List of Hungarian Nobel laureates

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The Nobel Prizes are five separate prizes that, according to Alfred Nobel's will of 1895, are awarded to "those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind." In 1968, a sixth prize, the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences, was established.

Hungarians have won 15 Nobel Prizes since 1905. Eight were born in Budapest. Following is a complete list of the Nobel laureates of Hungary, as recognised by the Hungarian Academy of Sciences.[1][2] However, if persons born as Hungarian citizens are included, then the number rises to 22 in the scientific field.[3]

## Laureates

[edit]

Hungarians have received Nobel Prizes in Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature, and Economics – in all fields except Peace.

Year | Winner | Field | Contribution

|
|
|

1905  | Philipp Lenard | Physics  | for his work on cathode rays
1914  | Robert Bárány | Physiology or Medicine  | for his work on the physiology and pathology of the vestibular apparatus
1925  | Richard Adolf Zsigmondy | Chemistry  | for his demonstration of the heterogeneous nature of colloid solutions and for the methods he used, which have since become fundamental in modern colloid chemistry
1937  | Albert Szent-Györgyi | Physiology or Medicine  | for his discoveries in connection with the biological combustion processes, with special reference to Vitamin C and the catalysis of fumaric acid
1943  | George de Hevesy | Chemistry  | for his work on the use of isotopes as tracers in the study of chemical processes
1961  | Georg von Békésy | Physiology or Medicine  | for his discoveries of the physical mechanism of stimulation within the cochlea
1963  | Eugene Wigner | Physics  | for his contributions to the theory of the atomic nucleus and the elementary particles, particularly through the discovery and application of fundamental symmetry principles
1971  | Dennis Gabor | Physics  | for his invention and development of the holographic method
1986  | John Polanyi | Chemistry  | for his contributions concerning the dynamics of chemical elementary processes
1994  | George Andrew Olah | Chemistry  | for his contribution to carbocation chemistry
1994  | John Harsanyi | Economics  | for pioneering analysis of equilibria in the theory of non-cooperative games
2002 | Imre Kertész | Literature  | for writing that upholds the fragile experience of the individual against the barbaric arbitrariness of history
2004 | Avram Hershko
(Hungarian spelling: Herskó) | Chemistry  |
2023  | Katalin Karikó | Physiology or Medicine  | for their discoveries concerning nucleoside base modifications that enabled the development of effective mRNA vaccines against COVID-19[4]
2023  | Ferenc Krausz | Physics  | for experimental methods that generate attosecond pulses of light for the study of electron dynamics in matter[5]

### Also sometimes included

[edit]

#### Born in the Austro-Hungarian Empire

[edit]

* Leopold Ružička (Chemistry 1939) born in Vukovár (until 1920 in Hungary), Syrmia County, in the, Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia, Kingdom of Hungary, Austro-Hungarian Empire, mostly (5⁄8) ethnic Croat[6]
* Ivo Andrić, born in Bosnia, Condominium of Austria-Hungary, ethnic Croat[7]
* Vladimir Prelog (Chemistry 1975) born in Sarajevo, Bosnia, Condominium of Austria-Hungary, (mostly) ca 5/9 ethnic Croat[8][9][10][citation needed]

#### Born abroad

[edit]

* Elie Wiesel (Peace 1986), Hungarian-Jewish, born in Sighet, former Máramaros County, Transylvania (until 1920 Hungary), Kingdom of Romania[6][11][12][13][14]
* Alfred Hermann Fried (Peace 1911) Austrian, parents Hungarian-Jewish, father[15] from Szigetvár, Baranya County, mother[16] from Budapest.
* Daniel Carleton Gajdusek (Medicine 1976), US-born, parents from the Kingdom of Hungary, father ethnic Slovak from Büdöskő, Nyitra County, mother ethnic Hungarian from Debrecen[6][12][13][14]
* Milton Friedman (Economics 1976), US-born, Hungarian-Jewish, parents from Beregszász, Bereg County, Kingdom of Hungary[6][11][12][13]
* Hugh David Politzer (Physics 2004), US-born, Hungarian-Jewish; father (Aladár) from Nádszeg, Pozsony County (until 1920 Hungary), Kingdom of Hungary.[17] His mother was also Hungarian-Jewish.[18][better source needed][19]

## Unsuccessful nominees

[edit]

Year(s) | Nominee | Field | Nominated by

|
|
|

1911, 1914, 1917  | Loránd Eötvös[20] | Physics  | Izidor Fröhlich [hu; de], Radó von Kövesligethy, Jenő Klupathy [hu], Philipp Lenard
1901  | Vilmos Schulek [hu; de][21] | Physiology or Medicine  | Lajos Thanhoffer [hu], Antal Genersich [hu]
1901  | Endre Hőgyes [hu; de][22] | Physiology or Medicine  | Frigyes Korányi, Antal Genersich [hu]
1901  | Josef von Fodor[23] | Physiology or Medicine  | Endre Hőgyes [hu; de], Antal Genersich [hu]
1901, 1931, 1937  | Sándor Korányi[24] | Physiology or Medicine  | Ottó Pertik [hu], Pál Hári [hu], Louis Nékám, Emil Grósz [hu], Zoltán Vámossy [hu], József Frigyesi [hu], István Tóth [hu], Géza Illyés [hu], László Kétly [hu], Tibor Verebélÿ [hu], Philipp Schwartz, Lajos Ádám [hu]
1904  | István Apáthy[25] | Physiology or Medicine  | Willem Rommelaere
1928, 1940  | Géza Mansfeld [hu][26] | Physiology or Medicine  | László Rhorer [hu], István Rusznyák
1943  | Ladislas J. Meduna[27] | Physiology or Medicine  | Jakob Klaesi
1949, 1950, 1951, 1952, 1953  | Hans Selye[28] | Physiology or Medicine  | ...
1950  | Miklós Jancsó [hu][29] | Physiology or Medicine  | József Frigyesi [hu], Béla Issekutz [hu], Sándor Mozsonyi [hu]
1901, 1902  | Ferenc Kemény[30] | Literature  | Imre Pauer [hu], Gusztáv Heinrich [hu]
1925, 1926, 1927  | Ferenc Herczeg[31] | Literature  | Members of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences
1935  | Dezső Szabó[32] | Literature  | Björn Collinder
1936, 1937  | Cécile Tormay[33] | Literature  | János Hankiss [hu], Károly Pap [hu], János Horváth [hu], Jenő Pintér [hu], Fredrik Böök
1965, 1966  | Gyula Illyés[34] | Literature  | John Lotz [hu]
1965-1970  | George Popják[35] | Chemistry
1967  | György Lukács[36] | Literature  | Erik Lindegren
1969, 1970  | László Mécs [hu][37] | Literature  | Watson Kirkconnell
1970, 1971  | Sándor Weöres[38] | Literature  | Áron Kibédi Varga [hu]
1911, 1928, 1929, 1930, 1932  | Albert Apponyi[39] | Peace  | 19 Professors of Law, Members of the Faculty of Law at the University of Pécs, Members of the Faculty of History and Philosophy at the University of Szeged, Members of the Faculty of Philosophy at the University of Pécs, Members of the Faculty of Law at the University of Debrecen (József Tisza [hu]), The Hungarian Inter-Parliamentary Group (Albert Berzeviczy), The professors at the Faculty of Law at the Elisabeth University of Pécs, 3 professors at the Faculty of Philosophy at the University of Pécs, Professors at the Faculty of History and Philosophy at the University of Szeged

## One parent Hungarian-born

[edit]

* George Stigler, (Economics 1982), US-born, hungarian[citation needed] mother (Erzsébet Hungler, from Bakonybél Veszprém county), the Kingdom of Hungary[40][better source needed]
* Douglas Osheroff (Physics 1996), US-born, Mother's parents from upper Hungary (now Slovakia) and her fathers father Ondo[41] was a Lutheran priest born in Felvidék, (until 1920 in the Kingdom of Hungary). Ondo/Ondó family name have the highest frequency in Hungary and among hungarians.[41]
* Louise Glück (Literature 2020), US-born, Hungarian-Jewish father (grandparents from Érmihályfalva, Bihar County , Partium, Transylvania, Kingdom of Hungary)[12]
* Robert F. Furchgott, (Medicine 1998), US-born, Hungarian-Jewish father; grandfather from Sarlóska, Nyitra county, Felvidék, Kingdom of Hungary,[42][better source needed] grandmother[43] from Nyitra (now Nitra), Kingdom of Hungary[44][better source needed]

## See also

[edit]

* Friedrich Hayek, (economy 1974) Austrian, grandfather from Arad, Partium, Transylvania, until 1920 in the Kingdom of Hungary[45] One of his father's grandmothers, Zembsch, was born in Eger, Hungary. About 3/8 of Hayek's ancestors were born in Hungary.
* Erwin Schrödinger, (physics 1933) Austrian, Grandfather Alexander Bauer from Mosonmagyaróvár, Kingdom of Hungary[46][47] Bauers mother was Jesefine von Wittman-Denglár,[48] whose mother was Franciska von Szikler.[49] She was of unknown high origin, supposedly a Habsburg was her father. That makes her a descendant of the Árpád house.[50] There are two more versions of mother's name in different sources. Many of these names indicate Magyar ancestry to some degree. And his appearance, with slight epicanthus, in his portrait from 1933, gives him a hint of mongoloid look, which in Central Europe originates from Hungarian lands.
* Elfride Jelinek, (literature 2004), Austrian, grandmother Olga-Ilona Buchner born 1882 in Stájerlakanina in Krassó-Szörény County[51] Transylvania, Kingdom of Hungary
* Herta Müller, (literature 2009) ethnic German, born 1953 in Niczkyfalva in former Temes County, Banat, Transylvania (until 1920 in Hungary), Mother Gion (french name: possible relative Nándor Gion born in Banat-region ceded to Yougoslavia 1920[52]) born 1928,[53] All grandparents (probably), mothers definitely born in the Kingdom of Hungary[citation needed]
* Stefan Hell, (chemistry 2014) ethnic German born in Arad in former Arad County (until 1920 in Hungary), grandparents probably born in the Kingdom of Hungary[citation needed]
* Carl Ferdinand Cori Austrian, Hungarian ancestry on mother's side: Grandfather: Lippich[54](whose mother was daughter to Kastenholz Honorius Vilmos[55][circular reference][56] and Terézia Zsitkovszky) 13 June 1799 in Igló, Szepes county[57]
* David Gross, (physics 2004), US-born, father had ancestry from Hungary/Czechoslovakia[58]
* Patrick Modiano, (literature 2014), French, grandmother on mother's side was Hungarian-Jewish: Cecile Burdej[59] from Budapest
* Karl von Frisch, (medicine 1973), Austrian, 1/8 Hungarian-Jewish[60]

## Nobel per capita:natural sciences

[edit]

Only the awards for Chemistry, Physics, Physiology or Medicine. are considered. According to citizenship at birth and countries with at least 1 million inhabitants.

Rank  | Entity  | Nobel
prizes[citation needed] | Population
[citation needed] | Laureates/
10 million

|
|
|
|

1 |  Hungary | 20[61] | 9,58 | 20.7[62]
2 |  Switzerland | 18 Swiss-born | 8,9 | 20,2
3 |  Austria | (19) 15 Austrian-born | 9,03 | (20.57) 18,3
4 |  Denmark | 9 | 5,94 | 15,2
5 |  Sweden | (17) 15 | 10,5 | 14,3
6 |  United Kingdom | (109) 88 British born. | 67,6 | 13,01
7 |  Norway | (8) 5 | 5,56 | 9,00
8 |  Germany | 92 | 84,6 | 10,9

## Scientific prizes per capita-10-top

[edit]

Only the awards for Chemistry, Physics, Physiology or Medicine and Economy are considered. According to citizenship at birth and countries with at least 1 million inhabitants.

Rank  | Entity  | Nobel
prizes[citation needed] | Population
[citation needed] | Laureates/
10 million

|
|
|
|

1 |  Hungary | 23[61] | 9,58 | 23.7[62]
2 |  Switzerland | (22) 18 Swiss-born | 8,9 | 20,45
3 |  Austria | (19) 16 Austrian-born | 9,03 | 18,3
4 |  Sweden | 17 | 10,54 | 16,1
5 |  Denmark | 9 | 5,94 | 15,2
6 |  United Kingdom | 88 British born. | 67,6 | 13,01
7 |  Norway | 7 | 5,56 | 12,6
8 |  Germany | 92 | 84,6 | 10,9

## Physics prize per capita

[edit]

Only the awards for Physics are considered. According to citizenship at birth and countries with at least 1 million inhabitants.

Rank  | Entity  | Nobel
prizes[citation needed] | Population
[citation needed] | Laureates/
1 million

|
|
|
|

1 |  Hungary | 6 | 9,58 | 0,63
2 |  Switzerland | 5 | 8,9 | 0,56
3 |  Austria | 4 | 9,03 | 0,44
4 |  Sweden | 4 | 10,54 | 0,38
5 |  Denmark | 2 | 5,94 | 0,34
6 |  United Kingdom | 17 | 67,6 | 0,24
7 |  Norway | 1 | 5,56 | 0,18
8 |  Germany | 28  | 84,6 | ca 0,3

Some of the most important Hungarian physicists from the 20th century did not get the Nobel prize: 1.John von Neumann 2.Edward Teller 3.Theodore von Karman 4.Leo Szilard 5.Roland von Eötvös 6.Radó von Kövesligethy 7.Béla Harkányi 8.Zoltán Bay 9.Victor Szebehely 10.Kálmán Tihanyi 11.Lise Meitner, 1/2-hungarian-jewish on mothers side.

Prominent 21th century physicists mentioned in Nobel Prize arguments are:

* Albert-László Barabási
* Ferenc Mezei (Neutron spin echo,Neutron supermirror)
* Tamás Csörgö (Odderon)
* Miklos Porkóláb
* Krasznahorkay, X17 particle
* Tamás Vicsek
* Örs Legeza

## Chemistry prize per capita

[edit]

Only the awards for Chemistry are considered. According to citizenship at birth and countries with at least 1 million inhabitants.

Rank  | Entity  | Nobel
prizes[citation needed] | Population
[citation needed] | Laureates/
million

|
|
|
|

1 |  Hungary | 7 | 9,58 | 0,73[63][64]
2 |  Switzerland | 5 | 8,9 | 0,56
3 |  Austria | 5 | 9,03 | 0,55
4 |  Denmark | 2 | 5,94 | 0,34
5 |  Sweden | 4 | 10,5 | 0,38
6 |  United Kingdom | 29 | 67,6 | 0,43
7 |  Norway | 2 | 5,56 | 0,36
8 |  Germany | 26  | 84,6 | 0,31

Some of the greatest[according to whom?] did not win the prize: Tibor Gánti who created chemoton-theory, Csaba Horváth who constructed the first High-performance liquid chromatography Somorjai didnt share the prize with Ertl.

## Medicine Prize per capita-10-top

[edit]

Only the awards for Medicine are considered. According to citizenship at birth and countries with at least 1 million inhabitants.

Rank  | Entity  | Nobel
prizes[citation needed] | Population
[citation needed] | Laureates/
10 million

|
|
|
|

1 |  Switzerland | 7 | 8,9 | 0,79
2 |  Sweden | 7 | 10,54 | 0,68
3 |  Denmark | 4 | 5,94 | 0,67
4 |  Hungary | 6 | 9,58 | 0,63
5 |  Austria | 5 | 9,03 | 0,55
6 |  United Kingdom | 26 | 67,6 | 0,38
7 |  Norway | 1 | 5,56 | 0,18
8 |  Germany |  | 84,6 | 0,

## Economy prizes per capita-10-top

[edit]

Only the awards for Economy are considered. According to citizenship at birth and countries with at least 1 million inhabitants.

Rank  | Entity  | Nobel
prizes[citation needed] | Population
[citation needed] | Laureates/
10 million

|
|
|
|

1 |  Norway | 3.  | 5,56 | ca 0,55
2 |  Hungary | 3[61] | 9,58 | ca 0,3
3 |  Sweden | 2 | 10,5 | ca 0,19
4 |  Denmark | 1 | 5,94 | ca 0,17
5 |  Austria | 1 Austrian-born | 9,03 |
6 |  United Kingdom | 7 | 67,6 | ca 0,11
8 |  Germany | 1 | 84,6 | ca 0,01

## Place of Birth

[edit]

* 1\. Budapest: (8): von Szent-Györgyi, de Hevesy, von Békésy, Wigner, Gábor, Oláh, Harsányi, Kertész
* 2\. New York: (4) Friedman (Hungarian-Jewish), Gajdusek, Politzer (Hungarian-Jewish), Glück (1/2-Hungarian-Jewish)
* 3\. Vienna: (3) Fried (Hungarian-Jewish), Bárány, Zsigmondy
* 4\. Pozsony von Lenárd

## Religion at birth

[edit]

* Roman Catholics (10): von Lénárd, de Hevesy, Ruzicka (Croat), Prelog (Croat), Andric (Croat) Stigler (RC Hungarian mother), von Békésy, Polányi, Harsányi, Krausz
* Protestants (8): Zsigmondy (Lutheran), Szent-Györgyi (Reformed), Wigner (Lutheran), Gábor (Lutheran), Gajdusek(reformed HUN mother), Osheroff (Lutheran Hungarian mother), Oláh (Reformed), Karikó (Reformed)
* Jewish (9): Bárány (born in Austria), Fried (born in Austria), Wiesel (born in Romania, former Hungarian Transsylvania), Kertész, Herskó, Politzer (born in New York), Glück (born in New York), Furchgott (born in US), Friedman (born in New York, agnostic)

## References

[edit]

1. ^ "Hungary's Nobel Prize Winners". Hungarian Academy of Sciences. Archived from the original on 6 October 2015. Retrieved 17 October 2015.
2. ^ "Hungary's Nobel Prize Winners". Hungarian Academy of Sciences. 17 February 2016. Archived from the original on 1 November 2022. Retrieved 20 October 2022.
3. ^ See list below by Laszlo Vazulvonal of Stockholm
4. ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2023" (PDF) (Press release). Nobel Assembly at the Karolinska Institute. 2 October 2023. Archived (PDF) from the original on 3 October 2023. Retrieved 3 October 2023.
5. ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physics 2023" (PDF) (Press release). Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. 3 October 2023. Archived (PDF) from the original on 3 October 2023. Retrieved 3 October 2023.
6. ^ a b c d Földesi, Katalin (11 December 2018). "Magyar Nobel-díjasok – III. rész" [Hungarian Nobel laureates – part III]. Tudománypláza (in Hungarian). Archived from the original on 19 October 2022. Retrieved 20 October 2022.
7. ^ Lampe 2000, p. 91; Hoare 2007, p. 90; Binder 2013, p. 41.
8. ^ "Eugenija Prelog". geni_family_tree. 27 August 2023.
9. ^ "Marija Ana Prelog". geni_family_tree. 24 September 2023.
10. ^ Father 1/2-croat:(Prelog) & 1/2-german:(Riemer). Mother: 2/8-italian (Cettolo) 5/8-croat (Kovacic, Korac), 1/8 german(Mahne)
11. ^ a b Beck, Mihály. "A Nobel-díj és a magyar Nobel-díjasok" [The Nobel Prize and Hungarian Nobel laureates] (PDF). Budapest Főváros XV. Kerület Rákospalota, Pestújhely, Újpalota Önkormányzata (in Hungarian). Archived (PDF) from the original on 19 October 2022. Retrieved 20 October 2022.
12. ^ a b c d "Hány magyar Nobel-díjasunk van?" [How many Hungarian Nobel laureates do we have?]. 24.hu (in Hungarian). 7 October 2021. Archived from the original on 18 October 2022. Retrieved 18 October 2022.
13. ^ a b c "Magyar Nobel-díjasok" [Hungarian Nobel laureates]. Nemzeti Tudósképző Akadémia (in Hungarian). Archived from the original on 18 October 2022. Retrieved 18 October 2022.
14. ^ a b Beck, Mihály (December 2001). "A magyar Nobel-díjasok" [The Hungarian Nobel laureates]. Magyar Tudomány (in Hungarian). 46 (12). Budapest: Akaprint: 1444–1452. ISSN 0025-0325. Archived from the original on 19 October 2022. Retrieved 20 October 2022.
15. ^ "Samuel Fried". geni_family_tree. 26 April 2022.
16. ^ "Bertha Fried". geni_family_tree. 26 April 2022.
17. ^ Rechcigl Jr., Miloslav (28 September 2021). "Surgeons". American Men and Women in Medicine, Applied Sciences and Engineering with Roots in Czechoslovakia. Bloomington, IN: AuthorHouse. p. 470\. ISBN 978-1-6655-1497-2. LCCN 2021901850. Archived from the original on 5 October 2023. Retrieved 4 October 2023.
18. ^ "Mania (Manyi) Diamant". 16 December 2014. Archived from the original on 11 October 2023. Retrieved 5 October 2023.
19. ^ Manyi, Józsi, Terka etc are hungarian names
20. ^ "Loránd Eötvös". The Nobel Prize. April 2020. Archived from the original on 21 October 2022. Retrieved 21 October 2022.
21. ^ "V von Schulek". The Nobel Prize. April 2020. Archived from the original on 21 October 2022. Retrieved 21 October 2022.
22. ^ "Andreas Högyes". The Nobel Prize. April 2020. Archived from the original on 21 October 2022. Retrieved 21 October 2022.
23. ^ "Josef von Fodor". The Nobel Prize. April 2020. Archived from the original on 21 October 2022. Retrieved 21 October 2022.
24. ^ "Alexander von Korányi". The Nobel Prize. April 2020. Archived from the original on 21 October 2022. Retrieved 21 October 2022.
25. ^ "Stephan Apáthy". The Nobel Prize. April 2020. Archived from the original on 30 November 2022. Retrieved 30 November 2022.
26. ^ "Geza Mansfeld". The Nobel Prize. April 2020. Archived from the original on 21 October 2022. Retrieved 21 October 2022.
27. ^ "Ladislas de Meduna". The Nobel Prize. April 2020. Archived from the original on 21 October 2022. Retrieved 21 October 2022.
28. ^ "Hans Selye". The Nobel Prize. April 2020. Archived from the original on 28 August 2023. Retrieved 5 October 2023.
29. ^ "Miklos Jancsó". The Nobel Prize. April 2020. Archived from the original on 21 October 2022. Retrieved 21 October 2022.
30. ^ "Franz Kemény". The Nobel Prize. April 2020. Archived from the original on 29 September 2022. Retrieved 21 October 2022.
31. ^ "Franz (Ferenc) Herczeg". The Nobel Prize. April 2020. Archived from the original on 29 September 2022. Retrieved 21 October 2022.
32. ^ "Dezsö Szabó". The Nobel Prize. April 2020. Archived from the original on 28 September 2022. Retrieved 21 October 2022.
33. ^ "Cecile Tormay". The Nobel Prize. April 2020. Archived from the original on 26 October 2016. Retrieved 21 October 2022.
34. ^ "Gyula Illyés". The Nobel Prize. April 2020. Archived from the original on 28 September 2022. Retrieved 21 October 2022.
35. ^ "Nomination archive - ". NobelPrize.org. 1 April 2020. Archived from the original on 28 March 2023. Retrieved 11 May 2023.
36. ^ "Georg Lukács". The Nobel Prize. April 2020. Archived from the original on 29 September 2022. Retrieved 21 October 2022.
37. ^ "László Mécs". The Nobel Prize. April 2020. Archived from the original on 28 September 2022. Retrieved 21 October 2022.
38. ^ "Sándor Weöres". The Nobel Prize. April 2020. Archived from the original on 29 September 2022. Retrieved 21 October 2022.
39. ^ "Count Albert Apponyi". The Nobel Prize. April 2020. Archived from the original on 21 October 2022. Retrieved 21 October 2022.
40. ^ "George J. Stigler". The Nobel Prize. Archived from the original on 27 April 2021. Retrieved 11 January 2022.
41. ^ a b https://www.familysearch.org/en/surname?surname=ondo [bare URL]
42. ^ "Max Furchgott". Geni. 17 January 2020. Archived from the original on 20 October 2022. Retrieved 20 October 2022.
43. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 11 October 2023. Retrieved 5 October 2023.`{{cite web}}`: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
44. ^ "Bertha Furchgott". Geni. 17 January 2020. Archived from the original on 3 August 2022. Retrieved 20 October 2022.
45. ^ "Juraschek Franz von". In: Österreichisches Biographisches Lexikon 1815–1950 (ÖBL). Vol. 3, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna 1965, p. 154.
46. ^ "Bauer Alexander". In: Österreichisches Biographisches Lexikon 1815–1950 (ÖBL). Vol. 1, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna 1957, p. 54.
47. ^ Kurt Haidinger (1953), "Bauer, Alexander Emil Anton", Neue Deutsche Biographie (in German), vol. 1, Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, p. 636; (full text online)
48. ^ "Bauer, Alexander - Deutsche Biographie". www.deutsche-biographie.de (in German). Deutsche Biographie. Retrieved 19 May 2024.
49. ^ "Franziska von Szikler". zbphysik.univie.ac.at.
50. ^ Added by László Vazulvonal of Stockholm
51. ^ "Helene Buchner". 6 May 2023. Archived from the original on 11 October 2023. Retrieved 6 October 2023.
52. ^ "Gion Nándor". 5 January 2024 - via Wikipedia.
53. ^ "Katharina Müller". geni_family_tree. 3 May 2022.
54. ^ "dr.med. Franz Wilhelm Lippich". geni_family_tree. 13 June 1799. Archived from the original on 6 April 2023. Retrieved 6 April 2023.
55. ^ "Kastenholz Honorius Vilmos". Archived from the original on 11 July 2022. Retrieved 12 September 2023.
56. ^ "Kastenholz János András, | Magyar írók élete és munkái – Szinnyei József | Kézikönyvtár". Archived from the original on 21 September 2023. Retrieved 12 September 2023.
57. ^ "Wilhelmine Lippich". geni_family_tree. 2 May 2022. Archived from the original on 6 December 2022. Retrieved 6 April 2023.
58. ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physics 2004". NobelPrize.omrg. Archived from the original on 6 April 2020. Retrieved 6 April 2023.
59. ^ "Patrick Modiano, True Detective". The New Yorker. 28 September 2015. Archived from the original on 5 April 2023. Retrieved 6 April 2023.
60. ^ "Josef Ofenheimer". geni_family_tree. 30 April 2022.
61. ^ a b c plus Furchgott, Osheroff, who are half-hungarians born as hungarian citizens
62. ^ a b Born in Kingdom of Hungary: Vladimir Prelog & Leopold Ružička. According to Hungarian citizen law there are more: Friedman, Gajdusek & Politzer
63. ^ Born in Kingdom of Hungary: Vladimir Prelog & Leopold Ružička. According to Hungarian citizen law.
64. ^ "The American Hungarian Federation - Founded 1906".

## Sources

[edit]

* Binder, David (2013). Farewell, Illyria. Budapest, Hungary: Central European University Press. ISBN 978-615-5225-74-1.
* Hoare, Marko Attila (2007). The History of Bosnia: From the Middle Ages to the Present Day. London, England: Saqi. ISBN 978-0-86356-953-1.
* Lampe, John R. (2000) [1996]. Yugoslavia as History: Twice There Was a Country (2nd ed.). Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-77401-7.

* v
* t
* e

Nobel Prizes

* Lists of Nobel laureates
* Nobel Prize medal

Prizes|

* Chemistry
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Laureates|

* by occupation
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* by year

| by subject|

* Chemistry
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|

population
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* Bengali
* Black
* Christian
* Female
* Jewish
* Latin American
* Muslim
* Non-religious

| by continent
and nationality|

* African
* Egyptian
* South African
* Asian
* Chinese
* Filipino
* Indian
* Israeli
* Japanese
* Korean
* Pakistani
* Vietnamese
* European
* Belgian
* Danish
* German
* Greek
* Hungarian
* Irish
* Italian
* Polish
* Romanian
* Russian
* Spanish
* Swedish
* Swiss
* Welsh
* Oceanian
* Australian
* North American
* American
* Mexican
* South American
* Argentine
* Brazilian
* Venezuelan

|

by university|

* City University of New York
* Columbia University
* ETH Zurich
* Harvard University
* Princeton University
* Washington University in St. Louis

Nominees|

* Catholic priests and religious
* Couples
* Women

| by subject|

* Chemistry
* Economics1
* Literature
* Peace
* Individuals
* Organizations
* Physics
* Physiology or Medicine

|

by groups|

* Peace
* AFSC Nobel nominees
* PRIO Director's Shortlist

| by Clarivate|

*     * Female
* Chemistry
* Economics1
* Physics
* Physiology or Medicine

|

Organisations|

* Nobel Foundation
* Nobel Committees
* Chemistry
* Economics1
* Literature
* Physics
* Physiology or Medicine
* Norwegian Nobel Committee
* Nobel Assembly at the Karolinska Institute

Related|

* Controversies
* Alfred Nobel
* Björkborn Manor
* Nobel Laboratory
* Lindau Nobel Laureate Meetings
* World Summit of Nobel Peace Laureates
* Prizes known as the "Nobel" of their fields

1 Nobel Memorial Prize (not one of the original Nobel Prizes).

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