  |
Los Angeles | Los Angeles Black Voice | 1968[66] | ?[66] | Weekly[66] |  |  see Black Voice News
Los Angeles | Los Angeles Herald | 1950?[67] | ?[67] | Weekly[67] |  |
Los Angeles (Pacoima)  | Pacoima Herald-Dispatch | 1952[68] | ?[68] | Weekly[68] |  |
Los Angeles | New Age Dispatch or New Age[69] | 1907[69] | 1949[69] | Weekly[69] |

* LCCN sn85040332
* OCLC 11839884

Inglewood | Los Angeles Bay News Observer | 1986?[70] |  | Weekly[70] |

* OCLC 31537826

* Part of the Observer Group Newspapers of Southern California.

Los Angeles | The Weekly Observer | 1888[71] | 1888[71] | Weekly[71] |

* LCCN sn85040327
* OCLC 11839822

Los Angeles | Liberator | 1901[65] | 1913[65] | Weekly[65] |

* LCCN sn2012271153

Los Angeles | The Pacific Defender | 1923[72] |  | Weekly[72] |  |
Los Angeles | Pacific Enterprise | 1927[73] |  | Weekly[73] |  |

* Edited by William A. Venerable.[73]

Los Angeles | Los Angeles Sentinel | 1933[74] or 1934[75] | current | Weekly[75] |

* ISSN 0890-4340
* LCCN sn83045393
* OCLC 9505770, 21127070, 2328318, 10103210

* Official site

Los Angeles | Watts Star Review | 1875[76] or 1929[77] |  | Weekly[76] |

* LCCN sn84025886
* OCLC 10569077

Los Angeles | Angeles Mesa Wave | 1978[78] | ?[78] | Weekly[78] |

* LCCN sn84025870
* OCLC 10535359

* Part of the Los Angeles Wave newspaper family.

Los Angeles | Hawthorne Wave | 1981[79] | 1987?[79] | Weekly[79] |

* LCCN sn84025875
* OCLC 10537051

* A Los Angeles Wave publication.
* Successor to the Inglewood Hawthorne Wave.[79]

Los Angeles | Inglewood Wave | 1981[80] | 1987?[80] | Weekly[80] |

* LCCN sn84025874
* OCLC 10537018

Los Angeles | Southwest Wave | 1920[81] | 1987?[81] | Weekly[81] |

* LCCN sn84025864, sn95061657
* OCLC 10535081, 33460337

* Part of the Los Angeles Wave newspaper family.

Los Angeles | Topics / Sun Wave | 1942?[82] |  | Weekly[82] |

* LCCN sn84025865
* OCLC 10535110

* Part of the Los Angeles Wave newspaper family.

Los Angeles | Westchester Wave | 1921?[83] |  | Weekly[83] |  |

* Part of the Los Angeles Wave newspaper family.

Los Angeles | The Western Clarion | 1926?[84] | ?[84] | Weekly[84] |  |
Los Angeles | The Western Dispatch | 1921[85] | ?[85] | Weekly[85] |

* LCCN sn92069422
* OCLC 26581142

Los Angeles | The Western News | 1889[86] | 1889[86] | Weekly[86] |

* LCCN sn85040324
* OCLC 11839789

Los Angeles | Inglewood Hawthorne Wave | 1987?[87] |  | Weekly[87] |

* LCCN sn840 25873
* OCLC 10536984

* Later replaced by Inglewood Wave and Hawthorne Wave[87]
* Part of the Los Angeles Wave newspaper family.

Los Angeles | L.A. Watts Times | 1976?[88] |  | Weekly[88] |

* OCLC 29744254

Los Angeles / Inglewood | The Los Angeles Community Circle News / Los Angeles Community Circle Clipper | 1989[89] |  | Bimonthly newspaper[89] |

* OCLC 26828513

Los Angeles | Los Angeles Illustrated Reflector | 1934?[90] | ?[90] | Weekly[90] |  |
Los Angeles | Los Angeles Tribune | 1941[91] | 1960[91] | Weekly[91] |

* LCCN sn83045308
* OCLC 9426532

Los Angeles | The Los Angeles Truth | 1935?[92] | ?[92] | Unknown[92] |  |
Los Angeles | The National Negro Press | 1970?[93] | ?[93] | Unknown[93] |  |
Los Angeles | The Search Light and Open Sesame | 1893[94] | 1908[94] | Weekly[94] |

* LCCN sn85040326
* OCLC 11839816

Los Angeles (or Bakersfield)[96] | United Pictorial Review | 1965[95] or 1966[96] | ?[95] | Weekly[95] |

* LCCN sn95061792
* OCLC 32679065

* Published by George Scott Jr.[95]

Los Angeles | Southeast Star Wave | 1938?[97] | 1987?[97] | Weekly[97] |

* LCCN sn84025866
* OCLC 10535172

* Part of the Los Angeles Wave newspaper family.

Los Angeles | Southern California Guide | 1892[98] | 1895[98] | Weekly[98] |

* LCCN sn85040325
* OCLC 11839803

Los Angeles | Southside Journal Wave | 1937?[99] | 1987?[99] | Weekly[99] |

* LCCN sn84025868
* OCLC 10535244

* Part of the Los Angeles Wave newspaper family.

Los Angeles | Southwestern Sun Wave | 1947?[100] | 1987?[100] | Weekly[100] |

* LCCN sn84025867
* OCLC 10535202

* Part of the Los Angeles Wave newspaper family.

Los Angeles | Tribune Mesa News Wave | 1978[101] |  | Weekly[101] |

* LCCN sn84025872

* Part of the Los Angeles Wave newspaper family.

Los Angeles | Wave | 1958?[102] |  | Weekly[102] |

* LCCN sn84025863
* OCLC 10535049

* Part of the Los Angeles Wave newspaper family.

Pasadena | The Western Herald | 1925?[103] | ?[103] | Weekly[103] |  |
Redlands | The Colored Citizen | 1905[104] | 1906[104] | Monthly newspaper[104] |

* LCCN sn96064325
* OCLC 35144632

* Published by Robert Henry Harbert and H.A. Harroll[104]

Riverside | Black Voice News[105] | 1972[105] | current | Weekly[105] |

* OCLC 23164049

* Official site

San Bernardino | Precinct Reporter | 1965[106] |  | Weekly[106] |

* OCLC 11575723

San Bernardino | The San Bernardino American | 1969[107] |  | Weekly[107] |

* LCCN sn89080098
* OCLC 24123867

San Diego | San Diego Voice & Viewpoint | 1960[108] | Current[108] | Weekly[108] |

* OCLC 16829880

|  https://sdvoice.info/
San Diego | San Diego Eagle | 1923?[109] | ?[109] | Weekly[109] |  |
Santa Ana | The Orange County Star Review | 1971[110] | 1973?[110] | Weekly[110] |  |

## See also[edit]

* California portal
* Journalism portal
* Lists portal
* United States portal

* List of African American newspapers and media outlets
* List of African American newspapers in Arizona
* List of African American newspapers in Nevada
* List of African American newspapers in Oregon
* List of newspapers in California

## Works cited[edit]

* Abajian, James De Tarr (1974). Blacks and Their Contributions to the American West: A Bibliography and Union List of Library Holdings Through 1970. G. K. Hall. ISBN 9780816111398.
* Berardi, Gayle K.; Segady, Thomas W. (1990). "The Development of African-American Newspapers in the American West: A Sociohistorical Perspective". The Journal of Negro History. 75 (3/4): 96–111. doi:10.2307/3031501. JSTOR 3031501. S2CID 142393523.
* Danky, James Philip; Hady, Maureen E., eds. (1998). African-American newspapers and periodicals : a national bibliography. Harvard University Press. ISBN 9780674007888.
* Junne, George H. (2000). Blacks in the American West and Beyond--America, Canada, and Mexico: A Selectively Annotated Bibliography. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 9780313312083.
* Sloan, Irving J. (1977). The Blacks in America, 1492-1977: A Chronology & Fact Book. Oceana Publications. ISBN 978-0-379-00524-0.
* Smith, Jessie Carney (2012). Black Firsts: 4,000 Ground-Breaking and Pioneering Historical Events. Visible Ink Press. ISBN 9781578593699.
* Snorgrass, J. William (1981). "The Black Press in the San Francisco Bay Area, 1856-1900". California History. 60 (4): 306–317. doi:10.2307/25158067. JSTOR 25158067.

## References[edit]

1. ^ a b Smith 2012, p. 409.
2. ^ Berardi & Segady 1990, p. 110.
3. ^ a b Snorgrass 1981, p. 306.
4. ^ a b c Danky & Hady 1998, p. 102, ¶ 1050.
5. ^ a b Danky & Hady 1998, p. 129, ¶ 1338.
6. ^ a b c Danky & Hady 1998, p. 485, ¶ 5055.
7. ^ a b c Danky & Hady 1998, p. 93, ¶ 957.
8. ^ a b c d Danky & Hady 1998, p. 291, ¶ 3055.
9. ^ a b Danky & Hady 1998, p. 436, ¶ 4543.
10. ^ a b c d Danky & Hady 1998, p. 436, ¶ 4544.
11. ^ a b c Danky & Hady 1998, p. 436, ¶ 4545.
12. ^ a b c d Danky & Hady 1998, p. 501, ¶ 5227.
13. ^ a b Danky & Hady 1998, p. 67, ¶ 693.
14. ^ a b c d Danky & Hady 1998, p. 610, ¶ 6381.
15. ^ a b Danky & Hady 1998, p. 493, ¶ 5145.
16. ^ a b c d Danky & Hady 1998, p. 234, ¶ 2451.
17. ^ a b c Danky & Hady 1998, p. 209, ¶ 2183.
18. ^ a b Danky & Hady 1998, p. 498, ¶ 5200.
19. ^ a b c Danky & Hady 1998, p. 12, ¶ 119.
20. ^ a b c Danky & Hady 1998, p. 236, ¶ 2477.
21. ^ a b c Danky & Hady 1998, p. 348, ¶ 3645.
22. ^ a b c d Danky & Hady 1998, p. 449, ¶ 4686.
23. ^ a b c d Danky & Hady 1998, p. 501, ¶ 5228.
24. ^ a b Danky & Hady 1998, p. 548, ¶ 5722.
25. ^ a b Danky & Hady 1998, p. 129, ¶ 1343.
26. ^ a b c d Danky & Hady 1998, p. 611, ¶ 6382.
27. ^ "San Francisco". The American Printer. Vol. 69\. 1919. p. 53.
28. ^ a b c d Danky & Hady 1998, p. 369, ¶ 3850.
29. ^ Snorgrass 1981, p. 307.
30. ^ Abajian 1974, p. 386, ¶ 4190.
31. ^ a b c Danky & Hady 1998, p. 457, ¶ 4763.
32. ^ a b Danky & Hady 1998, p. 500, ¶ 5224.
33. ^ a b c Danky & Hady 1998, p. 501, ¶ 5226.
34. ^ a b c Danky & Hady 1998, p. 501, ¶ 5229.
35. ^ a b c Danky & Hady 1998, p. 612, ¶ 6396.
36. ^ a b c d Danky & Hady 1998, p. 234, ¶ 2452.
37. ^ a b c d Danky & Hady 1998, p. 462, ¶ 4819.
38. ^ a b c d Danky & Hady 1998, p. 476, ¶ 4959.
39. ^ a b "About Pasadena eagle. [volume] (Pasadena, Calif.) 1968-1973". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-01.
40. ^ a b c "About The eagle. [volume] (Altadena, Calif.) 1973-19??". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-01.
41. ^ a b c "About Bakersfield advocate. (Bakersfield, Calif.) 197?-1979". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-01.
42. ^ a b c "About The challenger. (Bakersfield, Calif.) 1970-19??". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-01.
43. ^ a b c d Danky & Hady 1998, p. 162, ¶ 1679.
44. ^ a b c "About The news. [volume] (Bakersfield, Calif.) 1957-19??". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-01.
45. ^ a b Danky & Hady 1998, p. 58, ¶ 590.
46. ^ a b c "About The outlook news. [volume] (Bakersfield, Calif.) 1966-19??". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-01.
47. ^ a b "About The news publication. [volume] (Bakersfield, Calif.) 195?-1961". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-01.
48. ^ "About The outlook, the news-publication. [volume] (Bakersfield, Calif.) 1961-1964". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-01.
49. ^ a b "About The outlook. [volume] (Bakersfield, Calif.) 1964-1966". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-01.
50. ^ a b c d e Danky & Hady 1998, p. 215, ¶ 2246.
51. ^ a b Danky & Hady 1998, p. 171, ¶ 1776.
52. ^ a b c d Danky & Hady 1998, p. 362, ¶ 3783.
53. ^ a b c d Danky & Hady 1998, p. 171, ¶ 1777.
54. ^ a b Danky & Hady 1998, p. 182, ¶ 1897.
55. ^ a b c Danky & Hady 1998, p. 394, ¶ 4099.
56. ^ a b Danky & Hady 1998, p. 14, ¶ 141.
57. ^ a b c Danky & Hady 1998, p. 524, ¶ 5473.
58. ^ a b c Danky & Hady 1998, p. 117, ¶ 1214.
59. ^ a b Danky & Hady 1998, p. 275, ¶ 2880.
60. ^ a b c d Danky & Hady 1998, p. 129, ¶ 1342.
61. ^ a b Danky & Hady 1998, p. 142, ¶ 1472.
62. ^ a b c Danky & Hady 1998, p. 224, ¶ 2346.
63. ^ a b c Danky & Hady 1998, p. 228, ¶ 2386.
64. ^ a b c Danky & Hady 1998, p. 228, ¶ 2387.
65. ^ a b c d e f Danky & Hady 1998, p. 291, ¶ 3056.
66. ^ a b c Danky & Hady 1998, p. 346, ¶ 3624.
67. ^ a b c Danky & Hady 1998, p. 346, ¶ 3627.
68. ^ a b c Danky & Hady 1998, p. 450, ¶ 4691.
69. ^ a b c d Danky & Hady 1998, p. 406, ¶ 4230.
70. ^ a b Danky & Hady 1998, p. 346, ¶ 3623.
71. ^ a b c Danky & Hady 1998, p. 607, ¶ 6347.
72. ^ a b Danky & Hady 1998, p. 449, ¶ 4688.
73. ^ a b c Danky & Hady 1998, p. 450, ¶ 4689.
74. ^ Hodder, Kevin (2011-12-18). "Leon H. Washington Jr. (1907-1974)". The Black Past: Remembered and Reclaimed. Retrieved 2019-12-25.
75. ^ a b Danky & Hady 1998, p. 346, ¶ 3629.
76. ^ a b Danky & Hady 1998, p. 604, ¶ 6317.
77. ^ Sloan 1977, p. 108.
78. ^ a b c Danky & Hady 1998, p. 44, ¶ 449.
79. ^ a b c d Danky & Hady 1998, p. 271, ¶ 2843.
80. ^ a b c Danky & Hady 1998, p. 298, ¶ 3134.
81. ^ a b c Danky & Hady 1998, p. 531, ¶ 5544.
82. ^ a b Danky & Hady 1998, p. 564, ¶ 5886.
83. ^ a b Danky & Hady 1998, p. 610, ¶ 6379.
84. ^ a b c Danky & Hady 1998, p. 611, ¶ 6384.
85. ^ a b c Danky & Hady 1998, p. 611, ¶ 6387.
86. ^ a b c Danky & Hady 1998, p. 612, ¶ 6395.
87. ^ a b c Danky & Hady 1998, p. 297, ¶ 3133.
88. ^ a b Danky & Hady 1998, p. 330, ¶ 3456.
89. ^ a b Danky & Hady 1998, p. 346, ¶ 3625.
90. ^ a b c Danky & Hady 1998, p. 346, ¶ 3628.
91. ^ a b c Danky & Hady 1998, p. 346, ¶ 3630.
92. ^ a b c Danky & Hady 1998, p. 347, ¶ 3631.
93. ^ a b c Danky & Hady 1998, p. 392, ¶ 4085.
94. ^ a b c Danky & Hady 1998, p. 506, ¶ 5285.
95. ^ a b c d Danky & Hady 1998, p. 578, ¶ 6044.
96. ^ a b "About United pictorial review. [volume] (Bakersfield, Calif.) 1966-19??". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-01-01.
97. ^ a b c Danky & Hady 1998, p. 525, ¶ 5486.
98. ^ a b c Danky & Hady 1998, p. 526, ¶ 5494.
99. ^ a b c Danky & Hady 1998, p. 531, ¶ 5540.
100. ^ a b c Danky & Hady 1998, p. 532, ¶ 5549.
101. ^ a b Danky & Hady 1998, p. 567, ¶ 5924.
102. ^ a b Danky & Hady 1998, p. 605, ¶ 6320.
103. ^ a b c Danky & Hady 1998, p. 611, ¶ 6390.
104. ^ a b c d Danky & Hady 1998, p. 162, ¶ 1680.
105. ^ a b c Danky & Hady 1998, p. 104, ¶ 1074.
106. ^ a b Danky & Hady 1998, p. 470, ¶ 4901.
107. ^ a b Danky & Hady 1998, p. 500, ¶ 5221.
108. ^ a b c Danky & Hady 1998, p. 500, ¶ 5223.
109. ^ a b c Danky & Hady 1998, p. 500, ¶ 5222.
110. ^ a b c Danky & Hady 1998, p. 445, ¶ 4643.

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African American press

Newspapers|

| Active|

| Northeast|

* Bay State Banner
* Buffalo Criterion
* New Pittsburgh Courier
* The New York Age
* New York Amsterdam News
* Our Time Press
* The Philadelphia Tribune
* The Washington Afro-American
* The Washington Informer

|

South|

* African-American News and Issues
* Atlanta Black Star
* Atlanta Daily World
* Atlanta Inquirer
* Atlanta Voice
* Baltimore Afro-American
* Baltimore Times
* The Baptist Vanguard
* Birmingham Times
* Black Chronicle
* The Burning Spear Newspaper
* Carolina Peacemaker
* The Carolinian
* The Charleston Chronicle
* The Charlotte Post
* The Christian Recorder
* The Dallas Weekly
* Florida Sentinel Bulletin
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* Houston Defender
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* Jackson Advocate
* The Jacksonville Advocate
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* The Louisiana Weekly
* Louisville Defender
* The Miami Times
* New Journal and Guide
* The New Orleans Tribune
* Oklahoma Eagle
* The Orlando Times
* Richmond Free Press
* Roanoke Tribune
* Savannah Tribune
* Tennessee Tribune
* The Triangle Tribune
* Tri-State Defender
* The Village Beat
* Winston-Salem Chronicle

Midwest|

* The Call
* Call and Post
* The Chicago Crusader
* The Chicago Defender
* The Cincinnati Herald
* The Columbus Post
* Fort Wayne Ink Spot
* Gary Crusader
* Indianapolis Recorder
* Michigan Chronicle
* The Michigan FrontPage
* Minnesota Spokesman-Recorder
* Omaha Star
* The St. Louis American
* St. Louis Argus
* St. Louis Sentinel

West|

* Arizona Informant
* Black Lens News
* The Facts
* Los Angeles Sentinel
* Los Angeles Wave
* Oakland Post
* Portland Observer
* Richmond Post
* The Sacramento Observer
* San Francisco Bay View
* Seattle Medium
* The Skanner
* Sun-Reporter

National|

* The Final Call

Defunct|

* The Advocate
* The Alaska Spotlight
* The Aliened American
* Arkansas State Press
* Athens Blade
* Athens Republique
* Athens Voice
* Atlanta Independent
* The Black Dispatch
* The Black Panther
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* Boston Guardian
* The Broad Ax
* California Eagle
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* Charlottesville-Albemarle Tribune
* Chicago Bee
* The Chicago Conservator
* Chicago Whip
* The Circuit
* The City Sun
* The Cleveland Gazette
* The Colored American (Augusta, Georgia)
* The Colored American (New York City)
* The Colored American (Washington, D.C.)
* Daily Negro Times
* Dallas Express
* The Denver Star
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* The Elevator
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* Freedom
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* Frost Illustrated
* Gary American
* Harambee
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* Jackson Eagle Eye
* Louisianian
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* The McDowell Times
* Memphis Free Speech
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* The Michigan Citizen
* Mirror of the Times
* The Mississippi Enterprise
* Mojo
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* Nashville Globe
* The Negro Star
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* New National Era
* The North Star
* Pacific Appeal
* The People's Voice
* The Philadelphia Independent
* Pittsburgh Courier
* Portland New Age
* The Progressive Era
* Ravenswood Post
* The Reflector
* Richmond Planet
* The Rights of All
* The Seattle Republican
* The Shining Star
* Southwestern Christian Advocate
* The Washington Bee
* The Washington Sun
* The Appeal
* The Winter Park Advocate
* The Woman's Era

Magazines|

* Black Enterprise
* Black Issues Book Review
* BLK
* Clutch
* The Colored American Magazine
* The Crisis
* Ebony
* Emerge
* Essence
* The Fader
* Fire!!
* theGrio
* The Horizon
* Jet
* King
* Negro Digest
* Our Women and Children
* Right On!
* The Root
* Sister 2 Sister
* Soul
* Tint
* Transition Magazine
* Visions Metro Weekly
* YSB

Organizations|

* Associated Negro Press
* National Association of Black Journalists
* National Association of Black Journalists Hall of Fame
* National Newspaper Publishers Association

Corporations|

* Perry Publishing and Broadcasting
* Real Times

Related|

* Abolitionist publications
* The Anti-Slavery Bugle
* Genius of Universal Emancipation
* The Liberator
* The National Era

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Newspapers in the United States (North America)

States|

* Alabama
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* Rhode Island
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* Tennessee
* Texas
* Utah
* Vermont
* Virginia
* Washington
* West Virginia
* Wisconsin
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Federal district|

Washington, D.C.

Insular areas|

* American Samoa
* Guam
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* Puerto Rico
* U.S. Virgin Islands

Lists of newspapers|

* African-American
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* Weekly

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State of California

Sacramento (capital)

Topics|

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* Index of articles

Regions|

* Antelope Valley
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* Transverse Ranges
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Metro regions|

* Fresno–Madera
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Counties|

* Alameda
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* Stanislaus
* Sutter
* Tehama
* Trinity
* Tulare
* Tuolumne
* Ventura
* Yolo
* Yuba

Most populous
cities|

* Los Angeles
* San Diego
* San Jose
* San Francisco
* Fresno
* Sacramento
* Long Beach
* Oakland
* Bakersfield
* Anaheim

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