List of Bronze Age states

Further information: 4th millennium BC, 3rd millennium BC, and 2nd millennium BC

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Overview map of the world at the end of the 2nd millennium BC, color-coded by cultural stage:

Palaeolithic or Mesolithic hunter-gatherers

nomadic pastoralists

simple farming societies

complex farming societies (Old World Bronze Age, Andes)

state societies (Fertile Crescent, China)

Bronze Age

↑ Chalcolithic

Africa, Near East (c. 3300–1200 BC)

Egypt, Anatolia, Caucasus, Elam, Levant, Mesopotamia, Sistan, Canaan Late Bronze Age collapse

East Asia (c. 3100–300 BC)

Erlitou, Erligang, Gojoseon, Jomon, Majiayao, Mumun, Qijia, Siwa, Wucheng, Xindian, Yueshi, Xia dynasty, Shang dynasty, Sanxingdui, Zhou dynasty

Eurasia and Siberia (c. 2700–700 BC)

Poltavka culture, Abashevo culture, Sintashta culture, Andronovo culture, Mezhovskaya culture, Cherkaskul culture

Europe (c. 3200–900 BC)

Aegean (Cycladic, Minoan, Mycenaean), Caucasus, Catacomb culture, Srubnaya culture, Bell Beaker culture, Apennine culture, Terramare culture, Únětice culture, Tumulus culture, Urnfield culture, Proto-Villanovan culture, Hallstatt culture, Canegrate culture, Golasecca culture, Argaric culture, Atlantic Bronze Age, Bronze Age Britain, Nordic Bronze Age

Indian subcontinent (c. 3300–1200 BC)

Indus Valley Civilisation, Bronze Age India, Ochre Coloured Pottery, Cemetery H

Topics

Arsenical bronze, writing, literature, Sword, Chariot

↓ Iron Age

* v
* t
* e

The Bronze Age (c. 3300–1200 BC) marks the emergence of the first complex state societies, and by the Middle Bronze Age (mid-3rd millennium BC) the first empires. This is a list of Bronze Age polities.

By the end of the Bronze Age, complex state societies were mostly limited to the Fertile Crescent and to China, while Bronze Age tribal chiefdoms with less complex forms of administration were found throughout Bronze Age Europe and Central Asia, in the northern Indian subcontinent, and in parts of Mesoamerica and the Andes (although these latter societies were not in the Bronze Age cultural stage).

## West Asia

[edit]

Further information: List of cities of the ancient Near East

The Hittite Empire shown in blue, late Bronze Age, 1400 BC Ancient history

Preceded by prehistory

Near East

* Sumer
* Kish
* Egypt
* Elam
* Ebla
* Mari
* Armi
* Hatti
* Dilmun
* Magan
* Nubia
* Berbers
* Akkad
* Assyria
* Babylonia
* Qatna
* Amurru
* Yamhad
* Urkesh
* Mitanni
* Hittites
* Phrygians
* Ugarit
* Canaan
* Phoenicia
* Alashiya
* Arameans
* Israel and Judah
* Sabaʾ
* Himyar
* Chaldea
* Urartu
* Media
* Phrygia
* Achaemenid Empire
* Sea Peoples
* Anatolia
* Arabia
* Egypt
* Iran
* The Levant
* Mesopotamia

Europe

* Aegean Civilization
* Greece
* Thracians
* Dacians
* Illyrians
* Pelasgians
* Argaric
* Torrean
* Nuragic
* Talaiotic
* Tartessos
* Guanches
* Etruscans
* Rome
* Migration Period
* Barbarian kingdoms
* Celts
* Germanics
* Slavs
* Iberia
* Italy
* Gaul
* British Isles
* Illyria
* Thracia
* Dacia
* Malta
* Caucasus

Horn of Africa

* Land of Punt
* Nubia
* Kerma Kingdom
* Macrobia
* Dʿmt
* Kingdom of Kush
* Kingdom of Aksum
* Kingdom of Simien
* Harla Kingdom
* Barbaria
* Opone
* Malao
* Mosylon
* Mundus
* Toniki
* Aromata
* Avalites
* Sarapion
* Nicon
* Essina
* Rauso
* Nilotic Peoples
* African kingdoms

North Africa

* Carthage
* Garamantes
* Nasamones chiefdom
* Cyrene
* Blemmyes
* Massylii Confederation
* Numidia
* Mauretania
* Nobatia
* Kingdom of Ouarsenis
* Kingdom of the Vandals and Alans
* Kingdom of Capsus
* Kingdom of Masuna
* Kingdom of the Aurès
* Kingdom of Makuria
* Kingdom of Hodna
* Nemencha
* Laguatan
* Alodia
* Kingdom of Altava
* Libya
* African kingdoms

Eurasian Steppe

* Proto-Indo-Europeans
* Afanasievo
* Indo-Iranians
* Scythia
* Tungusic
* Mohe
* Tocharians
* Qiang
* Donghu
* Yuezhi
* Wusun
* Xiongnu
* Huns
* Hunas
* Xionites
* Iranian Huns
* Hephthalites
* Proto-Mongols
* Wuhuan
* Kumo Xi
* Xianbei
* Tuyuhun
* Rouran
* Khitan
* Shiwei
* Pannonian Avars
* Turks
* Hu
* Four Barbarians
* Five Barbarians
* Eurasian nomads
* Nomadic empire
* Siberia

Central Asia

* Bactria
* Bactria–Margiana
* Sarazm
* Sogdia/Kangju
* Greco-Bactrian Kingdom
* Yavana Kingdom
* Kushan Empire
* Badakhshan
* Transoxiana
* Khwarazm
* Khorasan
* Margiana
* Parthia
* Dahae
* Fergana Valley
* Tarim Basin

East Asia

* China
* Japan
* Korea
* Manchuria
* Mongolia
* Taiwan
* Tibet
* Xinjiang

South Asia

* Indus Valley Civilisation
* Vedic period
* Mahajanapadas
* Nanda Empire
* Maurya Empire
* Satavahana dynasty
* Sangam period
* Middle kingdoms

Northern America

* Adena
* Hopewell
* Mississippian
* Ancestral Puebloans
* Hohokam
* Mogollon
* Fremont
* Patayan
* Sinagua
* Pre-Dorset
* Thule people
* Glades
* St. Johns culture

Mesoamerica

* Olmecs
* Epi-Olmec
* Capacha
* Maya
* Huastec
* Mixtec
* Xochipala
* Gran Coclé
* Izapa
* Tlatilco
* Cuicuilco
* Zapotec
* Mezcala
* Chupícuaro
* Quelepa
* Western Mexico shaft tomb tradition
* Teuchitlán
* Veraguas
* Diquis
* Cholula
* Teotihuacan
* Nicoya
* Veracruz
* Totonac
* Toltec

Andes

* Caral–Supe
* Casma–Sechin
* Chavín
* Paracas
* Nazca
* Moche
* Lima
* Tiwanaku
* Wari

Caribbean

* Ortoiroid people
* Guanahatabey
* Saladoid
* Kalinago
* Kalina
* Arawak
* Indigenous peoples
* Seafaring

West Africa and Central Africa

* Kintampo
* Dhar Tichitt
* Oualata
* Nok
* Sao
* Ekoi
* Senegambia
* Serer
* Senegambia megaliths
* Pre-imperial Mali
* Djenné-Djenno
* Igodomigodo
* Bantu
* Bura
* Sahelian kingdoms
* Ghana Empire
* Takrur
* Pygmies
* African kingdoms

Southeast Asia and Oceania

* Melanesians
* Austronesians
* Australia
* Micronesia
* Melanesia
* Polynesia
* Hồng Bàng
* Suvarnabhumi
* Singhanavati
* Sungai Batu
* Mon
* Pyu
* Thaton
* Âu Lạc
* Nanyue
* Chi Tu
* Tun Sun
* Funan
* Tambralinga
* Langkasuka
* Tagaung
* Gangga Negara
* Sri Ksetra
* Champa
* Lâm Ấp
* Quduqian
* Pan Pan
* Arakan
* Kutai
* Xitu
* Tarumanagara
* Kantoli
* Mueang Pahang
* Lavo
* Kalingga
* Melayu
* Dvaravati
* Chenla
* Srivijaya
* Shailendra
* Cambodia
* Laos
* Malaysia
* Myanmar
* Thailand
* Vietnam
* Brunei
* Indonesia
* Timor
* Philippines
* Singapore

See also

* Human history
* Ancient maritime history
* Protohistory
* Copper Age
* Bronze Age
* Axial Age
* Iron Age
* Historiography
* Ancient literature
* Ancient warfare
* Cradle of civilization

* Category
* Followed by Post-classical history

* v
* t
* e

Name  | Capital  | State type  | Existed

|
|
|

Akkadian Empire | Akkad  | Empire  | 2334–2154 BC
Alashiya | Enkomi, Kalavasos  | Kingdom  | 1450–1050 BC
Amurru | Sumer  | Kingdom  | 2000–1200 BC
Arme-Shupria | Van  | Kingdom  | 1290–1190 BC
Armi | Armi  | Kingdom city state/client  | 2290–40 BC
Arzawa | Apasa  | Confederation of principalities  | 1700–1300 BC
Assyria | Assur  | Empire  | 2025–609 BC
Assuwa league | Various  | Confederation of city states  | 1400–1250 BC
Babylonia | Babylon  | Empire  | 1894–1595 BC
Byblos | Byblos  | Phoenocian city state  | 1800–970 BC
Canaan | Various  | Confederation of city states  | 1800–1194 BC
Dilmun | Qal'at  | Kingdom  | 2600–675 BC
Ebla | Ebla  | Kingdom  | 3500–1600 BC
Elam | Susa  | Kingdom  | 2700–1210 BC
Eshnuna | Eshnunna  | Kingdom city state  | 2000 BC – 8th century BC
Gutium | Arrapkha  | Kingdom  | 2141–2050 BC
Hatti | Hattusa  | Principality city states  | 2700–1900 BC
Hayasa-Azzi | Samuha  | 2 Kingdom confederation  | 1500–1190 BC
Hittite Empire | Hattusa  | Empire  | 1600–1178 BC
Hyksos | Itjtawy, Thebes  | Confederacy  | 1800–1180 BC
Isuwa | not specified  | Kingdom  | 2800 – 12th c BC
Kassite | Babylon  | Kingdom  | 1750–1135 BC
Kaskia | Zalpa, Nerik  | Tribal confederation/kingdom  | 1430–1200 BC
Kizzuwatna | Kummanni  | Kingdom  | 1600–1220 BC
Kussara | Kussara  | Kingdom city states  | 1900–1650 BC
Lukka | Not specified  | Tribal kingdom  | 2000–1183 BC
Lullubi | Lulubuna  | Tribal kingdom  | 2400–650 BC
Luvia |  | Tribal kingdom  | 2000–1400 BC
Magan | Not specified  | Kingdom  | 2200–550 BC
Marhasi | Marhaši  | Kingdom city state  | 2900–1900 BC
Mari | Mari  | Kingdom city state  | 2900–1759 BC
Mittani | Washukanni  | Kingdom  | 1600–1300 BC
Namar | Namar  | Kingdom  | 2350–750 BC
Nagar | Nagar  | Kingdom  | 2600–2300 BC
Pala | ?  | Kingdom  | ???–1178 BC
Phoenicia | Various  | Kingdom city states  | 2500–539 BC
Purushanda | Purušhanda  | Kingdom city state  | 2000–1650 BC
Qatna | Qatna  | City-State  | 2000–1340 BC
Sea Peoples | Not specified  | Tribal confederacy  | 1575–1175 BC
Sumer | Various  | Kingdom city states  | 4500–1900 BC
Troas | Troy  | Kingdom  | 2000–700 BC
Ugarit | Ugarit  | Kingdom city state  | 2500–1090 BC
Ur | Ur  | city state  | 3800–800 BC
Urkesh | Urkesh  | Kingdom city state/client  | 2250–1350 BC
Yamhad | Halab  | Kingdom  | 1810–1525 BC
Zalpa | Zalpa  | Kingdom city state/client  | 1830–1670 BC

## Africa

[edit]

Name  | Capital/s  | Type  | Existed

|
|
|

Early Dynastic Egypt | Thinis, Memphis | Kingdom  | 3150–2686 BC
Old Kingdom of Egypt | Memphis | Kingdom  | 2686–2181 BC
Kingdom of Egypt | Thebes | Kingdom  | 2055–1550 BC
Egyptian Empire | Akhetaten, Pi-Ramesses, Thebes  | Empire  | 1550–1069 BC
Nubia | Kerma | Principalities[1] | 2500–15th century BC
Libu | Not specified  | Tribal chiefdoms  | 1550–630 BC[2]
Punt | Not specified  | Kingdom  | 2400–1069 BC

## Americas

[edit]

name  | capital  | state type  | existed

|
|
|

Caral–Supe civilization | Various  | city states  | 3500–1800 BC
Casma-Sechin | Various  | city state  | 3600–200 BC
Olmec | La Venta | Kingdom city states  | 1600–400 BC

## Europe

[edit]

Name  | Capital/s  | Type  | Existed

|
|
|

Minoa | Knossos | Kingdom city states  | 3100–1000 BC
Mycenaea | Mycenae | Kingdom city states  | 1600–1100 BC
Sea Peoples | Not specified  | Tribal confederacy  | 1500 – 1175 BC

## Asia

[edit]

### Eurasian Steppe and Central Asia

[edit]

Name  | Capital  | Type  | Existed

|
|
|

Bactria–Margiana | Gonur  | Tribal kingdoms  | 2300–1700 BC
Colchis | Phasis  | Kingdom  | 1300 BC – 2nd century AD

### East Asia

[edit]

Approximate location of the territory of the Shang Kingdom within China name  | capital  | state type  | existed

|
|
|

Qi | Qi  | Dukedom  | 1600–445 BC
Shang | Anyang  | Kingdom  | 1600–1046 BC
Xia | Yangcheng  | Kingdom  | 2070–1600 BC

### South Asia

[edit]

Ruins of houses at Mehrgarh, Balochistan. Extent of various city states of the Harrapa Civilization by researcher Rajesh Rao. name  | capital  | state type  | existed

|
|
|

Mehrgarh | Mehrgarh | unclear  | 7000 –2500/2000 BC
Indus Valley civilization | Harappa ?  | unclear  | 3300–1300 BC

## See also

[edit]

* Copper Age state societies
* List of Iron Age states (c. 1200–600 BC)
* List of Classical Age states (c. 600 BC–200 AD)
* List of former sovereign states
* List of ancient great powers
* List of largest empires

## References

[edit]

1. ^ "Karmah Archaeological site (The Sudan)". Encyclopædia Britannica. Britannica Inc. Retrieved 11 August 2014.
2. ^ Taylor, Francis. "Kingdoms of North Africa: Encyclopaedia of African History: Volume 1 A-G". 1999–2014. The History Files. Retrieved 18 March 2014.

## External links

[edit]

* History Files
* Livius Ancient History Articles
* World History Maps (individual) from 1300 BC to 1500 AD

* v
* t
* e

Lists of political entities by century

AD (CE)|

* Current list of sovereign states

Centuries|

* 1st
* 2nd
* 3rd
* 4th
* 5th
* 6th
* 7th
* 8th
* 9th
* 10th
* 11th
* 19th

Decades|

* 1400s
* 1460s
* 1490s
* 1500s
* 1520s
* 1620s
* 1640s
* 1660s
* 1750s
* 1760s
* 1770s
* 1780s
* 1790s
* 1800s
* 1810s
* 1820s
* 1830s
* 1840s
* 1850s
* 1860s
* 1870s
* 1880s
* 1890s
* 1900s
* 1910s
* 1920s
* 1930s
* 1940s
* 1950s
* 1960s
* 1970s
* 1980s
* 1990s
* 2000s
* 2010s
* 2020s

Ages|

* Classical
* Late Antiquity
* Middle

BC (BCE)|

| Centuries|

* 35th BC
* 21st BC
* 20th BC
* 19th BC
* 18th BC
* 17th BC
* 16th BC
* 15th BC
* 14th BC
* 13th BC
* 12th BC
* 11th BC
* 10th BC
* 9th BC
* 8th BC
* 7th BC
* 6th BC
* 5th BC
* 4th BC
* 3rd BC
* 2nd BC
* 1st BC

|

Ages|

* Copper
* Bronze
* Iron
* Classical

* v
* t
* e

Centuries and millennia

| Millennium | Century

|

BC (BCE)
4th | 40th | 39th | 38th | 37th | 36th | 35th | 34th | 33rd | 32nd | 31st
3rd | 30th | 29th | 28th | 27th | 26th | 25th | 24th | 23rd | 22nd | 21st
2nd | 20th | 19th | 18th | 17th | 16th | 15th | 14th | 13th | 12th | 11th
1st | 10th | 9th | 8th | 7th | 6th | 5th | 4th | 3rd | 2nd | 1st
AD (CE)
1st | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 4th | 5th | 6th | 7th | 8th | 9th | 10th
2nd | 11th | 12th | 13th | 14th | 15th | 16th | 17th | 18th | 19th | 20th
3rd | 21st | 22nd | 23rd | 24th | 25th | 26th | 27th | 28th | 29th | 30th

* v
* t
* e

Bronze Age

↑ Chalcolithic

Bronze Age|

* Abashevo culture
* Aegean civilization
* Andronovo culture
* Apennine culture
* Armorican Tumulus culture
* Atlantic Bronze Age
* BMAC
* Bronze Age Britain
* Bronze Age Europe
* Canegrate culture
* Catacomb culture
* Chinese Bronze Age
* Cycladic culture
* Deer stones culture
* Deverel–Rimbury culture
* Elp culture
* Ewart Park Phase
* Ezero culture
* Glazkov culture
* Argaric culture
* Hallstatt culture
* Helladic period
* Indus Valley Civilisation
* Late Jomon
* Karasuk culture
* Liaoning bronze dagger culture
* Lusatian culture
* Minoan civilization
* Mumun pottery period
* Mycenaean Greece
* Nordic Bronze Age
* Okunev culture
* Ordos culture
* Penard Period
* Samus culture
* South-Western Iberian Bronze
* Srubnaya culture
* Tagar culture
* Tarim Basin
* Terramare culture
* Trzciniec
* Tumulus culture
* Únětice culture
* Urnfield culture
* Wessex culture
* Wilburton-Wallington Phase

Bronze Age
(North Caucasus
and Transcaucasia)|

* Kurgan
* Koban
* Kura–Araxes
* Shulaveri-Shomu
* Colchian
* Trialeti
* Maykop culture
* Leyla-Tepe culture
* Jar-Burial
* Khojaly–Gadabay

↓ Iron Age

* v
* t
* e

Types of state

* Administrative state
* Capitalist state
* Chiefdom
* City-state
* Civilization state
* Client state
* Confederation
* Developmental state
* Duchy
* Empire
* Federation
* Khanate
* Kingdom
* Nation state
* Night-watchman state
* Quasi-state
* Pariah state
* Parallel state
* Politeia
* Principality
* Republic
* Rump state
* Sovereign state
* Territorial state
* Warlord
* Welfare state

*[c.]: circa
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