List of European Commissioners by nationality

A European Commissioner is a member of the European Commission. Each Commissioner within the college holds a specific portfolio and are led by the President of the European Commission. In simple terms they are the equivalent of national ministers. Each European Union member state has the right to a single commissioner (before the Barroso I Commission in November 2004, the five largest states—France, Germany, Italy, Spain and the United Kingdom—were granted two) and appoints them in consultation with the President.

The accession of Romania and Bulgaria in 2007 raised the number of commissioners from 25 to 27, and after the accession of Croatia in 2013 the number of commissioners raised to 28. The United Kingdom left the EU on 31 January 2020, and did not nominate a commissioner when the Juncker Commission ended on 1 December 2019.

Below is a list of all past and present European Commissioners according to the member state they were nominated by, including the Presidents of the European Coal and Steel Community and European Atomic Energy Community. The colours indicate their European political family background (blue for conservative or centre-right, mainly the European People's Party; red for left-wing or social democrats, mainly the Party of European Socialists; yellow for centrist or liberals, mainly the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party; green for green politicians, mainly the European Green Party; grey for independents or unknowns; and their pan-European predecessors).

## List of European Commissioners by nationality[edit]

State  | Name  | Portfolio  | Start  | End  | Commission  | Party  | Family

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Austria | Franz Fischler | Agriculture and Rural Development | 23 January 1995 | 15 September 1999 | Santer | ÖVP | EPP
Agriculture, Rural Development and Fisheries | 16 September 1999 | 21 November 2004 | Prodi
Benita Ferrero-Waldner | External Relations and European Neighbourhood Policy | 22 November 2004 | 1 December 2009 | Barroso I | ÖVP | EPP
Trade and European Neighbourhood Policy | 1 December 2009 | 9 February 2010
Johannes Hahn | Regional Policy | 9 February 2010 | 31 October 2014 | Barroso II | ÖVP | EPP
Justice, Fundamental Rights and Citizenship (acting)[1] | 19 April 2014 | 25 May 2014
Justice, Fundamental Rights and Citizenship (acting)[1] | 1 July 2014 | 16 July 2014
European Neighbourhood Policy and Enlargement Negotiations | 1 November 2014 | 30 November 2019 | Juncker
Regional Policy (acting)[2] | 3 July 2019 | 30 November 2019
Budget and Administration | 1 December 2019 | present | Von der Leyen
Belgium | Jean Rey | External Relations | 7 January 1958 | 9 January 1962 | Hallstein I | PLP | ALDE
External Relations | 9 January 1962 | 30 June 1967 | Hallstein II
President | 2 July 1967 | 30 June 1970 | Rey
Albert Coppé | Budget, Credit, Investment, Press and Information | 2 July 1967 | 30 June 1970 | Rey | CVP | EPP
Social Affairs, Transport, Personnel, Administration, Credit, Investment, Budget and Financial Control | 1 July 1970 | 21 March 1972 | Malfatti
Social Affairs, Transport, Personnel, Administration, Credit, Investment, Budget and Financial Control | 22 March 1972 | 5 January 1973 | Mansholt
Henri Simonet | Taxation, Financial Institutions and Energy (Vice President)  | 6 January 1973 | 5 January 1977 | Ortoli | PS | PES
Étienne Davignon | Internal Market, Industrial Affairs and Customs Union | 6 January 1977 | 6 January 1981 | Jenkins | CDH | EPP
Industrial Affairs, Energy, Research and Science (Vice President)  | 6 January 1981 | 5 January 1985 | Thorn
Willy De Clercq | External Relations and Trade | 5 January 1985 | 5 January 1989 | Delors I | PVV | ALDE
Karel Van Miert | Transport, Credit, Investment, and Consumer Protection | 6 January 1989 | 4 January 1993 | Delors II | SP.A | PES
Competition, Personnel and Administration (Vice President)  | 5 January 1993 | 23 January 1995 | Delors III
Competition | 23 January 1995 | 15 September 1999 | Santer
Philippe Busquin | Research | 16 September 1999 | 18 July 2004 | Prodi | PS | PES
Louis Michel | Research | 18 July 2004 | 21 November 2004 | Prodi | MR | ALDE
Development and Humanitarian Aid | 22 November 2004 | 17 July 2009 | Barroso I
Karel De Gucht | Development and Humanitarian Aid | 17 July 2009 | 9 February 2010 | Barroso I | VLD | ALDE
Trade | 9 February 2010 | 31 October 2014 | Barroso II
Marianne Thyssen | Employment, Social Affairs, Skills and Labour Mobility | 1 November 2014 | 30 November 2019 | Juncker | CD&V | EPP
Didier Reynders | Justice[3] | 1 December 2019 | present | Von der Leyen | MR | ALDE
Competition (acting)[4] | 5 September 2023 | 8 December 2023
Bulgaria | Meglena Kuneva | Consumer Protection | 1 January 2007 | 9 February 2010 | Barroso I | NDSV | ALDE[5]
Kristalina Georgieva | International Cooperation, Humanitarian Aid and Crisis Response | 9 February 2010 | 31 October 2014 | Barroso II | GERB | EPP
Budget and Human Resources (Vice President)  | 1 November 2014 | 31 December 2016 | Juncker
Mariya Gabriel | Digital Economy and Society | 7 July 2017 | 30 November 2019 | Juncker | GERB | EPP
Innovation, Research, Culture, Education and Youth[6] | 1 December 2019 | 15 May 2023 | Von der Leyen
Iliana Ivanova | Innovation, Research, Culture, Education and Youth | 19 September 2023 | present | Von der Leyen | GERB | EPP
Croatia | Neven Mimica | Consumer Protection[7] | 1 July 2013 | 31 October 2014 | Barroso II | SDP | PES
International Cooperation and Development | 1 November 2014 | 30 November 2019 | Juncker
Dubravka Šuica | Democracy and Demography (Vice President) | 1 December 2019 | present | Von der Leyen | HDZ | EPP
Cyprus | Markos Kyprianou | Budget | 1 May 2004 | 21 November 2004 | Prodi | DIKO | PES
Health and Consumer Protection | 22 November 2004 | 1 January 2007 | Barroso I
Health | 1 January 2007 | 3 March 2008
Androulla Vassiliou | Health | 3 March 2008 | 9 February 2010 | Barroso I | EDI | ALDE
Education, Culture, Multilingualism and Youth | 9 February 2010 | 31 October 2014 | Barroso II
Christos Stylianides | Humanitarian Aid and Crisis Management | 1 November 2014 | 30 November 2019 | Juncker | DISY | EPP
Stella Kyriakidou | Health and Food Safety | 1 December 2019 | present | Von der Leyen | DISY | EPP
Czech Republic | Pavel Telička | Health and Consumer Protection | 1 May 2004 | 21 November 2004 | Prodi | US-DEU | ALDE
Vladimír Špidla | Employment, Social Affairs and Equal Opportunities | 22 November 2004 | 9 February 2010 | Barroso I | ČSSD | PES
Štefan Füle | Enlargement and European Neighbourhood Policy | 9 February 2010 | 31 October 2014 | Barroso II | ČSSD | PES
Věra Jourová | Justice, Consumers and Gender Equality | 1 November 2014 | 30 November 2019 | Juncker | ANO | ALDE
Values and Transparency (Vice President) | 1 December 2019 | present | Von der Leyen
A Europe Fit for the Digital Age (acting)[4] | 5 September 2023 | 8 December 2023
Justice (acting)[3] | 15 April 2024 | present
Denmark | Finn Olav Gundelach | Internal Market and Customs Union | 6 January 1973 | 5 January 1977 | Ortoli | SD | PES
Agriculture and Fisheries (Vice President)  | 5 January 1977 | 6 January 1981 | Jenkins
Agriculture | 6 January 1981 | 13 January 1981 | Thorn
Poul Dalsager | Agriculture | 20 January 1981 | 5 January 1985 | Thorn | SD | PES
Henning Christophersen | Budget, Financial Control, Personnel and Administration (Vice President)  | 5 January 1985 | 5 January 1989 | Delors I | V | ALDE
Economic and Financial Affairs (Vice President)  | 6 January 1989 | 4 January 1993 | Delors II
Economic, Financial and Monetary Affairs, Credit and Investment (Vice President)  | 5 January 1993 | 23 January 1995 | Delors III
Ritt Bjerregaard | Environment and Nuclear Safety | 23 January 1995 | 15 September 1999 | Santer | SD | PES
Poul Nielson | Development and Humanitarian Aid | 16 September 1999 | 21 November 2004 | Prodi | SD | PES
Mariann Fischer Boel | Agriculture and Rural Development | 22 November 2004 | 9 February 2010 | Barroso I | V | ALDE
Connie Hedegaard | Climate Action | 9 February 2010 | 31 October 2014 | Barroso II | KF | EPP
Margrethe Vestager | Competition | 1 November 2014 | 30 November 2019 | Juncker | RV | ALDE
A Europe Fit for the Digital Age (Executive Vice President)[4] | 1 December 2019 | present | Von der Leyen
Competition[4] | 1 December 2019 | present
Innovation and Research (acting)[6] | 10 May 2023 | 5 September 2023
Estonia | Siim Kallas | Economic and Monetary Affairs | 1 May 2004 | 21 November 2004 | Prodi | RP | ALDE
Administrative Affairs, Audit and Anti-Fraud (Vice President)  | 22 November 2004 | 9 February 2010 | Barroso I
Transport (Vice President)  | 9 February 2010 | 31 October 2014 | Barroso II
Economic and Monetary Affairs and the Euro (acting)[8] | 7 April 2014 | 25 May 2014
Economic and Monetary Affairs and the Euro (acting)[8] | 1 July 2014 | 16 July 2014
Andrus Ansip | Digital Single Market (Vice President)  | 1 November 2014 | 1 July 2019 | Juncker | RP | ALDE
Digital Economy and Society (acting)[9] | 1 January 2017 | 7 July 2017
Kadri Simson | Energy | 1 December 2019 | present | Von der Leyen | EK | ALDE
Finland | Erkki Liikanen | Budget, Personnel and Administration | 25 January 1995 | 15 September 1999 | Santer | SDP | PES
Enterprise and Information Society | 16 September 1999 | 11 July 2004 | Prodi
Olli Rehn | Enterprise and Information Society | 12 July 2004 | 21 November 2004 | Prodi | SK | ALDE
Enlargement | 22 November 2004 | 9 February 2010 | Barroso I
Economic and Monetary Affairs | 9 February 2010 | 27 October 2011 | Barroso II
Economic and Monetary Affairs and the Euro (Vice President)[8] | 27 October 2011 | 1 July 2014 | Barroso II
Jyrki Katainen | Economic and Monetary Affairs and the Euro (Vice President)  | 16 July 2014 | 31 October 2014 | Barroso II | KOK | EPP
Jobs, Growth, Investment and Competitiveness (Vice President)  | 1 November 2014 | 30 November 2019 | Juncker
Jutta Urpilainen | International Partnerships[10] | 1 December 2019 | present | Von der Leyen | SDP | PES
France | Robert Lemaignen | Overseas Development | 7 January 1958 | 9 January 1962 | Hallstein I | Unknown | EPP
Robert Marjolin | Economic and Financial Affairs (Vice President)  | 7 January 1958 | 9 January 1962 | Hallstein I | SFIO | PES
Economic and Financial Affairs (Vice President)  | 9 January 1962 | 30 June 1967 | Hallstein II
Henri Rochereau | Overseas Development | 9 January 1962 | 30 June 1967 | Hallstein II | Unknown | EPP
Overseas Development | 2 July 1967 | 30 June 1970 | Rey
Raymond Barre | Economic and Financial Affairs (Vice President)  | 2 July 1967 | 30 June 1970 | Rey | UDF | ALDE
Economic and Financial Affairs (Vice President)  | 1 July 1970 | 21 March 1972 | Malfatti
Economic and Financial Affairs (Vice President)  | 22 March 1972 | 5 January 1973 | Mansholt
Jean-François Deniau | Enlargement and Development Aid | 1 July 1970 | 21 March 1972 | Malfatti | UDF | ALDE
Enlargement and Development Aid | 22 March 1972 | 5 January 1973 | Mansholt
Development, Budget and Financial Control | 6 January 1973 | 5 January 1977 | Ortoli
François-Xavier Ortoli | President | 6 January 1973 | 5 January 1977 | Ortoli | UDR /
RPR[11] | EPP
Economics, Finance, Credit and Investment (Vice President)  | 6 January 1977 | 6 January 1981 | Jenkins
Economics, Finance, Credit and Investment (Vice President)  | 6 January 1981 | 5 January 1985 | Thorn
Claude Cheysson | Development, Budget and Financial Control | 6 January 1973 | 5 January 1977 | Ortoli | PS | PES
Development | 6 January 1977 | 6 January 1981 | Jenkins
Development | 6 January 1981 | 23 April 1981 | Thorn
Mediterranean Policy and North-South Relations | 5 January 1985 | 5 January 1989 | Delors I
Edgard Pisani | Development | 26 May 1981 | 3 December 1984 | Thorn | PS | PES
Jacques Delors | President | 5 January 1985 | 5 January 1989 | Delors I | PS | PES
President | 6 January 1989 | 4 January 1993 | Delors II
President | 5 January 1993 | 23 January 1995 | Delors III
Christiane Scrivener | Taxation and Customs Union | 6 January 1989 | 4 January 1993 | Delors II | PR | ALDE
Taxation, Customs Union and Consumer Protection | 5 January 1993 | 23 January 1995 | Delors III
Yves-Thibault de Silguy | Economic and Financial Affairs, Credit and Investment | 23 January 1995 | 15 September 1999 | Santer | RPR | EPP
Édith Cresson | Research, Science, Technological Development, Education, Culture, Multilingualism and Youth | 23 January 1995 | 15 September 1999 | Santer | PS | PES
Pascal Lamy | Trade | 16 September 1999 | 21 November 2004 | Prodi | PS | PES
Michel Barnier | Regional Policy | 16 September 1999 | 31 March 2004 | Prodi | UMP | EPP
Jacques Barrot | Regional Policy | 31 March 2004 | 21 November 2004 | Prodi | UMP | EPP
Transport (Vice President)  | 22 November 2004 | 9 May 2008 | Barroso I
Justice, Freedom and Security (Vice President)  | 9 May 2008 | 9 February 2010
Michel Barnier | Internal Market and Services (Vice President)[12] | 9 February 2010 | 31 October 2014 | Barroso II | UMP | EPP
Industry and Entrepreneurship (acting)[13] | 19 April 2014 | 25 May 2014
Industry and Entrepreneurship (acting)[13] | 1 July 2014 | 16 July 2014
Pierre Moscovici | Economic and Financial Affairs, Taxation and Customs | 1 November 2014 | 30 November 2019 | Juncker | PS | PES
Thierry Breton | Internal Market | 1 December 2019 | present | Von der Leyen | LREM | ALDE
Germany | Walter Hallstein | President | 7 January 1958 | 9 January 1962 | Hallstein I | CDU | EPP
President | 9 January 1962 | 30 June 1967 | Hallstein II
Hans von der Groeben | Competition | 7 January 1958 | 9 January 1962 | Hallstein I | CDU | EPP
Competition | 9 January 1962 | 30 June 1967 | Hallstein II
Internal Market and Regional Policy | 2 July 1967 | 30 June 1970 | Rey
Fritz Hellwig | Research, Technology and Information Distribution (Vice President)  | 2 July 1967 | 30 June 1970 | Rey | CDU | EPP
Wilhelm Haferkamp | Energy (Vice President)  | 2 July 1967 | 30 June 1970 | Rey | SPD | PES
Internal Market and Energy (Vice President)  | 1 July 1970 | 21 March 1972 | Malfatti
Internal Market and Energy (Vice President)  | 22 March 1972 | 5 January 1973 | Mansholt
Economics, Finance, Credit and Investment (Vice President)  | 6 January 1973 | 5 January 1977 | Ortoli
External Relations (Vice President)  | 6 January 1977 | 6 January 1981 | Jenkins
External Relations and Nuclear Affairs (Vice President)  | 6 January 1981 | 5 January 1985 | Thorn
Ralf Dahrendorf | External Relations and Trade | 1 July 1970 | 21 March 1972 | Malfatti | FDP | ALDE
External Relations and Trade | 22 March 1972 | 5 January 1973 | Mansholt
Research, Science and Education | 6 January 1973 | 5 January 1977 | Ortoli
Guido Brunner | Energy, Research, Science and Education | 6 January 1977 | 6 January 1981 | Jenkins | FDP | ALDE
Karl-Heinz Narjes | Internal Market, Industrial Innovation, Customs Union, Environment, Consumer Protection, and Nuclear Safety | 6 January 1981 | 5 January 1985 | Thorn | CDU | EPP
Industrial Affairs, Information Technology, Research and Science (Vice President)  | 5 January 1985 | 5 January 1989 | Delors I
Alois Pfeiffer | Economic Affairs, Employment, Credit and Investment | 5 January 1985 | 5 January 1986 | Delors I | SPD | PES
Economic Affairs and Regional Policy | 5 January 1986 | 1 August 1987
Peter Schmidhuber | Economic Affairs and Regional Policy | 2 September 1987 | 5 January 1989 | Delors I | CSU | EPP
Budget and Financial Control | 6 January 1989 | 4 January 1993 | Delors II
Budget and Financial Control | 5 January 1993 | 23 January 1995 | Delors III
Martin Bangemann | Internal Market, Industrial Affairs and Parliamentary Relations (Vice President)  | 6 January 1989 | 4 January 1993 | Delors II | FDP | ALDE
Industrial Affairs, Information Technology and Telecommunications (Vice President)  | 5 January 1993 | 23 January 1995 | Delors III
Industrial Affairs, Information and Telecommunications Technologies | 23 January 1995 | 15 September 1999 | Santer
Monika Wulf-Mathies | Regional Policy | 23 January 1995 | 15 September 1999 | Santer | SPD | PES
Michaele Schreyer | Budget | 16 September 1999 | 21 November 2004 | Prodi | Greens | EGP
Günter Verheugen | Enlargement | 16 September 1999 | 21 November 2004 | Prodi | SPD | PES
Enterprise and Industry (Vice President)  | 22 November 2004 | 9 February 2010 | Barroso I
Günther Oettinger | Energy (Vice President)[14] | 9 February 2010 | 31 October 2014 | Barroso II | CDU | EPP
Digital Economy and Society | 1 November 2014 | 1 January 2017 | Juncker
Budget and Human Resources | 1 January 2017 | 30 November 2019
Ursula von der Leyen | President | 1 December 2019 | present | Von der Leyen | CDU | EPP
Greece | Giorgos Kontogeorgis | Transport, Fisheries and Tourism | 6 January 1981 | 5 January 1985 | Thorn | ND | EPP
Grigoris Varfis | Regional Policy and Parliamentary Relations | 5 January 1985 | 5 January 1986 | Delors I | PASOK | PES
Consumer Protection | 5 January 1986 | 5 January 1989
Vasso Papandreou | Employment, Industrial Relations, Social Affairs, Education, Training and Youth | 6 January 1989 | 4 January 1993 | Delors II | PASOK | PES
Ioannis Paleokrassas | Environment, Nuclear Safety and Fisheries | 5 January 1993 | 23 January 1995 | Delors III | ND | EPP
Christos Papoutsis | Energy, SMEs and Tourism | 23 January 1995 | 15 September 1999 | Santer | PASOK | PES
Anna Diamantopoulou | Employment and Social Affairs | 16 September 1999 | 18 February 2004 | Prodi | PASOK | PES
Stavros Dimas | Employment and Social Affairs | 10 March 2004 | 21 November 2004 | Prodi | ND | EPP
Environment | 22 November 2004 | 9 February 2010 | Barroso I
Maria Damanaki | Maritime Affairs and Fisheries | 9 February 2010 | 31 October 2014 | Barroso II | PASOK | PES
Dimitris Avramopoulos | Migration, Home Affairs and Citizenship | 1 November 2014 | 30 November 2019 | Juncker | ND | EPP
Margaritis Schinas | Promoting Our European Way of Life (Vice President) | 1 December 2019 | present | Von der Leyen | ND | EPP
Culture, Education and Youth (acting)[6] | 10 May 2023 | 19 September 2023
Innovation and Research (acting)[6] | 5 September 2023 | 19 September 2023
International Partnerships (acting)[10] | 2 December 2023 | 28 January 2024
Hungary | Péter Balázs | Regional Policy | 1 May 2004 | 21 November 2004 | Prodi | MSZP | PES
László Kovács | Taxation and Customs Union | 22 November 2004 | 9 February 2010 | Barroso I | MSZP | PES
László Andor | Employment, Social Affairs and Inclusion | 9 February 2010 | 31 October 2014 | Barroso II | MSZP | PES
Consumer Protection (acting)[7] | 19 April 2014 | 25 May 2014
Tibor Navracsics | Education, Culture, Youth and Sport | 1 November 2014 | 30 November 2019 | Juncker | Fidesz | EPP
Olivér Várhelyi | Neighbourhood and Enlargement | 1 December 2019 | present | Von der Leyen | Fidesz | EPP
Ireland | Patrick Hillery | Social Affairs (Vice President)  | 6 January 1973 | 2 December 1976 | Ortoli | FF | ALDE
Richard Burke | Taxation, Consumer Affairs, Transport and Parliamentary Relations | 6 January 1977 | 6 January 1981 | Jenkins | FG | EPP
Michael O'Kennedy | Personnel and Administration | 6 January 1981 | 3 March 1982 | Thorn | FF | ALDE
Richard Burke | Personnel and Administration | 1 April 1982 | 5 January 1985 | Thorn | FG | EPP
Peter Sutherland | Competition, Social Affairs, Education and Training | 5 January 1985 | 5 January 1986 | Delors I | FG | EPP
Competition and Parliamentary Relations | 5 January 1986 | 5 January 1989
Ray MacSharry | Agriculture and Rural Development | 6 January 1989 | 4 January 1993 | Delors II | FF | ALDE
Pádraig Flynn | Social Affairs, Employment, Immigration, Home Affairs and Justice | 5 January 1993 | 23 January 1995 | Delors III | FF | ALDE
Social Affairs and Employment | 23 January 1995 | 15 September 1999 | Santer
David Byrne | Health and Consumer Protection | 16 September 1999 | 21 November 2004 | Prodi | FF | ALDE
Charlie McCreevy | Internal Market and Services | 22 November 2004 | 9 February 2010 | Barroso I | FF | ALDE
Máire Geoghegan-Quinn | Research, Innovation and Science | 9 February 2010 | 31 October 2014 | Barroso II | FF | ALDE
Phil Hogan | Agriculture and Rural Development | 1 November 2014 | 30 November 2019 | Juncker | FG | EPP
Trade | 1 December 2019 | 26 August 2020 | Von der Leyen
Mairead McGuinness | Financial Stability, Financial Services and the Capital Markets Union | 12 October 2020 | present | Von der Leyen | FG | EPP
Italy | Piero Malvestiti | Internal Market (Vice President)  | 7 January 1958 | 15 September 1959 | Hallstein I | DC | EPP
Giuseppe Petrilli | Social Affairs | 7 January 1958 | 8 February 1961 | Hallstein I | DC | EPP
Giuseppe Caron | Internal Market | 24 November 1959 | 9 January 1962 | Hallstein I | DC | EPP
Internal Market (Vice President)  | 9 January 1962 | 15 May 1963 | Hallstein II
Lionello Levi Sandri | Social Affairs | 8 February 1961 | 9 January 1962 | Hallstein I | PSI | PES
Social Affairs (Vice President)[15] | 9 January 1962 | 30 June 1967 | Hallstein II
Social Affairs, Personnel and Administration (Vice President)  | 2 July 1967 | 30 June 1970 | Rey
Guido Colonna di Paliano | Internal Market | 30 July 1964 | 30 June 1967 | Hallstein II | DC | EPP
Industrial Affairs | 2 July 1967 | 8 May 1970 | Rey
Edoardo Martino | External Relations | 2 July 1967 | 30 June 1970 | Rey | DC | EPP
Franco Maria Malfatti | President | 1 July 1970 | 21 March 1972 | Malfatti | DC | EPP
Altiero Spinelli | Industry, Technology, Training, Education and Customs Union | 1 July 1970 | 21 March 1972 | Malfatti | SI | PES
Industry, Technology, Training, Education and Customs Union | 22 March 1972 | 5 January 1973 | Mansholt
Industry and Technology | 6 January 1973 | 13 July 1976 | Ortoli
Carlo Scarascia-Mugnozza | Agriculture (Vice President)  | 22 March 1972 | 5 January 1973 | Mansholt | DC | EPP
Parliamentary Affairs, Environment, Consumer Interests, Transport and Information (Vice President)  | 6 January 1973 | 5 January 1977 | Ortoli
Cesidio Guazzaroni | Industry and Technology | 13 July 1976 | 5 January 1977 | Ortoli | PRI | ALDE
Antonio Giolitti | Regional Policy | 6 January 1977 | 6 January 1981 | Jenkins | PSI | PES
Regional Policy | 6 January 1981 | 5 January 1985 | Thorn
Lorenzo Natali | Enlargement, Environment and Nuclear Safety | 6 January 1977 | 6 January 1981 | Jenkins | DC | EPP
Mediterranean Policy, Enlargement and Information (Vice President)  | 6 January 1981 | 5 January 1985 | Thorn
Cooperation, Development and Enlargement (Vice President)  | 5 January 1985 | 5 January 1989 | Delors I
Carlo Ripa di Meana | Institutional Reform, Information, Culture and Tourism | 5 January 1985 | 5 January 1989 | Delors I | PSI | PES
Environment and Nuclear Safety | 6 January 1989 | 4 January 1993 | Delors II
Filippo Maria Pandolfi | Science, Research, Development, Telecommunications, Information Technology and Innovation (Vice President)  | 6 January 1989 | 4 January 1993 | Delors II | DC | EPP
Antonio Ruberti | Science, Research, Technological Development, Education, Training and Youth (Vice President)  | 5 January 1993 | 23 January 1995 | Delors III | PSI | PES
Raniero Vanni d'Archirafi | Institutional Reform, Internal Market, Financial Services, Enterprise and SMEs | 5 January 1993 | 23 January 1995 | Delors III | DC | EPP
Emma Bonino | Fisheries and Consumers Policy | 23 January 1995 | 15 September 1999 | Santer | LB | ALDE
Mario Monti | Internal Market, Financial Services, Customs and Taxation | 23 January 1995 | 15 September 1999 | Santer | Ind. | ALDE
Competition | 16 September 1999 | 21 November 2004 | Prodi
Romano Prodi | President | 16 September 1999 | 21 November 2004 | Prodi | ID /
DL[16] | ALDE[17]
Franco Frattini | Justice, Freedom and Security (Vice President)  | 22 November 2004 | 23 April 2008 | Barroso I | FI | EPP
Antonio Tajani | Transport (Vice President)  | 18 June 2008 | 9 February 2010 | Barroso I | PdL | EPP
Industry and Entrepreneurship (Vice President)[13] | 9 February 2010 | 1 July 2014 | Barroso II
Ferdinando Nelli Feroci | Industry and Entrepreneurship | 16 July 2014 | 31 October 2014 | Barroso II | Ind. | EPP
Federica Mogherini | Foreign Affairs and Security Policy (Vice President)  | 1 November 2014 | 30 November 2019 | Juncker | PD | PES
Paolo Gentiloni | Economy | 1 December 2019 | present | Von der Leyen | PD | PES
Latvia | Sandra Kalniete | Agriculture, Rural Development and Fisheries | 1 May 2004 | 21 November 2004 | Prodi | LTF | EPP
Andris Piebalgs | Energy | 22 November 2004 | 9 February 2010 | Barroso I | LC /
LPP[18] | ALDE[19]
Development | 9 February 2010 | 31 October 2014 | Barroso II
Financial Programming and the Budget (acting)[20] | 19 April 2014 | 25 May 2014
Financial Programming and the Budget (acting)[20] | 1 July 2014 | 16 July 2014
Valdis Dombrovskis | Euro and Social Dialogue (Vice President)  | 1 November 2014 | 16 July 2016 | Juncker | Unity | EPP
Euro, Social Dialogue, Financial Stability, Financial Services and Capital Markets Union (Vice President)  | 16 July 2016 | 1 December 2019
An Economy That Works for People (Executive Vice President) | 1 December 2019 | present | Von der Leyen
Financial Stability, Financial Services and Capital Markets Union | 1 December 2019 | 12 October 2020
Trade[21] | 26 August 2020 | present
Lithuania | Dalia Grybauskaitė | Education and Culture | 1 May 2004 | 21 November 2004 | Prodi | Ind. | EPP
Financial Programming and the Budget | 22 November 2004 | 1 July 2009 | Barroso I
Algirdas Šemeta | Financial Programming and the Budget | 1 July 2009 | 9 February 2010 | Barroso I | TS | EPP
Taxation and Customs Union, Audit and Anti-Fraud | 9 February 2010 | 31 October 2014 | Barroso II
Vytenis Andriukaitis | Health and Food Safety | 1 November 2014 | 30 November 2019 | Juncker | SDP | PES
Virginijus Sinkevičius | Environment, Oceans and Fisheries | 1 December 2019 | present | Von der Leyen | LVŽS | EGP
Luxembourg | Michel Rasquin | Transport | 7 January 1958 | 27 April 1958 | Hallstein I | LSAP | PES
Lambert Schaus | Transport | 18 June 1958 | 9 January 1962 | Hallstein I | CSV | EPP
Transport | 9 January 1962 | 30 June 1967 | Hallstein II
Victor Bodson | Transport | 2 July 1967 | 30 June 1970 | Rey | LSAP | PES
Albert Borschette | Competition, Press, Information and Regional Policy | 1 July 1970 | 21 March 1972 | Malfatti | Unknown |
Competition, Press, Information and Regional Policy | 22 March 1972 | 5 January 1973 | Mansholt
Competition, Personnel and Administration | 6 January 1973 | 5 January 1977 | Ortoli
Raymond Vouel | Competition | 6 January 1977 | 6 January 1981 | Jenkins | LSAP | PES
Gaston Thorn | President | 6 January 1981 | 5 January 1985 | Thorn | DP | ALDE
Nicolas Mosar | Energy | 5 January 1985 | 5 January 1989 | Delors I | CSV | EPP
Jean Dondelinger | Cultural Affairs and Information | 6 January 1989 | 4 January 1993 | Delors II | Unknown |
René Steichen | Agriculture and Rural Development | 5 January 1993 | 23 January 1995 | Delors III | CSV | EPP
Jacques Santer | President | 23 January 1995 | 15 March 1999 | Santer | CSV | EPP
Viviane Reding | Education and Culture | 16 September 1999 | 21 November 2004 | Prodi | CSV | EPP
Information Society and Media | 22 November 2004 | 9 February 2010 | Barroso I
Justice, Fundamental Rights and Citizenship (Vice President)[1] | 9 February 2010 | 1 July 2014 | Barroso II
Martine Reicherts | Justice, Fundamental Rights and Citizenship | 16 July 2014 | 31 October 2014 | Barroso II | CSV | EPP
Jean-Claude Juncker | President | 1 November 2014 | 30 November 2019 | Juncker | CSV | EPP
Nicolas Schmit | Jobs and Social Rights | 1 December 2019 | present | Von der Leyen | LSAP | PES
Malta | Joe Borg | Development and Humanitarian Aid | 1 May 2004 | 21 November 2004 | Prodi | PN | EPP
Fisheries and Maritime Affairs | 22 November 2004 | 9 February 2010 | Barroso I
John Dalli | Health and Consumer Policy | 9 February 2010 | 16 October 2012 | Barroso II | PN | EPP
Tonio Borg | Health and Consumer Policy | 28 November 2012 | 1 July 2013 | Barroso II | PN | EPP
Health | 1 July 2013 | 31 October 2014
Karmenu Vella | Environment, Maritime Affairs and Fisheries | 1 November 2014 | 30 November 2019 | Juncker | PL | PES
Helena Dalli | Equality | 1 December 2019 | present | Von der Leyen | PL | PES
Netherlands | Sicco Mansholt | Agriculture (Vice President)  | 7 January 1958 | 9 January 1962 | Hallstein I | PvdA | PES
Agriculture (Vice President)  | 9 January 1962 | 30 June 1967 | Hallstein II
Agriculture (Vice President)  | 2 July 1967 | 30 June 1970 | Rey
Agriculture (Vice President)  | 1 July 1970 | 21 March 1972 | Malfatti
President | 22 March 1972 | 5 January 1973 | Mansholt
Maan Sassen | Competition | 2 July 1967 | 30 June 1970 | Rey | KVP | EPP
Pierre Lardinois | Agriculture | 6 January 1973 | 5 January 1977 | Ortoli | KVP | EPP
Henk Vredeling | Employment and Social Affairs (Vice President)  | 6 January 1977 | 6 January 1981 | Jenkins | PvdA | PES
Frans Andriessen | Parliamentary Relations and Competition | 6 January 1981 | 5 January 1985 | Thorn | KVP | EPP
Agriculture and Fisheries (Vice President)  | 5 January 1985 | 5 January 1986 | Delors I
Agriculture (Vice President)  | 5 January 1986 | 5 January 1989
External Relations and Trade (Vice President)  | 6 January 1989 | 4 January 1993 | Delors II
Hans van den Broek | External Relations and Enlargement | 5 January 1993 | 23 January 1995 | Delors III | CDA | EPP
Central and Eastern European Relations and Enlargement | 23 January 1995 | 15 September 1999 | Santer
Frits Bolkestein | Internal Market | 16 September 1999 | 21 November 2004 | Prodi | VVD | ALDE
Neelie Kroes | Competition | 22 November 2004 | 9 February 2010 | Barroso I | VVD | ALDE
Digital Agenda (Vice President)  | 9 February 2010 | 31 October 2014 | Barroso II
Frans Timmermans | Better Regulation, Interinstitutional Relations, Rule of Law and Charter of Fundamental Rights (First Vice President)  | 1 November 2014 | 30 November 2019 | Juncker | PvdA | PES
European Green Deal and Climate Action (Executive Vice President)  | 1 December 2019 | 22 August 2023 | Von der Leyen
Wopke Hoekstra | Climate Action | 9 October 2023 | present | Von der Leyen | CDA | EPP
Poland | Danuta Hübner | Trade | 1 May 2004 | 21 November 2004 | Prodi | PO | EPP
Regional Policy | 22 November 2004 | 4 July 2009 | Barroso I
Paweł Samecki | Regional Policy | 4 July 2009 | 9 February 2010 | Barroso I | PO | EPP
Janusz Lewandowski | Financial Programming and Budget[20] | 9 February 2010 | 1 July 2014 | Barroso II | PO | EPP
Jacek Dominik | Financial Programming and Budget | 16 July 2014 | 31 October 2014 | Barroso II | PO | EPP
Elżbieta Bieńkowska | Internal Market, Industry, Entrepreneurship and SMEs | 1 November 2014 | 30 November 2019 | Juncker | PO | EPP
Janusz Wojciechowski | Agriculture | 1 December 2019 | present | Von der Leyen | PiS | ECR
Portugal | António Cardoso e Cunha | Fisheries | 5 January 1986 | 5 January 1989 | Delors I | PSD | EPP
Personnel, Administration, Energy, Small Business and Tourism | 6 January 1989 | 4 January 1993 | Delors II
João de Deus Pinheiro | Parliamentary Relations, Communications, Information and Cultural Affairs | 5 January 1993 | 23 January 1995 | Delors III | PSD | EPP
African, Caribbean and Asian Relations and Development | 23 January 1995 | 15 September 1999 | Santer
António Vitorino | Justice and Home Affairs | 16 September 1999 | 21 November 2004 | Prodi | PS | PES
José Manuel Barroso | President | 22 November 2004 | 9 February 2010 | Barroso I | PSD | EPP
President | 9 February 2010 | 31 October 2014 | Barroso II
Interinstitutional Relations and Administration (acting)[22] | 19 April 2014 | 25 May 2014
Carlos Moedas | Research, Science and Innovation | 1 November 2014 | 30 November 2019 | Juncker | PSD | EPP
Elisa Ferreira | Cohesion and Reforms | 1 December 2019 | present | Von der Leyen | PS | PES
Romania | Leonard Orban | Multilingualism | 1 January 2007 | 9 February 2010 | Barroso I | PNL | ALDE[23]
Dacian Cioloș | Agriculture and Rural Development | 9 February 2010 | 31 October 2014 | Barroso II | Ind. | EPP[24]
Corina Crețu | Regional Policy[2] | 1 November 2014 | 1 July 2019 | Juncker | PSD /
PRO[25] | PES /
EDP[25]
Adina-Ioana Vălean | Transport | 1 December 2019 | present | Von der Leyen | PNL | EPP
Slovakia | Ján Figeľ | Enterprise and Information Society | 1 May 2004 | 21 November 2004 | Prodi | KDH | EPP
Education, Training, Culture and Multilingualism | 22 November 2004 | 1 January 2007 | Barroso I
Education, Training and Culture | 1 January 2007 | 1 October 2009
Maroš Šefčovič | Education, Training and Culture | 1 October 2009 | 9 February 2010 | Barroso I | Smer-SD | PES
Interinstitutional Relations and Administration (Vice President)[22] | 9 February 2010 | 31 October 2014 | Barroso II
Health and Consumer Policy (acting)[26] | 16 October 2012 | 28 November 2012
Energy Union (Vice President)[27] | 1 November 2014 | 30 November 2019 | Juncker
Digital Single Market (acting)[28] | 3 July 2019 | 30 November 2019
Interinstitutional Relations and Foresight (Vice President) | 1 December 2019 | present | Von der Leyen
European Green Deal (Executive Vice President)[29] | 22 August 2023 | present
Climate Action (acting)[29] | 22 August 2023 | 9 October 2023
Slovenia | Janez Potočnik | Enlargement | 1 May 2004 | 21 November 2004 | Prodi | LDS | ALDE
Science and Research | 22 November 2004 | 9 February 2010 | Barroso I
Environment | 9 February 2010 | 31 October 2014 | Barroso II
Violeta Bulc | Transport | 1 November 2014 | 30 November 2019 | Juncker | SMC | ALDE
Janez Lenarčič | Crisis Management | 1 December 2019 | present | Von der Leyen | Ind. | ALDE[30]
Spain | Abel Matutes | Credit, Investments, Financial Instruments and SMEs | 5 January 1986 | 5 January 1989 | Delors I | PP | EPP
Mediterranean and Latin American Policy | 6 January 1989 | 4 January 1993 | Delors II
Energy and Transport | 5 January 1993 | 27 April 1994 | Delors III
Manuel Marín | Social Affairs, Employment, Education and Training (Vice President)  | 5 January 1986 | 5 January 1989 | Delors I | PSOE | PES
Cooperation, Development and Fisheries (Vice President)  | 6 January 1989 | 4 January 1993 | Delors II
Cooperation, Development and Humanitarian Aid (Vice President)  | 5 January 1993 | 23 January 1995 | Delors III
Mediterranean, Latin American and Middle Eastern Relations (Vice President)  | 23 January 1995 | 15 September 1999 | Santer
President (acting)[31] | 16 March 1999 | 15 September 1999
Marcelino Oreja | Energy and Transport | 27 April 1994 | 23 January 1995 | Delors III | PP | EPP
Parliamentary Relations, Culture and Audiovisual Policy and Institutional Reform | 23 January 1995 | 15 September 1999 | Santer
Loyola de Palacio | Parliamentary Relations, Transport and Energy (Vice President)  | 16 September 1999 | 21 November 2004 | Prodi | PP | EPP
Pedro Solbes | Economic and Monetary Affairs | 16 September 1999 | 10 April 2004 | Prodi | PSOE | PES
Joaquín Almunia | Economic and Monetary Affairs | 24 April 2004 | 21 November 2004 | Prodi | PSOE | PES
Economic and Financial Affairs | 22 November 2004 | 9 February 2010 | Barroso I
Competition (Vice President)  | 9 February 2010 | 31 October 2014 | Barroso II
Miguel Arias Cañete | Climate Action and Energy | 1 November 2014 | 30 November 2019 | Juncker | PP | EPP
Energy Union (acting)[27] | 18 January 2019 | 30 March 2019
Josep Borrell | A Stronger Europe in the World and Foreign Affairs and Security Policy (Vice President) | 1 December 2019 | present | Von der Leyen | PSOE | PES
Sweden | Anita Gradin | Immigration, Justice, Home Affairs and Financial Control | 23 January 1995 | 15 September 1999 | Santer | SAP | PES
Margot Wallström | Environment | 16 September 1999 | 21 November 2004 | Prodi | SAP | PES
Institutional Relations and Communication Strategy (First Vice President)  | 22 November 2004 | 9 February 2010 | Barroso I
Cecilia Malmström | Home Affairs | 9 February 2010 | 31 October 2014 | Barroso II | FP | ALDE
Trade | 1 November 2014 | 30 November 2019 | Juncker
Ylva Johansson | Home Affairs | 1 December 2019 | present | Von der Leyen | SAP | PES
United Kingdom | Christopher Soames | External Relations (Vice President)  | 6 January 1973 | 5 January 1977 | Ortoli | Con. | EPP
George Thomson | Regional Policy | 6 January 1973 | 5 January 1977 | Ortoli | Lab. | PES
Roy Jenkins | President | 6 January 1977 | 6 January 1981 | Jenkins | Lab. | PES
Christopher Tugendhat | Budget, Financial Control and Financial Institutions | 6 January 1977 | 6 January 1981 | Jenkins | Con. | EPP
Budget, Financial Control, Financial Institutions, Personnel and Administration (Vice President)  | 6 January 1981 | 5 January 1985 | Thorn
Ivor Richard | Employment, Social Affairs, Education and Training | 6 January 1981 | 5 January 1985 | Thorn | Lab. | PES
Arthur Cockfield | Internal Market, Customs Union and Taxation (Vice President)  | 5 January 1985 | 5 January 1989 | Delors I | Con. | EPP
Stanley Clinton-Davis | Environment, Consumer Protection, Nuclear Safety and Transport | 5 January 1985 | 5 January 1986 | Delors I | Lab. | PES
Environment, Nuclear Safety and Transport | 5 January 1986 | 5 January 1989
Bruce Millan | Regional Policy | 6 January 1989 | 4 January 1993 | Delors II | Lab. | PES
Regional Policy | 5 January 1993 | 23 January 1995 | Delors III
Leon Brittan | Competition and Financial Institutions (Vice President)  | 6 January 1989 | 4 January 1993 | Delors II | Con. | EPP
Trade (Vice President)  | 5 January 1993 | 23 January 1995 | Delors III
External Relations and Trade (Vice President)  | 23 January 1995 | 15 September 1999 | Santer
Neil Kinnock | Transport | 23 January 1995 | 15 September 1999 | Santer | Lab. | PES
Administrative Reform (Vice President)  | 16 September 1999 | 21 November 2004 | Prodi
Chris Patten | External Relations | 16 September 1999 | 21 November 2004 | Prodi | Con. | EPP
Peter Mandelson | Trade | 22 November 2004 | 3 October 2008 | Barroso I | Lab. | PES
Catherine Ashton | Trade | 24 October 2008 | 1 December 2009 | Barroso I | Lab. | PES
Foreign Affairs and Security Policy | 1 December 2009 | 9 February 2010
Foreign Affairs and Security Policy (First Vice President)  | 9 February 2010 | 31 October 2014 | Barroso II
Jonathan Hill | Financial Stability, Financial Services and Capital Markets Union | 1 November 2014 | 16 July 2016 | Juncker | Con. | ECR[32]
Julian King | Security Union | 19 September 2016 | 30 November 2019 | Juncker | Con. | ECR

## Withdrawn nominees[edit]

A number of commissioners were formally nominated and assigned portfolios before being withdrawn after their hearing with the European Parliament, with the exception of Thorvald Stoltenberg, who withdrew after the rejection of Norway's accession referendum.

State  | Name  | Portfolio  | Commission  | Party  | Family

|
|
|
|
|

Norway | Thorvald Stoltenberg | Fisheries | Santer | AP | PES
Czech Republic | Miloš Kužvart | Health and Consumer Protection | Barroso I | ČSSD | PES
Italy | Rocco Buttiglione | Justice, Freedom and Security (Vice President)  | Barroso I | UDC | EPP
Latvia | Ingrīda Ūdre | Taxation and Customs Union | Barroso I | LZS | EGP
Bulgaria | Rumiana Jeleva | International Cooperation, Humanitarian Aid and Crisis Response | Barroso II | GERB | EPP
Slovenia | Alenka Bratušek | Energy Union (Vice President)  | Juncker | ZaAB | ALDE

### Juncker/Von der Leyen[edit]

The transition from the Juncker Commission to the Von der Leyen Commission resulted in a higher number of withdrawals and rejections than any previous transition. This included an agreement to not fill the seats of Juncker commissioners who took seats in the European Parliament, some states abiding by Von der Leyen's request to name female and male candidates in order to have a gender parity (with only one candidate able to be formally nominated), the rejection of several nominees by the European Parliament due to ethical concerns, and some those named to replace the rejected candidates being denied nomination by Von der Leyen. She continued her request for female and male candidates for vacancies throughout her commission.

State  | Name  | Portfolio  | Commission  | Party  | Family

|
|
|
|
|

Estonia | Kadri Simson[33] |  | Juncker | EK | ALDE
Romania | Ioan Mircea Pașcu[34] |  | Juncker | PSD | PES
France | Sylvie Goulard[35] | Internal Market | Von der Leyen | LREM | ALDE
Hungary | László Trócsányi[36] | Neighbourhood and Enlargement | Von der Leyen | Fidesz | EPP
Poland | Krzysztof Szczerski[37] |  | Von der Leyen | PiS | ECR
Portugal | Pedro Marques[38] |  | Von der Leyen | PS | PES
Romania | Rovana Plumb[39] | Transport | Von der Leyen | PSD | PES
Romania | Dan Nica[40] |  | Von der Leyen | PSD | PES
Romania | Melania-Gabriela Ciot[41] |  | Von der Leyen | PSD | PES
Romania | Victor Negrescu[42] |  | Von der Leyen | PSD | PES
Romania | Siegfried Mureșan[43] |  | Von der Leyen | PNL | EPP
Ireland | Andrew McDowell[44] |  | Von der Leyen | FG | EPP
Bulgaria | Daniel Lorer[45] |  | Von der Leyen | PP | ALDE

## European Atomic Energy Community (EAEC)[edit]

State  | Name  | Portfolio  | Start  | End  | Commission  | Party  | Family

|
|
|
|
|
|
|

France | Louis Armand | President | 7 January 1958 | 2 February 1959 | Armand | Unknown |
Étienne Hirsch | President | 2 February 1959 | 10 January 1962 | Hirsch | Unknown |
Pierre Chatenet | President | 10 January 1962 | 5 July 1967 | Chatenet | UDR | EPP

## European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC)[edit]

State  | Name  | Portfolio  | Start  | End  | Authority  | Party  | Family

|
|
|
|
|
|
|

Belgium | Albert Coppé | Long Term Policy (Vice President)  | 10 August 1952 | 3 June 1955 | Monnet | CVP | EPP
General Objectives, Long Term Policy, Markets, Agreements and Transport (Vice President)  | 3 June 1955 | 13 January 1958 | Mayer
General Objectives and Long Term Policy (Vice President)  | 13 January 1958 | 15 September 1959 | Finet
Member (Vice President)  | 15 September 1959 | 22 October 1963 | Malvestiti
Transport and Information (Vice President)  | 22 October 1963 | 5 July 1967 | Del Bo / Coppé
President (acting) | 1 March 1967 | 5 July 1967
Paul Finet | Social Problems and Administrative Questions | 10 August 1952 | 3 June 1955 | Monnet | BSP | PES
Social Problems | 3 June 1955 | 13 January 1958 | Mayer
President | 13 January 1958 | 15 September 1959 | Finet
Member  | 15 September 1959 | 22 October 1963 | Malvestiti
Social Problems | 10 January 1964 | 18 May 1965 | Del Bo
France | Jean Monnet | President | 10 August 1952 | 3 June 1955 | Monnet | Unknown |
Léon Daum | Finance, Investment, Production and Instructions | 10 August 1952 | 3 June 1955 | Monnet | Unknown |
Finance, Investment, Production and Instructions | 3 June 1955 | 13 January 1958 | Mayer
Investment and Production | 13 January 1958 | 15 September 1959 | Finet
René Mayer | President | 3 June 1955 | 13 January 1958 | Mayer | PR | EPP
Roger Reynaud | Member  | 13 January 1958 | 15 September 1959 | Finet | Unknown |
Member  | 15 September 1959 | September 1963 | Malvestiti
Economic Policy and Industrial Development | 10 January 1964 | 5 July 1967 | Del Bo / Coppé
Pierre-Olivier Lapie | Member  | 15 September 1959 | 22 October 1963 | Malvestiti | SFIO | PES
Energy | 22 October 1963 | 5 July 1967 | Del Bo / Coppé
Germany | Heinz Potthof | Member  | 10 August 1952 | 3 June 1955 | Monnet | SPD | PES
Franz Etzel | Markets, Agreements and Transport (First Vice President)  | 10 August 1952 | 3 June 1955 | Monnet | CDU | EPP
Member (First Vice President)  | 3 June 1955 | 28 October 1957 | Mayer
Franz Blücher | Member  | 13 January 1958 | 15 September 1959 | Finet | FDP | ALDE
Heinz Potthoff | Finance, Budget and Administration | 13 January 1958 | 15 September 1959 | Finet | SPD | PES
Finance and Investment | 15 September 1959 | 10 August 1962 | Malvestiti
Karl-Maria Hettlage | Finance and Investment | 14 December 1962 | 22 October 1963 | Malvestiti | CDU | EPP
Finance and Investment | 22 October 1963 | 5 July 1967 | Del Bo / Coppé
Fritz Hellwig | Coal and Steel Markets | 10 January 1964 | 5 July 1967 | Del Bo / Coppé | CDU | EPP
Italy | Enzo Giacchero | Press and Information | 10 August 1952 | 3 June 1955 | Monnet | DC | EPP
Press and Information | 3 June 1955 | 13 January 1958 | Mayer
Social Problems | 13 January 1958 | 15 September 1959 | Finet
Piero Malvestiti | President | 15 September 1959 | 22 October 1963 | Malvestiti | DC | EPP
Rinaldo Del Bo | President | 22 October 1963 | 1 March 1967 | Del Bo | DC | EPP
Luxembourg | Albert Wehrer | Member  | 10 August 1952 | 3 June 1955 | Monnet | Unknown |
Member  | 3 June 1955 | 13 January 1958 | Mayer
External Relations | 13 January 1958 | 15 September 1959 | Finet
Member  | 15 September 1959 | 22 October 1963 | Malvestiti
External Relations | 22 October 1963 | 5 July 1967 | Del Bo / Coppé
Jean Fohrmann | Social Problems | 30 June 1965 | 5 July 1967 | Del Bo / Coppé | LSAP | PES
Netherlands | Dirk Spierenburg | External Relations | 10 August 1952 | 3 June 1955 | Monnet | Unknown |
External Relations | 3 June 1955 | 13 January 1958 | Mayer
Steel, Transport and Concentrations (First Vice President)  | 13 January 1958 | 15 September 1959 | Finet
Member (First Vice President)  | 15 September 1959 | 25 September 1962 | Malvestiti
Competition (First Vice President)  | 22 October 1963 | 7 June 1965 | Del Bo
Johannes Linthorst Homan | Member (First Vice President)  | 15 December 1962 | 22 October 1963 | Malvestiti | VVD | ALDE
Competition | 22 October 1963 | 5 July 1967 | Del Bo / Coppé

## Notes and references[edit]

1. ^ a b c Viviane Reding was on leave from 19 April 2014 – 25 May 2014 to campaign in the 2014 European Parliament election, and then resigned on 1 July 2014 to serve as a Member of the European Parliament. Johannes Hahn served as Acting Commissioner during her leave and again until the end of the Barroso II Commission.
2. ^ a b Corina Crețu resigned on 1 July 2019 to serve as a Member of the European Parliament. Johannes Hahn served as Acting Commissioner until the end of the Juncker Commission.
3. ^ a b Didier Reynders is on leave from 15 April 2024 – present while being considered for Secretary General of the Council of Europe. Věra Jourová serves as Acting Commissioner.
4. ^ a b c d Margrethe Vestager was on leave from 5 September 2023 – 8 December 2023 while being considered for President of the European Investment Bank. Věra Jourová served as Acting Commissioner for A Europe Fit for the Digital Age and Didier Reynders served as Acting Commissioner for Competition.
5. ^ Kuneva, now affiliated to the conservative grouping, was affiliated to the liberals during the Barroso I Commission.
6. ^ a b c d Mariya Gabriel was on leave from 10 May 2023 – 15 May 2023 to participate in the government formation following the 2023 Bulgarian parliamentary election, and then resigned on 15 May 2023 to serve as Minister for Foreign Affairs. Initially, Margrethe Vestager served as Acting Commissioner for Innovation and Research and Margaritis Schinas served as Acting Commissioner for Culture, Education and Youth. When Vestager began her own leave on 5 September 2023, Schinas took over the whole portfolio until Iliana Ivanova took office.
7. ^ a b Neven Mimica was on leave from 19 April 2014 – 25 May 2014 to campaign in the 2014 European Parliament election. László Andor served as Acting Commissioner.
8. ^ a b c Olli Rehn was on leave from 7 April 2014 – 25 May 2014 to campaign in the 2014 European Parliament election, and then resigned on 1 July 2014 to serve as a Member of the European Parliament. Siim Kallas served as Acting Commissioner during his leave and again until the end of the Barroso II Commission.
9. ^ Kristalina Georgieva resigned on 1 January 2017 to serve as Chief Executive of the World Bank Group. Günther Oettinger assumed her portfolio for Budget and Human Resources, while Ansip served as Acting Commissioner for Digital Economy and Society (Oettinger's original portfolio) until Mariya Gabriel took office.
10. ^ a b Jutta Urpilainen was on leave from 2 December 2023 – 28 January 2024 to campaign in the 2024 Finnish presidential election. Margaritis Schinas served as Acting Commissioner.
11. ^ Ortoli was a party member of the UDR until 5 December 1976, after which he served as a member of the RPR.
12. ^ Barnier was elevated to Vice President in the Barroso II Commission from 1 July 2014.
13. ^ a b c Antonio Tajani was on leave from 19 April 2014 – 25 May 2014 to campaign in the 2014 European Parliament election, and then resigned on 1 July 2014 to serve as a Member of the European Parliament. Michel Barnier served as Acting Commissioner during his leave and again until the end of the Barroso II Commission.
14. ^ Oettinger was elevated to Vice President in the Barroso II Commission from 1 July 2014.
15. ^ Sandri was elevated to Vice President in the Hallstein II Commission from 30 July 1965.
16. ^ Prodi was a party member of ID until 23 March 2002, after which she served as a member of DL.
17. ^ Prodi, now affiliated to the socialist grouping, was affiliated to the liberals during the Prodi Commission.
18. ^ Piebalgs was a party member of the LC until 25 August 2007, after which she served as a member of the LPP.
19. ^ Piebalgs, now a member of the conservative grouping, was affiliated to the liberals during his term in the Barroso Commission.
20. ^ a b c Janusz Lewandowski was on leave from 19 April 2014 – 25 May 2014 to campaign in the 2014 European Parliament election, and then resigned on 1 July 2014 to serve as a Member of the European Parliament. Andris Piebalgs served as Acting Commissioner during his leave and again until the end of the Barroso II Commission.
21. ^ Phil Hogan resigned on 26 August 2020. Dombrovskis served as Acting Commissioner until he was confirmed by the European Parliament on 12 October 2020.
22. ^ a b Maroš Šefčovič was on leave from 19 April 2014 – 25 May 2014 to campaign in the 2014 European Parliament election. José Manuel Barroso served as Acting Commissioner.
23. ^ The PNL party, now affiliated with the conservatives, was affiliated to the liberals during the Barroso I Commission.
24. ^ Cioloș, now affiliated to the liberal grouping, was affiliated to the European conservatives while remaining nationally unaffiliated during the Barroso II Commission.
25. ^ a b Crețu was a party member of the PSD (affiliated to the PES) until 17 January 2019, after which she served as a member of PRO (which has since also affiliated to the PES, but was then affiliated to the EDP–whose members mostly sit with the liberals in the European Parliament–but PRO members continued to sit with the socialists for the remainder of the Juncker Commission).
26. ^ John Dalli resigned on 16 October 2012 and Šefčovič served as Acting Commissioner until Tonio Borg took office.
27. ^ a b Maroš Šefčovič was on leave from 18 January 2019 – 30 March 2019 to campaign in the 2019 Slovak presidential election. Miguel Arias Cañete served as Acting Commissioner.
28. ^ Andrus Ansip resigned on 1 July 2019 to serve as a Member of the European Parliament and Šefčovič served as Acting Commissioner until the end of the Juncker Commission.
29. ^ a b Frans Timmermans resigned on 22 August 2023 to campaign in the 2023 Dutch general election. Šefčovič served as Acting Commissioner of the European Green Deal and was confirmed by the European Parliament its with Executive Vice President rank on 5 October 2023. He also served as Acting Commissioner for Climate Action until Wopke Hoekstra took office.
30. ^ Lenarčič is affiliated to the liberals, while remaining nationally unaffiliated during his term in the Von der Leyen Commission.
31. ^ Jacques Santer resigned on 16 March 1999 and Marín served as Acting President until Romano Prodi took office.
32. ^ The UK Conservative Party had previously been part of the EPP and joined the ECR on 1 October 2009.
33. ^ Simson was nominated to complete the term of Andrus Ansip, who resigned on 1 July 2019 to take a seat in the European Parliament, without an assigned portfolio. However, it was agreed to let the seat remain vacant until the Von der Leyen Commission began. Simson was then nominated and confirmed for a full term.
34. ^ Pașcu was nominated to complete the term of Corina Crețu, who resigned on 1 July 2019 to take a seat in the European Parliament, without an assigned portfolio. However, it was agreed to let the seat remain vacant until the Von der Leyen Commission began.
35. ^ Goulard was nominated to a portfolio that was to also include Industrial Policy, the Digital Single Market and a new Directorate-General for Defence Industry and Space. However, she was rejected by the European Parliament.
36. ^ Trócsányi was rejected by the European Parliament.
37. ^ Szczerski was initially named by the Polish government, however after Von der Leyen indicated she preferred Poland take the Agriculture portfolio, he withdrew to allow another candidate, Janusz Wojciechowski, with more expertise to be formally nominated.
38. ^ Marques was initially named by the Portuguese government as the male candidate for the Von der Leyen Commission, alongside Elisa Ferreira, abiding by her request to achieve a gender parity. Ferreira went on to be formally nominated by Von der Leyen and approved by the European Parliament.
39. ^ Plumb was initially named by the Romanian government as the female candidate for the Von der Leyen Commission, alongside Dan Nica, abiding by her request to achieve a gender parity. She was formally nominated by Von der Leyen but rejected by the European Parliament.
40. ^ Nica was initially named by the Romanian government as the male candidate for the Von der Leyen Commission, alongside Rovana Plumb, abiding by her request to achieve a gender parity. After Plumb went on to be formally nominated by Von der Leyen and subsequently rejected by the European Parliament, the Romanian government named Nica the male candidate, alongside Melania-Gabriela Ciot, with him as the leading candidate. However, he was denied by Von der Leyen.
41. ^ After Plumb's rejection by the European Parliament, the Romanian government named Ciot the female candidate, alongside Dan Nica, with her as the reserve candidate. However, she was denied by Von der Leyen.
42. ^ After Nica and Ciot were denied nomination by Von der Leyen, the Romanian government named Negrescu. However, he was also denied by Von der Leyen.
43. ^ After Negrescu was denied nomination by Von der Leyen, the Romanian government lost parliament's confidence and Mureșan was named by the new government alongside Adina-Ioana Vălean. Vălean went on to be formally nominated by Von der Leyen.
44. ^ After Phil Hogan left the Von der Leyen Commission, McDowell was initially named by the Irish government as the male candidate, alongside Mairead McGuinness as the female candidate. McGuinness went on to be formally nominated by Von der Leyen and confirmed by the European Parliament.
45. ^ After Mariya Gabriel left the Von der Leyen Commission, Lorer was initially named by the Bulgarian government as the announced male candidate, alongside Iliana Ivanova as the female candidate. Ivanova went on to be formally nominated by Von der Leyen and confirmed by the European Parliament.

* v
* t
* e

Presidents of the European Commission

High Authority of the Coal and Steel Community
(1952–1967)

* Jean Monnet (Monnet Authority, 1952–55)
* René Mayer (Mayer Authority, 1955–58)
* Paul Finet (Finet Authority, 1958–59)
* Piero Malvestiti (Malvestiti Authority, 1959–63)
* Rinaldo Del Bo (Del Bo Authority, 1963–67)
* Acting: Albert Coppé (Coppé Authority, 1967)

Commission of the Atomic Energy Community
(1958–1967)

* Louis Armand (Armand Commission, 1958–59)
* Étienne Hirsch (Hirsch Commission, 1959–62)
* Pierre Chatenet (Chatenet Commission, 1962–67)

Commission of the Economic Community
(1958–1967)

* Walter Hallstein (Hallstein Commission, 1958–67)

Commission of the Communities
(1967–2009)

* Jean Rey (Rey Commission, 1967–70)
* Franco Maria Malfatti (Malfatti Commission, 1970–72)
* Sicco Mansholt (Mansholt Commission, 1972–73)
* François-Xavier Ortoli (Ortoli Commission, 1973–77)
* Roy Jenkins (Jenkins Commission, 1977–81)
* Gaston Thorn (Thorn Commission, 1981–85)
* Jacques Delors (Delors Commission, 1985–95)
* Jacques Santer (Santer Commission, 1995–99)
* Acting: Manuel Marín (Santer Commission, 1999)
* Romano Prodi (Prodi Commission, 1999–2004)
* José Durão Barroso (Barroso Commission, 2004–09)

Commission (2009–present)

* José Durão Barroso (Barroso Commission, 2009–14)
* Jean-Claude Juncker (Juncker Commission 2014–19)
* Ursula von der Leyen (Von der Leyen Commission, 2019–present)

* Commission President
* President of the European Council
* Council Presidency
* President of the European Parliament

* v
* t
* e

Current portfolios of the European Commission

* President
* Vice-Presidents
* List by country of origin
* Directorates-General

* Agriculture
* Budget and Administration
* Climate Action
* Competition
* International Partnerships
* Economy
* Financial Stability, Financial Services and the Capital Markets Union
* Innovation, Research, Culture, Education and Youth
* Jobs and Social Rights
* Energy
* Neighbourhood and Enlargement
* Environment, Oceans and Fisheries
* Health and Food Safety
* Foreign Affairs and Security Policy
* Home Affairs
* Internal Market
* Crisis Management
* Justice
* Equality
* Cohesion and Reforms
* Trade
* Transport

Executive Vice Presidents:

* An Economy that Works for People
* A Europe Fit for the Digital Age
* European Green Deal

Vice Presidents:
* A Stronger Europe in the World
* Interinstitutional Relations and Foresight
* Values and Transparency
* Democracy and Demography
* Promoting our European Way of Life
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