List of Indian independence activists

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The Indian independence movement consisted of efforts by individuals and organizations from a wide spectrum of society to obtain political independence from the British, French and Portuguese rule through the use of many methods. This is a list of individuals who notably campaigned against or are considered to have campaigned against colonial rule on the Indian sub-continent.

Post-independence, the term "freedom fighter" was officially recognized by the Indian government for those who took part in the movement; people in this category (which can also include dependent family members)[1] receive pensions and other benefits such as Special Railway Counters.[2]

Bhagat Singh

Bal Gangadhar Tilak

Chandra Shekhar Azad

Subhas Chandra Bose

V.O. Chidambaram Pillai

Rani of Jhansi

## List

[edit]

### A

[edit]

Name | Activity

|

Ambika Chakrabarty | A revolutionary, he took part in the Chittagong armory raid.
Alluri Sitarama Raju | He led the Rampa Rebellion of 1922.
Amarendranath Chatterjee | A revolutionary, he raised funds and took part in the Indo-German Conspiracy.
Anant Laxman Kanhere | A revolutionary assassin, he was executed by the colonial government for the murder of a British officer A. M. T. Jackson.
Anant Maral Shastri | He participated in the Quit India Movement and used his writings to inspire nationalistic sentiments. As a journalist, he worked with several newspapers to spread awareness against British rule.[3]
Ananta Singh | A revolutionary, he participated in the Chittagong armoury raid.
Anjana Devi Chaudhry | She was the first woman from Rajasthan state to be arrested during freedom struggle. She was also involved in Bijolia movement and led a procession of 500 women in Bijolia
Anugrah Narayan Sinha | A prominent revolutionary from Bihar known as Bihar Vibhuti. He was a Gandhian and participated in Champaran Satyagraha in 1917.
Atulkrishna Ghosh | A revolutionary, he took part in the Indo-German Conspiracy.
Abdur Rauf Danapuri | He was involved in India's independence movement and opposed British rule. In 1921, he was arrested along with Maulana Azad and Subhas Chandra Bose and was imprisoned for six months.[4]

### B

[edit]

Name  | Activity

|

Babu Bhoop Singh | Ruler of Kohra (estate) and leader in the Indian Rebellion of 1857.
Badal Gupta | A revolutionary, he died in an attack on police at Writers' Building.
Bagha Jatin | A founding member of Anushilan Samiti, convicted in the Howrah-Sibpur conspiracy case and a participant in the Indo-German Conspiracy.
Baldev Ram Mirdha | He mobilised farmers against british colonial and feudal policies through the Kisan Sabha
Baikuntha Shukla | A revolutionary, he was executed for murdering a government witness.
Bal Gangadhar Tilak | A nationalist, he campaigned for Swaraj (self-rule).
Begum Hazrat Mahal | Also known as the Begum of Awadh, she was the second wife of Nawab of Awadh Wajid Ali Shah, and the regent of Awadh in 1857–1858. She is known for the leading role she had in the rebellion against the British East India Company during the Indian Rebellion of 1857.
Bankim Chandra Chatterjee | A nationalist, he wrote Vande Mataram which inspired many activists and became the national song of India.
Barindra Kumar Ghosh | A revolutionary organizer, he was convicted in the Alipore bomb case.
Basawon Singh | An activist, he was convicted in the Lahore Conspiracy Case trial.
Batukeshwar Dutt | An Indian revolutionary participating in an armed struggle against British rule in India, he threw a bomb in the Central Assembly in 1929.
Benoy Basu | A revolutionary, he died following an attack on police at Writers' Building.
Bhagat Singh | A socialist, anarchist and Marxist revolutionary who worked with several revolutionary organisations and became prominent in the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA).
Bhagwati Charan Vohra | A revolutionary ideologue and bomb-maker, he wrote the article "The Philosophy of Bomb".
Bhavabhushan Mitra | Ghadar Mutiny[citation needed]
Bhikaiji Cama | Bhikaiji Cama was born in Bombay (now Mumbai) in a large, affluent Parsi Zoroastrian family.[5] While in London recovering from the plague, she met Dadabhai Naoroji, then president of the British Committee of the Indian National Congress, and for whom she came to work as private secretary. Together with Naoroji and Singh Rewabhai Rana, Cama supported the founding of Varma's Indian Home Rule Society in February 1905. She was denied re-entry to India after refusing to sign a statement pledging she would not participate in nationalist activities and, while in exile, Cama wrote, published (in the Netherlands and Switzerland) and distributed revolutionary literature for the movement, including Bande Mataram (founded in response to the Crown ban on the poem Vande Mataram) and later Madan's Talwar (in response to the execution of Madan Lal Dhingra).[6] These weeklies were smuggled into India through the French colony of Pondichéry.[citation needed] On 22 August 1907, Cama attended the second Socialist Congress at Stuttgart, Germany, where she described the devastating effects of a famine that had struck the Indian subcontinent. In her appeal for human rights, equality and for autonomy from Great Britain, she unfurled what she called the "Flag of Indian Independence".[n 1]
Bhupendranath Datta | A revolutionary, he was editor of newspaper Jugantar Patrika.
Bhupendra Kumar Datta | A revolutionary, editor of the publications of Anushilan Samiti.
Bina Das | A revolutionary, she attempted to assassinate Bengal Governor Stanley Jackson.
Binod Bihari Chowdhury | A revolutionary, he took part in the Chittagong armoury raid.
Bipin Chandra Pal | A staunch nationalist, he was a founding member of the swadeshi movement and campaigned for complete Swaraj Swadeshi movement. Pal is known as the Father of Revolutionary Thoughts in India and was one of the freedom fighters of India.Bipin Chandra Pal made a strong plea for repeal of the Arms Act which was discriminatory in nature. Along with Lala Lajpat Rai and Bal Gangadhar Tilak he belonged to the Lal-Bal-Pal trio that was associated with revolutionary activity. Sri Aurobindo Ghosh and Pal were recognised as the chief exponents of a new national movement revolving around the ideals of Purna Swaraj, Swadeshi, boycott and national education. His programme consisted of Swadeshi, boycott and national education. He preached and encouraged the use of Swadeshi and the boycott of foreign goods to eradicate poverty and unemployment. He wanted to remove social evils from the form and arouse the feelings of nationalism through national criticism.

### C

[edit]

Name  | Activity

|

Chandrashekhar Azad  | Indian revolutionary who reorganised the Hindustan Republican Association (HRA) under its new name of Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA) after the death of its founder, Ram Prasad Bismil, and three other prominent party leaders, Roshan Singh, Rajendra Nath Lahiri and Ashfaqulla Khan.
Chaudhary Charan Singh | Singh followed Gandhi in non-violent struggle for independence from the British government and was imprisoned several times and later founded his own party Lok Dal.
Chittaranjan Das | He founded the Swaraj Party and became the leader of the Non-cooperation Movement in Bengal.
Chowdary Satyanarayana | He was an Indian freedom fighter, anti-colonial nationalist, politician, legislature in Andhra Pradesh Assembly (1955–62, 1967–72) and a human rights activist.

### D

[edit]

Name  | Activity

|

Dadabhai Naoroji | Known as the Grand Old Man of India, Dadabhai Naoroji was born in Navsari, Gujarat within a Parsi Zoroastrian family. He was an Indian political leader, merchant, scholar and writer who was a Liberal Party Member of Parliament in the United Kingdom House of Commons between 1892 and 1895 and the first Asian to be a British MP, other than the Anglo-Indian MP David Ochterlony Dyce Sombre, who was disenfranchised for corruption after nine months in office. Naoroji is renowned for his work in the Indian National Congress, of which he was one of the founding members and thrice — in 1886, 1893, and 1906 — elected president. Dadabhai Naoroji is regarded as one of the most important Indians during the birth of the nascent independence movement. In his writings, he came to the conclusion that the exertion of foreign rule over India was not favourable for the nation, and that independence (or at the very least, responsible government) would be the better path for India.
Dhan Singh Gurjar | He was the police chief of Meerut, who participated in the 1857 rebellion and led initial actions against the British East India Company in Meerut.
Dheeran Chinnamalai | An indigenous governor, he took part in guerrilla warfare against the British East India Company.
Dinesh Gupta | A revolutionary, he was executed following an attack on police at Writers' Building.
Durgawati Devi | A revolutionary, she helped operate a bomb factory.

### G

[edit]

Name  | Activity

|

Ganesh Damodar Savarkar | Founder of the Abhinav Bharat Society. He led an armed movement against the British colonial government in India, he was sentenced to transportation for life as a result. Was the brother of Vinayak Damodar Savarkar.
Ganesh Ghosh | A revolutionary, he participated in the Chittagong armoury raid.
Gopinath Bordoloi | He met Jawaharlal Nehru in England in 1925. He joined the Indian National Congress and actively participated in the Indian Freedom Movement. In 1942 he was arrested during the Quit India Movement and sentenced to 3+1⁄2 years imprisonment. He was the first Chief Minister of undivided Assam. He died in 1950.

### H

[edit]

Name  | Activity

|

Habib ur Rahman | He was an army officer in the Indian National Army (INA) who was charged with "waging war against His Majesty the King Emperor". He served as Subhas Chandra Bose's chief of staff in Singapore, and accompanied Bose on his last fatal flight from Taipei to Tokyo, sharing the last moments of his life.
Seth Harchandrai Vishandas | A Sindhi politician and influential mayor of Karachi, he fought for Muslim-Hindu unity and the independence movement, particularly in opposing the Simon Commission of 1912. He died while travelling (against doctor's advice) to vote for its boycott.
Hare Krishna Konar | A revolutionary, founder of Communist Consolidation in Andaman Cellular Jail. It is a Nationalist organisation to uproot British Raj from India.
Hemchandra Kanungo | A nationalist, convicted in the Alipore bomb case.
Hemu Kalani | A student revolutionary who was executed for attempted rail sabotage.

### I

[edit]

Name  | Activity

|

Inayatullah Khan Mashriqi | He founded the Khaksar Movement in British India.

### J

[edit]

Name  | Activity

|

Jagjivan Ram | Babuji, as he was commonly called, was a politician and Indian independence activist from Bihar. After playing a key role in the establishment of the All India Depressed Classes League in 1935, he went on to develop the rural labour movement and was elected to the Bihar Legislative Assembly in 1937. The league was devoted to achieving equality for untouchables.
Jatindra Nath Das | An activist and revolutionary, he died during a hunger strike while awaiting trial for the Lahore conspiracy case.
Jawahar Lal Nehru | An activist, he campaigned for independence and became India's first prime minister.
Jayi Rajaguru | A prominent figure of the Indian independence movement in the state of Odisha.
Jogesh Chandra Chatterjee | A revolutionary, he was imprisoned for the Kakori conspiracy.

### K

[edit]

Name  | Activity

|

Kali Charan Banerjee | A Bengali Christian politician, he regularly addressed the Indian National Congress annual sessions in moulding the policy of national movement.[relevant?]
Kalpana Datta | Involved in the Indian Independence Movement; also part of the Chittagong armoury raid planning.
Kamal Nath Tewari | He was a freedom fighter and after independence he was elected as Member of Parliament from Bagaha (Now Valmikinagar) and Bettiah (Now Paschimi Champaran) Constituency respectively he was also in the panel of LokSabha Speaker and was the president of Estimate Committee.
Kamla Beniwal | She participated in Quit India Movement at the age of 15. She was awarded with the Tamra Patra by former prime minister Indira Gandhi.[7]
Kanneganti Hanumanthu | A freedom fighter and farmer leader who spearheaded the Palnadu Rebellion.[8] As a part of the non-cooperation movement, Hanumanthu mobilised people to not pay the Pullari tax and organised a social boycott of British officials.[9][10] Under the leadership of Hanumanthu, the Chenchus of Nallamalla Hills fought against the British as a part of Palnadu forest satyagraha in 1921-22.[11] Executed by a firing squad of British Indian police.[8][12]
K. Kamaraj | He was a freedom fighter and after independence he became as chief minister of Tamil Nadu and his rule for 9 years was the golden rule of Tamil Nadu.
Kartar Singh Sarabha | A revolutionary, he helped with the Ghadar Party paper and the attempted Ghadar Mutiny.
Khudiram Bose | One of the youngest revolutionary martyrs, he was executed following an attempted assassination bombing which accidentally killed two bystanders instead of his intended target, the Viceroy of Bengal.
Kittur Chennamma | An Indian freedom fighter and rani of the Kittur, a former princely state in Karnataka. She led an armed force against the British East India Company in 1824 in defiance of the doctrine of lapse in an attempt to maintain Indian control over the region, but was defeated in the third war and died in prison.
Komaram Bheem | A tribal leader, he fought for the liberation of Hyderabad.
Krishnaji Gopal Karve | A revolutionary, he was executed as an accomplice to the murder of A. M. T. Jackson.
Babu Kunwar Singh | A Rajput military commander in the Indian Rebellion of 1857.
Kushal Konwar | An organizer of the Quit India movement, he was judged the mastermind of a troop train derailment and hanged.

### L

[edit]

Name  | Activity

|

Lala Lajpat Rai | A staunch nationalist, he was a founding member of the swadeshi movement and campaigned for complete Swaraj Swadeshi movement.
Lal Bahadur Shastri | He studied in East Central Railway Inter college and Harish Chandra High School, which he left to join the non-cooperation Movement. He worked for the betterment of the Harijan at Muzaffarpur and dropped his caste-derived surname of "Srivastava". Shastri's thoughts were influenced by reading about Swami Vivekanand, Mahatma Gandhi and Annie Besant. Deeply impressed and influenced by Gandhi, he joined the Indian Independence movement in the 1920s. He served as the president of Servants of the People Society (Lok Sevak Mandal), founded by Lala Lajpat Rai and held prominent positions in the Indian National Congress. Following independence in 1947, he joined the Indian government and became one of Prime Minister Nehru's key cabinet colleagues, first as Railways Minister (1951–56), and then in numerous other prominent positions, including the Home Minister.
Lokenath Bal | A revolutionary, he participated in the Chittagong armoury raid.

### M

[edit]

Name  | Activity

|

Madhusudan Das | A leader, popularly known as "Utkal Gourab". He was the first graduate and advocate of Odisha.[relevant?]
Maghfoor Ahmad Ajazi | Left studies on call of Mahatma Gandhi and joined the Non-Cooperation Movement in the year 1921. Founded All India Jamhur Muslim League in 1940 to counter the Lahore resolution, passed by the All-India Muslim League, for a separate Pakistan based on Muhammad Ali Jinnah's Two nation theory.[13]
Mahmud Hasan Deobandi | He and his students launched the Silk Letter Movement and laid the foundation of Jamia Millia Islamia on 29 October 1920.[14]
Mangal Pandey | He rebelled against his British Indian army commanders and was executed.
Manmath Nath Gupta | A member of the HRA, he took part in the Kakori conspiracy.
Matangini Hazra | An activist with the Quit India Movement, she was fatally shot by British Indian police.
Maulvi Liaquat Ali | A leader of the Sepoy Mutiny, he captured Khusro Bagh in Allahabad and declared the independence of India.
Maveeran Alagumuthu Kone | He is the First Freedom Fighter from Kattalankulam in Thoothukudi District, was an early Chieftain and freedom fighter against the British presence in Tamil Nadu. Born into a yadav community family, he became a military leader in the town of Ettayapuram, and was defeated in battle there against the British and Maruthanayagam's forces. He was executed in 1759

In his memory, the government of Tamil Nadu conducts a Pooja ceremony every year on 11 July. A documentary film based on his life was released in 2012.

Mohammad Farooq Chishti | Coming from an affluent Zamindar family, a leading Independence Activist from Eastern part of Uttar Pradesh. Mr. Chishti fought for the independence of India, actively participated in Quit India Movement and was jailed many times. He strongly opposed Jinnah's two nation theory and rejected his offer many times for ministerial positions in Pakistani Government brought by Raja of Salempur, he dedicated his life to help the underprivileged and economically backward people of India.
Maulana Mazharul Haque | He was an educator, lawyer, independence activist and freedom fighter of the Indian National Movement. A stamp was issued in his honour by the Indian Postal Service in 1981 and in 1998.
Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi | He was a lawyer, independence activist and freedom fighter of the Indian National Movement.He is known as Father of Nation.
Mithuben Petit | Hailing from the Parsi Zoroastrian community, Mithuben Petit was a female activist in the Indian independence movement,[15][16] who famously participated in Mahatma Gandhi's Dandi March.[17][18] Petit along with Mahatma Gandhi's wife, Kasturba Gandhi, and Sarojini Naidu played a major part in the Salt March,[19] with Kasturba Gandhi beginning the march at Sabarmati, Sarojini Naidu lifting the salt for the first time at Dandi on 6 April 1930 and Petit standing behind Mahatma Gandhi when he repeated the violation at Bhimrad on 9 April 1930. The march was one of the most important event in the Indian independence movement.[15] In a time when women were required to take a back seat (due to the patriarchal culture at that time in India), Petit was one of the three women who played a pivotal role in the march and the civil disobedience against tax on salt.[19] Petit participated in the Bardoli Satyagraha of 1928 which was a no-tax campaign against the British Raj where she worked under the guidance of Sardar Patel.[20]
Mufti Abdul Razzaq | He participated in the freedom struggle taking part in a fight against the British near Bhopal's Qazi camp.[21]
Mukhtar Ahmed Ansari | During the Indian Independence Movement, he served as the president of both the Indian National Congress and the Muslim League. He was a political figure and patriot from India. He was one of Jamia Millia Islamia University's founders. [22]

### P

[edit]

Name  | Activity

|

Pazhassi Raja | He used guerrilla warfare to fight the British in the Cotiote War (Kottayathu war, 1793–1805) to preserve the independence of his kingdom. He was killed at Mavila Thodu at the present Kerala-Karnataka border.[23]
Pir of Pagaro VI | A spiritual leader of the Hurs during the Indian independence movement
Prabhavati Devi | A Gandhian leader, she was the wife of activist Jayaprakash Narayan.
Prafulla Chaki | A revolutionary, he killed two innocents in a mistargetted assassination bombing.
Pravanalini Bhandari | A revolutionary, she participated in the Salt March.
Pritilata Waddedar | A Bengali revolutionary, she led the attack on the European Club in Pahartali and committed suicide to avoid capture.
Puli Thevar | He is notable for leading a revolt against Company rule at 1757 in India.he was the first Indian to fight against the British.

### R

[edit]

Name  | Activity

|

Radhanath Rath[24] | He played a vital role in the freedom struggle by creating public opinion against the British government through his writings in 'samaja'.
Raja Nahar Singh | A Great Jat Ruler of the princely state of Ballabhgarh, he had secured the road from Delhi Gate (Delhi) to Bhadrapur (Bharatpur), who drove the British away from the parganas of Pali (Rajasthan), Palwal and Fatehpur.[25][circular reference]
Rajendra Lahiri | A revolutionary, he participated in the Kakori conspiracy.
Rambriksh Benipuri | He was a writer in Hindi, an editor for Socialist Leader, and a liberation fighter. [26]
Ram Lakhan Singh Yadav | A veteran freedom fighter, Shri Yadav participated in India's freedom struggle.[27]
Ram Prasad Bismil | The founder of the HRA, he led the Kakori conspiracy in an attempt to raise funds for revolutionary operations.
Ramesh Chandra Jha | A poet and veteran freedom fighter, he actively participated and fought for independence during Quit India movement of 1942.
Rani of Jhansi | One of the Pivotal Leaders of the First war of Independence of 1857.
Rash Behari Bose | A revolutionary, he helped form the Indian National Army in Imperial Japan.
Rosamma Punnoose | An activist, she campaigned for independence.
Roshan Singh | A revolutionary who was among those executed for the Kakori conspiracy, though he had not taken part in it.

### S

[edit]

Name  | Activity

|

Subhas Chandra Bose | A nationalist, he founded the Indian Legion in Nazi Germany and revamped the Indian National Army in Imperial Japan.
S. Satyamurti | A politician, he campaigned for independence.[28]
Sachindra Bakshi | A member of the HRA, he took part in the Kakori conspiracy.
Sangolli Rayanna | The army chief of Kittur, who fought the British East India Company until his death.
Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel | The Iron man of India, he fought for independence and Unified India into one sovereign Nation .
Sarojini Naidu | An activist, she called for independence in her writing and was a major figure of the civil disobedience movement.
Shambhu Dutt Sharma | A former British Indian Army officer, he joined the Quit India Movement in 1942.
Shivaram Rajguru | A revolutionary, he was an HSRA member and assassinated a British police officer in the Indian Imperial Police.
Shyamji Krishna Varma | A nationalist, he founded the Indian Home Rule Society, India House and The Indian Sociologist in London.
Sri Aurobindo | A nationalist, he was arrested for leading the Alipore bomb conspiracy.
Subodh Roy | A revolutionary, he took part in the Chittagong armoury raid and later the Tebhaga movement.
Subramania Bharati | A writer and activist who created many patriotic and nationalistic songs during the independence movement.
Sukhdev Thapar | A revolutionary, he was a senior member of HSRA and participated in several actions before his execution.
Surendranath Tagore | A nationalist, he served as treasurer of the Anushilan Samiti.
Surya Sen | President of INC Chittagong Branch, he led the Chittagong armoury raid.
Sushila Chain Trehan | An activist, she was a leading member of Arya Samaj and also fought for women's rights.
Sushila Didi | A revolutionary, participated in the Civil Disobedience Movement under the pseudonym of 'Indumati' and was arrested.
Swami Shraddhanand | An activist, he started a protest in front of a posse of Gurkha soldiers at the Clock Tower in Chandni Chowk.[29]

### T

[edit]

Name  | Activity

|

Tanguturi Prakasam Pantulu | An Indian politician, he became known as "Andhra Kesari" (lion of Andhra) for leading protests against the Simon Commission in Madras.
Tara Rani Srivastava | An activist, she was part of the Quit India movement.
Tatya Tope | A notable commander in the Indian Rebellion of 1857.
Titumir | A freedom fighter who led a campaign against British rule during the 19th century, he eventually built a bamboo fort in Narikelberia village which became the subject of Bengali folk legend. Titumir died of wounds following the storming of the fort by British soldiers.
Titusji | An activist, he was among the 78 marchers selected by Mahatma Gandhi to take part in the 1930 Salt March.
T. V. Thomas | One of the first generation trade union leaders in Kerala and was actively involved in the Indian independence movement.[relevant?]
Pasumpon Muthuramalinga Thevar | A leader of the socialist All India Forward Bloc, he was arrested and jailed by the British.

### U

[edit]

Name  | Activity

|

Ubaidullah Sindhi | An activist, he sought independence through foreign alliance in the Silk Letter Movement.
Udham Singh | A revolutionary assassin, he was executed for the Caxton Hall shooting.
Ullaskar Dutta | A revolutionary bomb-maker, he was convicted in the Alipore bomb case.
Ulloor Gopi[30] | A freedom fighter from kerala. Born in a rich aristocratic family, Ulloor gopi was drawn towards the national struggle by socialist thoughts. He was arrested five times by the British, in Quit India Movement his contributions could be called historical.
Umaji Naik Khomane | Umaji was the first Ramoshi Freedom Fighter who fought against British Council. Umaji Naik, known honorifically as Vishwa Krantiveer Narveer Raje Umaji Naik (7 September 1791 – 3 February 1832), was an Indian revolutionary who challenged the British rule in India around 1826 to 1832. He was one of the earliest freedom fighter of India. He fought against East India company and company rule
Uyyalawada Narasimha Reddy | He led an uprising in Andhra Pradesh in 1846 and was executed by the British.[31]
Uzair Gul Peshawari | An activist, he was imprisoned for the Silk Letter Movement.[32]

### V

[edit]

Name  | Activity

|

V. O. Chidambaram Pillai | A hardline politician of the Indian National Congress (INC), he launched the Swadeshi Steam Navigation Company in defiance of the British trade monopoly.[33]
Vanchinathan | A revolutionary assassin, he committed suicide after killing a British colonial administrator and tax collector, Robert Ashe.
Vasakha Singh Dadehar | A Gadhari revolutionary played a role in organizing armed rebellion against British rule. Arrested in Lahore Conspiracy case
Vasudev Balwant Phadke | A Ramoshi revolutionary, he organized an insurgent group against British rule
Variyan Kunnathu Kunjahammed Haji | He seized control of a large area from the British rule and set up a parallel government of his Malayalam State in Malabar, named 'Malayala Rajyam' and now part of the Kerala State[34][35][36]
Velu Nachiyar | She was a queen of Sivaganga estate from c. 1780–1790. She was the first Indian queen to wage war with the East India Company in India.She is known by Tamils as Veeramangai ("brave woman").
Veerapandiya Kattabomman | He refused to accept the sovereignty of the British East India Company and waged a war against the British.[37]
Vinayak Damodar Savarkar | He was an Independence activist, politician and a Hindu Nationalist. He published books advocating complete Indian independence by revolutionary means. One of the books he published called The Indian War of Independence about the Indian rebellion of 1857. In 1910, Savarkar was arrested and ordered to be extradited to India for his connections with the revolutionary freedom group India House. He was sentenced to a total 50 years imprisonment at the Cellular Jail but later released on the promise of renouncing violence.[38]

## See also

[edit]

* India portal

* Category:Indian revolutionaries

## Notes

[edit]

1. ^ "This flag is of India's independence. Behold, it is born. It is already sanctified by the blood of martyred Indian youth. I call upon you, gentlemen, to rise and salute the flag of Indian independence. In the name of this flag, I appeal to lovers of freedom all over the world to cooperate with this flag in freeing one-fifth of the human race."

## References

[edit]

1. ^ PTI (18 August 2016). "Pension of freedom fighters hiked by Rs 5,000". The Hindu Business Line. Archived from the original on 27 November 2020. Retrieved 23 February 2017.
2. ^ Mitchell, Lisa (2009). Language, Emotion, and Politics in South India: The Making of a Mother Tongue. Indiana University Press. p. 193\. ISBN 978-0-253-35301-6.
3. ^ "Quit India Movement and the life and times of Anant Maral Shastri". 9 August 2017. Archived from the original on 31 March 2023. Retrieved 5 June 2023.
4. ^ Shamsi, Abul Kalam Qasmi (1995). Tazkira-e-Ulama-e-Bihar [Biographical Dictionary of the Scholars of Bihar] (in Urdu). Vol. 1 (1st ed.). Balasath, Sitamarhi: Department of Publishing and Publications, Jamia Islamia Qasmia. p. 165.
5. ^ Yājñika, Acyuta; Sheth, Suchitra (2005). The Shaping of Modern Gujarat: Plurality, Hindutva, and Beyond. Penguin Books India. pp. 152–. ISBN 978-0-14-400038-8.
6. ^ Gupta, K.; Gupta, Amita, eds. (2006), Concise Encyclopaedia of India, vol. 3, New Delhi: Atlantic, p. 1015, ISBN 81-269-0639-1.
7. ^ "15 की उम्र में भारत छोड़ो आंदोलन का रही हिस्सा, गुजरात में मोदी से टकराईं, जानिए कौन हैं कमला बेनीवाल". Navbharat Times (in Hindi). Retrieved 7 April 2025.
8. ^ a b "Kanneganti Hanumanthu". Ministry of Culture, Government of India. Archived from the original on 10 April 2023. Retrieved 8 April 2023.
9. ^ Regani, Sarojini (1972). Highlights of the Freedom Movement in Andhra Pradesh. Ministry of Cultural Affairs, Government of Andhra Pradesh. p. 20.
10. ^ Sharma, I. Mallikarjuna (2003). In Retrospect: Part. 1. Andhra Pradesh: Heroes and Heroines of Telangana Armed Struggle. Ravi Sasi Enterprises. pp. 206, 329. ISBN 978-81-88151-01-1.
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