List of Apollo missions

Missions and flights of NASA's Apollo Program

Launch of AS-506 space vehicle on July 16, 1969, at pad 39A for mission Apollo 11 to land the first men on the Moon

The Apollo program was a United States human spaceflight program carried out from 1961 to 1972 by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), which landed the first astronauts on the Moon.[1] The program used the Saturn IB and Saturn V launch vehicles to lift the Command/Service Module (CSM) and Lunar Module (LM) spacecraft into space, and the Little Joe II rocket to test a launch escape system which was expected to carry the astronauts to safety in the event of a Saturn failure.[2] Uncrewed test flights beginning in 1966 demonstrated the safety of the launch vehicles and spacecraft to carry astronauts, and four crewed flights beginning in October 1968 demonstrated the ability of the spacecraft to carry out a lunar landing mission.

Apollo achieved the first crewed lunar landing on the Apollo 11 mission, when Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin landed their LM Eagle in the Sea of Tranquility and walked on the lunar surface, while Michael Collins remained in lunar orbit in the CSM Columbia, and all three landed safely on Earth on July 24, 1969.[3] Five subsequent missions landed astronauts on various lunar sites, ending in December 1972 with twelve men having walked on the Moon[4] and 842 pounds (382 kg) of lunar rocks and soil samples returned to Earth, greatly contributing to the understanding of the Moon's composition and geological history.[5]

Two Apollo missions were failures: a 1967 cabin fire killed the entire Apollo 1 crew during a ground test in preparation for what was to be the first crewed flight;[6] and the third landing attempt on Apollo 13 was aborted by an oxygen tank explosion en route to the Moon, which disabled the CSM Odyssey's electrical power and life support systems, and made the propulsion system unsafe to use. The crew circled the Moon and were returned safely to Earth using the LM Aquarius as a "lifeboat" for these functions.[7]

## Uncrewed test flights

[edit]

From 1961 through 1967, Saturn launch vehicles and Apollo spacecraft components were tested in uncrewed flights.

### Saturn I

[edit]

The Saturn I launch vehicle was originally planned to carry crewed Command Module flights into low Earth orbit, but its 20,000-pound (9,100 kg) payload capacity limit could not lift even a partially fueled Service Module, which would have required building a lightweight retrorocket module for deorbit. These plans were eventually scrapped, in favor of using the uprated Saturn IB to launch the Command Module with a half-fueled Service Module for crewed Earth orbit tests. This limited Saturn I flights to Saturn launch vehicle development, CSM boilerplate testing, and three micrometeoroid satellite launches in support of Apollo.

Saturn I missions  Mission  | LV Serial No | Launch  | Remarks  | Refs

|
|
|
|

SA-1 | Saturn I

SA-1

| October 27, 1961,

15:06 GMT Launch Complex 34

| Test of Saturn I first stage S-I; dummy upper stages carried water  | [1][8][9]
SA-2 | Saturn I

SA-2

| April 25, 1962,

14:00 GMT Launch Complex 34

| Dummy upper stages released 22,900 U.S. gallons (86,685 L) of water into upper atmosphere, to investigate effects on radio transmission and changes in local weather conditions  | [1][8][9]
SA-3 | Saturn I

SA-3

| November 16, 1962,

17:45 GMT Launch Complex 34

| Repeat of SA-2 mission  | [1][8][9]
SA-4 | Saturn I

SA-4

| March 28, 1963,

20:11 GMT Launch Complex 34

| Test premature shutdown of a single S-I engine  | [1][8][9]
SA-5 | Saturn I

SA-5

| January 29, 1964,

16:25 GMT Launch Complex 37B

| First flight of live second stage. First orbital flight.  | [1][8][9]
AS-101 | Saturn I

SA-6

| May 28, 1964,

17:07 GMT Launch Complex 37B

| Tested first boilerplate Apollo command and service module (CSM) for structural integrity  | [1][9]
AS-102 | Saturn I

SA-7

| September 18, 1964,

17:22 GMT Launch Complex 37B

| Carried first programmable-in-flight computer on the Saturn I vehicle; last launch vehicle development flight  | [1][9]
AS-103 | Saturn I

SA-9

| February 16, 1965,

14:37 GMT Launch Complex 37B

| Carried first Pegasus micrometeorite satellite (Pegasus A) in addition to boilerplate CSM  | [1][9]
AS-104 | Saturn I

SA-8

| May 25, 1965,

07:35 GMT Launch Complex 37B

| Carried Pegasus B and boilerplate CSM  | [1][9]
AS-105 | Saturn I

SA-10

| July 30, 1965,

13:00 GMT Launch Complex 37B

| Carried Pegasus C and boilerplate CSM  | [1][9]

There was some incongruity in the numbering and naming of the first three uncrewed Apollo-Saturn (AS), or Apollo flights. This is due to AS-204 being renamed to Apollo 1 posthumously. This crewed flight was to have followed the first three uncrewed flights. After the fire which killed the AS-204 crew on the pad during a test and training exercise, uncrewed Apollo flights resumed to test the Saturn V launch vehicle and the Lunar Module; these were designated Apollo 4, 5 and 6. The first crewed Apollo mission was thus Apollo 7. Simple "Apollo" numbers were never assigned to the first three uncrewed flights, although renaming AS-201, AS-202, and AS-203 as Apollo 1-A, Apollo 2 and Apollo 3, had been briefly considered.[6]

### Saturn IB

[edit]

The Saturn I was converted to the Uprated Saturn I, eventually designated Saturn IB, by replacing the S-IV second stage with the S-IVB, which would also be used as the third stage of the Saturn V with the addition of on-orbit restart capability. This increased the payload capacity to 46,000 pounds (21,000 kg), enough to orbit a Command Module with a half-fueled Service Module, and more than enough to orbit a fully fueled Lunar Module.

Two suborbital tests of the Apollo Block I Command and Service Module, one S-IVB development test, and one Lunar Module test were conducted. Success of the LM test led to cancellation of a planned second uncrewed flight.

Saturn IB missions  Mission  | LV Serial No | Launch  | Remarks  | Refs

|
|
|
|

AS-201 | Saturn IB

SA-201

| February 26, 1966,

16:12 GMT Launch Complex 34

| First test of Saturn IB and Block I Apollo CSM. Suborbital flight landed the CM in the Atlantic Ocean, demonstrating the heat shield. Propellant pressure loss caused premature SM engine shutdown.  | [1][6][8][9]
AS-203 | Saturn IB

SA-203

| July 5, 1966,

14:53 GMT Launch Complex 37B

| No Apollo spacecraft; instrumentation and video observed on-orbit behavior of S-IVB liquid hydrogen fuel in support of restart capability design for Saturn V. Deemed a success, despite inadvertent destruction of S-IVB during final overpressure tank rupture test.  | [1][6][8][9]
AS-202 | Saturn IB

SA-202

| August 25, 1966,

17:15 GMT Launch Complex 34

| Suborbital flight to Pacific Ocean splashdown. CM heat shield tested to higher speed; successful SM firings.  | [1][6][8][9]
Apollo 5 | Saturn IB

SA-204

| January 22, 1968,

22:48 GMT Launch Complex 37B

| First flight of LM successfully fired descent engine and ascent engines; demonstrated "fire-in-the-hole" landing abort test.  | [1][8][9]

### Launch escape system tests

[edit]

From August 1963 to January 1966, a number of tests were conducted at the White Sands Missile Range for development of the launch escape system (LES). These included simulated "pad aborts", which might occur while the Apollo-Saturn space vehicle was still on the launch pad, and flights on the Little Joe II rocket to simulate Mode I aborts which might occur while the vehicle was in the air.[1]

Pad Abort Test 2 with boilerplate command module Launch escape system tests Mission  | Launch vehicle  | Launch  | Remarks  | Refs

|
|
|
|

QTV | Little Joe II | August 28, 1963,

13:05 GMT Launch Complex 36

| Little Joe II qualification test  | [1][9]
Pad Abort Test 1 | None  | November 7, 1963,

16:00 GMT Launch Complex 36

| Launch escape system (LES) abort test from launch pad  | [1][9]
A-001 | Little Joe II | May 13, 1964,

13:00 GMT Launch Complex 36

| LES transonic test, success except for parachute failure  | [1][9]
A-002 | Little Joe II | December 8, 1964,

15:00 GMT Launch Complex 36

| LES maximum altitude, Max-Q abort test  | [1][9]
A-003 | Little Joe II | May 19, 1965,

13:01 GMT Launch Complex 36

| LES canard maximum altitude abort test  | [1][9]
Pad Abort Test 2 | None  | June 29, 1965,

13:00 GMT Launch Complex 36

| LES pad abort test of near Block-I CM  | [1][9]
A-004 | Little Joe II | January 20, 1966,

15:17 GMT Launch Complex 36

| LES test of maximum weight, tumbling Block-I CM  | [1][9]

### Saturn V

[edit]

Prior to George Mueller's tenure as NASA's Associate Administrator for Manned Space Flight starting in 1963, it was assumed that 20 Saturn Vs, with at least 10 unpiloted test flights, would be required to achieve a crewed Moon landing, using the conservative one-stage-at-a-time testing philosophy used for the Saturn I. But Mueller introduced the "all-up" testing philosophy of using three live stages plus the Apollo spacecraft on every test flight. This achieved development of the Saturn V with far fewer uncrewed tests, and facilitated achieving the Moon landing by the 1969 goal. The size of the Saturn V production lot was reduced from 20 to 15 units.[10]

Three uncrewed test flights were planned to human-rate the super heavy-lift Saturn V which would take crewed Apollo flights to the Moon. Success of the first flight and qualified success of the second led to the decision to cancel the third uncrewed test.

Saturn V missions  Mission  | LV Serial No | Launch  | Remarks  | Refs

|
|
|
|

Apollo 4 | Saturn V

SA-501

| November 9, 1967,

12:00 GMT Launch Complex 39A

| First flight of Saturn V rocket; successfully demonstrated S-IVB third stage restart and tested CM heat shield at lunar re-entry speeds.  | [1][8][9]
Apollo 6 | Saturn V

SA-502

| April 4, 1968,

16:12 GMT Launch Complex 39A

| Second flight of Saturn V; severe "pogo" vibrations caused two second-stage engines to shut down prematurely, and third stage restart to fail. SM engine used to achieve high-speed re-entry, though less than Apollo 4. NASA identified vibration fixes and declared Saturn V man-rated.  | [1][8][9]

## Alphabetical mission types

[edit]

The Apollo program required sequential testing of several major mission elements in the runup to a crewed lunar landing. An alphabetical list of major mission types was proposed by Owen Maynard in September 1967.[11][12] Two "A-type" missions performed uncrewed tests of the CSM and the Saturn V, and one B-type mission performed an uncrewed test of the LM. The C-type mission, the first crewed flight of the CSM in Earth orbit, was performed by Apollo 7.

The list was revised upon George Low's proposal to commit a mission to lunar orbit ahead of schedule, an idea influenced by the status of the CSM as a proven craft and production delays of the LM.[13] Apollo 8 was reclassified from its original assignment as a D-type mission, a test of the complete CSM/LM spacecraft in Earth orbit, to a "C-prime" mission which would fly humans to the Moon. Once complete, it obviated the need for the E-type objective of a medium Earth orbital test. The D-type mission was instead performed by Apollo 9; the F-type mission, Apollo 10, flew the CSM/LM spacecraft to the Moon for final testing, without landing. The G-type mission, Apollo 11, performed the first lunar landing, the central goal of the program.

The initial A–G[11][14] list was expanded to include later mission types:[1]: 466 H-type missions—Apollo 12, 13 (planned) and 14—would perform precision landings, and J-type missions—Apollo 15, 16 and 17—would perform thorough scientific investigation. The I-type objective, which called for extended lunar orbital surveillance of the Moon,[15] was incorporated into the J-type missions.[1]: 466

Alphabetical mission types of the Apollo Program  Missions  | Mission type  | Description

|
|

* Apollo 4
* Apollo 6

| A  | Unmanned flights of launch vehicles and the CSM, to demonstrate the adequacy of their design and to certify safety for men.[14][a]
Apollo 5 | B  | Unmanned flight of the LM, to demonstrate the adequacy of its design and to certify its safety for men.[14]
Apollo 7 | C  | Manned flight to demonstrate performance and operability of the CSM.[14]
Apollo 8 | C′  | Command and service module manned flight demonstration in lunar orbit.[1]: 466
Apollo 9 | D  | Manned flight of the complete lunar landing mission vehicle in low Earth orbit to demonstrate operability of all the equipment and (insofar as could be done in Earth orbit) to perform the maneuvers involved in the ultimate mission.[14]
—  | E  | Manned flight of the complete lunar landing mission vehicle in Earth orbit to great distances from Earth.[14]
Apollo 10 | F  | A complete mission except for the final descent to and landing on the lunar surface.[14]
Apollo 11 | G  | The initial lunar landing mission.[14]

* Apollo 12
* Apollo 13 (planned)
* Apollo 14

| H  | Precision manned lunar landing demonstration and systematic lunar exploration.[1]: 466
—  | I  | Reserved for lunar survey missions. (Not used)[15]

* Apollo 15
* Apollo 16
* Apollo 17

| J  | Extensive scientific investigation of Moon on lunar surface and from lunar orbit.[1]: 466

## Crewed missions

[edit]

The Block I CSM spacecraft did not have capability to fly with the LM, and the three crew positions were designated Command Pilot, Senior Pilot, and Pilot, based on U.S. Air Force pilot ratings. The Block II spacecraft was designed to fly with the Lunar Module, so the corresponding crew positions were designated Commander, Command Module Pilot, and Lunar Module Pilot regardless of whether a Lunar Module was present or not on any mission.[16]

Seven of the missions involved extravehicular activity (EVA), spacewalks or moonwalks outside of the spacecraft. These were of three types: testing the lunar EVA suit in Earth orbit (Apollo 9), exploring the lunar surface, and retrieving film canisters from the Scientific Instrument Module stored in the Service Module.[17]

Crewed missions Mission  | Patch  | Launch date  | Crew  | Launch vehicle[b] | CM name  | LM name  | Duration  | Remarks  | Refs

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

Apollo 1 |  | February 21, 1967

Launch Complex 34 (planned)

| Gus Grissom
Ed White
Roger B. Chaffee | Saturn IB
(SA-204)  | —  | —  | —  | Never launched. On January 27, 1967, a fire in the command module during a launch pad test killed the crew and destroyed the module. This flight was originally designated AS-204, and was renamed to Apollo 1 at the request of the crew's families.  | [1][8][18][19][20]
Apollo 7 |  | October 11, 1968,

15:02 GMT Launch Complex 34

| Wally Schirra
Donn F. Eisele
Walter Cunningham | Saturn IB
(AS-205)  | —  | —  | 10 d 20 h 09 m 03 s  | Test flight of Block II CSM in Earth orbit; included first live TV broadcast from American spacecraft.  | [1][8][21][22][23]
Apollo 8 |  | December 21, 1968,

12:51 GMT Launch Complex 39A

| Frank Borman
James Lovell
William Anders | Saturn V

(SA-503)

| —  | —  | 06 d 03 h 00 m 42 s  | First humans to leave Earth orbit and first to arrive at the Moon, first circumlunar flight of CSM, had ten lunar orbits in 20 hours. First crewed flight of Saturn V.  | [1][8][24][25][26]
Apollo 9 |  | March 3, 1969,

16:00 GMT Launch Complex 39A

| James McDivitt
David Scott
Rusty Schweickart | Saturn V

(SA-504)

| Gumdrop | Spider | 10 d 01 h 00 m 54 s  | First crewed flight test of Lunar Module; tested propulsion, rendezvous and docking in Earth orbit. EVA tested the Portable Life Support System (PLSS).  | [1][8][27][28][29]
Apollo 10 |  | May 18, 1969,

16:49 GMT Launch Complex 39B

| Thomas P. Stafford
John Young
Eugene Cernan | Saturn V

(SA-505)

| Charlie Brown | Snoopy | 08 d 00 h 03 m 23 s  | "Dress rehearsal" for lunar landing. The LM descended to 8.4 nautical miles (15.6 km) from lunar surface.  | [1][8][30][31][32]
Apollo 11 |  | July 16, 1969,

13:32 GMT Launch Complex 39A

| Neil Armstrong
Michael Collins
Edwin "Buzz" Aldrin | Saturn V

(SA-506)

| Columbia | Eagle | 08 d 03 h 18 m 35 s  | First crewed landing in Sea of Tranquility (Tranquility Base) including a single surface EVA.  | [1][8][3][33]
Apollo 12 |  | November 14, 1969,

16:22 GMT Launch Complex 39A

| Charles (Pete) Conrad
Richard F. Gordon Jr.
Alan Bean | Saturn V

(SA-507)

| Yankee Clipper | Intrepid | 10 d 04 h 36 m 24 s  | First precise Moon landing in Ocean of Storms near Surveyor 3 probe. Two surface EVAs and returned parts of Surveyor to Earth.  | [1][8][34][35]
Apollo 13 |  | April 11, 1970,

19:13 GMT Launch Complex 39A

| James Lovell
Jack Swigert
Fred Haise | Saturn V

(SA-508)

| Odyssey | Aquarius | 05 d 22 h 54 m 41 s  | Intended Fra Mauro landing cancelled after SM oxygen tank exploded. LM used as "lifeboat" for safe crew return. First S-IVB stage impact on Moon for active seismic test.  | [1][8][36][7]
Apollo 14 |  | January 31, 1971,

21:03 GMT Launch Complex 39A

| Alan Shepard
Stuart Roosa
Edgar Mitchell | Saturn V

(SA-509)

| Kitty Hawk | Antares | 09 d 00 h 01 m 58 s  | Successful Fra Mauro landing. Broadcast first color TV images from lunar surface (other than a few moments at the start of the Apollo 12 moonwalk.) Conducted first materials science experiments in space. Conducted two surface EVAs.  | [1][8][37][38]
Apollo 15 |  | July 26, 1971,

13:34 GMT Launch Complex 39A

| David Scott
Alfred Worden
James Irwin | Saturn V

(SA-510)

| Endeavour | Falcon | 12 d 07 h 11 m 53 s  | Landing at Hadley–Apennine. First extended LM, three-day lunar stay. First use of Lunar Roving Vehicle. Conducted three lunar surface EVAs and one deep space EVA on return to retrieve orbital camera film from SM.  | [1][8][39][40]
Apollo 16 |  | April 16, 1972,

17:54 GMT Launch Complex 39A

| John Young
Ken Mattingly
Charles Duke | Saturn V

(SA-511)

| Casper | Orion | 11 d 01 h 51 m 05 s  | Landing in Descartes Highlands. Conducted three lunar EVAs and one deep space EVA.  | [1][8][41][42]
Apollo 17 |  | December 7, 1972,

05:33 GMT Launch Complex 39A

| Eugene Cernan
Ronald Evans
Harrison Schmitt | Saturn V

(SA-512)

| America | Challenger | 12d 13 h 51 m 59 s  | Landing at Taurus–Littrow. First professional geologist on the Moon. First night launch. Conducted three lunar EVAs and one deep space EVA.  | [1][8][9][43]

### Canceled missions

[edit]

Main article: Canceled Apollo missions

Several planned missions of the Apollo program were canceled for a variety of reasons, including changes in technical direction, the Apollo 1 fire, hardware delays, and budget limitations.

* Before the Apollo 1 fire, two crewed Block I spacecraft missions were planned, but then it was decided that the second one would give no more information about the spacecraft performance not obtained from the first, and could not carry out extra activities such as EVA, and was canceled.
* The Saturn V's all-up testing strategy and relatively good success rate accomplished the first Moon landing on the sixth flight, leaving ten available for Moon landings through Apollo 20,[44] but waning public interest in the program led to decreased Congressional funding, forcing NASA to economize. First, Apollo 20 was cut to make a Saturn V available to launch the Skylab space station whole instead of building it on-orbit using multiple Saturn IB launches.[45] Eight months later, Apollo 18 and 19 were also cut to further economize, and because of fears of increased chance of failure with a large number of lunar flights.[46][47]

Canceled missions As planned | As flown

|

Mission  | Type  | Date  | Landing site  | CDR  | CMP  | LMP  | Mission  | Launch date  | Landing site  | CDR  | CMP  | LMP
Apollo 12[c] | H  | November 1969  | Ocean of Storms | Pete Conrad | Richard F. Gordon Jr. | Alan Bean | Apollo 12  | November 14, 1969  | Ocean of Storms  | Pete Conrad  | Richard F. Gordon Jr.  | Alan Bean
Apollo 13  | H  | March 1970  | Fra Mauro highlands | Alan Shepard | Stuart Roosa | Edgar Mitchell | Apollo 13  | April 11, 1970  | Failed  | Jim Lovell | Jack Swigert | Fred Haise
Apollo 14  | H  | July 1970  | Censorinus crater | Jim Lovell  | Ken Mattingly | Fred Haise  | Apollo 14  | January 31, 1971  | Fra Mauro highlands  | Alan Shepard  | Stuart Roosa  | Edgar Mitchell
Apollo 15  | H  | November 1970  | Littrow crater | David Scott | Alfred Worden | James Irwin | Apollo 15  | July 26, 1971  | Hadley Rille | David Scott | Alfred Worden | James Irwin
Apollo 16  | J  | April 1971  | Tycho crater | John Young | Jack Swigert | Charles Duke | Apollo 16  | April 16, 1972  | Descartes Highlands | John Young  | Ken Mattingly  | Charles Duke
Apollo 17  | J  | September 1971  | Marius Hills | Gene Cernan | Ronald Evans | Joe Engle | Apollo 17  | December 7, 1972  | Taurus-Littrow | Gene Cernan  | Ronald Evans  | Harrison Schmitt
Apollo 18  | J  | February 1972  | Schroter's Valley | Richard F. Gordon Jr.  | Vance Brand | Harrison Schmitt | CANCELED September 1970
Apollo 19  | J  | July 1972  | Hyginus Rille | Fred Haise  | William Pogue | Gerald Carr | CANCELED September 1970
Apollo 20  | J  | December 1972  | Copernicus crater | Stuart Roosa  | Don L. Lind | Jack Lousma | CANCELED January 4, 1970

## See also

[edit]

There were two NASA post-Apollo crewed spaceflight programs that used Apollo hardware:[48]

* Skylab § Mission designations – space laboratory missions lasting up to 83 days
* Apollo–Soyuz – first joint US / Soviet crewed spaceflight

## Notes

[edit]

1. ^ Although the A-type designation was used in official documents to refer only to Apollo 4 and Apollo 6,[1]: 466 specifically their uncrewed orbital flights of the CSM and use of the Saturn V rocket, Samuel C. Phillips also used the A-type designation to refer to AS-201, AS-203 and AS-202: "A. Unmanned flights of launch vehicles and the CSM, to demonstrate the adequacy of their design and to certify safety for men. Five of these flights were flown between February 1966 and April 1968; Apollo 6 was the last."[14]
2. ^ Serial number displayed in parentheses
3. ^ If Apollo 11 was unable to land on the moon, Apollo 12 would have been the US's next attempt. With the successful landing, Apollo 12 was converted to a geological mission.

## References

[edit]

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39. ^ "Apollo 15 (AS-510)". Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum. August 20, 2021. Retrieved November 11, 2022.
40. ^ Apollo 15 Mission Report (PDF) (Report). NASA. December 1971. MSC-05161. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022. Retrieved September 29, 2017.
41. ^ "Apollo 16 (AS-511)". Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum. August 23, 2021. Archived from the original on November 12, 2022. Retrieved November 11, 2022.
42. ^ Apollo 16 Mission Report (PDF) (Report). NASA. December 1971. MSC-07230. Archived (PDF) from the original on July 21, 2019. Retrieved September 29, 2017.
43. ^ "Apollo 17 (AS-512)". Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum. August 23, 2021. Archived from the original on November 12, 2022. Retrieved November 11, 2022.
44. ^ Williams, David (December 11, 2003). "Apollo 18 through 20 – The Cancelled Missions". National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Archived from the original on December 24, 2018. Retrieved March 3, 2018.
45. ^ "Apollo 20". Astronautix. Archived from the original on October 13, 2016. Retrieved March 15, 2018.
46. ^ Silber, Kennith (July 16, 2009). "Down to Earth: The Apollo Moon Missions That Never Were". Scientific American. Archived from the original on January 8, 2019. Retrieved January 1, 2019.
47. ^ Rousseau, Steve (September 2, 2011). "Why Apollo Really Stopped at 17". Popular Mechanics. Archived from the original on March 3, 2018. Retrieved March 3, 2018.
48. ^ "The Skylab Program". NASA History Office. October 22, 2004. Archived from the original on December 25, 2017. Retrieved March 15, 2018.

* This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.

## Bibliography

[edit]

* Hallion, Richard P.; Crouch, Tom D. (1979). Apollo: Ten Years Since Tranquility Base. Smithsonian Institution. Bibcode:1979atys.book.....H. ISBN 978-0-87474-505-4.

## External links

[edit]

* NASA page on Apollo Missions Archived June 19, 2016, at the Wayback Machine
* National Space Science Data Center (Goddard Space Flight Center): Apollo Program with links to books on Program
* Space.com List of Apollo Missions.
* AstronomyToday List of Missions
* Project Apollo Flickr Photo Archive

* v
* t
* e

Apollo program

* List of missions
* canceled missions
* List of Apollo astronauts

Launch complexes|

* Launch Complex 34
* Launch Complex 37
* Launch Complex 39
* A
* B

Ground facilities|

* Mission Control Center
* Cape Kennedy Air Force Station
* Crawler-transporter
* Kennedy Space Center
* Manned Space Flight Network

Launch vehicles|

* Little Joe II
* Saturn
* Saturn I
* Saturn IB
* Saturn V

Spacecraft and rover|

* Apollo spacecraft
* Command and Service Module
* Lunar Module
* Lunar Roving Vehicle

Flights|

| Uncrewed|

* AS-101
* AS-102
* AS-201
* AS-202
* Apollo 4
* Apollo 5
* Apollo 6†

|

Crewed|

* Apollo 1†
* Apollo 7
* Apollo 8
* Apollo 9
* Apollo 10
* Apollo 11
* Apollo 12
* Apollo 13†
* Apollo 14
* Apollo 15
* Apollo 16
* Apollo 17

Saturn
development|

* Saturn-Apollo 1
* SA-2
* SA-3
* SA-4
* SA-5
* AS-203
* Apollo 4
* Apollo 6†

Abort tests|

* QTV
* Pad Abort Test-1
* A-001
* A-002
* A-003
* Pad Abort Test-2
* A-004

Pegasus flights|

* AS-103
* AS-104
* AS-105

Apollo 8 specific|

* Earthrise
* Genesis reading

Apollo 11 specific|

* Command Module Columbia
* Lunar Module Eagle
* Tranquility Base
* Double crater
* Little West crater
* Goodwill messages
* Lunar sample displays
* Missing tapes
* Anniversaries
* 50th Anniversary commemorative coins
* In popular culture

Apollo 12 specific|

* Statio Cognitum
* Surveyor 3
* Surveyor crater
* Bench Crater meteorite
* J002E3
* Moon Museum
* Reports of Streptococcus mitis on the Moon

Apollo 13 specific|

* "Houston, we've had a problem"

Apollo 14 specific|

* Modular Equipment Transporter
* Fra Mauro formation
* Big Bertha
* Moon tree

Apollo 15 specific|

* Journey
* Lunar operations
* Solo operations
* Return to Earth
* Hadley–Apennine
* Fallen Astronaut
* Genesis Rock
* Great Scott
* Hadley Rille meteorite
* Seatbelt basalt
* Postal covers incident

Apollo 16 specific|

* Big Muley

Apollo 17 specific|

* The Blue Marble
* Taurus–Littrow
* Tracy's Rock
* Nansen-Apollo crater
* Shorty crater
* Lunar sample display
* Lunar basalt 70017
* Troctolite 76535
* Apollo Lunar Sounder Experiment
* Fe, Fi, Fo, Fum, and Phooey

Post-Apollo
capsule use|

* Skylab
* 2
* 3
* 4
* Apollo–Soyuz

Related|

* Lunar orbit rendezvous
* Stolen and missing Moon rocks
* Third-party evidence for Apollo Moon landings

* Symbol † indicates failure or partial failure

* v
* t
* e

Spaceflight lists and timelines

* Timeline of spaceflight

General|

* Space exploration
* outline
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Human spaceflight|

| General|

* Crewed spacecraft
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|

Salyut|

* Expeditions
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Mir|

* Expeditions
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ISS|

* Expeditions
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Tiangong|

* Expeditions
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Shuttle|

* Crews
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People|

* Astronauts
* by name
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* Space scientists
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* by name
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* timeline by nationality
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EVA|

* 1965–1999
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Solar System
exploration|

* Timeline
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Earth-orbiting
satellites|

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Vehicles|

* Orbital launch systems
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* Super heavy-lift launch vehicle

Launches
by rocket type|

* Ariane
* Antares
* Atlas
* Atlas LV3B
* Atlas LV3C
* Black Brant
* Electron
* Delta DM-19
* Delta 1
* Delta II
* Delta III
* Delta IV Heavy
* Delta IV Medium
* Delta IV
* Falcon 9 and Heavy
* 2010–2019
* 2020–2022
* GSLV
* H-II and H3
* Kosmos
* Long March
* Minotaur
* Proton
* PSLV
* R-7 (including Semyorka, Molniya, Vostok, Voskhod and Soyuz)
* Scout
* SLS
* Starship
* Thor and Delta
* Thor-Agena
* Thor DM-18 Able
* Thor DM-18 Agena-A
* Thor DM-18
* Thor DM-21 Agena-B
* Titan
* Tsyklon
* V-2 tests
* Vega
* Vulcan
* Zenit

Launches by spaceport|

* Satish Dhawan

Agencies, companies
and facilities|

* Communications satellite companies
* comparison
* Private spaceflight companies
* Rocket launch sites
* Space agencies
* Spacecraft manufacturers

Other mission lists
and timelines|

* First orbital launches by country
* First satellites by country
* NASA missions
* Constellation missions
* Timeline of first images of Earth from space
* Timeline of longest spaceflights
* Timeline of private spaceflight

* v
* t
* e

NASA

Policy and history|

| History
(creation)|

* NACA (1915)
* National Aeronautics and Space Act (1958)
* Space Task Group (1958)
* Paine (1986)
* Rogers (1986)
* Ride (1987)
* Space Exploration Initiative (1989)
* Augustine (1990)
* U.S. National Space Policy (1996)
* CFUSAI (2002)
* CAIB (2003)
* Vision for Space Exploration (2004)
* Aldridge (2004)
* Augustine (2009)

|

General|

* Space Race
* Administrator and Deputy Administrator
* Chief Scientist
* Astronaut Corps
* Ranks and positions
* Chief
* Budget
* NASA research
* spinoff technologies
* NASA+
* NASA TV
* NASA Social
* Launch Services Program
* Mercury Control Center
* Manned Space Flight Network
* Kennedy Space Center
* Vehicle Assembly Building
* Launch Complex 39
* Launch Complex 48
* Launch Control Center
* Operations and Checkout Building
* Johnson Space Center
* Mission Control
* Lunar Sample Laboratory
* Science Mission Directorate

Human spaceflight
programs|

| Past|

* X-15 (suborbital)
* Mercury
* Gemini
* Apollo
* Skylab
* Apollo–Soyuz (with the Soviet space program)
* Space Shuttle
* Shuttle–Mir (with Roscosmos State Corporation)
* Constellation

|

Current|

* International Space Station
* Commercial Orbital Transportation Services
* Commercial Crew
* Orion
* Artemis
* Lunar Gateway

Robotic programs|

| Past|

* Hitchhiker
* Mariner
* Mariner Mark II
* MESUR
* Mars Surveyor '98
* New Millennium
* Lunar Orbiter
* Pioneer
* Planetary Observer
* Ranger
* Surveyor
* Viking
* Project Prometheus
* Mars Exploration
* Mars Exploration Rover

|

Current|

* Living With a Star
* Lunar Precursor Robotic Program
* Earth Observing System
* Great Observatories program
* Explorers
* Voyager
* Discovery
* New Frontiers
* Solar Terrestrial Probes
* Commercial Lunar Payload Services
* SIMPLEx

Individual featured
missions
(human and robotic)|

| Past|

* Apollo 11
* COBE
* Mercury 3
* Mercury-Atlas 6
* Magellan
* Pioneer 10
* Pioneer 11
* Galileo
* timeline
* GALEX
* GRAIL
* WMAP
* Space Shuttle
* Spitzer Space Telescope
* Sojourner rover
* Spirit rover
* LADEE
* MESSENGER
* Aquarius
* Cassini
* Dawn
* Kepler space telescope
* Opportunity rover
* timeline
* observed
* RHESSI
* InSight
* Ingenuity helicopter
* flights

|

Currently
operating|

* Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter
* 2001 Mars Odyssey
* New Horizons
* International Space Station
* Hubble Space Telescope
* Swift
* THEMIS
* Mars Exploration Rover
* Curiosity rover
* timeline
* GOES 14
* Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter
* GOES 15
* Van Allen Probes
* Solar Dynamics Observatory
* Juno
* Mars Science Laboratory
* timeline
* NuSTAR
* Voyager 1
* Voyager 2
* WISE
* MAVEN
* MMS
* OSIRIS-REx
* Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite
* Mars 2020
* Perseverance rover
* timeline
* James Webb Space Telescope
* timeline
* PACE

Future|

* Joint Polar Satellite System
* NISAR
* Europa Clipper
* Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope

Communications
and navigation|

* Near Earth Network
* Space Network
* Deep Space Network (Goldstone
* Madrid
* Canberra
* Space Flight Operations Facility)
* Deep Space Atomic Clock

NASA lists|

* Astronauts
* by name
* by year
* Gemini astronauts
* Apollo astronauts
* Space Shuttle crews
* NASA aircraft
* NASA missions
* uncrewed missions
* Apollo missions
* Space Shuttle missions
* United States rockets
* NASA cancellations
* NASA cameras on spacecraft

NASA images
and artwork|

* Earthrise
* The Blue Marble
* Family Portrait
* Pale Blue Dot
* Pillars of Creation
* Mystic Mountain
* Solar System Family Portrait
* The Day the Earth Smiled
* Fallen Astronaut
* Deep fields
* Lunar plaques
* Pioneer plaques
* Voyager Golden Record
* Apollo 11 goodwill messages
* NASA insignia
* Gemini and Apollo medallions
* Mission patches
* Hubble Space Telescope anniversary images

Related|

* "We choose to go to the Moon"
* Apollo 8 Genesis reading
* Apollo 15 postal covers incident
* Space Mirror Memorial
* The Astronaut Monument
* Lunar sample displays
* Moon rocks
* stolen or missing
* U.S. Astronaut Hall of Fame
* Space program on U.S. stamps
* Apollo 17 Moon mice
* Moon tree
* Other primates in space
* NASA International Space Apps Challenge
* Astronauts Day
* National Astronaut Day
* Nikon NASA F4

* Category
* Commons

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