List of Harvard University politicians

Main article: List of Harvard University people

The list of Harvard University politicians includes notable politicians affiliated with Harvard University.

## Heads of state

[edit]

Name  | Class year  | Notability  | Reference(s)

|
|
|

John Adams (1735–1826)  | College 1755; A.M. 1758  | President of the United States | [1]
John Quincy Adams (1767–1848)  | College 1787; A.M. 1790  | President of the United States  | [2]
Arnulfo Arias (born 1901)  | Medical 1925  | President of Panama |
George W. Bush (born 1946)  | Business 1973  | President of the United States  | [3]
Felipe Calderón Hinojosa (born 1962)  | HKS 2000  | President of Mexico | [4]
Mark Carney (born 1965)  | College 1987  | Prime Minister of Canada | [5]
Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj (born 1963)  | HKS 2002  | President of Mongolia |
José María Figueres (born 1954)  | HKS 1991  | President of Costa Rica | [6]
Rutherford B. Hayes (1822–1893)  | Law 1845  | President of the United States  | [7]
John F. Kennedy (1917–1963)  | College 1940  | President of the United States; namesake of Harvard Kennedy School | [8]
Miguel de la Madrid (1934-2012)  | HKS 1965  | President of Mexico | [9]
Jamil Mahuad (born 1949)  | HKS 1989  | President of Ecuador | [10]
Barack Obama (born 1961)  | Law 1991  | President of the United States  | [11]
Sebastián Piñera (born 1949)  | PhD 1976  | President of Chile | [12]
Syngman Rhee (1875–1965)  | A.M. 1909  | President of South Korea | [13]
Mary Robinson (born 1944)  | Law 1968  | President of Ireland | [14]
Eduardo Rodríguez (born 1956)  | HKS 1988  | President of Bolivia | [15]
Theodore Roosevelt (1858–1919)  | College 1880  | President of the United States  | [16]
Franklin Delano Roosevelt (1882–1945)  | College 1904  | President of the United States  | [17]
Shankar Dayal Sharma (1918-1999)  | Law 1940  | President of India | [18]
Carlos Salinas de Gortari (born 1948)  | HKS 1973; A.M. 1976; PhD 1978  | President of Mexico | [19]
Juan Manuel Santos | HKS 1981  | President of Colombia | [20]
Ellen Johnson Sirleaf | HKS 1971  | President of Liberia | [21]
Álvaro Uribe (born 1953)  | Extension 1993  | President of Colombia | [22]
Ma Ying-Jeou (born 1950)  | Law 1981  | President of the Republic of China (Taiwan) | [23]
Maia Sandu (born 1972)  | HKS 2010  | President of Moldova | [24]
William Lai (1959-)  | Chan 2003  | President of the Republic of China | [25]
Duma Gideon Boko (born 1969)  | Law 1993  | President of Botswana | [26]
Han Duck-soo (born 1949)  | PhD 1984  | Acting President of South Korea | [27]

## Heads of government

[edit]

Name  | Class year  | Notability  | Reference(s)

|
|
|

Abdiweli Mohamed Ali (born 1965)  | HKS – 1999  | President of Puntland; Prime Minister of Somalia | [28]
Benazir Bhutto (1953–2007)  | College 1973  | Prime Minister of Pakistan | [29]
Gro Harlem Brundtland (born 1939)  | Master of Public Health – 1965  | Prime Minister of Norway | [30]
Mark Carney (born 1965)  | A.B. 1988  | Prime Minister of Canada | [31]
Roberto Dañino (born 1951)  | Law  | Prime Minister of Peru |
Tom Davis (1917–2007)  | Master of Public Health 1952  | Prime Minister of the Cook Islands |
Benedikt Sigurðsson Gröndal (1924-2010)  | College 1946  | Prime Minister of Iceland |
William Lyon Mackenzie King (1874–1950)  | A.M. 1898; PhD 1909  | Prime Minister of Canada | [32]
Lee Hsien Loong (born 1952)  | HKS 1980  | Prime Minister of Singapore | [33]
Beatriz Merino (born 1947)  | Law  | Prime Minister of Peru |
Najib Mikati (born 1955)  | 2004 – Business  | Prime Minister of Lebanon | [34]
Kyriakos Mitsotakis (born 1968)  | College 1990  | Prime Minister of Greece |
Miklós Németh (born 1948)  | GSAS 1976  | Prime Minister of Hungary |
Fan Noli (1882–1965)  | College 1912  | Prime Minister of Albania | [35]
Nguyen Xuan Oanh (1921–2003)  | HBS  | Prime Minister of South Vietnam |
Andreas Papandreou (1919–1996)  | A.M. 1942; PhD 1943; lecturer and associate professor  | Prime Minister of Greece | [36]
Kiril Petkov (born 1980)  |  | Prime Minister of Bulgaria | [37]
Samir Rifai (born 1966)  | College 1988  | Prime Minister of Jordan |
Zaid al-Rifai (born 1936)  | College 1957  | Prime Minister of Jordan |
Omar Razzaz (born 1961)  |  | Prime Minister of Jordan |
Jafar Hassan (born 1968)  |  | Prime Minister of Jordan |
Antonis Samaras (born 1951)  | HBS 1976  | Prime Minister of Greece |
Maia Sandu (born 1972)  | HKS  | Prime Minister of Moldova |
Alfred Sant (born 1948)  | HBS 1979  | Prime Minister of Malta |
Edward Seaga (born 1930)  | College 1952  | Prime Minister of Jamaica | [38]
Aziz Sedki (1920–2008)  | College 1950  | Prime Minister of Egypt |
Frederick Sumaye (born 1950)  | HKS 2007  | Prime Minister of Tanzania | [39]
Tshering Tobgay (born 1965)  | HKS 2004  | Prime Minister of Bhutan |
Pierre Trudeau (1919–2000)  | HKS 1945  | Prime Minister of Canada | [40]

## US cabinet secretaries

[edit]

Name  | Class year  | Notability  | Reference(s)

|
|
|

Spencer Abraham (born 1952)  | Law 1979  | United States Secretary of Energy, United States Senator | [41]
Dean Acheson (1893–1971)  | Law 1918  | United States Secretary of State | [42]
Alexander Acosta (born 1969)  | College 1990, Law 1994  | United States Secretary of Labor |
Brock Adams (1927–2004)  | Law 1952  | United States Secretary of Transportation | [43]
Charles Francis Adams III (1866–1954)  | College 1888; Law 1892  | United States Secretary of the Navy | [44]
Bruce Babbitt (born 1938)  | Law 1965  | United States Secretary of the Interior, Governor of Arizona | [45]
Robert Bacon (1860–1919)  | College 1880  | United States Secretary of State | [46]
Joseph Barr (1918–1996)  | A.M. 1941  | United States Secretary of the Treasury | [47]
William Bennett (born 1943)  | Law 1971  | United States Secretary of Education, activist  | [48]
Francis Biddle (1886–1968)  | College 1909; Law 1911  | United States Attorney General | [49]
Charles Bonaparte (1851–1921)  | College 1870, Law 1872  | United States Attorney General |
Nicholas F. Brady (born 1930)  | Business 1954  | United States Secretary of the Treasury | [50]
James H. Burnley IV (born 1948)  | Law 1973  | United States Secretary of Transportation |
Sylvia Mathews Burwell (born 1965)  | College 1987  | United States Secretary of Health and Human Services | [51]
Pete Buttigieg (born 1982)  | College 2004  | United States Secretary of Transportation, candidate for president in 2020, mayor of South Bend, Indiana | [52][53]
Joseph Califano (born 1931)  | Law 1955  | United States Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare | [54]
Frank Carlucci (1930-2018)  | Business 1955  | United States Secretary of Defense |
Julián Castro (born 1974)  | Law 2000  | United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development |
Elaine Chao (born 1953)  | Business 1979  | United States Secretary of Labor, United States Secretary of Transportation | [55]
Michael Chertoff (born 1953)  | College 1975; Law 1978  | United States Secretary of Homeland Security | [56]
Henry Cisneros (born 1947)  | HKS 1973  | United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development | [57]
William Thaddeus Coleman Jr. (1920-2017)  | Law 1946  | United States Secretary of Transportation |
John T. Connor (1914–2000)  | Law 1939  | United States Secretary of Commerce |
Caleb Cushing (1800–1878)  | College 1817  | United States Attorney General |
Charles Devens (1820–1891)  | College 1838, Law 1840  | United States Attorney General |
Samuel Dexter (1761–1816)  | College 1781  | United States Secretary of the Treasury |
C. Douglas Dillon (1909–2003)  | College 1931  | United States Secretary of the Treasury | [58]
Elizabeth Hanford Dole (born 1936)  | Law 1965  | United States Secretary of Transportation, United States Secretary of Labor |
Shaun Donovan (born 1966)  | College 1987; HKS 1995  | United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development, Director of the Office of Management and Budget, running for Mayor of New York City  | [59]
Arne Duncan (born 1964)  | College 1987  | United States Secretary of Education |
Mark Esper (born 1964)  | Kennedy 1995  | United States Secretary of Defense |
William M. Evarts (1818–1901)  | Law 1840  | United States Attorney General, United States Secretary of State |
Edward Everett (1794–1865)  | College 1811; A.M. 1814  | United States Secretary of State | [60]
Charles S. Fairchild (1842–1920)  | College 1863, Law 1865  | United States Secretary of the Treasury |
Barbara Hackman Franklin (born 1940)  | Business 1964  | United States Secretary of Commerce | [61]
Alberto Gonzales (born 1955)  | Law 1982  | United States Attorney General | [62]
Christian Herter (1895–1966)  | College 1915  | United States Secretary of State | [63]
Ebenezer R. Hoar (1816–1895)  | College 1835  | United States Attorney General |
Donald Hodel (born 1935)  | College 1957  | United States Secretary of the Interior, United States Secretary of Energy | [64]
David F. Houston (1866–1940)  | College 1892  | United States Secretary of Agriculture | [65]
Robert F. Kennedy (1925–1968)  | College 1948  | United States Attorney General, United States Senator | [66]
Cameron Kerry (born 1950)  | College 1972  | United States Secretary of Commerce |
John King Jr. (born 1975)  | College 1995  | United States Secretary of Education | [67]
Richard Kleindienst (1923–2000)  | College 1947; Law 1950  | United States Attorney General | [citation needed]
Jack Lew (born 1955)  | College 1978  | United States Secretary of the Treasury |
Drew Lewis (1931-2016)  | Business 1955  | United States Secretary of Transportation | [68]
Levi Lincoln Sr. (1749–1820)  | College 1772  | United States Attorney General |
Robert Todd Lincoln (1843–1926)  | College 1864  | United States Secretary of War, son of Abraham Lincoln | [69]
Robert A. Lovett (1895–1986)  | Law, 1919, Business 1921  | United States Secretary of Defense |
Loretta Lynch (born 1959)  | College 1981, Law 1984  | United States Attorney General |
James Thomas Lynn (1927–2010)  | Law 1951  | United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development |
Neil H. McElroy (1904–1972)  | College 1925  | United States Secretary of Defense | [70]
Robert McNamara (1916–2009)  | Business 1939  | United States Secretary of Defense | [71]
Ogden L. Mills (1884–1937)  | College 1904, Law 1907  | United States Secretary of the Treasury | [72]
William Henry Moody (1853–1917)  | College 1876  | United States Attorney General |
Vivek Murthy (born 1977)  | College 1998  | Surgeon General of the United States |
Richard Olney (1835–1917)  | Law 1858  | United States Secretary of State | [73]
Henry Paulson (born 1946)  | Business 1970  | United States Secretary of the Treasury | [74]
Thomas Perez (born 1961)  | Law 1987, HKS 1987  | United States Secretary of Labor, Chairman of the Democratic National Committee |
Timothy Pickering (1745–1829)  | College 1763  | United States Secretary of State, United States Secretary of War | [75]
Mike Pompeo (born 1963)  | Law 1994  | United States Secretary of State, former Director of the Central Intelligence Agency, United States Representative  | [76]
Penny Pritzker (born 1959)  | College 1981  | United States Secretary of Commerce |
Donald Regan (1918–2003)  | College 1940  | United States Secretary of the Treasury | [77]
Janet Reno (1938–2016)  | Law 1963  | United States Attorney General | [78]
Elliot Richardson (1920–1999)  | College 1941, Law 1947  | United States Secretary of Defense, United States Attorney General | [79]
William Adams Richardson (1821–1896)  | College 1843  | United States Secretary of the Treasury |
Tom Ridge (born 1946)  | College 1967  | United States Secretary of Homeland Security | [80]
Wilbur Ross (born 1937)  | Business 1961  | United States Secretary of Commerce |
Robert E. Rubin (born 1938)  | College 1960  | United States Secretary of the Treasury; Chairman of Citigroup | [81]
James Schlesinger (born 1929)  | College 1950; A.M. 1952; PhD 1956  | United States Secretary of Defense, United States Secretary of Energy | [82]
William French Smith (1917–1990)  | Law 1942  | United States Attorney General | [83]
Henry L. Stimson (1867–1950)  | A.M. 1889  | United States Secretary of State, United States Secretary of War | [84]
Julie Su (born 1969)  | Law 1994  | United States Secretary of Labor (acting)  | [85]
Lawrence Summers (born 1954)  | PhD 1982; President (2001–2006); Professor  | United States Secretary of the Treasury | [86]
Elihu B. Washburne (1816–1887)  | Law 1840  | United States Secretary of State |
Robert C. Weaver (1907–1997)  | College 1934  | United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development |
Sinclair Weeks (1893–1972)  | College 1914  | United States Secretary of Commerce | [87]
Caspar Weinberger (1917–2006)  | College 1938; Law 1941  | United States Secretary of Defense | [88]
Willard Wirtz (born 1912)  | Law 1937  | United States Secretary of Labor | [89]
Henry Kissinger (1923-2023)  | College 1950, M.A. 1951, PhD 1954  | United States Secretary of State |

## US state governors

[edit]

Name  | Class year  | Notability  | Reference(s)

|
|
|

Aníbal Acevedo Vilá (born 1962)  | Law 1987  | Governor of Puerto Rico | [90]
Samuel Adams (1722–1803)  | College 1740; A.M. 1743  | Governor of Massachusetts, organizer of Boston Tea Party | [91]
Henry Watkins Allen (1820–1866)  | Law 1858  | Governor of Louisiana |
Benjamin Ames (1778–1835)  | College 1803  | Governor of Maine |
Charlie Baker (born 1956)  | College 1979  | Governor of Massachusetts |
Nathaniel B. Baker (1818–1876)  | College 1839  | Governor of New Hampshire |
Robert P. Bass (1873–1960)  | College 1896  | Governor of New Hampshire |
Percival Proctor Baxter (1876–1969)  | Law 1901  | Governor of Maine |
Franklin S. Billings (1862–1935)  | College 1885  | Governor of Vermont |
James Bowdoin (1726–1790)  | College 1745  | Governor of Massachusetts |
John Q. A. Brackett (1842–1918)  | College 1865, Law 1868  | Governor of Massachusetts |
Robert F. Bradford (1902–1983)  | College 1923  | Governor of Massachusetts |
Roger Branigin (1902–1975)  | Law  | Governor of Indiana | [92]
Phil Bredesen (born 1943)  | College 1967  | Governor of Tennessee | [93]
Owen Brewster (1888–1961)  | Law 1913  | Governor of Maine |
J. Melville Broughton (1888–1949)  | Law 1913  | Governor of North Carolina |
C. Farris Bryant (1914–2002)  | Law 1938  | Governor of Florida | [94]
Alexander Bullock (1816–1882)  | Law 1840  | Governor of Massachusetts |
Brendan Byrne (born 1924)  | Law 1950  | Governor of New Jersey | [95]
John Lee Carroll (1830–1911)  | Law 1851  | Governor of Maryland |
Prentice Cooper (1895–1965)  | Law 1921  | Governor of Tennessee |
Channing H. Cox (1879–1968)  | Law 1904  | Governor of Massachusetts |
Robert B. Crosby (1911–2000)  | Law 1935  | Governor of Nebraska |
Ron DeSantis (born 1978)  | Law 2005  | Governor of Florida |
Jim Doyle (born 1945)  | Law 1972  | Governor of Wisconsin | [96]
Alfred E. Driscoll (1902–1975)  | Law 1928  | Governor of New Jersey |
Michael Dukakis (born 1933)  | Law 1960  | Governor of Massachusetts, 1988 Democratic U.S. presidential nominee  | [97]
Pierre S. du Pont, IV (born 1935)  | Law 1963  | Governor of Delaware, U.S. presidential candidate  | [98]
George Howard Earle III (1890–1914)  | College 1912  | Governor of Pennsylvania |
Joseph B. Ely (1881–1956)  | Law 1905  | Governor of Massachusetts |
William Eustis (1753–1825)  | College 1772  | Governor of Massachusetts |
William Tudor Gardiner (1892–1953)  | Law 1917  | Governor of Maine |
Booth Gardner (born 1936)  | Business 1963  | Governor of Washington | [99]
Lucius F. C. Garvin (1841–1922)  | Medical 1867  | Governor of Rhode Island |
Samuel Goddard (1919–2006)  | College 1941  | Governor of Arizona | [100]
Jennifer Granholm (born 1959)  | Law 1987  | Governor of Michigan | [101]
Hugh Gregg (1917–2003)  | Law 1942  | Governor of New Hampshire |
Curtis Guild Jr. (1860–1915)  | College 1881  | Governor of Massachusetts |
John Hancock (1737–1793)  | College 1754  | President of the Continental Congress, first Governor of Massachusetts | [102]
Christian Herter (1895–1966)  | College 1915  | Governor of Massachusetts |
Horace Hildreth (1902–1988)  | Law 1928  | Governor of Maine |
Maura Healey (born 1971)  | College 1992  | Governor of Massachusetts and Attorney General of Massachusetts | [103]
George Hoadly (1826–1902)  | Law 1844  | Governor of Ohio |
Bob Holden (born 1949)  | HKS 1976  | Governor of Missouri |
Linwood Holton (born 1923)  | Law 1949  | Governor of Virginia | [104]
Richard B. Hubbard (1832–1901)  | Law 1853  | Governor of Texas |
Tim Kaine (born 1958)  | Law 1983  | Governor of Virginia | [105]
Edward Kent (1802–1877)  | College 1821  | Governor of Maine |
John King (1916–1996)  | College 1938  | Governor of New Hampshire | [106]
Everett J. Lake (1871–1948)  | College 1890  | Governor of Connecticut |
Ned Lamont (born 1954)  | College 1976  | Governor of Connecticut |
Frank Licht (1916–1987)  | Law 1941  | Governor of Rhode Island | [107]
Levi Lincoln Jr. (1782–1868)  | College 1802  | Governor of Massachusetts |
John Davis Lodge (1903–1985)  | College 1925; Law 1929  | Governor of Connecticut | [108]
John Davis Long (1838–1915)  | College 1857  | Governor of Massachusetts |
John Lynch (born 1952)  | Business 1979  | Governor of New Hampshire | [109]
Ray Mabus (born 1948)  | Law 1976  | Governor of Mississippi | [110]
Kenneth Mapp (born 1955)  | Kennedy 1999  | Governor of the United States Virgin Islands |
Jim McGreevey (born 1957)  | Education 1982  | Governor of New Jersey | [111][112]
Paul V. McNutt (1891–1955)  | Law 1916  | Governor of Indiana |
Carl E. Milliken (1877–1961)  | College 1899  | Governor of Maine |
Phil Murphy (born 1957)  | College 1979  | Governor of New Jersey |
Charles Paine (1799–1853)  | College 1816  | Governor of Vermont |
Deval Patrick (born 1956)  | College 1978; Law 1982  | Governor of Massachusetts | [113]
Endicott Peabody (1920–1997)  | College 1942; Law 1948  | Governor of Massachusetts | [114]
Sylvester Pennoyer (1831–1902)  | Law 1854  | Governor of Oregon |
Charles Poletti (1903–2002)  | College 1924, Law 1928  | Governor of New York |
Robert E. Quinn (1894–1975)  | Law 1918  | Governor of Rhode Island |
William F. Quinn (1919–2006)  | Law 1947  | Governor of Hawaii |
Gina Raimondo (born 1971)  | College 1993  | Governor of Rhode Island |
Bruce Rauner (born 1957)  | Business 1981  | Governor of Illinois |
John H. Reed (born 1921)  | Naval Supply 1944  | Governor of Maine | [115]
George D. Robinson (1834–1896)  | College 1856  | Governor of Massachusetts |
Buddy Roemer (1943–2021)  | College 1964; Business 1967  | Governor of Louisiana | [116]
Mitt Romney (born 1947)  | Business 1975; Law 1975  | Governor of Massachusetts, 2012 Republican U.S. presidential nominee  | [117]
William Russell (1857–1896)  | College 1877  | Governor of Massachusetts |
George L. Sheldon (born 1870)  | 1893  | 14th Governor of Nebraska | [118]
Milward L. Simpson (1897–1993)  | Law 1925  | Governor of Wyoming |
Samuel E. Smith (1788–1860)  | College 1808  | Governor of Maine |
Richard Snelling (1927–1991)  | College 1948  | Governor of Vermont | [119]
Eliot Spitzer (born 1959)  | Law 1984  | Governor of New York | [120]
Caleb Strong (1745–1819)  | College 1763  | Governor of Massachusetts |
Increase Sumner (1746–1799)  | College 1763  | Governor of Massachusetts |
Bruce Sundlun (born 1920)  | Law 1949  | Governor of Rhode Island | [121]
J. Fife Symington III (born 1945)  | College 1968  | Governor of Arizona | [122]
Jonathan Trumbull (1710–1785)  | College 1727; A.M. 1730  | Governor of Connecticut | [123]
Jonathan Trumbull Jr. (1740–1809)  | College 1759  | Governor of Connecticut; son of John Trumbull class of 1727; served as US Speaker of the House and US Senator  | [124]
Jim Guy Tucker (born 1943)  | College 1964  | Governor of Arkansas | [125]
David Walters (born 1951)  | Business 1975  | Governor of Oklahoma | [126]
Mark Warner (born 1954)  | Law 1980  | Governor of Virginia, U.S. Senator, co-founder of Nextel | [127]
William Weld (born 1945)  | College 1966; Law 1970  | Governor of Massachusetts | [128]
William Pinkney Whyte (1824–1908)  | Law 1844  | Governor of Maryland |
Joseph H. Williams (1814–1896)  | College 1830  | Governor of Maine |
Augustus E. Willson (1846–1931)  | College 1865, Law 1872  | Governor of Kentucky |
Roger Wolcott (1847–1900)  | College 1870, Law 1874  | Governor of Massachusetts |
Glenn Youngkin (born 1966)  | Business 1994  | Governor of Virginia, co-CEO of The Carlyle Group | [129]

## US senators

[edit]

Name  | Class year  | Notability  | Reference(s)

|
|
|

Spencer Abraham (born 1952)  | Law 1978  |  | [130]
Brock Adams (1927–2004)  | Law 1952  |  | [131]
Samuel G. Arnold (1821–1880)  | Law 1845  |  | [132]
Charles G. Atherton (1804–1853)  | College 1822  |  | [133]
Robert Woodward Barnwell (1801–1882)  | College 1821  |  | [134]
Jeff Bingaman (born 1943)  | College 1965  |  | [135]
Hiram Bingham III (1875–1956)  | PhD. 1905  |  | [136]
Richard Blumenthal (born 1946)  | College 1967  |  | [137]
Mike Braun (born 1954)  | Business 1978  |  | [138]
Robert J. Bulkley (1880–1965)  | College 1902, Law 1906  |  | [139]
Edward R. Burke (1880–1968)  | Law 1911  |  | [140]
Harold Hitz Burton (1888–1964)  | Law 1911  |  | [141]
John Chafee (1922–1999)  | Law 1950  |  | [142]
Christopher G. Champlin (1768–1840)  | College 1786  |  | [143]
William E. Chandler (1835–1917)  | Law 1854  |  | [144]
David Worth Clark (1902–1955)  | Law 1925  |  | [145]
Joseph S. Clark (1901–1990)  | College 1923  |  | [146]
Edward P. Costigan (1874–1939)  | College 1899  |  | [147]
Tom Cotton (born 1977)  | College 1998, Law 2002  |  | [148]
Samuel C. Crafts (1768–1853)  | College 1790  |  | [149]
Mike Crapo (born 1951)  | Law 1977  |  | [150]
Ted Cruz (born 1970)  | Law 1995  |  | [151]
John Culver (born 1932)  | College 1954; Law 1962  |  | [152]
Bronson M. Cutting (1888–1935)  | College 1910  |  | [153]
Charles Cutts (1769–1846)  | College 1789  |  | [154]
Tristram Dalton (1738–1817)  | College 1755  |  | [155]
William F. De Saussure (1792–1870)  | College 1810  |  | [156]
Samuel Dexter (1761–1816)  | College 1781  |  | [157]
Elizabeth Dole (born 1936)  | A.M. 1960; Law 1965  |  | [158]
Thomas Eagleton (1929–2007)  | Law 1953  |  | [159]
Sam Ervin (1896–1985)  | Law 1922  |  | [160]
James B. Eustis (1834–1899)  | Law 1854  |  | [161]
Russ Feingold (born 1953)  | Law 1979  |  | [162]
Hiram Fong (1906–2004)  | Law 1935  |  | [163]
Dwight Foster (1757–1823)  | College 1784  |  | [164]
Al Franken (born 1951)  | College 1973  |  | [165]
Bill Frist (born 1952)  | Medical 1978  |  | [166]
Ruben Gallego (born 1979)  | College 2002  |  | [76]
David Gambrell (born 1929)  | Law 1952  |  | [167]
Peter G. Gerry (1879–1957)  | College 1901  |  | [168]
Guy D. Goff (1866–1933)  | Law 1891  |  | [169]
Benjamin Goodhue (1748–1814)  | College 1766  |  | [170]
Christopher Gore (1758–1827)  | College 1776  |  | [171]
Bob Graham (born 1936)  | Law 1962  |  | [172]
Ernest Gruening (1887–1974)  | College 1907; Medical 1912  |  | [173]
Edward Gurney (1914–1996)  | Law 1938  |  | [174]
Frederick Hale (1874–1963)  | College 1896  |  | [175]
Floyd Haskell (1916–1998)  | College 1937; Law 1941  |  | [176]
William Hathaway (born 1924)  | College 1949; Law 1953  |  | [177]
H. John Heinz (1938–1991)  | Business 1963  |  | [178]
Anthony Higgins (1840–1912)  | Law 1864  |  | [179]
George Frisbie Hoar (1826–1904)  | College 1846  |  | [180]
Henry F. Hollis (1869–1949)  | College 1892  |  | [181]
Richard C. Hunter (1884–1941)  | Law 1910  |  | [182]
James Jeffords (born 1934)  | Law 1962  |  | [183]
Daniel T. Jewett (1807–1906)  | Law 1833  |  | [184]
Tim Kaine (born 1958)  | Law 1983  |  | [185]
Kenneth Keating (1900–1975)  | Law 1923  |  | [186]
James P. Kem (1890–1965)  | Law 1913  |  | [187]
Edward Kennedy (1932–2009)  | College 1956; Honorary degree 2008  |  | [188]
Henry W. Keyes (1862–1938)  | College 1887  |  | [189]
Rufus King (1755–1827)  | College 1777  |  | [190]
Paul G. Kirk (born 1938)  | 1960, Harvard Law 1968  |  | [191]
Herbert Kohl (1935–2023)  | Business 1958  |  | [192]
Carl Levin (1934–2021)  | Law 1959  |  | [193]
James Lloyd (1769–1831)  | College 1787  |  | [194]
Henry Cabot Lodge (1850–1924)  | College 1871; Law 1874; PhD 1876  | President pro tempore of the United States Senate | [195]
Henry Cabot Lodge Jr. (1902–1985)  | College 1924  |  | [196]
Gilman Marston (1811–1890)  | Law 1840  |  | [197]
Spark Matsunaga (1916–1990)  | Law 1951  |  | [198]
Martha McSally (born 1966)  | Kennedy 1990  |  | [199]
Prentiss Mellen (1764–1840)  | College 1784  |  | [200]
Amos Nourse (1794–1877)  | College 1812, PhD. 1817  |  | [201]
Harrison Gray Otis
(1765–1848)  | Law 1765  |  | [202]
Elijah Paine (1757–1842)  | College 1781  |  | [203]
Samuel Pasco (1834–1917)  | College 1858  |  | [204]
Boies Penrose (1860–1921)  | Law 1881  |  | [205]
Claude Pepper (1900–1989)  | Law 1924  |  | [206]
Timothy Pickering (1745–1829)  | College 1763  |  | [207]
Larry Pressler (born 1942)  | HKS 1971; Law 1971  |  | [208]
William Proxmire (1915–2005)  | Business 1940; HKS 1949  |  | [209]
Robert Rantoul Jr. (1805–1852)  | College 1826  |  | [210]
Jack Reed (born 1949)  | HKS 1973; Law 1982  |  | [211]
Jay Rockefeller (born 1937)  | College 1961  |  | [212]
Mitt Romney (born 1947)  | JD-MBA 1975  |  | [213]
William Roth (1921–2003)  | Business 1947; Law 1949  |  | [214]
Frederic M. Sackett (1868–1941)  | Law 1893  |  | [215]
Leverett Saltonstall (1892–1979)  | College 1914; Law 1917  |  | [216]
Paul Sarbanes (born 1933)  | Law 1960  |  | [217]
Ben Sasse (born 1972)  | College 1994  |  | [218]
Frederick A. Sawyer (1822–1891)  | College 1844  |  | [219]
Harrison Schmitt (born 1935)  | PhD 1964  |  | [220]
Charles Schumer (born 1950)  | College 1971; Law 1974  |  | [221]
James Sheafe (1755–1829)  | College 1774  |  | [222]
William Paine Sheffield Sr. (1820–1907)  | College 1774  |  | [223]
Benjamin Smith II (1916–1991)  | College 1939  |  | [224]
Peleg Sprague (1793–1880)  | College 1812  |  | [225]
Ted Stevens (1923–2010)  | Law 1950  | President pro tempore of the United States Senate | [226]
Adlai Stevenson III (1930-2021)  | College 1952; Law 1957  |  | [227]
Richard Stone (born 1928)  | College 1949  |  | [228]
Dan Sullivan (born 1964)  | College 1987  |  | [229]
Charles Sumner (1811–1874)  | College 1830; Law 1833  |  | [230]
John E. Sununu (born 1964)  | Business 1991  |  | [231]
Kingsley A. Taft (1903–1970)  | Law 1928  |  | [232]
Robert A. Taft (1889–1953)  | Law 1913  |  | [233]
Robert Taft Jr. (1917–1993)  | Law 1942  |  | [234]
Thomas W. Thompson (1766–1821)  | College 1786  |  | [235]
Pat Toomey (born 1961)  | College 1984  |  | [236]
Robert Torricelli (born 1951)  | HKS 1980  |  | [237]
Jonathan Trumbull (1710–1785)  | College 1727  |  | [238]
Paul Tsongas (1941–1997)  | HKS 1974  |  | [239]
David Vitter (born 1961)  | College 1983  |  | [240]
Mark Warner (born 1954)  | Law 1980  |  | [127]
Elizabeth Warren (born 1949)  | Professor of Law  |  | [241]
Sinclair Weeks (1893–1972)  | College 1914  |  | [242]
Paine Wingate (1739–1838)  | College 1759  |  | [243]
Robert Charles Winthrop (1809–1894)  | College 1828  |  | [244]
Tim Wirth (born 1939)  | College 1961; Education 1964  |  | [245]
Thomas A. Wofford (1908–1978)  | Law 1931  |  | [246]
Edward O. Wolcott (1848–1905)  | Law 1875  |  | [247]
Louis Wyman (1917–2002)  | Law 1941  |  | [248]

## US representatives

[edit]

Name  | Class year  | Notability  | Reference(s)

|
|
|

Charles Francis Adams Sr. (1807–1886)  | College 1825  |  | [249]
George E. Adams (1840–1917)  | College 1860  |  | [250]
John Adler (1959–2011)  | College 1981; Law 1984  |  | [251]
Richard S. Aldrich (1884–1941)  | Law 1909  |  | [252]
Joseph Allen (1749–1827)  | College 1774  |  | [253]
Tom Allen (born 1945)  | Law 1974  |  | [254]
A. Piatt Andrew (1873–1936)  | GSAS 1895  |  | [255]
John F. Andrew (1850–1895)  | College 1872  |  | [256]
Fisher Ames (1758–1808)  | College 1774  |  | [257]
John Anderson (born 1922)  | Law 1949  | U.S. presidential candidate, United States Representative  | [258]
John Ashbrook (1928–1982)  | College 1952  | U.S. presidential candidate, United States Representative  | [259]
Charles Humphrey Atherton (1773–1853)  | College 1794  |  | [260]
Jake Auchincloss (born 1988)  | College 2010  |  | [261]
Robert L. Bacon (1884–1938)  | College 1907  |  | [262]
Charles Montague Bakewell (1867–1957)  | GSAS 1894  |  | [263]
Joseph C. Baldwin (1897–1957)  | College 1920  |  | [264]
John Goff Ballentine (1825–1915)  | Law 1848  |  | [265]
David Barker Jr. (1797–1834)  | College 1815  |  | [266]
John Barrow (born 1955)  | Law 1979  |  | [267][76]
Samuel J. Barrows (1845–1909)  | Divinity 1871  |  | [268]
Franklin Bartlett (1847–1909)  | College 1869  |  | [269]
Perkins Bass (1912–2011)  | Law 1938  |  | [270]
William H. Bates (1917–1969)  | Business 1947  |  | [271]
Anthony Beilenson (born 1932)  | College 1954; Law 1957  |  | [272]
Perry Belmont (1851–1947)  | College 1872  |  | [273]
Doug Bereuter (born 1939)  | Design 1966; HKS 1973  |  | [274]
Horace Binney (1780–1875)  | College 1797  |  | [275]
Chester C. Bolton (1882–1939)  | College 1905  |  | [276]
Oliver P. Bolton (1917–1972)  | College 1939  |  | [277]
Benjamin Bourne (1755–1808)  | College 1775  |  | [278]
Shearjashub Bourne (1746–1806)  | College 1764  |  | [279]
Henry Sherman Boutell (1856–1926)  | College 1876  |  | [280]
David R. Bowen (born 1932)  | College 1954  |  | [281]
Selwyn Z. Bowman (1840–1928)  | College 1860  |  | [282]
Brendan F. Boyle (born 1977)  | HKS 2005  |  | [76]
George Bradbury (1770–1823)  | College 1789  |  | [283]
Theophilus Bradbury (1739–1803)  | College 1757  |  | [284]
John Brademas (born 1927)  | College 1949  | U.S. House Majority Whip | [285]
Vincent M. Brennan (1890–1959)  | Law 1912  |  | [286]
Frederick George Bromberg (1837–1930)  | College 1858  |  | [287]
James E. Bromwell (1920–2009)  | Business 1947  |  | [288]
George M. Brooks (1824–1893)  | College 1844  |  | [289]
Anthony Brown (born 1961)  | College 1984  |  | [290]
Bud Brown (born 1927)  | Business 1949  |  | [291]
Lathrop Brown (1883–1959)  | College 1903  |  | [292]
Clement Laird Brumbaugh (1863–1921)  | College 1894  |  | [293]
Frank H. Buck (1887–1942)  | Law 1911  |  | [294]
Melville Bull (1854–1909)  | College 1877  |  | [295]
Henry Adams Bullard (1788–1851)  | College 1807  |  | [296]
Anson Burlingame (1820–1870)  | Law 1846  |  | [297]
James N. Burnes (1827–1889)  | Law 1853  |  | [298]
Daniel Dee Burnes (1851–1899)  | Law 1874  |  | [299]
Edward Burnett (1849–1925)  | College 1871  |  | [300]
Josiah Butler (1779–1854)  | College 1803  |  | [301]
Tom Campbell (born 1952)  | Law 1976  |  | [302]
Bruce F. Caputo (born 1943)  | College 1965  |  | [303]
Joaquin Castro (born 1974)  | Law 2000  |  | [76]
Theron Ephron Catlin (1878–1960)  | College 1899  |  | [304]
John Curtis Chamberlain (1772–1834)  | College 1793  |  | [305]
Alfred C. Chapin (1848–1936)  | Law 1871  |  | [306]
Robert B. Chiperfield (1899–1971)  | College 1922  |  | [307]
William M. Citron (1896–1976)  | Law 1921  |  | [308]
Henry Alden Clark (1850–1944)  | College 1874  |  | [309]
John Bullock Clark Jr. (1831–1903)  | Law 1854  |  | [310]
Katherine Clark (born 1963)  | HKS 1997  |  | [76]
Curt Clawson (born 1959)  | Business 1980  |  | [76]
Joseph W. Clift (1837–1908)  | Medical 1862  |  | [311]
David Cobb (1748–1830)  | College 1766  |  | [312]
William Cogswell (1838–1895)  | Law 1860  |  | [313]
Joshua Coit (1758–1798)  | College 1776  |  | [314]
James M. Collins (1916–1989)  | Business 1943  |  | [315]
Patrick Collins (1844–1905)  | Law 1871  |  | [316]
John Bertrand Conlan (1930–2021)  | Law 1954  |  | [317]
Gerry Connolly (born 1950)  | HKS 1979  |  | [76]
Merrill Cook (born 1946)  | Business 1971  |  | [318]
Jim Cooper (born 1954)  | Law 1980  |  | [319]
Sam Coppersmith (born 1955)  | College 1976  |  | [320]
Tom Cotton (born 1977)  | College 1999, Law 2002  |  | [76]
Clarence Dennis Coughlin (1883–1946)  | College 1906  |  | [321]
Lawrence Coughlin (1929–2001)  | Business 1954  |  | [322]
Christopher Cox (born 1952)  | Business 1977; Law 1977  | U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission chairman, U.S. Representative  | [323]
James K. Coyne, III (born 1946)  | Business 1970  |  | [324]
William C. Cramer (1922–2003)  | Law 1948  |  | [325]
Dan Crenshaw (born 1984)  | Kennedy 2018  |  | [326]
Paul Cronin (born 1938)  | HKS 1969  |  | [327]
Frank Crowther (1870–1955)  | Dental 1898  |  | [328]
Jabez Lamar Monroe Curry (1825–1903)  | Law 1845  |  | [329]
Laurence Curtis (1893–1989)  | College 1916  |  | [330]
Joshua Cushman (1761–1834)  | College 1787  |  | [331]
Richard Cutts (1771–1845)  | College 1790  |  | [332]
Frederick W. Dallinger (1871–1955)  | College 1893  |  | [333]
Joseph Dane (1778–1858)  | College 1799  |  | [334]
Henry G. Danforth (1854–1918)  | College 1877  |  | [335]
Samuel Arza Davenport (1834–1911)  | Law 1855  |  | [336]
Artur Davis (born 1967)  | College 1990; Law 1993  |  | [337]
George T. Davis (1810–1877)  | College 1829  |  | [338]
Horace Davis (1831–1916)  | College 1849  |  | [339]
Jacob E. Davis (1905–2003)  | Law 1930  |  | [340]
Robert T. Davis (1823–1906)  | Medical 1847  |  | [341]
John Dawson (1762–1814)  | College 1782  |  | [342]
Frederick Simpson Deitrick (1875–1948)  | Law 1898  |  | [343]
Antonio Delgado (born 1977)  | Law 2005  |  | [344]
Henry C. Deming (1815–1872)  | College 1839  |  | [345]
David W. Dennis (1912–1999)  | Law 1936  |  | [346]
Winfield K. Denton (1896–1971)  | Law 1922  |  | [347]
Ron DeSantis (born 1978)  | Law 2005  |  | [76]
Albert Douglas (1852–1935)  | Law 1874  |  | [348]
John G. Dow (1905–2003)  | College 1927  |  | [349]
James P.B. Duffy (1878–1969)  | Law 1904  |  | [350]
James H. Duncan (1793–1869)  | College 1812  |  | [351]
Edwin Russell Durno (1899–1976)  | Medical 1927  |  | [352]
Chet Edwards (born 1951)  | Business 1981  |  | [353]
Caleb Ellis (1767–1816)  | College 1793  |  | [354]
Samuel Atkins Eliot (1798–1862)  | College 1817  |  | [355]
Thomas H. Eliot (1907–1991)  | College 1928  |  | [356]
Arlen Erdahl (born 1931)  | KSG 1966  |  | [357]
Elizabeth Esty (born 1959)  | College 1981  |  | [76][358]
George Eustis Jr. (1828–1872)  | Law 1848  |  | [359]
William Everett (1839–1910)  | College 1859  |  | [360]
Paul Fearing (1762–1822)  | College 1785  |  | [361]
Michael A. Feighan (1905–1992)  | Law 1931  |  | [362]
Hamilton Fish III (1888–1991)  | College 1910  |  | [363]
Hamilton Fish IV (1926–1996)  | College 1949  |  | [364]
Joseph L. Fisher (1914–1992)  | GSAS 1947  |  | [365]
Frederick G. Fleetwood (1868–1938)  | College 1891  |  | [366]
George Edmund Foss (1863–1936)  | College 1885  |  | [367]
Abiel Foster (1735–1806)  | College 1756  |  | [368]
Bill Foster (born 1955)  | PhD 1983  |  | [76]
George B. Francis (1883–1967)  | Law 1907  |  | [369]
Barney Frank (born 1940)  | College 1962; Law 1977  |  | [370]
Nathan Frank (1852–1931)  | Law 1871  |  | [371]
Nathaniel Freeman Jr. (1766–1800)  | College 1787  |  | [372]
Richard P. Freeman (1869–1944)  | College 1891  |  | [373]
Louis A. Frothingham (1871–1928)  | College 1893  |  | [374]
James G. Fulton (1903–1971)  | Law 1927  |  | [375]
James A. Gallivan (1866–1928)  | College 1888  |  | [376]
Barzillai Gannett (1764–1832)  | College 1785  |  | [377]
John Ganson (1818–1874)  | College 1839  |  | [378]
John Garamendi (born 1945)  | Business 1970  |  | [76]
Augustus Peabody Gardner (1865–1918)  | College 1886  |  | [379]
Francis Gardner (1771–1835)  | College 1793  |  | [380]
Frederick Gillett (1851–1935)  | Law 1877  | Speaker of the United States House of Representatives | [381]
Charles J. Gilman (1824–1901)  | Law 1850  |  | [382]
Jimmy Gomez (born 1974)  | KSG 2002  |  | [383]
William Gordon (1763–1802)  | College 1779  |  | [384]
Benjamin Gorham (1775–1855)  | College 1795  |  | [385]
Josh Gottheimer (born 1975)  | Law 2004  |  | [386]
Bill Gradison (born 1928)  | Business 1951  |  | [387]
Fred Grandy (born 1948)  | College 1970  | Actor, United States Representative  | [388]
Alan Grayson (born 1958)  | College 1978; HKS 1983; Law 1983  | Actor, United States Representative  | [389]
Isaiah L. Green (1761–1841)  | College 1781  |  | [390]
S. William Green (1929–2002)  | College 1950  |  | [391]
Willard Hall (1780–1875)  | College 1799  |  | [392]
Josh Harder (born 1986)  | Business/Kennedy 2014  |  | [393]
Jane Harman (born 1945)  | Law 1969  |  | [394]
Michael J. Harrington (born 1936)  | College 1958  |  | [395]
Benjamin W. Harris (1823–1907)  | Law 1849  |  | [396]
Katherine Harris (born 1957)  | HKS 1997  |  | [397]
Robert O. Harris (1854–1926)  | College 1877  |  | [398]
Frank G. Harrison (1940–2009)  | Law 1964  |  | [399]
Julian Hartridge (1829–1879)  | Law 1850  |  | [400]
Seth Hastings (1762–1831)  | College 1782  |  | [401]
William Soden Hastings (1798–1842)  | College 1817  |  | [402]
Nathaniel Appleton Haven (1762–1831)  | College 1779  |  | [403]
Edward D. Hayden (1833–1908)  | College 1854  |  | [404]
Pablo Hernández Rivera (born 1991)  | College 2013  |  | [405]
John W. Heselton (1900–1962)  | Law  |  | [406]
Brian Higgins (born 1959)  | HKS 1996  |  | [407]
John Patrick Higgins (1893–1955)  | College 1917  |  | [408]
John Boynton Philip Clayton Hill (1879–1941)  | Law 1903  |  | [409]
Jim Himes (born 1966)  | College 1988  |  | [410]
Rockwood Hoar (1855–1906)  | College 1876  |  | [411]
Samuel Hoar (1778–1856)  | College 1802  |  | [412]
Sherman Hoar (1860–1898)  | College 1882  |  | [413]
John B. Hollister (1890–1979)  | Law 1915  |  | [414]
Elizabeth Holtzman (born 1941)  | Radcliffe 1962; Law 1965  |  | [415]
Charles E. Hooker (1825–1914)  | Law 1846  |  | [416]
Steve Horn (born 1931)  | HKS 1955  |  | [417]
Alanson B. Houghton (1863–1941)  | College 1886  |  | [418]
Amory Houghton (born 1926)  | College 1950; Business 1952  |  | [419]
L. Paul Howland (1865–1942)  | Law 1890  |  | [420]
Michael Huffington (born 1947)  | Business 1971  |  | [421]
John W. Hulbert (1770–1831)  | College 1795  |  | [422]
Morton D. Hull (1867–1937)  | College 1892  |  | [423]
William L. Hungate (1922–2007)  | Law 1948  |  | [424]
Carleton Hunt (1836–1921)  | College 1856  |  | [425]
John Jarman (1915–1982)  | Law 1941  |  | [426]
Leonard Jarvis (1781–1854)  | College 1800  |  | [427]
William J. Jefferson (born 1947)  | Law 1972  |  | [428]
Albert G. Jenkins (1830–1864)  | Law 1850  |  | [429]
Nancy Johnson (born 1935)  | Radcliffe 1957  |  | [430]
Thomas Laurens Jones (1819–1887)  | Law 1846  |  | [431]
Robert Kean (1893–1980)  | College 1915  |  | [432]
Joseph G. Kendall (1788–1847)  | Law 1810  |  | [433]
Joseph P. Kennedy III (born 1980)  | Law 2009  |  | [76]
Barbara Kennelly (born 1936)  | Business 1959  |  | [434]
John Bozman Kerr (1809–1878)  | College 1830  |  | [435]
Kevin Kiley (born 1985)  | College 2007  |  | [436]
Ron Kind (born 1963)  | College 1985  |  | [437]
Daniel P. King (1801–1850)  | College 1823  |  | [438]
James G. King (1791–1853)  | College 1810  |  | [439]
Martin Kinsley (1754–1835)  | College 1778  |  | [440]
Herb Klein (born 1930)  | Law 1953  |  | [441]
Samuel Knox (1815–1905)  | Law 1838  |  | [442]
Ken Kramer (born 1942)  | Law 1966  |  | [443]
Raja Krishnamoorthi (born 1973)  | Law 2000  |  | [444]
John C. Kunkel (1898–1970)  | Law 1926  |  | [445]
Peter Kyros (1925–2012)  | College 1957  |  | [446]
Greg Landsman (born 1976)  | Divinity 2004  |  | [447]
Jim Langevin (born 1964)  | HKS 1994  |  | [448]
Henderson Lovelace Lanham (1888–1957)  | GSAS 1912  |  | [449]
John LeBoutillier (born 1953)  | College 1976  |  | [450]
Silas Lee (1760–1814)  | College 1784  |  | [451]
George Leonard (1729–1819)  | College 1748  |  | [452]
John E. Leonard (1845–1878)  | College 1863  |  | [453]
Andy Levin (born 1960)  | Law 1994  |  | [454]
Sander Levin (born 1931)  | Law 1957  |  | [455]
Mel Levine (born 1943)  | Law 1969  |  | [456]
Lawrence Lewis (1879–1943)  | College 1901  |  | [457]
Lucius Littauer (1859–1944)  | College 1878  |  | [458]
John Locke (1764–1855)  | College 1792  |  | [459]
Stephen Longfellow (1776–1849)  | College 1798  |  | [460]
Nicholas Longworth (1869–1931)  | College 1891  | Speaker of the United States House of Representatives | [461]
George B. Loring (1817–1891)  | College 1838  |  | [462]
Theodore Lyman (1833–1897)  | College 1855  |  | [463]
Stephen Lynch (born 1955)  | HKS 1999  |  | [464]
William Pitt Lynde (1817–1885)  | Law 1841  |  | [465]
Torbert Macdonald (1917–1976)  | College 1940  |  | [466]
W. Kingsland Macy (1889–1961)  | College 1912  |  | [467]
Dan Maffei (born 1968)  | HKS 1995  |  | [76]
Walter W. Magee (1861–1927)  | College 1889  |  | [468]
Andrew Maguire (born 1939)  | KSG 1966  |  | [469]
Rowland B. Mahany (1864–1937)  | College 1884  |  | [470]
James H. Maloney (born 1948)  | College 1972  |  | [471]
David S. Mann (born 1939)  | College 1961  |  | [472]
Brian Mast (born 1980)  | Extension 2016  |  | [473]
Jim Matheson (born 1960)  | College 1982  |  | [474]
Wiley Mayne (1917–2007)  | College 1938  |  | [475]
Romano L. Mazzoli (born 1932)  | KSG 2004  |  | [476]
Washington J. McCormick (1884–1949)  | College 1906  |  | [477]
Walter I. McCoy (1859–1933)  | College 1882  |  | [478]
Martha McSally (born 1966)  | HKS 1990  |  | [76]
Ward Miller (1902–1984)  | College 1931  |  | [479]
Wilbur Mills (1909–1992)  | Law 1933  |  | [480]
Walt Minnick (born 1942)  | Law 1969  |  | [481]
Nahum Mitchell (1769–1853)  | College 1789  |  | [482]
Thomas R. Mitchell (1783–1837)  | College 1802  |  | [483]
John S. Monagan (1911–2005)  | Law 1937  |  | [484]
Jim Moody (born 1935)  | HKS 1967  |  | [485]
John Moolenaar (born 1961)  | KSG 1989  |  | [486]
William S. Moorhead (1923–1987)  | Law 1949  |  | [487]
Edward Joy Morris (1815–1881)  | College 1836  |  | [488]
Seth Moulton (born 1978)  | College 2001, HBS-HKS 2011  |  | [76]
Isaac Edward Morse (1809–1866)  | College 1829  |  | [489]
Harold G. Mosier (1889–1971)  | Law 1915  |  | [490]
Luther W. Mott (1874–1923)  | College 1896  |  | [491]
Scott Murphy (born 1970)  | College 1992  |  | [492]
Henry F. Naphen (1852–1905)  | College 1878  |  | [493]
Charles P. Nelson (1907–1962)  | Law 1931  |  |
James Ellsworth Noland (1920–1992)  | Business 1943  |  | [494]
Joseph F. O'Connell (1872–1942)  | Law 1896  |  | [495]
John J. O'Connor (1885–1960)  | Law 1911  |  | [496]
Gayton P. Osgood (1797–1861)  | College 1815  |  | [497]
Richard Ottinger (born 1929)  | Law 1953  |  | [498]
George E. Outland (1906–1981)  | GSAS 1929  |  | [499]
Allen Ferdinand Owen (1816–1865)  | Law 1839  |  | [500]
John G. Palfrey (1796–1881)  | College 1815  |  | [501]
Chris Pappas (born 1980)  | College 2002  |  | [502]
Isaac Parker (1768–1830)  | College 1786  |  | [503]
Gorham Parks (1794–1877)  | College 1813  |  | [504]
George Partridge (1740–1828)  | College 1762  |  | [505]
John Perkins Jr. (1819–1885)  | Law 1842  |  | [506]
William H. Perry (1839–1902)  | College 1859  |  | [507]
Andrew James Peters (1872–1938)  | College 1895, Law 1898  |  | [508]
Tom Petri (born 1940)  | College 1962; Law 1965  |  | [509]
Michael Francis Phelan (1875–1941)  | College 1897  |  | [510]
Philip J. Philbin (1898–1972)  | College 1920  |  | [511]
Stephen C. Phillips (1801–1857)  | College 1819  |  | [512]
William Alvin Pittenger (1885–1951)  | Law 1912  |  | [513]
Edmund Platt (1865–1939)  | College 1888  |  | [514]
William Plumer Jr. (1789–1854)  | College 1809  |  | [515]
Bruce Poliquin (born 1953)  | College 1976  |  | [76]
Charles O. Porter (1919–2006)  | College 1941  |  | [516]
Katie Porter (born 1974)  | Law 2001  |  | [517]
Elisha R. Potter (1811–1882)  | College 1830  |  | [518]
Henry Otis Pratt (1838–1931)  | College 1862  |  | [519]
William Preston (1816–1887)  | Law 1838  |  | [520]
L. Richardson Preyer (1919–2001)  | Law 1949  |  | [521]
Josiah Quincy III (1772–1864)  | College 1790  |  | [522]
Jamie Raskin (born 1962)  | College 1983, Law 1987  |  | [523]
John H. Ray (1886–1975)  | Law 1911  |  | [524]
Nathan Read (1759–1849)  | College 1781  |  | [525]
Ben Reifel (1906–1990)  | KSG 1949  |  | [526]
Henry S. Reuss (1912–2002)  | Law 1936  |  | [527]
Mel Reynolds (born 1952)  | KSG 1986  |  | [528]
John Jacob Rhodes (1916–2003)  | Law 1941  |  | [529]
Thomas Rice (1768–1854)  | College 1793  |  | [530]
William M. Richardson (1774–1838)  | College 1797  |  | [531]
Francis W. Rockwell (1844–1929)  | Law 1871  |  | [532]
John Jacob Rogers (1881–1925)  | College 1904  |  | [533]
Edward G. Rohrbough (1874–1956)  | GSAS 1906  |  | [534]
James Roosevelt (1907–1991)  | College 1930  |  | [535]
Nathaniel Ruggles (1761–1819)  | College 1781  |  | [536]
Richard M. Russell (1891–1977)  | College 1914  |  | [537]
Raul Ruiz (born 1972)  | HKS 2001, Medical 2001  |  | [76]
Leverett Saltonstall I (1783–1845)  | College 1802  |  | [538]
John Sarbanes (born 1962)  | Law 1988  |  | [539]
James H. Scheuer (1920–2005)  | Business 1943  |  | [540]
Adam Schiff (born 1960)  | Law 1985  |  | [541]
Pat Schroeder (born 1940)  | Law 1964  |  | [542]
Bobby Scott (born 1947)  | College 1969  |  | [543]
Ebenezer Seaver (1763–1844)  | College 1784  |  | [544]
John F. Seiberling (1918–2008)  | College 1941  |  | [545]
Joe Sestak (born 1951)  | HKS 1980; PhD 1984  |  | [546]
Terri Sewell (born 1965)  | Law 1992  |  | [76]
Samuel Sewall (1757–1812)  | College 1776  |  | [547]
Bob Shamansky (1927–2011)  | Law 1950  |  | [548]
Brad Sherman (born 1954)  | Law 1979  |  | [549]
Rob Simmons (born 1943)  | HKS 1979  |  | [550]
John Simpkins (1862–1898)  | College 1885  |  | [551]
Kenneth F. Simpson (1895–1941)  | Law 1922  |  | [552]
Josiah Smith (1738–1803)  | College 1774  |  | [553]
Peter Plympton Smith (born 1945)  | Education 1970  |  | [554]
William Henry Sowden (1840–1907)  | Law 1865  |  | [555]
Ambrose Spencer (1765–1848)  | College 1783  |  | [556]
Charles F. Sprague (1857–1902)  | College 1879  |  | [557]
William H. Stafford (1869–1957)  | Law 1893  |  | [558]
Harley O. Staggers Jr. (born 1951)  | College 1974  |  | [559]
James V. Stanton (born 1932)  | AMP 1984  |  | [560]
Asahel Stearns (1774–1839)  | College 1797  |  | [561]
Foster Waterman Stearns (1881–1956)  | GSAS 1906  |  | [562]
William Stedman (1765–1831)  | College 1784  |  | [563]
Elise Stefanik (born 1980)  | College 2006  |  | [76]
George R. Stobbs (1877–1966)  | College 1899  |  | [564]
Eben F. Stone (1822–1895)  | College 1843  |  | [565]
Bellamy Storer (1847–1922)  | College 1867  |  | [566]
Samuel S. Stratton (1916–1990)  | A.M. 1940  |  | [567]
George Sullivan (1771–1838)  | College 1790  |  |
Lorenzo De Medici Sweat (1818–1898)  | Law 1840  |  | [568]
William Irvin Swoope (1862–1930)  | Law 1886  |  | [569]
Mark Takano (born 1960)  | College 1983  |  | [76]
John J. Taylor (1808–1892)  | College 1829  |  | [570]
Nelson Taylor (1821–1894)  | Law 1860  |  | [571]
Scott Taylor (born 1979)  | Extension 2014  |  | [572]
Van Taylor (born 1972)  | College 1995, Business 2001  |  | [573]
Frank Tejeda (1945–1997)  | HKS 1980  |  | [574]
Samuel Tenney (1748–1816)  | College 1772  |  | [575]
George H. Tinkham (1870–1956)  | College 1894  |  | [576]
Thomas Chandler Thacher (1858–1945)  | College 1882  |  | [577]
George Thatcher (1754–1824)  | College 1776  |  | [578]
Samuel Thatcher (1776–1872)  | College 1793  |  | [579]
John A. Thayer (1857–1917)  | College 1879  |  | [580]
Pat Toomey (born 1961)  | College 1984  |  | [581]
Peter Torkildsen (born 1958)  | HKS 1990  |  | [582]
Jonathan Trumbull Jr. (1740–1809)  | College 1759  | Speaker of the United States House of Representatives | [583]
Charles Wentworth Upham (1802–1875)  | Divinity 1821  |  | [584]
George B. Upham (1768–1848)  | College 1789  |  | [585]
Jabez Upham (1764–1811)  | College 1785  |  | [586]
Chris Van Hollen (born 1959)  | HKS 1985  |  | [587]
Stephen Van Rensselaer (1764–1839)  | College 1782  |  | [588]
Richard Vander Veen (1922–2006)  | Law 1949  |  | [589]
Juan Vargas (born 1961)  | Law 1991  |  | [76]
John Varnum (1778–1836)  | College 1798  |  | [590]
Victor Veysey (1915–2001)  | Business 1938  |  | [591]
Roger Vose (1763–1841)  | College 1790  |  | [592]
Peleg Wadsworth (1748–1829)  | College 1769  |  | [593]
Robert Jarvis Cochran Walker (1838–1903)  | Law 1858  |  | [594]
Samuel H. Walley (1805–1877)  | College 1826  |  | [595]
Artemas Ward (1727–1800)  | College 1748  |  | [596]
Artemas Ward Jr. (1762–1847)  | College 1783  |  | [597]
Samuel L. Warner (1828–1893)  | Law 1854  |  | [598]
Vespasian Warner (1842–1925)  | Law 1868  |  | [599]
William W. Warren (1834–1880)  | College 1855  |  | [600]
Charles G. Washburn (1857–1928)  | College 1880  |  | [601]
Laurence Hawley Watres (1882–1964)  | Law 1907  |  | [602]
Steve Watkins (born 1976)  | Kennedy 2017  |  | [603]
Archibald J. Weaver (1843–1887)  | Law 1869  |  | [604]
Ed Weber (born 1931)  | Law 1956  |  | [605]
Charles W. Whalen Jr. (1920–2011)  | Business 1946  |  | [606]
Laban Wheaton (1754–1846)  | College 1774  |  | [607]
Leonard White (1767–1849)  | College 1787  |  | [608]
William Whiting (1813–1873)  | College 1833  |  | [609]
Richard B. Wigglesworth (1891–1960)  | College 1912  |  | [610]
Lemuel Williams (1747–1828)  | College 1765  |  | [611]
James Wilson I (1766–1839)  | College 1789  |  | [612]
John Wilson (1777–1848)  | College 1799  |  | [613]
Scott Wike (1834–1901)  | Law 1859  |  | [614]
Samuel Winslow (1862–1940)  | College 1885  |  | [615]
Robert Winthrop (1809–1894)  | College 1828  | Speaker of the United States House of Representatives | [616]
Samuel T. Worcester (1804–1882)  | College 1830  |  | [617]
John W. Wydler (1924–1987)  | Law 1950  |  | [618]
Chalmers Wylie (1920–1998)  | Law 1948  |  | [619]
Clarence Clifton Young (1922–2016)  | Law 1949  |  | [620]
Randy Fine (1974–)  | College 1996, MBA 1998  |  | [621]

## Other political figures

[edit]

Name  | Class year  | Notability  | Reference(s)

|
|
|

Michael G. Adams (born 1976)  | Law  | Secretary of State of the Commonwealth of Kentucky  |
Mahidol Adulyadej, Prince of Songkla (1892–1929), (from Siam, Thailand)  | Certificate in Public Health 1921, M.D. 1927  | Member of the House of Chakri, of Siam (Thailand); son of King Chulalongkorn of Siam; father of King Ananda Mahidol (Rama VIII) and King Bhumibol Adulyadej (Rama IX) of Thailand; regarded as the father of modern medicine and public health of Thailand  | [622][623][624]
Reg Alcock (1948–2011)  | KSG  | Member of House of Commons of Canada  |
Tabata Amaral (born 1993)  | College 2016  | Member of the Chamber of Deputies of Brazil | [625][626][627]
Jocelyn Benson (born 1977)  | J.D.  | Michigan Secretary of State | [628]
Murtaza Bhutto (1954–1996)  | B.A  | Former chairman of the Pakistan Peoples Party (Shaheed Bhutto) |
Sheikh Dr. Muhammad Sabah Al-Salem Al-Sabah (born 1955)  | PhD  | Son of late Emir of Kuwait, Sheikh Sabah III Al-Salim Al-Sabah; Ambassador of Kuwait to the United States from 1993 to 2003; Minister of Foreign Affairs of Kuwait from 2003 to 2011; current Deputy Prime Minister of Kuwait; his elder brother is Sheikh Salem Sabah Al-Salem Al-Sabah, former Defense and Interior Minister  | [622]
Emilio Sempris (born 1973)  | Sustainability 2021  | Former Minister of Environment of Panama  | [629]
Ray Atherton (1883–1960)  | College 1905  | First United States Ambassador to Canada |
Lalith Athulathmudali (1936–1993)  | Law  | Sri Lankan Minister of National Security, Minister of Education  |
Pierre Baillargeon (1812–1891)  | Medical  | Member of Senate of Canada  |
William Barnes Jr. (1866–1930)  | Harvard College (1888)  | Chairman of the New York Republican State Committee, member of the Republican National Committee | [630]
Sandy Berger (1945-2015)  | Law 1971  | United States National Security Advisor |
Ben Bernanke | College 1975  | Chair of the Federal Reserve |
Michael Bloomberg (born 1942)  | Business 1966  | Mayor of New York City |
Rizwan Ahmed | HKS  | Senior Pakistani civil servant  | [631]
Tariq Bajwa | HKS  | Governor of the State Bank of Pakistan | [632]
James Berry | Law  | Member of British Parliament  |
Julie Bishop (born 1956)  | Business, 1996  | Australian Minister for Foreign Affairs |
Julia Chang Bloch | Government, Grad School 1967  | United States Ambassador to Nepal (under President George H. W. Bush), the first US Ambassador of Asian origin |
André Boisclair (born 1966)  | HKS 2005  | Former leader of Parti Québécois |
Nick Boles (born 1965)  | HKS  | Member of British Parliament  |
Frederick William Borden (1847–1917)  | Medical 1868  | Member of House of Commons of Canada  |
Alvin Bragg (born 1973)  | College 1995; Law 1995  | New York County District Attorney, first to secure a conviction of a former U.S. president |
L. Paul Bremer (born 1941)  | Business 1966  | Ambassador  |
Zbigniew Brzezinski (born 1928)  | PhD 1953  | United States National Security Advisor |
Liam Byrne (born 1970)  | Business  | Member of British Parliament  |
L. Paul Bremer (born 1941)  | Business 1966  | Ambassador  |
Anna Escobedo Cabral (born 1959)  | HKS 1990  | Treasurer of the United States |
Pat Caddell | College 1972  | Pollster  |
Barry Campbell (born 1950)  | Law 1977  | Member of House of Commons of Canada  |
Dr. Pedro Albizu Campos (1891–1965)  | PhD
1921  | President of the Puerto Rican Nationalist Party; led the Puerto Rican Nationalist Party Revolts of the 1950s | [633][634]
Frank T. Caprio (born 1966)  | College 1988  | General Treasurer of Rhode Island |
Robert Cerasoli (born 1945)  | HKS 1988  | Massachusetts House of Representatives, Inspector General Commonwealth of Massachusetts, Inspector General New Orleans |
P. Chidambaram | HBS | Finance Minister of India  |
Newton Ramsay Colter (1844–1917)  | Medical 1867  | Member of House of Commons of Canada  |
John Cooper (born 1956)  | College  | Mayor of Nashville |
Ross Cranston (born 1948)  | Law 1973  | Member of British Parliament  |
Tom Daly (born 1954)  | College 1976  | California State Assemblyman, former Mayor of Anaheim, California |
David Davis (born 1948)  | Business 1985  | British politician  |
Nelson Antonio Denis | College 1977  | Former New York State Assemblyman  |
Louis-Léon Lesieur Desaulniers (1823–1896)  | College 1846  | Member of House of Commons of Canada  |
W. E. B. Du Bois (1868–1963)  | College 1890; A.M. 1891; PhD 1895  | Civil rights leader, African American studies scholar  |
Ralph Earle II | B.S. History 1950  | Chief negotiator of the SALT II arms control agreement  | [635]
Lucie Edwards | HKS 1984  | Canadian diplomat  |
William Ellery (1727–1780)  | College 1747  | Signer of United States Declaration of Independence |
Daniel Ellsberg (born 1931)  | College 1952; PhD 1963  | Leaker of the Pentagon Papers |
John English (born 1945)  | Ph.D 1973  | Member of House of Commons of Canada  |
Douglas Feith (born 1953)  | College 1975  | U.S. Under Secretary of Defense for Policy |
Andy Fillmore (born 1966)  | GSD 1995  | Member of House of Commons of Canada  |
Dudley Fishburn (born 1946)  | College  | Member of British Parliament  |
Michèle Flournoy (born 1960)  | College 1983  | Under Secretary of Defense for Policy of the United States  | [636]
Nigel Forman (born 1943)  | HKS  | Member of British Parliament  |
Chrystia Freeland (born 1968)  | College  | Member of House of Commons of Canada, Deputy Prime Minister of Canada  |
Richard Fuller |  | British Member of Parliament  |
Kate Gallego (born 1981)  | College 2004  | Mayor of Phoenix |
David Gergen (born 1942)  | Law 1967  | Advisor to four U.S. presidents |
Carl Gershman (born 1943)  | M. Education 1968  | U.N. Representative and National Endowment for Democracy President  |
Herman Goldner (1916–2010)  | MBA, c. 1947  | Mayor of St. Petersburg, Florida, 1961–67, 1971–73  | [637]
Richard N. Goodwin (born 1931)  | Law 1958  | Speechwriter for Kennedy and Johnson administrations; author  |
Jennifer Gordon | College 1987, Law 1992  | Founded the Workplace Project; associate professor at Fordham University School of Law |
Andy Fillmore (born 1966)  | GSD 1995  | Member of House of Commons of Canada  |
Jamie Gorelick (born 1950)  | College 1972; Law 1975  | Member of 9/11 Commission |
Barbara Greene (born 1945)  | KSG  | Member of House of Commons of Canada  |
John Hagelin (born 1954)  | PhD 1981  | Third-party presidential candidate  |
Charles Sumner Hamlin (1861–1938)  | College 1886  | Chair of the Federal Reserve |
Will Ford Hartnett (born 1956)  | College 1978  | Lawyer from Dallas; member of the Texas House of Representatives |
Hon. Howard E. Haugerud |  | American diplomat  |
Kerry Healey (born 1960)  | College 1982  | Lieutenant Governor of Massachusetts |
James M. Henderson (1921–1995)  | Advanced Management Program, Date missing  | Founder of top-ranked Henderson Advertising Agency of Greenville, South Carolina; Republican candidate for Lieutenant Governor of South Carolina in 1970  | [638]
Paul Heroux (born 1976)  | MPA 2011  | State Representative from Massachusetts  |
Thomas Wentworth Higginson (1823–1911)  | College 1841  | Author, abolitionist, Colonel |
Alger Hiss (1904–1996)  | Law 1929  | Accused of espionage on behalf of the Soviet Union |
Tom Hockin (born 1938)  | KSG  | Member of House of Commons of Canada  |
William Hooper (1742–1790)  | College 1760  | Signer of United States Declaration of Independence |
Ken Hughes (born 1954)  | KSG 1983  | Member of House of Commons of Canada  |
Rafael Hui (born 1948)  | HKS 1983  | Chief Secretary for Administration of Hong Kong |
Michael Ignatieff (born 1947)  | PhD History 1976  | Liberal Party of Canada leader of Her Majesty's loyal opposition; Member of Parliament; scholar; professor; author  |
Mohamad Al Ississ | College BA 2000, GSAS MA 2000, HKS MPAID 2007, HKS/GSAS PhD 2010  | Jordanian Minister of Finance |
Greville Janner (born 1928)  | Law  | Member, House of Lords |
William Jeffrey | PhD  | 13th Director, National Institute of Standards and Technology |
Pauline Jewett (1922–1992)  | Ph.D 1949  | Member of House of Commons of Canada  |
Eric Johnson (born 1975)  | College 1998  | Mayor of Dallas |
Henry Kaulback (1830–1896)  | College  | Member of Senate of Canada  |
Raymond W. Kelly (born 1940)  | HKS 1984  | New York City Police Commissioner |
Caroline Kennedy (born 1957)  | Radcliffe 1980  | Writer; daughter of John F. Kennedy; former US Ambassador to Japan |
Joseph P. Kennedy (1888–1969)  | College 1912  | Kennedy political family patriarch |
Max Kennedy Jr. (born 1993)  | College 2016  | political organizer, volunteer, whistleblower |
Alan Keyes (born 1950)  | College 1972; PhD 1979  | U.S. presidential candidate and Senatorial candidate  |
Marc Kielburger (born 1977)  | College 1999  | Canadian humanitarian and activist  |
Faik Konitza (1875–1942)  |  | Writer, Ambassador of Albania to the United States |
Philip Lader | Law  | United States Ambassador to the United Kingdom |
Anthony Lake (born 1939)  | College 1961  | United States National Security Advisor |
David Lammy (born 1972)  | Law 1994  | Member of British Parliament  |
Maurice Lamontagne (1917–1983)  | M.A.  | Member of Senate of Canada  |
Corliss Lamont (1905–1995)  | College 1924, professor  | ACLU director, humanist author  |
Horacio Rodríguez Larreta (born 1965)  | Business 1993  | Mayor of Buenos Aires |
Allan Leal (1917-1999)  | Law 1957  | President of the Empire Club of Canada; Dean of Osgoode Hall Law School |
Tobias Lear (1762–1816)  | College 1783  | George Washington's personal secretary  |
Dominic LeBlanc (born 1967)  | Law  | Member of House of Commons of Canada  |
Alfred Lefurgey (1871–1934)  | Law 1894  | Member of House of Commons of Canada  |
Charles Lemmond (1929–2012)  | A.B. 1952  | Pennsylvania State Senator  |
Lawrence B. Lindsey (born 1954)  | A.M. 1981; PhD 1985  | Economist, Director of the National Economic Council |
Ruthzee Louijeune (born 1987)  | JD and MPA 2014  | president of the Boston City Council | [639][640]
Donald Stovel Macdonald (born 1932)  | Law  | Member of House of Commons of Canada  |
Roderick MacFarquhar (born 1930)  | College 1955  | Member of British Parliament  |
Roy MacLaren (born 1934)  | AMP 1973  | Member of House of Commons of Canada  |
Cyrus Macmillan (1882–1953)  | Ph.D 1909  | Member of House of Commons of Canada  |
Tim Mahoney (born 1949)  | MHA 2005  | Mayor of Fargo, North Dakota |
Nabiel Makarim (born 1945)  | HKS 1984  | Indonesian Environmental Minister  |
Michael Marshall (1930–2006)  | Business 1960  | Member of British Parliament  |
Crown Princess Masako of Japan (born 1963)  | B.A.  | Consort of Crown Prince Naruhito, the first son of Emperor Akihito and Empress Michiko; member of the Imperial House of Japan through marriage  | [622]
Timothy Massad (born 1956)  | College 1978; Law 1984  | Corporate lawyer at Cravath, Swaine & Moore, U.S. Assistant Secretary of the Treasury for Financial Stability, nominee to chair the Commodity Futures Trading Commission | [641]
Dan Massey (1942–2013)  | Graduate 1969  | Sexual freedom scholar, religious philosopher, human rights activist, chief engineer at BBN Technologies, and senior scientist at Science Applications International Corporation |
Robert Charles Matthews (1871–1952)  | College 1902  | Member of House of Commons of Canada  |
Allan McAvity (1882–1944)  | College  | Member of House of Commons of Canada  |
Susan McCaw (born 1962)  | Business 1988  | US Ambassador to Austria, 2005–07  | [642]
Dan McCready (born 1983)  | Business 2011  | entrepreneur and candidate for US House of Representatives in North Carolina |
Ezekiel McLeod (1840–1920)  | Law 1867  | Member of House of Commons of Canada  |
Ken Mehlman (born 1967)  | Law 1991  | former chairman of the Republican National Committee |
David Miller (born 1958)  | Economics (undergrad) 1981  | Mayor of Toronto |
William Green Miller |  | United States Ambassador to Ukraine from 1993 to 1998  |
Rhodri Morgan (born 1939)  | HKS  | First Minister of Wales from 2000 to 2009  |
Daniel Mudd (born 1956)  | HKS 1986  | President and CEO of Fannie Mae |
Abul Maal Abdul Muhith (born 1934)  | Business  | Economist, diplomat, and language veteran and Finance minister of Bangladesh |
Kiraitu Murungi (born 1952)  | Law 1991  | Minister of Energy in Kenya |
Ephraim Bell Muttart (1839–1912)  | Medical 1861  | Member of House of Commons of Canada  |
Ralph Nader (born 1934)  | Law 1958  | Public advocate  |
Naheed Nenshi (born 1972)  | JFK School of Government 1998  | Mayor of Calgary |
Brooks Newmark (born 1958)  | College 1980  | Member of British Parliament  |
Archie Norman (born 1954)  | Business  | Member of British Parliament  |
Grover Norquist (born 1956)  | College 1978; Business 1981  | Activist  |
Michelle Obama (born 1964)  | Law 1988  | First Lady of the United States, Political Activist  | [643]
Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala (born 1954)  | College 1981  | Finance Minister of Nigeria, Foreign Affairs Minister of Nigeria |
Joe Oliver (born 1940)  | Business 1970  | Member of House of Commons of Canada  |
James Otis (1725–1783)  | College 1743; A.M. 1746  | Lawyer influential in American Revolution |
Samuel Allyne Otis
(1740–1814)  | College 1759  | 1st Secretary of the U.S. Senate  | [644]
Prince Ali-Reza Pahlavi, of Iran (Persia) (1966–2011)  | PhD student at the time of his death  | Member of the Pahlavi Imperial Family of Iran (Persia); younger son of the former Shah of Iran, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, and his third wife Empress Farah Pahlavi; second in order of succession to the Iranian throne before the Iranian Revolution | [622]
Robert Treat Paine (1731–1814)  | College 1749  | Signer of United States Declaration of Independence |
Francis Pangilinan (born 1963)  | HKS 1998  | Senator and the Majority Leader of the Senate of the Philippines |
Clay Pell |  | United States Department of Education official  | [645]
George Halsey Perley (1857–1938)  | College 1878  | Member of House of Commons of Canada  |
Claire Perry (born 1964)  | Business  | Member of British Parliament  |
José Piñera (born 1948)  | Economics, Grad School M.A. 1972, PhD 1974  | Chile Minister of Labor and Social Security; Minister of Mines (under President Augusto Pinochet) 1978–80; enacted world's first system of private retirement accounts; known as one of the Chicago Boys |
Loulan Pitre Jr. (born 1961)  | Undergraduate 1983, Law 1986  | New Orleans lawyer and former member of the Louisiana House of Representatives for Lafource Parish, Louisiana | [646]
Jesse Robredo (1958–2012)  | M.P.A. 1999  | Secretary of the Department of the Interior and Local Government of the Philippines |
Stuart Rabner (born 1960)  | Law 1984  | New Jersey State Attorney General  |
Mimi Rocah (born 1970)  | College 1992  | District Attorney for Westchester County | [647]
Franklin Raines (born 1949)  | College 1971; Law 1976  | Chairman and CEO of Fannie Mae |
Vivek Ramaswamy (born 1985)  | College 2007  | Candidate for president of the United States in 2024 |
Murray Rankin (born 1950)  | Law  | Member of House of Commons of Canada  |
Lois Rice (1933–2017)  | Radcliffe 1954  | Vice president of the College Board and architect of the Pell Grant | [648]
Rosa Gumataotao Rios (born 1966)  | College 1987  | Treasurer of the United States |
Maurice Roche, 4th Baron Fermoy (1885–1955)  | College 1909  | Member of British Parliament  |
Prince Sadruddin Aga Khan (1933–2003)  | College 1954  | Son of Aga Khan III, the 48th Imam of Nizari Ismailism; United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees from 1966 to 1978  | [622]
Muhammad Al-Sabah Al-Salem Al-Sabah (born 1958)  | Law  | Foreign Minister of Kuwait |
Surakiart Sathirathai (born 1958)  | Law  | Foreign Minister of Thailand |
G. David Schine (1927–1996)  | College 1949  | Entrepreneur, businessman, political activist  |
Klaus Schwab (born 1938)  | KSG 1967  | Founder and executive chairman of the World Economic Forum |
Jyotiraditya Scindia (born 1971)  | College 1993  | Indian Member of Parliament and Union Minister of State for IT and Communications |
Phyllis Schlafly (born 1924)  | Graduate School of Arts and Sciences 1945  | Political activist  |
Joel Herbert Seaverns (1860–1923)  | College 1881  | Member of British Parliament  |
Nancy Sherman | 1982  | Professor of Philosophy at Georgetown University, military ethicist  |
Faryar Shirzad (born 1966)  | HKS  | Advisor to U.S. President George W. Bush |
Bob Shrum (born 1943)  | Law 1968  | Political consultant |
Jayant Sinha (born 1963)  | Business, 1992  | Minister of State for Finance, Member of Parliament in the First Modi ministry, former managing director at Omidyar Network, former Partner at McKinsey & Company | [649]
Jose Solorio (born 1966)  | Public Policy  | California State Assemblyman |
Sven Spengemann (born 1966)  | Law  | Member of House of Commons of Canada  |
Steve Spinner | MBA  | Adviser to Obama Campaign, Department of Energy Official  |
Robert Stanfield (1914–2003)  | Law  | Member of House of Commons of Canada  |
Julian Steele (1906-1970)  | College 1929  | Massachusetts' first African-American town meeting moderator, state agency head  |
Jill Stein (born 1950)  | College 1973; Medical 1979  | 2012 and 2016 Green Party U.S. presidential nominee  |
Paul Stinchcombe (born 1962)  | Law  | Member of British Parliament  |
George William Strake Jr. (born 1935)  | MBA 1961  | Secretary of State of Texas, 1979–81; Republican state chairman, 1983–88; Houston businessman and philanthropist  | [650]
Subramanian Swamy (born 1939)  | Phd Economics 1965  | Former Indian Union Minister of Commerce and Industry |
Edita Tahiri (born 1956)  | HKS 2002  | Founder and leader of independence movement of Kosovo; Minister of Foreign Affairs of Kosovo 1991–2000; Deputy Prime Minister  |
Lorenzo M. Tañada (1898–1992)  | Law  | Philippine Senator, nationalist and civil libertarian  |
Tina Tchen (born 1956)  | College 1978  | Lawyer, Assistant to President Barack Obama; Chief of Staff to First Lady Michelle Obama; Executive Director of the White House Council on Women and Girls |
Peter Thurnham (1938–2010)  | Business 1969  | Member of British Parliament  |
Arthur Tremblay (1917–1996)  | M.Ed 1945  | Member of Senate of Canada  |
Sylvester Turner (1954–2025)  | Law 1980  | Mayor of Houston |
Thomas Tweedie (1871–1944)  | Law 1905  | Member of House of Commons of Canada  |
Bernardo Villegas | PhD in Economics  | Economist, presidential advisor, founder of the Center for Research and Communication, led a committee that drafted the 1987 Philippine Constitution  |
Paul Volcker (born 1927)  | HKS 1951  | Chairman of the Federal Reserve |
William Michael Wall (1911–1961)  | Ph.D 1954  | Member of Senate of Canada  |
Martha M. Walz (born 1953)  | HKS 2000  | Democratic member of the Massachusetts House of Representatives |
George F. Ward | M.P.A.  | Former United States Ambassador to Namibia | [651]
Joseph Warren (1741–1775)  | College 1759; A.M. 1762  | Physician, soldier, activist  | [652]
Princess Maria Carolina Christina of Bourbon-Parma, Duchess of Guernica and Marchioness of Sala (born 1974)  |  | Member of the Royal and Ducal House of Bourbon-Parma and Dutch Royal Family; fourth and youngest child of Princess Irene of the Netherlands and Carlos Hugo, Duke of Parma | [622]
Prince Radu of Romania (born 1960)  | Executive Program 2004  | Son-in-law of former King Michael I of Romania; in 1996 he married Princess Margarita of Romania, the king's eldest daughter and the Crown Princess of Romania, also known as the "Custodian of the Romanian Crown"  | [622]
Alexander Watson | College 1961  | Ambassador, diplomat  |
Kevin White | HKS 1957  | Mayor of Boston |
Dean Whiteway (born 1944)  | M.A.  | Member of House of Commons of Canada  |
Anthony A. Williams | HKS, Law 1987  | Mayor of Washington, DC |
Gita Wirjawan | HKS, 2000  | Minister of Trade of Indonesia  |
James Wolfensohn (born 1933)  | Business 1959  | Ninth President of the World Bank |
Yam Ah Mee (born 1957)  | Business  | Returning Officer, Singaporean general election, 2011, former Brigadier General in the Republic of Singapore Air Force |
Valerie Johnson Zachary (born 1962)  | Law J.D. cum laude 1987  | Associate Judge of the North Carolina Court of Appeals, 2015-present  | [653]
Robert Zoellick (born 1953)  | Law 1979; HKS 1981  | Eleventh President of the World Bank |
Shpend Ahmeti (born 1978)  | 2004.; HKS Public Administration  | Mayor of Prishtina  |
William Williams (1731–1811)  | College 1751  | Signer of United States Declaration of Independence |
Michelle Wu (born 1985)  | College 2007, J.D. 2012  | Mayor of Boston | [654][655]
Hastings Wyman (born 1939)  | Bachelor of Arts 1961  | Political consultant, author, journalist, publisher of The Southern Political Report | [656]
René Castro (born 1957)  | MPA, PHD  | FAO Assistant Director General (ADG) of Climate, Biodiversity, Land and Water Department  | [657]
Wang Dan (born 1969)  | Ph.D. in history 2008  | Chinese dissident and student leader in the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989 | [658]
Clara Chou (born 1953)  | Master of Public Administration 1987  | Taiwanese journalist, television and radio personality  | [659]
Sun Chanthol (born 1956)  | Master's in Public Administration  | Cambodian Minister of Public Works and Transport  |
Lin Yi-hsiung (born 1941)  | Master of Public Administration 1987  | Former Chairman of the Taiwan's Democratic Progressive Party | [660]
Miguel Braun (born 1973)  | Master and Ph.D. in Economics 2001  | Secretary of Commerce (2015-2018) and Secretary of Economic Policy (2018-2019) of Argentina.  | [661]
Lee Jun-seok (born 1985)  | B.A  | Former Leader of the People Power Party of South Korea  | [662]
Kostas Bakoyiannis (born 1978)  | MPA  | Former Mayor of Athens |
Peter Navarro (born 1949)  | PhD  | Counselor to the President of the USA  |
Liu He (born 1952)  | MPA  | Former Vice Premier of the State Council of the People's Republic of China |
Leopoldo López (born 1971)  | Master of Public Policy in HKS 1996  | Venezuelan former Mayor of Chacao and leader of Popular Will |
Lobsang Sangay (born 1963)  | LLM  | Sikyong of the Central Tibetan Administration |
Abraham Katz (1938–2010)  | PhD  | Ambassador of the United States to the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development  |
Alan Bersin (born 1946)  | BA  | Commissioner of U.S. Customs and Border Protection |
José Manuel García-Margallo y Marfil (born 1944)  | LLM (1972)  | Former Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Kingdom of Spain and former Member of the European Parliament |

## See also

[edit]

* List of Harvard University non-graduate alumni

## References

[edit]

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174. ^ "GURNEY, Edward John – Biographical Information". Bioguide.congress.gov. Retrieved April 4, 2012.
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177. ^ "HATHAWAY, William Dodd – Biographical Information". Bioguide.congress.gov. Retrieved April 4, 2012.
178. ^ "HEINZ, Henry John, III – Biographical Information". Bioguide.congress.gov. Retrieved April 4, 2012.
179. ^ United States Congress. "HIGGINS, Anthony (id: H000577)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
180. ^ United States Congress. "HOAR, George Frisbie (id: H000654)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
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182. ^ United States Congress. "HUNTER, Richard Charles (id: H000987)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
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193. ^ "LEVIN, Carl – Biographical Information". Bioguide.congress.gov. Retrieved April 4, 2012.
194. ^ United States Congress. "LLOYD, James (id: L000378)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
195. ^ "LODGE, Henry Cabot – Biographical Information". Bioguide.congress.gov. November 9, 1924. Retrieved April 4, 2012.
196. ^ "LODGE, Henry Cabot Jr. – Biographical Information". Bioguide.congress.gov. Retrieved April 4, 2012.
197. ^ United States Congress. "MARSTON, Gilman (id: M000165)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
198. ^ "MATSUNAGA, Spark Masayuki – Biographical Information". Bioguide.congress.gov. Retrieved April 4, 2012.
199. ^ United States Congress. "McSALLY, Martha (id: M001197)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
200. ^ United States Congress. "MELLEN, Prentiss (id: M000636)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
201. ^ United States Congress. "NOURSE, Amos (id: N000162)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
202. ^ "OTIS, Harrison Gray – Biographical Information". Bioguide.congress.gov. Retrieved April 4, 2012.
203. ^ United States Congress. "PAINE, Elijah (id: P000026)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
204. ^ United States Congress. "PASCO, Samuel (id: P000095)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
205. ^ United States Congress. "PENROSE, Boies (id: P000217)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
206. ^ "PEPPER, Claude Denson – Biographical Information". Bioguide.congress.gov. Retrieved April 4, 2012.
207. ^ United States Congress. "PICKERING, Timothy (id: P000324)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
208. ^ "PRESSLER, Larry Lee – Biographical Information". Bioguide.congress.gov. Retrieved April 4, 2012.
209. ^ "PROXMIRE, William – Biographical Information". Bioguide.congress.gov. Retrieved April 4, 2012.
210. ^ United States Congress. "RANTOUL, Robert, Jr. (id: R000063)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
211. ^ "REED, John F. (Jack) – Biographical Information". Bioguide.congress.gov. Retrieved April 4, 2012.
212. ^ "ROCKEFELLER, John Davison IV (Jay) – Biographical Information". Bioguide.congress.gov. Retrieved April 4, 2012.
213. ^ "ROMNEY, Willard Mitt (Mitt) – Biographical Information". Bioguide.congress.gov. Retrieved October 11, 2021.
214. ^ "ROTH, William Victor Jr. – Biographical Information". Bioguide.congress.gov. Retrieved April 4, 2012.
215. ^ United States Congress. "SACKETT, Frederic Mosley (id: S000006)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
216. ^ "SALTONSTALL, Leverett – Biographical Information". Bioguide.congress.gov. Retrieved April 4, 2012.
217. ^ "SARBANES, Paul Spyros – Biographical Information". Bioguide.congress.gov. Retrieved April 4, 2012.
218. ^ United States Congress. "Ben Sasse (id: S001197)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
219. ^ United States Congress. "SAWYER, Frederick Adolphus (id: S000086)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
220. ^ "SCHMITT, Harrison Hagan – Biographical Information". Bioguide.congress.gov. Retrieved April 4, 2012.
221. ^ "SCHUMER, Charles Ellis (Chuck) – Biographical Information". Bioguide.congress.gov. Retrieved April 4, 2012.
222. ^ United States Congress. "SHEAFE, James (id: S000312)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
223. ^ United States Congress. "SHEFFIELD, William Paine (id: S000319)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
224. ^ "SMITH, Benjamin A. II – Biographical Information". Bioguide.congress.gov. Retrieved April 4, 2012.
225. ^ United States Congress. "SPRAGUE, Peleg (id: S000744)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
226. ^ "STEVENS, Theodore Fulton (Ted) – Biographical Information". Bioguide.congress.gov. Retrieved April 4, 2012.
227. ^ "STEVENSON, Adlai Ewing III – Biographical Information". Bioguide.congress.gov. Retrieved April 4, 2012.
228. ^ "STONE, Richard Bernard – Biographical Information". Bioguide.congress.gov. Retrieved April 4, 2012.
229. ^ United States Congress. "Daniel Sullivan (id: S001198)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
230. ^ "SUMNER, Charles – Biographical Information". Bioguide.congress.gov. Retrieved April 4, 2012.
231. ^ "SUNUNU, John E. – Biographical Information". Bioguide.congress.gov. Retrieved April 4, 2012.
232. ^ United States Congress. "TAFT, Kingsley Arter (id: T000008)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
233. ^ "TAFT, Robert Alphonso – Biographical Information". Bioguide.congress.gov. Retrieved April 4, 2012.
234. ^ "TAFT, Robert Jr. – Biographical Information". Bioguide.congress.gov. Retrieved April 4, 2012.
235. ^ United States Congress. "THOMPSON, Thomas Weston (id: T000220)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
236. ^ "TOOMEY, Patrick Joseph – Biographical Information". Bioguide.congress.gov. Retrieved April 4, 2012.
237. ^ "TORRICELLI, Robert Guy – Biographical Information". Bioguide.congress.gov. Retrieved April 4, 2012.
238. ^ United States Congress. "TRUMBULL, Jonathan, Jr. (id: T000389)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
239. ^ "TSONGAS, Paul Efthemios – Biographical Information". Bioguide.congress.gov. Retrieved April 4, 2012.
240. ^ "VITTER, David – Biographical Information". Bioguide.congress.gov. Retrieved April 4, 2012.
241. ^ "Sen. Warren CV" (PDF). Retrieved March 22, 2014.
242. ^ United States Congress. "WEEKS, Sinclair (id: W000248)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
243. ^ United States Congress. "WINGATE, Paine (id: W000633)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
244. ^ United States Congress. "WINTHROP, Robert Charles (id: W000646)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
245. ^ "WIRTH, Timothy E. – Biographical Information". Bioguide.congress.gov. Retrieved April 4, 2012.
246. ^ United States Congress. "WOFFORD, Thomas Albert (id: W000666)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
247. ^ United States Congress. "WOLCOTT, Edward Oliver (id: W000667)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
248. ^ "WYMAN, Louis Crosby – Biographical Information". Bioguide.congress.gov. Retrieved April 4, 2012.
249. ^ United States Congress. "ADAMS, Charles Francis (id: A000032)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
250. ^ United States Congress. "ADAMS, George Everett (id: A000034)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
251. ^ "Adler, John H., (1959–2011)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. United States Congress. Retrieved October 17, 2011.
252. ^ United States Congress. "ALDRICH, Richard Steere (id: A000084)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
253. ^ United States Congress. "(id: A000136)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
254. ^ "Allen, Thomas H., (1945 – )". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. United States Congress. Retrieved October 17, 2011.
255. ^ United States Congress. "ANDREW, Abram Piatt, Jr. (id: A000240)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
256. ^ United States Congress. "ANDREW, John Forrester (id: A000242)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
257. ^ United States Congress. "AMES, Fisher (id: A000174)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
258. ^ "Anderson, John Bayard, (1922 – )". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. United States Congress. Retrieved October 17, 2011.
259. ^ "ASHBROOK, John Milan – Biographical Information". Bioguide.congress.gov. Retrieved April 4, 2012.
260. ^ United States Congress. "ATHERTON, Charles Humphrey (id: A000324)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
261. ^ "Meet Jake". jakeforma.com. Retrieved July 19, 2022.
262. ^ United States Congress. "BACON, Robert Low (id: B000019)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
263. ^ United States Congress. "BAKEWELL, Charles Montague (id: B000079)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
264. ^ United States Congress. "BALDWIN, Joseph Clark (id: B000093)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
265. ^ United States Congress. "BALLENTINE, John Goff (id: B000105)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
266. ^ United States Congress. "BARKER, David, Jr. (id: B000143)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
267. ^ "BARROW, John – Biographical Information". Bioguide.congress.gov. October 31, 1955. Retrieved April 4, 2012.
268. ^ United States Congress. "BARROWS, Samuel June (id: B000186)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
269. ^ United States Congress. "BARTLETT, Franklin (id: B000202)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
270. ^ United States Congress. "BASS, Perkins (id: B000222)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
271. ^ United States Congress. "BATES, William Henry (id: B000239)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
272. ^ "BEILENSON, Anthony Charles – Biographical Information". Bioguide.congress.gov. Retrieved April 4, 2012.
273. ^ United States Congress. "BELMONT, Perry (id: B000353)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
274. ^ "BEREUTER, Douglas Kent – Biographical Information". Bioguide.congress.gov. Retrieved April 4, 2012.
275. ^ United States Congress. "BINNEY, Horace (id: B000475)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
276. ^ United States Congress. "BOLTON, Chester Castle (id: B000606)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
277. ^ United States Congress. "BOLTON, Oliver Payne (id: B000608)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
278. ^ United States Congress. "BOURNE, Benjamin (id: B000669)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
279. ^ United States Congress. "BOURNE, Shearjashub (id: B000671)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
280. ^ United States Congress. "BOUTELL, Henry Sherman (id: B000672)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
281. ^ United States Congress. "BOWEN, David Reece (id: B000682)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
282. ^ United States Congress. "BOWMAN, Selwyn Zadock (id: B000705)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
283. ^ United States Congress. "BRADBURY, George (id: B000733)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
284. ^ United States Congress. "BRADBURY, Theophilus (id: B000735)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
285. ^ "BRADEMAS, John – Biographical Information". Bioguide.congress.gov. Retrieved April 4, 2012.
286. ^ United States Congress. "BRENNAN, Vincent Morrison (id: B000800)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
287. ^ United States Congress. "BROMBERG, Frederick George (id: B000864)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
288. ^ United States Congress. "BROMWELL, James Edward (id: B000867)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
289. ^ United States Congress. "BROOKS, George Merrick (id: B000879)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
290. ^ United States Congress. "BROWN, Anthony Gregory (id: B001304)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
291. ^ United States Congress. "BROWN, Clarence J., Jr. (id: B000910)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
292. ^ United States Congress. "BROWN, Lathrop (id: B000937)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
293. ^ United States Congress. "BRUMBAUGH, Clement Laird (id: B000975)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
294. ^ United States Congress. "BUCK, Frank Henry (id: B001017)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
295. ^ United States Congress. "BULL, Melville (id: B001048)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
296. ^ United States Congress. "BULLARD, Henry Adams (id: B001049)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
297. ^ United States Congress. "BURLINGAME, Anson (id: B001112)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
298. ^ United States Congress. "BURNES, James Nelson (id: B001116)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
299. ^ United States Congress. "BURNES, Daniel Dee (id: B001115)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
300. ^ United States Congress. "BURNETT, Edward (id: B001119)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
301. ^ United States Congress. "BUTLER, Josiah (id: B001181)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
302. ^ "CAMPBELL, Thomas J. – Biographical Information". Bioguide.congress.gov. Retrieved April 4, 2012.
303. ^ United States Congress. "CAPUTO, Bruce Faulkner (id: C000137)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
304. ^ United States Congress. "CATLIN, Theron Ephron (id: C000252)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
305. ^ United States Congress. "CHAMBERLAIN, John Curtis (id: C000279)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
306. ^ United States Congress. "CHAPIN, Alfred Clark (id: C000304)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
307. ^ United States Congress. "CHIPERFIELD, Robert Bruce (id: C000365)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
308. ^ United States Congress. "CITRON, William Michael (id: C000397)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
309. ^ United States Congress. "CLARK, Henry Alden (id: C000433)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
310. ^ United States Congress. "CLARK, John Bullock, Jr. (id: C000442)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
311. ^ United States Congress. "CLIFT, Joseph Wales (id: C000519)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
312. ^ United States Congress. "COBB, David (id: C000545)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
313. ^ United States Congress. "COGSWELL, William (id: C000595)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
314. ^ United States Congress. "COIT, Joshua (id: C000600)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
315. ^ United States Congress. "COLLINS, James Mitchell (id: C000638)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
316. ^ United States Congress. "COLLINS, Patrick Andrew (id: C000641)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
317. ^ United States Congress. "CONLAN, John Bertrand (id: C000682)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
318. ^ "COOK, Merrill – Biographical Information". Bioguide.congress.gov. Retrieved April 4, 2012.
319. ^ "COOPER, James Hayes Shofner – Biographical Information". Bioguide.congress.gov. Retrieved April 4, 2012.
320. ^ United States Congress. "COPPERSMITH, Samuel G. (id: C000767)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
321. ^ United States Congress. "COUGHLIN, Clarence Dennis (id: C000806)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
322. ^ United States Congress. "COUGHLIN, Robert Lawrence (id: C000807)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
323. ^ "COX, Charles Christopher – Biographical Information". Bioguide.congress.gov. Retrieved April 4, 2012.
324. ^ United States Congress. "COYNE, James Kitchenman, III (id: C000845)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
325. ^ United States Congress. "CRAMER, William Cato (id: C000869)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
326. ^ United States Congress. "CRENSHAW, Daniel (id: C001120)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
327. ^ "CRONIN, Paul William – Biographical Information". Bioguide.congress.gov. Retrieved April 4, 2012.
328. ^ United States Congress. "CROWTHER, Frank (id: C000948)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
329. ^ United States Congress. "CURRY, Jabez Lamar Monroe (id: C001003)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
330. ^ United States Congress. "Laurence Curtis (id: C001011)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
331. ^ United States Congress. "CUSHMAN, Joshua (id: C001020)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
332. ^ United States Congress. "CUTTS, Richard (id: C001033)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
333. ^ United States Congress. "DALLINGER, Frederick William (id: D000012)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
334. ^ United States Congress. "DANE, Joseph (id: D000026)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
335. ^ United States Congress. "DANFORTH, Henry Gold (id: D000029)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
336. ^ United States Congress. "DAVENPORT, Samuel Arza (id: D000077)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
337. ^ "DAVIS, Artur – Biographical Information". Bioguide.congress.gov. Archived from the original on March 10, 2013. Retrieved April 4, 2012.
338. ^ United States Congress. "DAVIS, George Thomas (id: D000101)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
339. ^ United States Congress. "DAVIS, Horace (id: D000105)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
340. ^ United States Congress. "DAVIS, Jacob Erastus (id: D000108)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
341. ^ United States Congress. "DAVIS, Robert T (id: D000130)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
342. ^ United States Congress. "DAWSON, John (id: D000151)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
343. ^ United States Congress. "DEITRICK, Frederick Simpson (id: D000201)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
344. ^ United States Congress. "DELGADO, Antonio (id: D000630)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
345. ^ United States Congress. "DEMING, Henry Champion (id: D000227)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
346. ^ United States Congress. "DENNIS, David Worth (id: D000241)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
347. ^ United States Congress. "DENTON, Winfield Kirkpatrick (id: D000260)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
348. ^ United States Congress. "DOUGLAS, Albert (id: D000449)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
349. ^ United States Congress. "DOW, John Goodchild (id: D000462)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
350. ^ United States Congress. "DUFFY, James Patrick Bernard (id: D000519)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
351. ^ United States Congress. "DUNCAN, James Henry (id: D000532)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
352. ^ United States Congress. "DURNO, Edwin Russell (id: D000575)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
353. ^ "EDWARDS, Thomas Chester (Chet) – Biographical Information". Bioguide.congress.gov. Retrieved April 4, 2012.
354. ^ United States Congress. "ELLIS, Caleb (id: E000130)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
355. ^ United States Congress. "ELIOT, Samuel Atkins (id: E000105)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
356. ^ United States Congress. "ELIOT, Thomas Hopkinson (id: E000107)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
357. ^ United States Congress. "ERDAHL, Arlen Ingolf (id: E000198)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
358. ^ United States Congress. "ESTY, Elizabeth (id: E000293)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
359. ^ United States Congress. "EUSTIS, George, Jr. (id: E000228)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
360. ^ United States Congress. "EVERETT, William (id: E000269)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
361. ^ United States Congress. "FEARING, Paul (id: F000054)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
362. ^ United States Congress. "FEIGHAN, Michael Aloysius (id: F000060)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
363. ^ United States Congress. "FISH, Hamilton (id: F000142)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
364. ^ United States Congress. "FISH, Hamilton, Jr. (id: F000141)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
365. ^ United States Congress. "FISHER, Joseph Lyman (id: F000151)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
366. ^ United States Congress. "FLEETWOOD, Frederick Gleed (id: F000194)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
367. ^ United States Congress. "FOSS, George Edmund (id: F000295)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
368. ^ United States Congress. "FOSTER, Abiel (id: F000297)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
369. ^ United States Congress. "FRANCIS, George Blinn (id: F000335)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
370. ^ "FRANK, Barney – Biographical Information". Bioguide.congress.gov. March 31, 1940. Retrieved April 4, 2012.
371. ^ United States Congress. "FRANK, Nathan (id: F000340)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
372. ^ United States Congress. "FREEMAN, Nathaniel, Jr. (id: F000365)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
373. ^ United States Congress. "FREEMAN, Richard Patrick (id: F000366)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
374. ^ United States Congress. "FROTHINGHAM, Louis Adams (id: F000395)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
375. ^ United States Congress. "FULTON, James Grove (id: F000422)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
376. ^ United States Congress. "GALLIVAN, James Ambrose (id: G000024)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
377. ^ United States Congress. "GANNETT, Barzillai (id: G000039)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
378. ^ United States Congress. "GANSON, John (id: G000042)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
379. ^ United States Congress. "GARDNER, Augustus Peabody (id: G000050)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
380. ^ United States Congress. "GARDNER, Francis (id: G000052)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
381. ^ "GILLETT, Frederick Huntington – Biographical Information". Bioguide.congress.gov. Retrieved April 4, 2012.
382. ^ United States Congress. "GILMAN, Charles Jervis (id: G000213)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
383. ^ United States Congress. "GOMEZ, Jimmy (id: G000585)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
384. ^ United States Congress. "GORDON, William (id: G000318)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
385. ^ United States Congress. "GORHAM, Benjamin (id: G000324)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
386. ^ United States Congress. "GOTTHEIMER, Josh S. (id: G000583)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
387. ^ United States Congress. "GRADISON, Willis David, Jr. (id: G000349)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
388. ^ "GRANDY, Frederick Lawrence – Biographical Information". Bioguide.congress.gov. Retrieved April 4, 2012.
389. ^ "GRAYSON, Alan – Biographical Information". Bioguide.congress.gov. Retrieved April 4, 2012.
390. ^ United States Congress. "GREEN, Isaiah Lewis (id: G000413)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
391. ^ United States Congress. "GREEN, Sedgwick William (Bill) (id: G000417)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
392. ^ United States Congress. "HALL, Willard (id: H000076)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
393. ^ United States Congress. "HARDER, Josh (id: H001090)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
394. ^ "HARMAN, Jane L. – Biographical Information". Bioguide.congress.gov. Retrieved April 4, 2012.
395. ^ United States Congress. "Michael J. Harrington (id: H000230)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
396. ^ United States Congress. "HARRIS, Benjamin Winslow (id: H000233)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
397. ^ "HARRIS, Katherine – Biographical Information". Bioguide.congress.gov. Retrieved April 4, 2012.
398. ^ United States Congress. "HARRIS, Robert Orr (id: H000251)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
399. ^ United States Congress. "HARRISON, Frank Girard (id: H000269)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
400. ^ United States Congress. "HARTRIDGE, Julian (id: H000303)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
401. ^ United States Congress. "HASTINGS, Seth (id: H000331)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
402. ^ United States Congress. "HASTINGS, William Soden (id: H000332)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
403. ^ United States Congress. "HAVEN, Nathaniel Appleton (id: H000354)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
404. ^ United States Congress. "HAYDEN, Edward Daniel (id: H000386)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
405. ^ "PR-AL: Pablo José Hernández Rivera (D)". The Well News. November 6, 2024. Retrieved January 3, 2024.
406. ^ United States Congress. "HESELTON, John Walter (id: H000549)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved April 25, 2020.
407. ^ "HIGGINS, Brian – Biographical Information". Bioguide.congress.gov. Retrieved April 4, 2012.
408. ^ United States Congress. "HIGGINS, John Patrick (id: H000579)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
409. ^ United States Congress. "HILL, John Boynton Philip Clayton (id: H000597)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
410. ^ "HIMES, James A. – Biographical Information". Bioguide.congress.gov. Retrieved April 4, 2012.
411. ^ United States Congress. "HOAR, Rockwood (id: H000655)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
412. ^ United States Congress. "HOAR, Samuel (id: H000656)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
413. ^ United States Congress. "HOAR, Sherman (id: H000657)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
414. ^ United States Congress. "HOLLISTER, John Baker (id: H000728)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
415. ^ "HOLTZMAN, Elizabeth – Biographical Information". Bioguide.congress.gov. Retrieved April 4, 2012.
416. ^ United States Congress. "HOOKER, Charles Edward (id: H000758)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
417. ^ "HORN, John Stephen (Steve) – Biographical Information". Bioguide.congress.gov. Retrieved April 4, 2012.
418. ^ United States Congress. "HOUGHTON, Alanson Bigelow (id: H000813)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
419. ^ "HOUGHTON, Amory Jr. – Biographical Information". Bioguide.congress.gov. Retrieved April 4, 2012.
420. ^ United States Congress. "HOWLAND, Leonard Paul (id: H000871)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
421. ^ "HUFFINGTON, Michael – Biographical Information". Bioguide.congress.gov. Retrieved April 4, 2012.
422. ^ United States Congress. "HULBERT, John Whitefield (id: H000935)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
423. ^ United States Congress. "HULL, Morton Denison (id: H000944)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
424. ^ United States Congress. "HUNGATE, William Leonard (id: H000965)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
425. ^ United States Congress. "HUNT, Carleton (id: H000969)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
426. ^ United States Congress. "JARMAN, John (id: J000057)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
427. ^ United States Congress. "JARVIS, Leonard (id: J000062)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
428. ^ "JEFFERSON, William Jennings – Biographical Information". Bioguide.congress.gov. Retrieved April 4, 2012.
429. ^ United States Congress. "JENKINS, Albert Gallatin (id: J000081)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
430. ^ "JOHNSON, Nancy Lee – Biographical Information". Bioguide.congress.gov. Retrieved April 4, 2012.
431. ^ United States Congress. "JONES, Thomas Laurens (id: J000253)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
432. ^ United States Congress. "KEAN, Robert Winthrop (id: K000029)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
433. ^ United States Congress. "KENDALL, Joseph Gowing (id: K000094)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
434. ^ "KENNELLY, Barbara Bailey – Biographical Information". Bioguide.congress.gov. Retrieved April 4, 2012.
435. ^ United States Congress. "KERR, John Bozman (id: K000137)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
436. ^ "KILEY, Kevin – Biographical Information". Bioguide.congress.gov. Retrieved July 24, 2024.
437. ^ "KIND, Ron – Biographical Information". Bioguide.congress.gov. Retrieved April 4, 2012.
438. ^ United States Congress. "KING, Daniel Putnam (id: K000198)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
439. ^ "KING, James Gore – Biographical Information". Bioguide.congress.gov. Retrieved April 4, 2012.
440. ^ United States Congress. "KINSLEY, Martin (id: K000230)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
441. ^ United States Congress. "KLEIN, Herbert C. (id: K000262)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
442. ^ United States Congress. "KNOX, Samuel (id: K000297)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
443. ^ United States Congress. "KRAMER, Kenneth Bentley (id: K000322)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
444. ^ United States Congress. "KRISHNAMOORTHI, S. Raja (id: K000391)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
445. ^ United States Congress. "KUNKEL, John Crain (id: K000341)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
446. ^ United States Congress. "KYROS, Peter Nicholas (id: K000356)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
447. ^ United States Congress. "LANDSMAN, Greg (id: L000601)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved September 29, 2023.
448. ^ "LANGEVIN, James – Biographical Information". Bioguide.congress.gov. Retrieved April 4, 2012.
449. ^ United States Congress. "LANHAM, Henderson Lovelace (id: L000077)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
450. ^ United States Congress. "John LeBoutillier (id: L000547)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
451. ^ United States Congress. "LEE, Silas (id: L000204)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
452. ^ United States Congress. "LEONARD, George (id: L000246)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
453. ^ "LEONARD, John Edwards – Biographical Information". Bioguide.congress.gov. Retrieved April 4, 2012.
454. ^ United States Congress. "LEVIN, Andy (id: L000592)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
455. ^ "LEVIN, Sander Martin – Biographical Information". Bioguide.congress.gov. September 6, 1931. Retrieved April 4, 2012.
456. ^ United States Congress. "LEVINE, Meldon Edises (id: L000264)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
457. ^ United States Congress. "LEWIS, Lawrence (id: L000291)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
458. ^ United States Congress. "LITTAUER, Lucius Nathan (id: L000347)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
459. ^ United States Congress. "LOCKE, John (id: L000388)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
460. ^ United States Congress. "LONGFELLOW, Stephen (id: L000430)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
461. ^ "LONGWORTH, Nicholas – Biographical Information". Bioguide.congress.gov. Retrieved April 4, 2012.
462. ^ United States Congress. "LORING, George Bailey (id: L000445)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
463. ^ United States Congress. "LYMAN, Theodore (id: L000529)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
464. ^ "LYNCH, Stephen F. – Biographical Information". Bioguide.congress.gov. Retrieved April 4, 2012.
465. ^ United States Congress. "LYNDE, William Pitt (id: L000538)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
466. ^ United States Congress. "MACDONALD, Torbert Hart (id: M000005)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
467. ^ United States Congress. "MACY, William Kingsland (id: M000037)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
468. ^ United States Congress. "MAGEE, Walter Warren (id: M000049)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
469. ^ United States Congress. "MAGUIRE, Gene Andrew (id: M000058)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
470. ^ United States Congress. "MAHANY, Rowland Blennerhassett (id: M000062)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
471. ^ "MALONEY, James H. – Biographical Information". Bioguide.congress.gov. Retrieved April 4, 2012.
472. ^ United States Congress. "MANN, David Scott (id: M000100)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
473. ^ United States Congress. "MAST, Brian Jeffery (id: M001199)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
474. ^ "MATHESON, James David (Jim) – Biographical Information". Bioguide.congress.gov. Retrieved April 4, 2012.
475. ^ United States Congress. "MAYNE, Wiley (id: M000286)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
476. ^ United States Congress. "MAZZOLI, Romano Louis (id: M000291)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
477. ^ United States Congress. "McCORMICK, Washington Jay (id: M000373)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
478. ^ United States Congress. "McCOY, Walter Irving (id: M000376)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
479. ^ United States Congress. "Ward Miller (id: M000759)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
480. ^ United States Congress. "MILLS, Wilbur Daigh (id: M000778)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
481. ^ United States Congress. "MINNICK, Walt (id: M001175)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
482. ^ United States Congress. "MITCHELL, Nahum (id: M000824)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
483. ^ United States Congress. "MITCHELL, Thomas Rothmaler (id: M000829)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
484. ^ United States Congress. "MONAGAN, John Stephen (id: M000847)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
485. ^ "MOODY, Jim – Biographical Information". Bioguide.congress.gov. Retrieved April 4, 2012.
486. ^ United States Congress. "MOOLENAAR, John (id: M001194)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
487. ^ United States Congress. "MOORHEAD, William Singer (id: M000930)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
488. ^ United States Congress. "MORRIS, Edward Joy (id: M000975)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
489. ^ United States Congress. "MORSE, Isaac Edward (id: M001011)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
490. ^ United States Congress. "MOSIER, Harold Gerard (id: M001032)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
491. ^ United States Congress. "MOTT, Luther Wright (id: M001041)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
492. ^ "MURPHY, Scott – Biographical Information". Bioguide.congress.gov. Retrieved April 4, 2012.
493. ^ United States Congress. "NAPHEN, Henry Francis (id: N000004)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
494. ^ United States Congress. "NOLAND, James Ellsworth (id: N000129)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
495. ^ United States Congress. "O'CONNELL, Joseph Francis (id: O000026)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
496. ^ United States Congress. "O'CONNOR, John Joseph (id: O000030)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
497. ^ United States Congress. "OSGOOD, Gayton Pickman (id: O000115)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
498. ^ United States Congress. "OTTINGER, Richard Lawrence (id: O000134)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
499. ^ United States Congress. "OUTLAND, George Elmer (id: O000137)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
500. ^ United States Congress. "OWEN, Allen Ferdinand (id: O000148)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
501. ^ United States Congress. "PALFREY, John Gorham (id: P000033)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
502. ^ United States Congress. "PAPPAS, Chris (id: P000614)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
503. ^ United States Congress. "PARKER, Isaac (id: P000058)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
504. ^ United States Congress. "PARKS, Gorham (id: P000074)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
505. ^ United States Congress. "PARTRIDGE, George (id: P000092)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
506. ^ United States Congress. "PERKINS, John, Jr. (id: P000236)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
507. ^ "PERRY, William Hayne – Biographical Information". Bioguide.congress.gov. July 7, 1902. Retrieved April 4, 2012.
508. ^ United States Congress. "PETERS, Andrew James (id: P000251)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
509. ^ "PETRI, Thomas Evert – Biographical Information". Bioguide.congress.gov. May 28, 1940. Retrieved April 4, 2012.
510. ^ United States Congress. "PHELAN, Michael Francis (id: P000291)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
511. ^ United States Congress. "PHILBIN, Philip Joseph (id: P000303)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
512. ^ United States Congress. "PHILLIPS, Stephen Clarendon (id: P000312)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
513. ^ United States Congress. "PITTENGER, William Alvin (id: P000371)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
514. ^ United States Congress. "PLATT, Edmund (id: P000379)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
515. ^ United States Congress. "PLUMER, William, Jr. (id: P000394)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
516. ^ United States Congress. "PORTER, Charles Orlando (id: P000439)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 27, 2019.
517. ^ United States Congress. "PORTER, Katie (id: P000618)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 27, 2019.
518. ^ United States Congress. "POTTER, Elisha Reynolds (id: P000462)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 27, 2019.
519. ^ United States Congress. "PRATT, Henry Otis (id: P000501)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 27, 2019.
520. ^ United States Congress. "PRESTON, William (id: P000517)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 27, 2019.
521. ^ United States Congress. "PREYER, Lunsford Richardson (id: P000520)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 27, 2019.
522. ^ United States Congress. "Josiah Quincy (id: Q000015)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
523. ^ United States Congress. "RASKIN, Jamie Ben (id: R000606)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 27, 2019.
524. ^ United States Congress. "RAY, John Henry (id: R000077)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 27, 2019.
525. ^ United States Congress. "READ, Nathan (id: R000093)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 27, 2019.
526. ^ United States Congress. "REIFEL, Benjamin (id: R000152)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 27, 2019.
527. ^ United States Congress. "REUSS, Henry Schoellkopf (id: R000165)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 27, 2019.
528. ^ United States Congress. "REYNOLDS, Mel (id: R000178)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 27, 2019.
529. ^ United States Congress. "RHODES, John Jacob (id: R000188)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 27, 2019.
530. ^ United States Congress. "RICE, Thomas (id: R000204)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 27, 2019.
531. ^ United States Congress. "RICHARDSON, William Merchant (id: R000231)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 27, 2019.
532. ^ United States Congress. "ROCKWELL, Francis Williams (id: R000365)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 27, 2019.
533. ^ United States Congress. "ROGERS, John Jacob (id: R000400)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 27, 2019.
534. ^ United States Congress. "ROHRBOUGH, Edward Gay (id: R000410)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 27, 2019.
535. ^ United States Congress. "ROOSEVELT, James (id: R000426)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 27, 2019.
536. ^ United States Congress. "RUGGLES, Nathaniel (id: R000503)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 27, 2019.
537. ^ United States Congress. "RUSSELL, Richard Manning (id: R000537)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 27, 2019.
538. ^ United States Congress. "SALTONSTALL, Leverett (id: S000020)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
539. ^ "SARBANES, John – Biographical Information". Bioguide.congress.gov. Retrieved April 4, 2012.
540. ^ United States Congress. "SCHEUER, James Haas (id: S000124)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
541. ^ "SCHIFF, Adam – Biographical Information". Bioguide.congress.gov. Retrieved April 4, 2012.
542. ^ "SCHROEDER, Patricia Scott – Biographical Information". Bioguide.congress.gov. Retrieved April 4, 2012.
543. ^ "SCOTT, Robert Cortez – Biographical Information". Bioguide.congress.gov. Retrieved April 4, 2012.
544. ^ United States Congress. "SEAVER, Ebenezer (id: S000215)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
545. ^ United States Congress. "SEIBERLING, John Frederick (id: S000230)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
546. ^ "SESTAK, Joe – Biographical Information". Bioguide.congress.gov. Retrieved April 4, 2012.
547. ^ United States Congress. "SEWALL, Samuel (id: S000259)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
548. ^ United States Congress. "SHAMANSKY, Robert Norton (id: S000282)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
549. ^ "SHERMAN, Brad – Biographical Information". Bioguide.congress.gov. Retrieved April 4, 2012.
550. ^ "SIMMONS, Robert (Rob) – Biographical Information". Bioguide.congress.gov. January 3, 2007. Retrieved April 4, 2012.
551. ^ United States Congress. "SIMPKINS, John (id: S000428)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
552. ^ United States Congress. "SIMPSON, Kenneth Farrand (id: S000433)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
553. ^ United States Congress. "SMITH, Josiah (id: S000582)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
554. ^ United States Congress. "SMITH, Peter P. (id: S000601)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
555. ^ United States Congress. "SOWDEN, William Henry (id: S000692)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 27, 2019.
556. ^ United States Congress. "SPENCER, Ambrose (id: S000721)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 27, 2019.
557. ^ United States Congress. "SPRAGUE, Charles Franklin (id: S000742)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 27, 2019.
558. ^ United States Congress. "STAFFORD, William Henry (id: S000777)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 27, 2019.
559. ^ United States Congress. "STAGGERS, Harley Orrin, Jr. (id: S000779)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 27, 2019.
560. ^ United States Congress. "STANTON, James Vincent (id: S000803)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 27, 2019.
561. ^ United States Congress. "STEARNS, Asahel (id: S000821)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 27, 2019.
562. ^ United States Congress. "STEARNS, Foster Waterman (id: S000823)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 27, 2019.
563. ^ United States Congress. "STEDMAN, William (id: S000828)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 27, 2019.
564. ^ United States Congress. "STOBBS, George Russell (id: S000931)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 27, 2019.
565. ^ United States Congress. "STONE, Eben Francis (id: S000956)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 27, 2019.
566. ^ United States Congress. "STORER, Bellamy (id: S000970)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 27, 2019.
567. ^ "STRATTON, Samuel Studdiford – Biographical Information". Bioguide.congress.gov. Retrieved April 4, 2012.
568. ^ United States Congress. "SWEAT, Lorenzo De Medici (id: S001100)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 27, 2019.
569. ^ United States Congress. "SWOOPE, William Irvin (id: S001126)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 27, 2019.
570. ^ United States Congress. "TAYLOR, John James (id: T000088)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 27, 2019.
571. ^ United States Congress. "TAYLOR, Nelson (id: T000096)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 27, 2019.
572. ^ United States Congress. "TAYLOR, Scott William (id: T000477)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 27, 2019.
573. ^ United States Congress. "TAYLOR, Nicholas (id: T000479)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 27, 2019.
574. ^ "TEJEDA, Frank Mariano – Biographical Information". Bioguide.congress.gov. Retrieved April 4, 2012.
575. ^ United States Congress. "TENNEY, Saumel (id: T000127)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
576. ^ United States Congress. "TINKHAM, George Holden (id: T000283)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
577. ^ United States Congress. "THACHER, Thomas Chandler (id: T000140)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
578. ^ United States Congress. "THACHER, George (id: T000141)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
579. ^ United States Congress. "THATCHER, Samuel (id: T000143)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
580. ^ United States Congress. "THAYER, John Alden (id: T000147)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
581. ^ "TOOMEY, Patrick Joseph – Biographical Information". Bioguide.congress.gov. Retrieved April 4, 2012.
582. ^ "TORKILDSEN, Peter Gerard – Biographical Information". Bioguide.congress.gov. Retrieved April 4, 2012.
583. ^ "TRUMBULL, Jonathan Jr. – Biographical Information". Bioguide.congress.gov. Retrieved April 4, 2012.
584. ^ United States Congress. "UPHAM, Charles Wentworth (id: U000021)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
585. ^ United States Congress. "UPHAM, George Baxter (id: U000022)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
586. ^ United States Congress. "UPHAM, Jabez (id: U000023)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
587. ^ "VAN HOLLEN, Christopher – Biographical Information". Bioguide.congress.gov. Retrieved April 4, 2012.
588. ^ United States Congress. "VAN RENSSELAER, Stephen, III (id: V000056)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
589. ^ United States Congress. "VANDER VEEN, Richard Franklin (id: V000029)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
590. ^ United States Congress. "VARNUM, John (id: V000073)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 27, 2019.
591. ^ United States Congress. "VEYSEY, Victor Vincent (id: V000093)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 27, 2019.
592. ^ United States Congress. "VOSE, Roger (id: V000120)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 27, 2019.
593. ^ United States Congress. "WADSWORTH, Peleg (id: W000014)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 27, 2019.
594. ^ United States Congress. "WALKER, Robert Jarvis Cochran (id: W000066)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 27, 2019.
595. ^ United States Congress. "WALLEY, Samuel Hurd (id: W000087)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 27, 2019.
596. ^ United States Congress. "WARD, Artemas (id: W000127)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 27, 2019.
597. ^ United States Congress. "WARD, Artemas, Jr. (id: W000128)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 27, 2019.
598. ^ United States Congress. "WARNER, Samuel Larkin (id: W000157)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 27, 2019.
599. ^ United States Congress. "WARNER, Vespasian (id: W000158)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 27, 2019.
600. ^ United States Congress. "WARREN, William Wirt (id: W000168)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 27, 2019.
601. ^ United States Congress. "WASHBURN, Charles Grenfill (id: W000171)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 27, 2019.
602. ^ United States Congress. "WATRES, Laurence Hawley (id: W000196)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
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