List of Australian penal colonies

The following is a list of Australian penal colonies that existed from the establishment of European presence in the 1780s up until the nineteenth century.[citation needed] The term colony had referred to settlements and larger land areas at that time.

Settlement | Colony | Year opened | Year closed

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Cockatoo Island | New South Wales | 1839 | 1869
Rose Hill | New South Wales | 1788  |
Sydney Cove | New South Wales | 1788 | 1840
Moreton Bay | Queensland (New South Wales before 1859) | 1824  |
Redcliffe | Queensland | 1823 | 1824
Maria Island | Van Diemen's Land[note 1] | 1825 | 1851
Port Arthur | Van Diemen's Land | 1830  |
Richmond | Van Diemen's Land | 1830  |
Risdon Cove | Van Diemen's Land | 1794 |
Sarah Island, part of the Macquarie Harbour Penal Station | Van Diemen's Land | 1822 | 1833
Saltwater River | Van Diemen's Land | 1879 | 1970
Sullivans Cove | Van Diemen's Land | 1914  |
King George's Sound | Western Australia | 1826 | 1832[note 2]
Swan River Colony | Western Australia | 1850 | 1868[note 3]
Norfolk Island | Other | 1788 | 1855[note 4]

This list is incomplete; you can help by adding missing items. (August 2008)

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## Notes

[edit]

1. ^ Later renamed Tasmania
2. ^ Convicts transferred back to Sydney
3. ^ Last convict ship arrived 9 January 1868
4. ^ Except for an 11-year hiatus between 15 February 1814 and 6 June 1825

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Convicts in Australia

* Assignment
* Australia Day
* Emancipation
* Female factories
* Freedom
* History of Australia (1788–1850)
* New Holland
* Women

Penal colonies|

* Cockatoo Island
* Rosehill
* Sydney Cove
* Moreton Bay
* Redcliffe
* Maria Island
* Port Arthur
* Richmond
* Risdon Cove
* Macquarie Harbour (History)
* Norfolk Island (History)
* Saltwater River
* Sullivans Cove
* Western Australia

Events|

* First Fleet (1788)
* Second Fleet (1789)
* Third Fleet (1791)
* Lady Shore mutiny (1797)
* Castle Hill Rebellion (1804)
* Rum Rebellion (1808)
* Capture of the brig Emu (1813)
* Argo disappearance (1814)
* Norfolk Island mutinies (1826–1846)
* Cyprus mutiny (1829)
* Bathurst Rebellion (1830)
* Badger escape (1833)
* Frederick escape (1834)
* Wreck of the George III (1835)
* Wreck of the Hive (1835)
* Wreck of the Neva (1835)
* Cooking Pot Uprising (1846)
* Catalpa rescue (1876)
* Anti-Transportation League

Convict ships|

* First Fleet
* Second Fleet
* Third Fleet
* New South Wales
* Norfolk Island
* Tasmania
* Western Australia

Governors and
commandants|

* Arthur
* Bligh
* Bourke
* Brisbane
* Collins
* Darling
* Davey
* Denison
* Eardley-Wilmot
* Franklin
* Gipps
* Hunter
* Johnston
* King
* Logan
* Macquarie
* Paterson
* Phillip
* Sorell

Notable convicts
and personnel|

| Surgeons|

* William Bland
* Arthur Bowes Smyth
* William Redfern
* D'Arcy Wentworth

|

Entrepreneurs|

* Enoch Barratt
* Daniel Connor
* Daniel Cooper
* John Davies
* William Field
* William Hutchinson
* Mary Hyde
* Henry Kable
* Solomon Levey
* Simeon Lord
* Mary Reibey
* Robert Sidaway
* James Squire
* John Tawell
* Samuel Terry

Architects|

* James Blackburn
* Francis Greenway

Bushrangers
and escapees|

* Charlotte Badger
* Matthew Brady
* Mary Bryant
* William Bryant
* William Buckley
* Moondyne Joe
* John Caesar
* Martin Cash
* William Chopin
* Michael Howe
* Lawrence Kavenagh
* John Mitchel
* Thomas Muir
* John Boyle O'Reilly
* Alexander Pearce
* William Westwood

Artists|

* Joseph Backler
* Thomas Bock
* Richard Browne
* Knud Bull
* Edmund Edgar
* John Eyre
* William Buelow Gould
* Joseph Lycett
* Charles Rodius
* Thomas Griffiths Wainewright
* Thomas Watling
* James Walsh

Politicians|

* William Cuffay
* William Henry Groom
* Kevin Izod O'Doherty

Chroniclers|

* Denis Cashman
* Margaret Catchpole
* Frank the Poet
* Henry Savery
* James Hardy Vaux
* John Acton Wroth

Explorers|

* John Baxter
* James Meehan
* Joseph Wild

Other
convicts|

* Esther Abrahams
* John Baughan
* James Bloodsworth
* Billy Blue
* John Cadman
* Elizabeth Callaghan
* Margaret Dawson
* Laurence Hynes Halloran
* Mark Jeffrey
* Jørgen Jørgensen
* William Smith O'Brien
* Robert Palin
* Isaac Nichols
* Joseph Potaski
* James Ruse
* Elizabeth Thackery
* Mary Wade

Popular culture|

| Music|

* Transportation ballads
* "Botany Bay"
* "Moreton Bay"
* "Jim Jones at Botany Bay"
* "Van Diemen's Land"

|

Film|

* For the Term of His Natural Life (1908)
* The Assigned Servant (1911)
* It Is Never Too Late to Mend (1911)
* The Lady Outlaw (1911)
* The Life of Rufus Dawes (1911)
* The Mark of the Lash (1911)
* One Hundred Years Ago (1911)
* The Romantic Story of Margaret Catchpole (1911)
* Sentenced for Life (1911)
* Moondyne (1913)
* Transported (1913)
* The Tenth Straw (1926)
* For the Term of His Natural Life (1927)
* To New Shores (1937)
* Red Sky at Morning (1944)
* Under Capricorn (1949)
* Botany Bay (1953)
* Adam's Woman (1970)
* Journey Among Women (1977)
* The Last Confession of Alexander Pearce (2008)
* Van Diemen's Land (2009)
* The Nightingale (2017)

Television|

* The Devil Makes Sunday (1961)
* The Devil Makes Sunday (1962)
* Against the Wind (1978)
* Sara Dane (1982)
* For the Term of His Natural Life (1983)
* The Incredible Journey of Mary Bryant (2005)
* Banished (2015)
* The Secret River (2015)

Literature|

* Journals of the First Fleet
* It's Never Too Late to Mend (1856)
* The Broad Arrow (1859)
* Great Expectations (1861)
* The Wild Goose (1867)
* For the Term of His Natural Life (1872)
* Moondyne (1879)
* Bring Larks and Heroes (1967)
* A Fringe of Leaves (1973)
* The Playmaker (1987)
* Remembering Babylon (1993)
* The Potato Factory (1995)
* Jack Maggs (1997)
* Gould's Book of Fish (2001)
* The Secret River (2005)
* The Lieutenant (2008)
* Parrot and Olivier in America (2010)

Stage|

* The Transports (1977)
* Our Country's Good (1988)

Art|

* Charlotte Medal
* Port Jackson Painter
* Rajah Quilt
* Sydney punchbowls
* Twenty Dollar Note

Australian
Convict Sites|

* Brickendon Estate
* Cadmans Cottage
* Cascades Female Factory
* Coal Mines
* Commissariat Store, Brisbane
* Darlington Probation Station
* Elizabeth Farm
* Experiment Farm Cottage
* Fremantle Prison
* Great North Road
* Hyde Park Barracks
* Kingston and Arthur's Vale
* Lennox Bridge
* Old Government House
* Parramatta Female Factory
* Port Arthur
* Richmond Bridge
* Richmond Gaol
* Ross Female Factory
* The Old Windmill, Brisbane
* Vaucluse House
* Woolmers Estate

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