List of Indian monarchs

This article is a list of the various dynasties and monarchs that have ruled in the Indian subcontinent and it is one of several lists of incumbents.

The Indian subcontinent, the main centre of Indian culture

The earliest Indian rulers are known from epigraphical sources found in archeological inscriptions on Ashokan edicts[1][2] written in Pali language and using brahmi script. They are also known from the literary sources like Sanskrit literature, Jain literature and Buddhist literature in context of literary sources. Archaeological sources include archeological remains in Indian subcontinent which give many details about earlier kingdoms, monarchs, and their interactions with each other.

Early types of historic documentation include metal coins with an indication of the ruler, or at least the dynasty, at the time. These Punch-marked coins were issued around 600s BCE and are found in abundance from the Maurya Empire in 300s BCE. There are also stone inscriptions and documentary records from foreign cultures from around this time. The main imperial or quasi-imperial rulers of North India are fairly clear from this point on, but many local rulers, and the situation in the Deccan and South India has less clear stone inscriptions from early centuries. Main sources of South Indian history is Sangam Literature dated from 300s BCE. Time period of ancient Indian rulers is speculative, or at least uncertain.

## Vedic India (c. 2000s BCE – 200s BCE)

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See also: Outline of ancient India, Iron Age in India, Vedic Period, Janapada, and Mahajanapada

### Kingdom of Magadha

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List of monarchs of Magadha

### Kingdom of Kashmir

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List of monarchs of Kashmir

### Gandhara Kingdom (c. 1500 – 518 BCE)

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Kings of Gandhara

### Kuru Kingdom (c. 1900 – 345 BCE)

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List of Kuru kings

### Kingdom of Avanti (c. 1100 – 400 BCE)

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Haiheyas

1. Sahasrajit
2. Satajit
3. Mahahaya, Renuhaya and Haihaya (the founder of Haihaya Kingdom). (Contemporary to Suryavanshi king Mandhatri)
4. Dharma was the son of Haihaya.
5. Netra
6. Kunti
7. Sohanji
8. Mahishman was the founder of Mahishmati on the banks of River Narmada.
9. Bhadrasenaka (Bhadrasena) (Contemporary to Suryavanshi king Trishanku)
10. Durmada (Contemporary to Suryavanshi king Harischandra)
11. Durdama
12. Bhima
13. Samhata
14. Kanaka
15. Dhanaka
16. Krtavirya, Krtagni, Krtavarma and Krtauja. (Contemporary to Suryavanshi king Rohitashva)
17. Sahasrabahu Kartavirya Arjuna was the son of Krtavirya who ruled 88 years and was finally killed by Lord Parashurama.
18. Jayadhwaja, Vrshabha, Madhu and Urujit were left by Parshurama and 995 others were killed by Lord Parashurama. Pajanya was adopted by Kroshta king Devamidha
19. Talajangha (Contemporary to Suryavanshi king Asita)
20. Vithihotra (Contemporary to Suryavanshi king Sagara)
21. Madhu
22. Vrshni

Pradyota dynasty

### Videha (c. 1100 – 700 BCE)

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Kings of Videha

### Kalinga Kingdom (c. 1100 – 261 BCE)

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Kings of Kalinga

### Kosala Kingdom (c. 1100 – 345 BCE)

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Kings of Kosala:[3]

* Brihadbala
* Brihatkshaya
* Urukriya
* Vatsavyuha
* Prativyoma
* Bhaanu
* Divakara
* Veer Sahadeva
* Brihadashva
* Bhanuratha
* Pratitashva
* Supratika
* Marudeva
* Sunakshatra
* Pushkara
* Antariksha
* Suvarna
* Bruhadaraaj
* Kritanjaya
* Ranajjaya
* Sanjaya Mahakoshala or Jayasena
* Prasenajit
* Virudhaka
* Sumitra

### Panchala Kingdom (c. 1100 BCE – 350 CE)

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Kings of Panchala:

* Rishin
* Brihadbhanu, (son of Brihadvasu)
* Brihatkaya
* Puranjaya
* Riksha
* Bramhyaswa
* Aramyaswa
* Mudgala, Yavinara, Pratiswan, Maharaja Kampilya - (founder of Kampilya capital of Panchala Kingdom)
* Sranjaya, (son of Aramyaswa)
* Dritimana
* Drdhanemi
* Sarvasena, (founder of Ujjain Kingdom)
* Mitra
* Rukmaratha
* Suparswa
* Sumathi
* Sannatimana
* Krta
* Pijavana
* Somadutta
* Jantuvahana
* Badhrayaswa
* Brihadhishu
* Brihadhanu
* Brihadkarma
* Jayaratha
* Visvajit
* Seinyajit
* Nepavirya, (after this King's name the country was named Nepaldesh)
* Samara
* Sadashva
* Ruchiraswa
* Pruthusena
* Prapti
* Prthaswa
* Sukrthi
* Vibhiraja
* Anuha
* Bramhadatta II
* Vishwaksena
* Dandasena
* Durmukha
* Durbuddhi
* Dharbhya
* Divodasa
* Sivana I
* Mitrayu
* Maitrayana
* Soma
* Sivana II
* Sadasana
* Sahadeva
* Somaka, (Somaka's eldest son was Sugandakrthu and youngest was Prishata. But in a war all sons died and Prishata Survived and became the king of Panchala)
* Prishati, (son of Somaka)
* Drupada, (son of Prishata)
* Dhrishtadyumna, (was the son of Drupada, Draupadi and Shikhandi were the daughters of Drupada)
* Keśin Dālbhya
* Pravahana Jaivali
* Achyuta, (last known ruler of Panchala Kingdom which was defeated in c. 350 CE by Gupta ruler Samudragupta.)

### Anga Kingdom (c. 1100 – 530 BCE)

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Kings of Anga:

* Maharaj Anga - (founder of the kingdom and son of King Bali)
* Romapada
* Brihadratha
* Angaraj Karna
* Vrishaketu \- (son of Karna)
* Tamralipta
* Lomapada
* Chitraratha
* Vrihadratha
* Vasuhoma
* Dhatarattha
* Dhadivahana
* Brahmadatta \- (last king of Anga kingdom)

### Kamboja Kingdom (c. 700 – 200 BCE)

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Kings of Kamboja:

* Kamatha
* Chandravarma Kamboja
* Kamatha Kamboja
* Prapaksha Kamboja
* Sudakshina Kamboja
* Srindra Varmana Kamboj

### Shakya Republic (c. 7th to 5th century BCE)

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Rulers of Shakya:

* Shakya
* Sihahanu
* Śuddhodana
* Siddhartha Shakya (aka Gautama Buddha)
* Rāhula

Later Shakya Republic was conquered by Virudhaka of Kosala.

### Kingdom of Tambapanni (c. 543 – 437 BCE)

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Portrait  | Name  | Birth  | Death  | Ruler From (in BCE)  | Ruler Until (in BCE)  | Marriages  | Claim

|
|
|
|
|
|
|

| Vijaya | ?
Sinhapura
son of Sinhabahu, and Sinhasivali | 505
Tambapanni | 543  | 505  | Kuveni
two children Pandu Princes | Founded Kingdom
Marriage to Kuveni
| Upatissa
(regent) | \-  | \-  | 505  | 504  |  | Prince Vijaya's Chief Minister
| Panduvasdeva | \-  | \-  | 504  | 474  |  | Nephew of Vijaya
| Abhaya | \-  | \-  | 474  | 454  |  | Son of Panduvasdeva
| Tissa
(regent) | \-  | \-  | 454  | 437  |  | Younger brother of Abhaya

## Ancient and early medieval Southern Indian dynasties

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See also: History of Southern India and Tamilakam

### Pandya dynasty (c. 600 BCE–1650 CE)

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Main article: Pandya dynasty

#### Early Pandyans

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Main article: Early Pandyan kingdom

* Koon Pandiyan \- (Earliest Known Pandyan king)
* Nedunj Cheliyan I (Aariyap Padai Kadantha Nedunj Cheliyan), he was mentioned in legend of Kannagi
* Pudappandiyan
* Mudukudumi Paruvaludhi
* Nedunj Cheliyan II (Pasumpun Pandiyan)
* Nan Maran
* Nedunj Cheliyan III (Talaiyaalanganathu Seruvendra Nedunj Cheliyan)
* Maran Valudi
* Musiri Mutriya Cheliyan
* Ukkirap Peruvaluthi

#### Middle Pandyans (c. 590–920 CE)

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* Kadungon (590–620 CE)
* Maravarman Avani Culamani (c. 620–645 CE)
* Jayantavarman (c. 645–670 CE)
* Arikesari Maravarman Nindraseer Nedumaaran (c. 670–710 CE)
* Kochadaiyan Ranadhiran (710–735 CE)
* Arikesari Parankusa Maravarman Rajasimha I (735–765)
* Parantaka Nedunjadaiyan (765–815)
* Rasasingan II (790–800)
* Varagunan I (800–830)
* Srimara Srivallabha (815–862)
* Varagunavarman II (862–880)
* Parantaka Viranarayana (880–900)
* Maravarman Rajasimha II (900–920)

#### Pandyans under Chola Empire (c. 920–1216 CE)

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* Sundara Pandyan I
* Vira Pandyan I
* Vira Pandyan II
* Amarabhujanga Tivrakopa
* Jatavarman Sundara Chola Pandyan
* Maravarman Vikrama Chola Pandyan
* Maravarman Parakrama Chola Pandyan
* Jatavarman Chola Pandya
* Seervallabha Manakulachala (1101–1124)
* Maaravaramban Seervallaban (1132–1161)
* Parakrama Pandyan I (1161–1162)
* Kulasekara Pandyan III
* Vira Pandyan III
* Jatavarman Srivallaban (1175–1180)
* Jatavarman Kulasekaran I (1190–1216)

#### Pandalam dynasty (Later Pandyans) (c. 1212–1345 CE)

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Main article: Pandalam dynasty

* Parakrama Pandyan II (1212–1215)
* Maravarman Sundara Pandyan (1216–1238)
* Sadayavarman Kulasekaran II (1238–1240)
* Maravarman Sundara Pandyan II (1238–1251)
* Jatavarman Sundara Pandyan (1251–1268)
* Maaravarman Kulasekara Pandyan I (1268–1308)
* Sundara Pandyan IV (1309–1327)
* Vira Pandyan IV (1309–1345)

#### Tenkasi Pandya dynasty (c. 1422–1650 CE)

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Main article: Tenkasi Pandyas

During the 15th century, the Pandyans lost their traditional capital city Madurai because of the Islamic and Nayaks invasion, and were forced to move their capital to Tirunelveli in southern Tamilakam and existed there as vassals.

* Cataiyavarman Parakrama Pandyan (1422–1463)
* Cataiyavarman III Kulasekara Pandyan (1429–1473)
* Azhagan Perumal Parakrama Pandyan (1473–1506)
* Kulasekara Pandyan (1479–1499)
* Cataiyavarman Civallappa Pandyan (1534–1543)
* Parakrama Kulasekara Pandyan (1543–1552)
* Nelveli Maran (1552–1564)
* Cataiyavarman Adiveerama Pandyan (1564–1604)
* Varathunga Pandyan (1588–1612)
* Varakunarama Pandyan (1613–1618)
* Kollankondan (1618–1650)

### Chera dynasty (c. 600 BCE–1530 CE)

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Ancient Chera kings

Kongu Cheras (c. 400–844 CE)

Makotai Cheras

Venadu Cheras (Kulasekharas) (c. 1090–1530 CE):

* Rama Kulasekhara (1090–1102)
* Kotha Varma Marthandam (1102–1125)
* Vira Kerala Varma I (1125–1145)
* Kodai Kerala Varma (1145–1150)
* Vira Ravi Varma (1145–1150)
* Vira Kerala Varma II (1164–1167)
* Vira Aditya Varma (1167–1173)
* Vira Udaya Martanda Varma (1173–1192)
* Devadaram Vira Kerala Varma III (1192–1195)
* Vira Manikantha Rama Varma Tiruvadi (1195- ?)
* Vira Rama Kerala Varma Tiruvadi (1209–1214)
* Vira Ravi Kerala Varma Tiruvadi (1214–1240)
* Vira Padmanabha Martanda Varma Tiruvadi (1240–1252)
* Ravi Varma (1252–1313)
* Vira Udaya Martanda Varma (1313–1333)
* Aditya Varma Tiruvadi (1333–1335)
* Vira Rama Udaya Martanda Varma Tiruvadi (1335–1342)
* Vira Kerala Varma Tiruvadi (1342–1363)
* Vira Martanda Varma III (1363–1366)
* Vira Rama Martanda Varma (1366–1382)
* Vira Ravi Varma (1383–1416)
* Vira Ravi Ravi Varma (1416–1417)
* Vira Kerala Martanda Varma (1383)
* Chera Udaya Martanda Varma (1383–1444)
* Vira Ravi Varma (1444–1458)
* Sankhara Sri Vira Rama Martanda Varma (1458–1468)
* Vira Kodai Sri Aditya Varma (1468–1484
* Vira Ravi Ravi Varma (1484–1503)
* Martanda Varma, Kulasekhara Perumal (1503–1504)
* Vira Ravi Kerala Varma, Kulasekhara Perumal (1504–1530)

### Chola dynasty (c. 600 BCE–1279 CE)

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#### Ancient Chola kings (c. 600 BCE – 300 CE)

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* Eri Oliyan Vaendhi
* Maandhuvaazhi
* El Mei Nannan
* Keezhai Kinjuvan
* Vazhisai Nannan
* Mei Kiyagusi Aerru
* Aai Kuzhi Agusi Aerru
* Thizhagan Maandhi
* Maandhi Vaelan
* Aai Adumban
* Ilamcetcenni
* Karikala Chola
* Nedunkilli
* Nalankilli
* Killivalavan
* Perunarkilli
* Kocengannan
* Nalluruththiran

#### Chola emperors (848 – 1279 AD)

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### Velir dynasties (c. 300 BCE–1200 CE)

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Main article: Velirs

Major dynasties of Velir are-

* Vēl Pāri
* Ilanji Vel
* Irunkōvēl
* Athiyamān
* Malayamān
* Malaiyamān Thirumudi Kāri
* Athiyamān Nedumān Añci
* Vaiyāvik Kōpperum Pēkan

### Ay dynasty (Velir) (c. 300 BCE–800 CE)

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Main article: Ay dynasty

#### Early Ay Kings

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* Ay Andiran
* Ay Titiyan
* Ay Atiyan

#### Medieval Ay Kings

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* Chadayan Karunanthan
* Karunanthadakkkan Srivallabha (r. 856–884 CE)
* Vikramaditya Varaguna (r. 884–911 CE)

### Pallava dynasty (c. 275 – 897 CE)

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Main article: Pallava dynasty § Chronology

### Kadamba dynasties (c. 345–1310 CE)

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#### Principality of Banavasi (c. 345–540 CE)

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Main article: Kadamba dynasty

Banavasi branch rulers-

* Mayurasharma (345–365)
* Kangavarma (365–390)
* Bhageerath (390–415)
* Raghu (415–435)
* Kakusthavarma (435–455)
* Santivarma (455–460)
* Shiva Mandhatri (460–475)
* Mrigeshavarma (475–485)
* Ravivarma (485–519)
* Harivarma (519–530)

Triparvatha branch rulers-

* Krishna Varma I (455–475)
* Vishnuvarma (475–485)
* Simhavarma (485–516)
* Krishna Varma II (516–540)

#### Principality of Goa (c. 960–1345 CE)

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Main article: Kadambas of Goa

* Shashthadeva I alis Kantakacharya (c. 960 CE), founder of dynasty
* Nagavarma
* Guhalladeva I
* Shashathadeva II
* Guhalladeva II (1038–1042)
* Veeravarmadeva ( 1042–1054)
* Jayakeshi I (1054–1080)
* Guhalladeva II alias Tribhuvanamalla (1080–1125)
* Vijayaditya I alias Vijayarka, (ruling prince up to 1104)
* Jayakeshi II (1125–1148)
* Shivachitta alis Paramadideva ( 1148–1179)
* Vishnuchitta alias Vijayaditya II (1179–1187)
* Jayakeshi III (1188–1216)
* Vajradeva alis Shivachitta (regin?)
* Sovideva alis Tribhuvanamalla (1216–1246?)
* Shashthadeva III (?1246–1265)
* Kamadeva (1265–1310), last known ruler of dynasty

#### Principality of Hangal (c. 980–1275 CE)

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Main article: Kadambas of Hangal

known rulers are-

* Chattadeva (980–1031), founder of dynasty
* Kamadeva
* Somadeva
* Mayuravarma

#### Other minor Kadamba principalities

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Kadambas of Halasi
Kadambas of Bankapur
Kadambas of Bayalnad
Kadambas of Nagarkhanda
Kadambas of Uchchangi
Kadambas of Bayalnadu (Vainadu)

### Chutu dynasty of Banavasi (c. 100 BCE–200 CE)

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List of rulers of Banavasi

### Vishnukundina dynasty of Denduluru (c. 420–624 CE)

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List of rulers of Denduluru

### Chalukya dynasty (c. 500–1200 CE)

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Main articles: Chalukya dynasty, Eastern Chalukyas, Chalukyas of Vemulavada, and Western Chalukya Empire

Ruler | Reign | Capital

|
|

Jayasimha I |  | 500–520 | Badami
Ranaraga |  | 520–540 | Badami
Pulakeshin I |  | 540–567 | Badami
Kirtivarman I |  | 567–592 | Badami
Mangalesha |  | 592–610 | Badami
Pulakeshin II |  | 610–642 | Badami
Kubja Vishnuvardhana I |  | 615/24–641 | Vengi (Eastern)
Jayasimha I (II) |  | 641–673 | Vengi (Eastern)|
Adityavarman |  | 642–645 | Badami
Abhinavaditya |  | 645–646 | Badami
Chandraditya |  | 646–649 | Badami
Regency of Vijaya-Bhattarika (649–655) | Regent for her minor son. She was deposed by her brother-in-law.
A son of Chandraditya |  | 649–655 | Badami
Satyashraya |  | c.650-675 | Vemulavada
Vikramaditya I |  | 655–680 | Badami
Indra Bhattaraka |  | 673 | Vengi (Eastern)
Vishnuvardhana II |  | 673–682 | Vengi (Eastern)
Prithvipathi |  | c.675-700 | Vemulavada
Vinayaditya |  | 680–696 | Badami
Mangi Yuvaraja |  | 682–706 | Vengi (Eastern)
Vijayaditya I |  | 696–733 | Badami
Maharaja |  | c.700-725 | Vemulavada
Jayasimha III |  | 706–718 | Vengi (Eastern)
Kokkli |  | 718–719 | Vengi (Eastern)
Vishnuvardhana III |  | 719–755 | Vengi (Eastern)
Rajaditya |  | c.725-750 | Vemulavada
Vikramaditya II |  | 733–746 | Badami
Kirtivarman II Rahappa |  | 746- 757 | Badami
Vinayaditya Yuddhamalla I |  | c.750-775 | Vemulavada
Vijayaditya I (II) |  | 755–772 | Vengi (Eastern)
Vishnuvardhana IV |  | 755–808 | Vengi (Eastern)
Arikesari I |  | c.775-800 | Vemulavada
Narasimha I |  | c.800-825 | Vemulavada
Vijayaditya II (III) |  | 808–847 | Vengi (Eastern)
Yuddhamalla II |  | c.825-850 | Vemulavada
Kali Vishnuvardhana V |  | 847–849 | Vengi (Eastern)
Vijayaditya III (IV) | 849–892 | Vengi (Eastern)  | Brothers, ruled together.
Vikramaditya I (III) |  | Vengi (Eastern)
Yuddhamalla I |  | Vengi (Eastern)
Baddega I Soladaganda |  | c.850-895 | Vemulavada
Bhima I |  | 892–921 | Vengi (Eastern)
Yuddhamalla III |  | c.895-915 | Vemulavada
Narasimha II |  | c.915-930 | Vemulavada
Vijayaditya IV (V) |  | 921 | Vengi (Eastern)
Amma I |  | 921–927 | Vengi (Eastern)  | Probably brothers, ruled jointly.
Vishnuvardhana VI |  | Vengi (Eastern)
Vijayaditya V (VI) |  | 927 | Vengi (Eastern)
Tadapa |  | 927 | Vengi (Eastern)
Vikramaditya II (IV) |  | 927–928 | Vengi (Eastern)
Bhima II |  | 928–929 | Vengi (Eastern)
Yuddhamalla II |  | 929–935 | Vengi (Eastern)
Arikesari II |  | c.930-941 | Vemulavada
Bhima III |  | 935–947 | Vengi (Eastern)
Baddega II |  | 941-946 | Vemulavada | Ruled jointly.
Vagaraja |  | 941-950 | Vemulavada
Arikesari III |  | 946/950-968 | Vemulavada |
Annexed to the Western Chalukya Empire
Amma II |  | 947–970 | Vengi (Eastern)
Danarnava |  | 970–973 | Vengi (Eastern)
Tailapa II Ahvamalla |  | 973–997 | Kalyani (Western)
Jata Choda Bhima |  | 973–999 | Vengi (Eastern)
Satyashraya |  | 997–1008 | Kalyani (Western)
Shaktivarman I |  | 999–1011 | Vengi (Eastern)
Vikramaditya V |  | 1008–1015 | Kalyani (Western)
Vimaladitya |  | 1011–1018 | Vengi (Eastern)
Jayasimha II (III) |  | 1015–1043 | Kalyani (Western)
Rajaraja Narendra |  | 1018–1061 | Vengi (Eastern)
Rajaraja had support in the throne from the Cholas, whose influence grew significantly. He supported Cholas against his cousins, the Western Chalukyas. His own son managed to succeed in the Chola Empire, in 1070, as Kulottunga I, beginning the Later Cholas period, in which the Chola Empire was ruled by a branch of the Eastern Chalukyas renamed Chola, which inherited Narendra's kingdom. It's possible, then, that the following rulers were governors for the Chola Emperor ruling Eastern Chalukya territory:

* Shaktivarman II (1061-1062);
* Vijayaditya VII (1062-1075), also son of Vimaladitya, but half-brother of Rajaraja Narendra. Ascended with support from Western Chalukyas.
* Rajaraja (1075-1079)
* Vishuvardhana VII (1079-1102), last known Chalukya ruler of Vengi.

Annexed to the Chola Empire (1061-1118); Annexed to the Western Chalukya Empire (since 1118)
Someshvara I Trilokyamalla |  | 1042–1068 | Kalyani (Western)
Someshvara II Bhuvanaikamalla |  | 1068–1076 | Kalyani (Western)
Vikramaditya VI Tribhuvanamalla |  | 1076–1126 | Kalyani (Western)
Someshvara III |  | 1126–1138 | Kalyani (Western)
Jagadhekamalla II |  | 1138–1151 | Kalyani (Western)
Tailapa III |  | 1151–1164 | Kalyani (Western)
Jagadhekamalla III |  | 1164–1183 | Kalyani (Western)
Someshvara IV |  | 1183–1200 | Kalyani (Western)
Annexed to the Seuna, Hoysala and the Kakatiya dynasties

## Middle Kingdoms (c. 250s BCE – 550s CE)

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Main article: Middle kingdoms of India

### Kingdom of the Deccan or Dakshinapath (Satavahana dynasty) (c. 228 BCE – 224 CE)

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Satavahana kings

### Kingdom of Kalinga (Mahameghavahana dynasty) (c. 225 BCE – 300 CE)

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Main article: Mahameghavahana dynasty

* Maharaja Vasu
* Maharaja Mahamegha Vahana
* Sobhanaraja
* Chandraja
* Ksemaraja
* Vakradeva (or) Virdhharaja
* Kharavela (c. 193 BCE–155 BCE)[4][5]
* Kudepasiri Vakradeva ll
* Vaduka
* Galaveya
* Mana-Sada
* Siri-Sada
* Maha-Sada
* Sivamaka-Sada
* Asaka-Sada

### Kingdom of Kangleipak (Manipur) (c. 200s BCE –1950 CE)

[edit]

List of Manipuri kings

### Kuninda Kingdom (c. 2nd century BCE to 3rd century CE)

[edit]

The only known ruler of Kuninda Kingdom is:

* Amoghabhuti (late 2nd to early 1st century BCE)

### Indo-Greek Kingdom (Yavanarajya) (c. 200 BCE – 10 CE)

[edit]

List of Indo-Greek Kings

### Indo-Scythian (Saka) ( c. 12 BCE – 395 CE)

[edit]

List of Indo-Scythian dynasties and rulers

### Kushan Empire (c. 1 – 375 CE)

[edit]

List of Kushan emperors

### Indo-Parthian (Pahalava) (c. 21 – 100 CE)

[edit]

List of Indo-Parthian kings

### Indo-Sasanian Kingdom (c. 233 – 365 CE)

[edit]

List of Indo-Sasanian kings

### Alchon Huns (Huna) (c. 400 – 670 CE)

[edit]

List of Alchon Hun Kings

### Chutu dynasty of Banavasi (c. 100 BCE–200 CE)

[edit]

Kings of Banavasi

### Khokhra chieftaincy (c. 64–1952 CE)

[edit]

List of Nagvanshi chiefs

### Kingdom of Padmavati (c. 170–350 CE)

[edit]

Kings of Padmavati

### Principality of Samatata (Chandra dynasty) (c. 202–1050 CE)

[edit]

Prince of Samatata

### Kingdom of Abhira (203–370 CE)

[edit]

Main article: Abhira dynasty

* Abhira Sivadatta
* Sakasena alias Saka Satakrni
* Abhira Ishwarsena alias Mahaksatrapa Isvaradatta
* Abhira Vashishthiputra Vasusena

### Principality of Khoh (c. 221–1028 CE)

[edit]

Prince of Khoh

### Second Magadha Empire (c. 240 – 750 CE)

[edit]

* Imperial Guptas
* Later Guptas

### Vakataka dynasty (c. 250–500 CE)

[edit]

Vakataka family tree

### Kingdom of Malwa (c. 300 – 550 CE)

[edit]

List of monarchs of Malwa (Aulikara dynasty)

### Kingdom of Kamarupa (350–650 CE)

[edit]

Kings of Kamarupa

### Principality of Talakad (Western Gangas) (350–1424 CE)

[edit]

Prince of Talakad

### Kingdom of Kalinga (Eastern Gangas)

[edit]

Kings of Kalinga (Eastern Gangas)

#### Other minor Ganga states

[edit]

##### Principality of Gudari Kataka

[edit]

Main article: Gudari, Rayagada

According to Gangavansucharitam written in sixteenth or seventeenth century, Bhanu Deva IV also known as Kajjala Bhanu founded a new small princedom in southern Odisha at Gudari in modern Rayagada district after he was toppled from power by his general Kapilendra Deva.[6]

* Kajjala Bhanu (or Bhanu Deva IV)
* Svarna Bhanu
* Kalasandha Deva
* Chudanga Deva
* Harimani Deva
* Narasimha Deva
* Ananta Deva
* Padmanabha Deva
* Pitambara Deva
* Vasudeva
* Purrushottama Anangabhima Deva (or Bhima Deva)

##### Principality of Chikiti (c. 881–1950 CE)

[edit]

Prince of Chikiti

##### Parlakhemundi Estate#Rulers (c. 1309–1950)

[edit]

Zamindars of Parlakhemundi

### Principality of Aparanta (Traikutaka dynasty) (c. 370–520 CE)

[edit]

Prince of Aparanta

### Kingdom of Vallabhi (Maitraka dynasty) (c. 475–776 CE)

[edit]

Kings of Vallabhi

### Kingdom of Sindh (Rai dynasty) (c. 489–632 CE)

[edit]

Kings of Sindh (Rai)

### Kabul Shahi Kingdom (c. 500–1026 CE)

[edit]

In Kabul Shahi Kingdom two dynasties ruled (both were Hindu dynasties):

* Turk Shahi (c. 500–850 CE)
* Hindu Shahi (c. 850–1026 CE)

### Principality of Thanesar (Pushyabhuti dynasty) (c. 500 – 647 CE)

[edit]

Prince of Thanesar

### Jaintia Kingdom (c. 525–1835 CE)

[edit]

Rulers of Jantia

## Early Medieval Period (c. 550s CE – c. 1200s CE)

[edit]

### Kalachuri dynasties (c. 550 – 1225 CE)

[edit]

#### Kingdom of Malwa (Early Kalachuris) (c. 550 – 625 CE)

[edit]

Kings of Malwa (Kalachuri)

#### Kalachuri dynasty of Tripuri/Chedi (Later Kalachuris) (c. 675 – 1212 CE)

[edit]

Main article: Kalachuris of Tripuri

Rulers-

* Vamaraja-deva (675–700 CE), founder of dynasty
* Shankaragana I (750–775 CE)
* Lakshmana-raja I (825–850 CE)
* Kokalla I (850–890 CE); his younger son established the Ratnapura Kalachuri branch
* Shankaragana II (890–910 CE), alias Mugdhatunga
* Balaharsha (910–915 CE)
* Yuvaraja-deva I (915–945 CE)
* Lakshmana-raja II (945–970 CE)
* Shankaragana III (970–980 CE)
* Yuvaraja-deva II (980–990 CE)
* Kokalla II (990–1015 CE)
* Gangeya-deva (1015–1041 CE)
* Lakshmi-karna (1041–1073 CE), alias Karna
* Yashah-karna (1073–1123 CE)
* Gaya-karna (1123–1153 CE)
* Nara-simha (1153–1163 CE)
* Jaya-simha (1163–1188 CE)
* Vijaya-simha (1188–1210 CE)
* Trailokya-malla (c. 1210– at least 1212 CE), last ruler[7]

#### Kalachuri dynasty of Ratnapura (c. 1000 – 1225 CE)

[edit]

Main article: Kalachuris of Ratnapura

The following is a list of the Ratnapura Kalachuri rulers, with estimated period of their reigns:[8]

* Kalinga-raja (1000–1020 CE), founder of dynasty
* Kamala-raja (1020–1045 CE)
* Ratna-raja (1045–1065 CE), alias Ratna-deva I
* Prithvi-deva I (1065–1090 CE), alias Prithvisha
* Jajalla-deva I (1090–1120 CE) (declared independence)
* Ratna-Deva II (1120–1135 CE)
* Prithvi-deva II (1135–1165 CE)
* Jajalla-deva II (1165–1168 CE)
* Jagad-deva (1168–1178 CE)
* Ratna-deva III (1178–1200 CE)
* Pratapa-malla (1200–1225 CE)
* Parmardi Dev (governor of Eastern Gangas)

#### Kalachuri dynasty of Kalyani (Southern Kalachuris) (c. 1130 – 1184 CE)

[edit]

Main article: Kalachuris of Kalyani

Rulers-

* Bijjala II (1130–1167), proclaimed independence from Kalyani Chalukyas in 1162 CE
* Sovideva (1168–1176)
* Mallugi, overthrown by his brother Sankama
* Sankama (1176–1180)
* Ahavamalla (1180–83)
* Singhana (1183–84), last ruler

### Patola/Gilgit Shahi dynasty (c. 550 – 750 CE)

[edit]

Main article: Patola Shahis

Regin of known rulers is disputed-[9][10]

* Somana (Mid 6th century CE)
* Vajraditayanandin (585–605 CE)
* Vikramadityanandin (605–625 CE)
* Surendravikramadityanandin (625–644 or 654 CE)
* Navasurendrāditya-nandin (644 or 654–685 CE)
* Jayamaṅgalavikramāditya-nandin (685–710 CE)
* Nandivikramadityanandin (710–715 CE)
* Su-fu-che-li-chi-li-ni (name by foreign sources) (715–720 CE)
* Surendradityanandin (720–740 or 750 CE), last known ruler

### Gurjara-Pratihara Empire (c. 550 – 1036 CE)

[edit]

Main article: Gurjara-Pratihara dynasty

#### Pratiharas of Mandavyapura (Mandor) (c. 550 – 860 CE)

[edit]

Main article: Pratiharas of Mandavyapura

R. C. Majumdar, on the other hand, assumed a period of 25 years for each generation, and placed him in c. 550 CE. The following is a list of the dynasty's rulers (IAST names in brackets) and estimates of their reigns, assuming a period of 25 years.

* Harichandra (Haricandra) alias Rohilladhi (r. c. 550 CE), founder of dynasty
* Rajilla (r. c. 575 CE)
* Narabhatta (Narabhaṭa) alias Pellapelli (r. c. 600 CE)
* Nagabhata (Nāgabhaṭa) alias Nahada (r. c. 625 CE)
* Tata (Tāta) and Bhoja (r. c. 650 CE)
* Yashovardhana (Yaśovardhana) (r. c. 675 CE)
* Chanduka (Canduka) (r. c. 700 CE)
* Shiluka (Śīluka) alias Silluka (r. c. 725 CE)
* Jhota (r. c. 750 CE)
* Bhilladitya alias Bhilluka (r. c. 775 CE)
* Kakka (r. c. 800 CE)
* Bauka (Bāuka) (r. c. 825 CE)
* Kakkuka (r. c. 861 CE), last ruler

#### Imperial Pratiharas of Kannauj (c. 730 – 1036 CE)

[edit]

Main article: Gurjara-Pratihara dynasty

List of rulers–
List of Imperial Gurjara-Pratihara dynasty rulers  Serial No.  | Ruler  | Reign (CE)

|
|

1  | Nagabhata I | 730–760
2  | Kakustha and Devaraja | 760–780
3  | Vatsaraja | 780–800
4  | Nagabhata II | 800–833
5  | Ramabhadra | 833–836
6  | Mihira Bhoja or Bhoja I  | 836–885
7  | Mahendrapala I | 885–910
8  | Bhoja II | 910–913
9  | Mahipala I | 913–944
10  | Mahendrapala II | 944–948
11  | Devapala  | 948–954
12  | Vinayakapala  | 954–955
13  | Mahipala II  | 955–956
14  | Vijayapala II  | 956–960
15  | Rajapala  | 960–1018
16  | Trilochanapala  | 1018–1027
17  | Yasahpala | 1024–1036

#### Other Pratihara Branches

[edit]

Baddoch Branch (c. 600 – 700 CE)

Known Baddoch rulers are-

* Dhaddha 1 (600–627)
* Dhaddha 2 (627–655)
* Jaibhatta (655–700)

Rajogarh Branch

Badegujar were rulers of Rajogarh

* Parmeshver Manthandev, (885–915)
* No records found after Parmeshver Manthandev

### Chahamana (Chauhan) dynasties (c. 551 – 1315 CE)

[edit]

The ruling dynasties belonging to the Chauhan clan included–

* Chahamanas of Shakambhari (Chauhans of Ajmer) (c. 551 – 1194 CE)
* Chahamanas of Naddula (Chauhans of Nadol) (c. 950 – 1197 CE)
* Chahamanas of Jalor (c. 1160 – 1311 CE), branched off from the Chahamanas of Naddula
* Chahamanas of Ranastambhapura (c. 1192 – 1301 CE), branched off from the Chahamanas of Shakambhari
* Chahamanas of Chandravati and Abu (Kingdom of Sirohi) (c. 1311 – 1949 CE)
* Chahamanas of Lata
* Chahamanas of Dholpur
* Chahamanas of Partabgarh
* Hada Chauhan kingdoms of Hadoti region are–
* Kingdom of Bundi (c. 1342 – 1949 CE)
* Kingdom of Kota (c. 1579 – 1948 CE)
* Kingdom of Jhalawar (c. 1838 – 1949 CE), branched off from the Kingdom of Kota in 1838 CE.

#### Chahamanas of Sambhar Ajmer and Delhi (c. 551 – 1194 CE)

[edit]

Main article: Chahamanas of Shakambhari

Following is a list of Chahamana rulers of Shakambhari, Ajmer and Delhi with approximate period of reign, as estimated historian by R. B. Singh:[11]

Serial no.  | Regnal names  | Reign (CE)

|
|

1  | Chahamana | (mythical)
2  | Vasu-deva | c. 551 CE (disputed)
3  | Samanta-raja | 684–709
4  | Nara-deva | 709–721
5  | Ajaya-raja I | 721–734
6  | Vigraha-raja I | 734–759
7  | Chandra-raja I | 759–771
8  | Gopendra-raja | 771–784
9  | Durlabha-raja I | 784–809
10  | Govinda-raja I alias Guvaka I | 809–836
11  | Chandra-raja II | 836–863
12  | Govindaraja II alias Guvaka II | 863–890
13  | Chandana-raja | 890–917
14  | Vakpati-raja | 917–944
15  | Simha-raja | 944–971
16  | Vigraha-raja II | 971–998
17  | Durlabha-raja II | 998–1012
18  | Govinda-raja III | 1012–1026
19  | Vakpati-raja II | 1026–1040
20  | Viryarama | 1040 (few months)
21  | Chamunda-raja | 1040–1065
22  | Durlabha-raja III alias Duśala | 1065–1070
23  | Vigraha-raja III alias Visala | 1070–1090
24  | Prithvi-raja I | 1090–1110
25  | Ajaya-raja II | 1110–1135
26  | Arno-raja alias Ana | 1135–1150
27  | Jagad-deva | 1150
28  | Vigraha-raja IV alias Visaladeva | 1150–1164
29  | Apara-gangeya | 1164–1165
30  | Prithvi-raja II | 1165–1169
31  | Someshvara | 1169–1178
32  | Prithviraja III Rai Pithora | 1177–1192
33  | Govinda-raja IV | 1192–1193
34  | Hari-raja | 1193–1194

#### Chahamanas of Naddula (c. 950 – 1197 CE)

[edit]

Main article: Chahamanas of Naddula

Following is a list of Chahmana rulers of Naddula, with approximate period of reign, as estimated by R. B. Singh:

List of Chauhan rulers of Naddula  Serial no.  | Kings  | Reign (CE)

|
|

1  | Lakshmana | 950–982
2  | Shobhita | 982–986
3  | Baliraja | 986–990
4  | Vigrahapala | 990–994
5  | Mahindra | 994–1015
6  | Ashvapala | 1015–1019
7  | Ahila | 1019–1024
8  | Anahilla | 1024–1055
9  | Balaprasada | 1055–1070
10  | Jendraraja | 1070–1080
11  | Prithvipala | 1080–1090
12  | Jojalladeva | 1090–1110
13  | Asharaja | 1110–1119
14  | Ratnapala | 1119–1132
15  | Rayapala | 1132–1145
16  | Katukaraja | 1145–1148
17  | Alhanadeva | 1148–1163
18  | Kelhanadeva | 1163–1193
19  | Jayatasimha | 1193–1197

#### Chahamanas of Jalor (c. 1160 – 1311 CE)

[edit]

Main article: Chahamanas of Jalor

The Chahamana rulers of the Jalor branch, with their estimated periods of reign, are as follows:[12]

Virama-deva (1311 CE) was last ruler of dynasty, crowned during the Siege of Jalore, but died 21⁄2 days later.[13][14]

List of Chauhan rulers of Jalor  Serial no.  | Kings  | Reign (CE)

|
|

1  | Kirti-pala | 1160–1182
2  | Samara-simha | 1182–1204
3  | Udaya-simha | 1204–1257
4  | Chachiga-deva | 1257–1282
5  | Samanta-simha | 1282–1305
6  | Kanhada-deva | 1292–1311
7  | Virama-deva | 1311

#### Chahamanas of Ranastambhapura (c. 1192 – 1301 CE)

[edit]

Main article: Chahamanas of Ranastambhapura

List of Chauhan rulers of Ranastambhapura  Serial no.  | Kings  | Reign (CE)

|
|

1  | Govinda-raja | 1192
2  | Balhana-deva  |
3  | Prahlada-deva  |
4  | Viranarayana  |
5  | Vagabhata  |
6  | Jaitra-simha  |
7  | Shakti-deva  |
8  | Hammira-deva | 1283–1311

### Kingdom of Mewar (c. 566 – 1947 CE)

[edit]

Main article: Kingdom of Mewar

In the 6th century, three different Guhila dynasties are known to have ruled in present-day Rajasthan:

1. Guhilas of Nagda-Ahar– most important branch and future ruling dynasty of Mewar.
2. Guhilas of Kishkindha (modern Kalyanpur)
3. Guhilas of Dhavagarta (modern Dhor)

#### Guhila dynasty (c. 566 – 1303 CE)

[edit]

Main articles: Guhila dynasty and Gahlot

List of Guhila dynasty rulers  Nu.  | King (Rawal)  | Reign (CE)

|
|

1  | Rawal Guhil | 566–586
2  | Rawal Bhoj  | 586–606
3  | Rawal Mahendra I  | 606–626
4  | Rawal Naga (Nagaditya)  | 626–646
5  | Rawal Shiladitya  | 646–661
6  | Rawal Aprajeet  | 661–688
7  | Rawal Mahendra II  | 688–716
8  | Bappa Rawal | 728–753
9  | Rawal Khuman I  | 753–773
10  | Rawal Mattat  | 773–793
11  | Rawal Bhartri Bhatt I  | 793–813
12  | Rawal Sinh  | 813–828
13  | Rawal Khuman II  | 828–853
14  | Rawal Mahayak  | 853–878
15  | Rawal Khuman III  | 878–926
16  | Rawal Bhartri Bhatt II  | 926–951
17  | Rawal Allat  | 951–971
18  | Rawal Narwahan  | 971–973
19  | Rawal Saliwahan  | 973–977
20  | Rawal Shakti Kumar  | 977–993
21  | Rawal Amba Prasad  | 993–1007
22  | Rawal Shuchivarma  | 1007–1021
23  | Rawal Narvarma  | 1021–1035
24  | Rawal Keertivarma  | 1035–1051
25  | Rawal Yograj  | 1051–1068
26  | Rawal Vairath  | 1068–1088
27  | Rawal Hanspal  | 1088–1103
28  | Rawal Vair Singh  | 1103–1107
29  | Rawal Vijai Singh  | 1107–1116
30  | Rawal Ari Singh I  | 1116–1138
31  | Rawal Chaudh Singh  | 1138–1148
32  | Rawal Vikram Singh  | 1148–1158
33  | Rawal Ran Singh  | 1158–1168
Post-split Rawal branch rulers
34  | Rawal Khshem Singh  | 1168–1172
35  | Rawal Samant Singh  | 1172–1179
36  | Rawal Kumar Singh  | 1179–1191
37  | Rawal Mathan Singh  | 1191–1211
38  | Rawal Padam Singh  | 1211–1213
39  | Rawal Jaitra Singh | 1213–1252
40  | Rawal Tej Singh | 1252–1273
41  | Rawal Samar Singh | 1273–1302
42  | Rawal Ratan Singh | 1302–1303

#### Branching of Guhil dynasty

[edit]

During reign of Rawal Ran Singh (1158–1168), the Guhil dynasty got divided into two branches.

First (Rawal Branch)

Rawal Khshem Singh (1168–1172), son of Ran Singh, ruled over Mewar by building Rawal Branch.

Second (Rana Branch)

Rahapa, the second son of Ran Singh started the Rana Branch by establishing Sisoda bases. Later Hammir Singh of Sisoda base started main Sisodia or Mewar dynasty in 1326 CE.

#### Rana branch rulers (c. 1168 – 1326 CE)

[edit]

"Rahapa", a son of Ranasimha alias Karna, established the Rana branch. According to the 1652 Eklingji inscription, Rahapa's successors were:

List of Rana branch rulers  Nu.  | King (Rana)  | Reign (CE)

|
|

1  | Rahapa/Karna  | 1168 CE
2  | Narapati  |
3  | Dinakara  |
4  | Jasakarna  |
5  | Nagapala  |
6  | Karnapala  |
7  | Bhuvanasimha  |
8  | Bhimasimha  |
9  | Jayasimha  |
10  | Lakhanasimha  |
11  | Arisimha  |
12  | Hammir Singh | 1326 CE

#### Sisodia dynasty (c. 1326 – 1947 CE)

[edit]

Main articles: Sisodia dynasty and List of ranas of Mewar

Picture  | King (Maharana)  | Reign

|
|

| Hammir Singh | 1326–1364
| Kshetra Singh | 1364–1382
| Lakha Singh | 1382–1421
| Mokal Singh | 1421–1433
| Rana Kumbha | 1433–1468
| Udai Singh I | 1468–1473
| Rana Raimal | 1473–1508
| Rana Sanga | 1508–1527
| Ratan Singh II | 1528–1531
| Vikramaditya Singh | 1531–1536
| Vanvir Singh | 1536–1540
| Udai Singh II | 1540–1572
| Maharana Pratap | 1572–1597
| Amar Singh I | 1597–1620
| Karan Singh II | 1620–1628
| Jagat Singh I | 1628–1652
| Raj Singh I | 1652–1680
| Jai Singh | 1680–1698
| Amar Singh II | 1698–1710
| Sangram Singh II | 1710–173
| Jagat Singh II | 1734–1751
| Pratap Singh II | 1751–1754
| Raj Singh II | 1754–1762
| Ari Singh II | 1762–1772
| Hamir Singh II | 1772–1778
| Bhim Singh | 1778–1828
| Jawan Singh | 1828–1838
| Sardar Singh | 1838–1842
| Swarup Singh | 1842–1861
| Shambhu Singh | 1861–1874
| Sajjan Singh | 1874–1884
| Fateh Singh | 1884–1930
| Bhupal Singh | 1930–1948

1948-1955
(titular)
| Titular Maharanas
| Bhagwat Singh | 1955–1984
| Mahendra Singh | 1984–present

### Gauda Kingdom (c. 590 – 626 CE)

[edit]

Main article: Gauda Kingdom

* Shashanka (590–625 CE), first recorded independent king of Bengal, created the first unified political entity in Bengal
* Manava (625–626 CE), ruled for 8 months before being conquered by Harshavardhana and Bhaskarvarman

### Karkota dynasty of Kashmir (c. 625–855 CE)

[edit]

Main articles: Karkota dynasty and Kashmir

* Durlabhavardhana (625–662), (founder of the dynasty)
* Durlabhaka or Pratipaditya (662–712)
* Chandrapeeda or Varnaditya (712–720)
* Tarapida or Udayaditya (720–724)
* Lalitaditya Muktapida (724–760), (built the famous Martand Sun Temple in Kashmir)
* Kuvalayaditya (760–761)
* Vajraditya or Bapyayika or Lalitapida (761–768)
* Prithivyapida I (768–772)
* Sangramapida (772–779)
* Jayapida (also Pandit and poet) (779–813)
* Lalitapida (813–825)
* Sangramapida II (825–832)
* Chipyata-Jayapida (832–885), (last ruler of dynasty)

Other puppet rulers under Utpala dynasty are

* Ajitapida
* Anangapida
* Utpalapida
* Sukhavarma

### Chacha dynasty of Sindh (c. 632–724 CE)

[edit]

Main article: Brahman dynasty of Sindh

The known rulers of the Brahman dynasty are:[15]

* Chach (632–671 CE)
* Chandar (671–679 CE)
* Dahir (679–712 CE)

Under the Umayyad Caliphate

* Dahirsiya (679–709 CE) from Brahmanabad
* Hullishāh (712–724 CE)
* Shishah (until 724 CE)

### Mlechchha dynasty of Kamarupa (650–900 CE)

[edit]

Main articles: Mlechchha dynasty and Kamarupa

* Salastamba (650–670), founder of dynasty
* Vijaya alias Vigrahastambha
* Palaka
* Kumara
* Vajradeva
* Harshadeva alias Harshavarman (725–745)
* Balavarman II
* Jivaraja
* Digleswaravarman
* Salambha[16]
* Harjjaravarman (815–832)
* Vanamalavarmadeva (832–855)
* Jayamala alias Virabahu (855–860)
* Balavarman III (860–880)
* Tyagasimha (890–900), last ruler of dynasty

### Garhwal Kingdom (c. 688–1949 CE)

[edit]

Main article: Garhwal Kingdom

Mola Ram the 18th century painter, poet, historian and diplomat of Garhwal wrote the historical work Garhrajvansh Ka Itihas (History of the Garhwal royal dynasty) which is the only source of information about several Garhwal rulers.[17][18]

Rulers of Garhwal - Panwar clan of Garhwali Rajputs  No.  | Name  | Reign  | Years Reigned  | No.  | Name  | Reign  | Years Reigned  | No.  | Name  | Reign  | Years Reigned

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

1  | Kanak Pal | 688–699  | 11  | 21  | Vikram Pal  | 1116–1131  | 15  | 41  | Vijay Pal  | 1426–1437  | 11
2  | Shyam Pal  | 699–725  | 26  | 22  | Vichitra Pal  | 1131–1140  | 9  | 42  | Sahaj Pal  | 1437–1473  | 36
3  | Pandu Pal  | 725–756  | 31  | 23  | Hans Pal  | 1141–1152  | 11  | 43  | Bahadur Shah  | 1473–1498  | 25
4  | Abhijat Pal  | 756–780  | 24  | 24  | Som Pal  | 1152–1159  | 7  | 44  | Man Shah  | 1498–1518  | 20
5  | Saugat Pal  | 781–800  | 19  | 25  | Kadil Pal  | 1159–1164  | 5  | 45  | Shyam Shah  | 1518–1527  | 9
6  | Ratna Pal  | 800–849  | 49  | 26  | Kamadev Pal  | 1172–1179  | 7  | 46  | Mahipat Shah  | 1527–1552  | 25
7  | Shali Pal  | 850–857  | 7  | 27  | Sulakshan Dev  | 1179–1197  | 18  | 47  | Prithvi Shah  | 1552–1614  | 62
8  | Vidhi Pal  | 858–877  | 19  | 28  | Lakhan Dev  | 1197–1220  | 23  | 48  | Medini Shah  | 1614–1660  | 46
9  | Madan Pal  | 877–894  | 17  | 29  | Anand Pal II  | 1220–1241  | 21  | 49  | Fateh Shah | 1660–1708  | 48
10  | Bhakti Pal  | 895–919  | 24  | 30  | Purva Dev  | 1241–1260  | 19  | 50  | Upendra Shah  | 1708–1709  | 1
11  | Jayachand Pal  | 920–948  | 28  | 31  | Abhay Dev  | 1260–1267  | 7  | 51  | Pradip Shah  | 1709–1772  | 63
12  | Prithvi Pal  | 949–971  | 22  | 32  | Jayaram Dev  | 1267–1290  | 23  | 52  | Lalit Shah  | 1772–1780  | 8
13  | Medinisen Pal  | 972–995  | 23  | 33  | Asal Dev  | 1290–1299  | 9  | 53  | Jayakrit Shah  | 1780–1786  | 6
14  | Agasti Pal  | 995–1014  | 19  | 34  | Jagat Pal  | 1299–1311  | 12  | 54  | Pradyumna Shah | 1786–1804  | 18
15  | Surati Pal  | 1015–1036  | 21  | 35  | Jit Pal  | 1311–1330  | 19  | 55  | Sudarshan Shah | 1804–1859  | 55
16  | Jay Pal  | 1037–1055  | 18  | 36  | Anant Pal II  | 1330–1358  | 28  | 56  | Bhawani Shah  | 1859–1871  | 12
17  | Anant Pal I  | 1056–1072  | 16  | 37  | Ajay Pal  | 1358–1389  | 31  | 57  | Pratap Shah  | 1871–1886  | 15
18  | Anand Pal I  | 1072–1083  | 11  | 38  | Kalyan Shah  | 1389–1398  | 9  | 58  | Kirti Shah  | 1886–1913  | 27
19  | Vibhog Pal  | 1084–1101  | 17  | 39  | Sundar Pal  | 1398–1413  | 15  | 59  | Narendra Shah  | 1913–1946  | 33
20  | Suvayanu Pal  | 1102–1115  | 13  | 40  | Hansadev Pal  | 1413–1426  | 13  | 60  | Manabendra Shah | 1946–1949  | 3

### Mallabhum (Bishnupur) kingdom (c. 694–1947 CE)

[edit]

Main article: Mallabhum kingdom

Mallabhum kingdom or Bishnupur kingdom was the kingdom ruled by the Malla kings of Bishnupur, primarily in the present Bankura district in Indian state of West Bengal.[19] (also known as Mallabhoom),[20]

Name of the king[21][22] | Reign

|

Adi Malla | 694–710
Jay Malla | 710–720
Benu Malla  | 720–733
Kinu Malla | 733–742
Indra Malla  | 742–757
Kanu Malla | 757–764
Dha (Jhau) Malla  | 764–775
Shur Malla | 775–795
Kanak Malla  | 795–807
Kandarpa Malla  | 807–828
Sanatan Malla  | 828–841
Kharga Malla | 841–862
Durjan (Durjay) Malla  | 862–906
Yadav Malla | 906–919
Jagannath Malla  | 919–931
Birat Malla  | 931–946
Mahadev Malla  | 946–977
Durgadas Malla  | 977–994
Jagat Malla | 994–1007
Ananta Malla  | 1007–1015
Rup Malla  | 1015–1029
Sundar Malla  | 1029–1053
Kumud Malla  | 1053–1074
Krishna Malla  | 1074–1084
Rup II (Jhap) Malla  | 1084–1097
Prakash Malla | 1097–1102
Pratap Malla  | 1102–1113
Sindur Malla  | 1113–1129
Sukhomoy(Shuk) Malla  | 1129–1142
Banamali Malla  | 1142–1156
Yadu/Jadu Malla  | 1156–1167
Jiban Malla  | 1167–1185
Ram Malla | 1185–1209
Gobinda Malla  | 1209–1240
Bhim Malla | 1240–1263
Katar(Khattar) Malla  | 1263–1295
Prithwi Malla | 1295 -1319
Tapa Malla  | 1319–1334
Dinabandhu Malla | 1334–1345
Kinu/Kanu II Malla  | 1345–1358
Shur Malla II  | 1358–1370
Shiv Singh Malla | 1370–1407
Madan Malla | 1407–1420
Durjan II (Durjay) Malla  | 1420–1437
Uday Malla  | 1437–1460
Chandra Malla | 1460–1501
Bir Malla | 1501–1554
Dhari Malla | 1554–1565
Hambir Malla Dev (Bir Hambir) | 1565–1620
Dhari Hambir Malla Dev | 1620–1626
Raghunath Singha Dev | 1626–1656
Bir Singha Dev | 1656–1682
Durjan Singha Dev | 1682–1702
Raghunath Singha Dev II | 1702–1712
Gopal Singha Dev | 1712–1748
Chaitanya Singha Dev | 1748–1801
Madhav Singha Dev | 1801–1809
Gopal Singha Dev II | 1809–1876
Ramkrishna Singha Dev | 1876–1885
Dwhaja Moni Devi  | 1885–1889
Nilmoni Singha Dev | 1889–1903
Churamoni Devi (Regency)  | 1903–1930
Kalipada Singha Thakur | 1930–1947

### Chand Kingdom of Kumaon (700–1790 CE)

[edit]

Main article: Chand kings

Badri Datt Pandey, in his book Kumaun Ka Itihaas lists the Chand kings as following:

King  | Reign

|

Som Chand  | 700–721
Atm Chand  | 721–740
Purn Chand  | 740–758
Indra Chand  | 758–778
Sansar Chand  | 778–813
Sudha Chand  | 813–833
Hamir Chand  | 833–856
Vina Chand  | 856–869
Vir Chand  | 1065–1080
Rup Chand  | 1080–1093
Laxmi Chand  | 1093–1113
Dharm Chand  | 1113–1121
Karm Chand  | 1121–1140
Ballal Chand  | 1140–1149
Nami Chand  | 1149–1170
Nar Chand  | 1170–1177
Nanaki Chand  | 1177–1195
Ram Chand  | 1195–1205
Bhishm Chand  | 1205–1226
Megh Chand  | 1226–1233
Dhyan Chand  | 1233–1251
Parvat Chand  | 1251–1261
Thor Chand  | 1261–1275
Kalyan Chand II  | 1275–1296
Trilok Chand  | 1296–1303
Damaru Chand  | 1303–1321
Dharm Chand  | 1321–1344
Abhay Chand  | 1344–1374
Garur Gyan Chand  | 1374–1419
Harihar Chand  | 1419–1420
Udyan Chand  | 1420–1421
Atma Chand II  | 1421–1422
Hari Chand II  | 1422–1423
Vikram Chand  | 1423–1437
Bharati Chand  | 1437–1450
Ratna Chand  | 1450–1488
Kirti Chand  | 1488–1503
Pratap Chand  | 1503–1517
Tara Chand  | 1517–1533
Manik Chand  | 1533–1542
Kalyan Chand III  | 1542–1551
Purna Chand  | 1551–1555
Bhishm Chand  | 1555–1560
Balo Kalyan Chand  | 1560–1568
Rudra Chand  | 1568–1597
Laxmi Chand  | 1597–1621
Dilip Chand  | 1621–1624
Vijay Chand  | 1624–1625
Trimal Chand  | 1625–1638
Baz Bahadur Chand  | 1638–1678
Udyot Chand  | 1678–1698
Gyan Chand  | 1698–1708
Jagat Chand  | 1708–1720
Devi Chand  | 1720–1726
Ajit Chand  | 1726–1729
Kalyan Chand V  | 1729–1747
Deep Chand  | 1747–1777
Mohan Chand  | 1777–1779]]
Pradyumn Chand  | 1779–1786
Mohan Chand  | 1786–1788
Shiv Chand  | 1788
Mahendra Chand  | 1788–1790

### Karttikeyapur (Katyur) Kingdom (700–1065 CE)

[edit]

Main article: Katyuri kings

The period of certain Katyuri rulers, is generally determined as below, although there is some ambiguity in respect to exact number of years ruled by each King[23]

List–

* Vasu Dev (700–849 CE)
* Basantana Dev (850–870 CE)
* Kharpar Dev (870–880 CE)
* Abhiraj Dev (880–890 CE)
* Tribhuvanraj Dev (890–900 CE)
* Nimbarta Dev (900–915 CE)
* Istanga (915–930 CE)
* Lalitasura Dev (930–955 CE)
* Bhu Dev (955–970 CE)
* Salonaditya (970–985 CE)
* Ichchhata Dev (985–1000 CE)
* Deshat Dev (1000–1015 CE)
* Padmata Dev (1015–1045 CE)
* Subhiksharaja Dev (1045–1060 CE)
* Dham Dev (1060–1064 CE)
* Bir Dev (Very short period until 1065 CE)

### Varman dynasty of Kannauj (c. 725–770 CE)

[edit]

Main article: Varman dynasty of Kannauj

* Yashovarman (c. 725–752 CE), founder of dynasty
* Āma
* Dunduka
* Bhoja (ruled until 770 CE), last ruler of dynasty.[24]

### Rashtrakuta Empire of Manyakheta (c. 735–982 CE)

[edit]

Main article: Rashtrakuta dynasty

* Dantidurga (735–756 CE), founder of dynasty
* Krishna I (756–774 CE)
* Govinda II (774–780 CE)
* Dhruva Dharavarsha (780–793 CE)
* Govinda III (793–814 CE)
* Amoghavarsha I (814–878 CE), he was the founded of Manyakheta city, which became the capital of the dynasty.[25]
* Krishna II (878–914 CE)
* Indra III (914–929 CE)
* Amoghavarsha II (929–932 CE)
* Govinda IV (930–935 CE)
* Amoghavarsha III (934–939 CE)
* Krishna III (939–967 CE)
* Khottiga Amoghavarsha (967–972 CE)
* Karka II or Amoghhavarsha IV (972–973 CE)
* Indra IV (973–982 CE), was the only a claimer for the lost throne.

### Tomar dynasty of Delhi (c. 736–1151 CE)

[edit]

Main article: Tomara dynasty

Various historical texts provide different lists of the Tomara kings:[26]

* Khadag Rai's history of Gwalior (Gopācala ākhyāna) names 18 Tomara kings, plus Prithvi Pala (who is probably the Chahamana king Prithviraja III). According to Khadag Rai, Delhi was originally ruled by the legendary king Vikramaditya. It was deserted for 792 years after his death, until Bilan Dev [Veer Mahadev or Birmaha] of Tomara dynasty re-established the city (in 736 CE).
* The Kumaon-Garhwal manuscript names only 15 rulers of "Toar" dynasty, and dates the beginning of their rule to 789 CE (846 Vikram Samvat).
* Abul Fazl's Ain-i-Akbari (Bikaner manuscript, edited by Syed Ahmad Khan) names 19 Tomara kings. It places the first Tomara king in 372 CE (429 Vikram Samvat). It might be possible that the era mentioned in the original source used by Abul Fazl was Gupta era, which starts from 318 to 319 CE; Abul Fazl might have mistaken this era to be Vikrama Samvat. If this is true, then the first Tomara king can be dated to 747 CE (429+318), which is better aligned with the other sources.

As stated earlier, the historians doubt the claim that the Tomaras established Delhi in 736 CE.[27]

List of Tomara rulers according to various sources[28][29] #  | Abul Fazl's Ain-i-Akbari / Bikaner manuscript  | Gwalior manuscript of Khadag Rai  | Kumaon-Garhwal manuscript  | Ascension year in CE (according to Gwalior manuscript)  | Length of reign

|
|
|
|
|

Years  | Months  | Days
1 | Ananga Pāla | Bilan Dev |  | 736 | 18 | 0 | 0
2 | Vasu Deva |  |  | 754 | 19 | 1 | 18
3 | Gangya | Ganggeva |  | 773 | 21 | 3 | 28
4 | Prithivi Pāla (or Prithivi Malla) | Prathama | Mahi Pāla | 794 | 19 | 6 | 19
5 | Jaya Deva | Saha Deva | Jadu Pāla | 814 | 20 | 7 | 28
6 | Nīra Pāla or Hira Pāla | Indrajita (I) | Nai Pāla | 834 | 14 | 4 | 9
7 | Udiraj (or Adereh) | Nara Pāla | Jaya Deva Pāla | 849 | 26 | 7 | 11
8 | Vijaya (or Vacha) | Indrajita (II) | Chamra Pāla | 875 | 21 | 2 | 13
9 | Biksha (or Anek) | Vacha Raja | Bibasa Pāla | 897 | 22 | 3 | 16
10 | Rīksha Pāla | Vira Pāla | Sukla Pāla | 919 | 21 | 6 | 5
11 | Sukh Pāla (or Nek Pāla) | Go-Pāla | Teja Pāla | 940 | 20 | 4 | 4
12 | Go-Pāla | Tillan Dev | Mahi Pāla | 961 | 18 | 3 | 15
13 | Sallakshana Pāla | Suvari | Sursen | 979 | 25 | 10 | 10
14 | Jaya Pāla | Osa Pāla | Jaik Pāla | 1005 | 16 | 4 | 3
15 | Kunwar Pāla | Kumara Pāla |  | 1021 | 29 | 9 | 18
16 | Ananga Pāla (or Anek Pāla) | Ananga Pāla | Anek Pāla | 1051 | 29 | 6 | 18
17 | Vijaya Pāla (or Vijaya Sah) | Teja Pāla | Teja Pāla | 1081 | 24 | 1 | 6
18 | Mahi Pāla (or Mahatsal) | Mahi Pāla | Jyūn Pāla | 1105 | 25 | 2 | 23
19 | Akr Pāla (or Akhsal) | Mukund Pāla | Ane Pāla | 1130 | 21 | 2 | 15
| Prithivi Raja (Chahamana) | Prithvi Pala |  | 1151 |  |  |

Another resource tells that the son of King Mukundpal Tomar, King Prithvipal Tomar had a son named King Govind Raj Tomar ruled for 1189 to 1192 .

### Pala dynasty of Bengal (c. 750 – 1174 CE)

[edit]

Main article: Pala Empire

Most of the Pala inscriptions mention only the regnal year as the date of issue, without any well-known calendar era. Because of this, the chronology of the Pala kings is hard to determine.[30] Based on their different interpretations of the various epigraphs and historical records, different historians estimate the Pala chronology as follows:[31]

| RC Majumdar (1971)[32] | AM Chowdhury (1967)[33] | BP Sinha (1977)[34][failed verification] | DC Sircar (1975–76)[35] | D. K. Ganguly (1994)[30]

|
|
|
|
|

Gopala I | 750–770  | 756–781  | 755–783  | 750–775  | 750–774
Dharmapala | 770–810  | 781–821  | 783–820  | 775–812  | 774–806
Devapala | 810–c. 850 | 821–861  | 820–860  | 812–850  | 806–845
Mahendrapala | NA (Mahendrapala's existence was conclusively established through a copper-plate charter discovered later.)  | 845–860
Shurapala I | Deemed to be alternate name of Vigrahapala I  | 850–858  | 860–872
Gopala II | NA (copper-plate charter discovered in 1995. Text of inscription published in 2009.)
Vigrahapala I | 850–853  | 861–866  | 860–865  | 858–60  | 872–873
Narayanapala | 854–908  | 866–920  | 865–920  | 860–917  | 873–927
Rajyapala | 908–940  | 920–952  | 920–952  | 917–952  | 927–959
Gopala III | 940–957  | 952–969  | 952–967  | 952–972  | 959–976
Vigrahapala II | 960–c. 986 | 969–995  | 967–980  | 972–977  | 976–977
Mahipala I | 988–c. 1036 | 995–1043  | 980–1035  | 977–1027  | 977–1027
Nayapala | 1038–1053  | 1043–1058  | 1035–1050  | 1027–1043  | 1027–1043
Vigrahapala III | 1054–1072  | 1058–1075  | 1050–1076  | 1043–1070  | 1043–1070
Mahipala II | 1072–1075  | 1075–1080  | 1076–1078/9  | 1070–1071  | 1070–1071
Shurapala II | 1075–1077  | 1080–1082  | 1071–1072  | 1071–1072
Ramapala | 1077–1130  | 1082–1124  | 1078/9–1132  | 1072–1126  | 1072–1126
Kumarapala | 1130–1140  | 1124–1129  | 1132–1136  | 1126–1128  | 1126–1128
Gopala IV | 1140–1144  | 1129–1143  | 1136–1144  | 1128–1143  | 1128–1143
Madanapala | 1144–1162  | 1143–1162  | 1144–1161/62  | 1143–1161  | 1143–1161
Govindapala | 1158–1162  | NA  | 1162–1176 or 1158–1162  | 1161–1165  | 1161–1165
Palapala  | NA  | NA  | NA  | 1165–1199  | 1165–1200

Note:[31]

* Earlier historians believed that Vigrahapala I and Shurapala I were the two names of the same person. Now, it is known that these two were cousins; they either ruled simultaneously (perhaps over different territories) or in rapid succession.
* AM Chowdhury rejects Govindapala and his successor Palapala as the members of the imperial Pala dynasty.
* According to BP Sinha, the Gaya inscription can be read as either the "14th year of Govindapala's reign" or "14th year after Govindapala's reign". Thus, two sets of dates are possible.

### Shilahara dynasty (765–1265 CE)

[edit]

Main article: Shilahara

Shilahara Kingdom was split into three branches:

* First branch ruled North Konkan
* Second branch ruled South Konkan (between 765 and 1029 CE)
* Third branch ruled in modern districts of Kolhapur, Satara and Belgaum (between 940 and 1215 CE) after which they were overwhelmed by the Yadavas.[36]

#### South Konkan branch (c. 765–1020 CE)

[edit]

List of rulers–

1. Sanaphulla (765–795 CE)
2. Dhammayira (795–820 CE)
3. Aiyaparaja (820–845 CE)
4. Avasara I (845–870 CE)
5. Adityavarma (870–895 CE)
6. Avasara II (895–920 CE)
7. Indraraja (920–945 CE)
8. Bhima (945–970 CE)
9. Avasara III (970–995 CE)
10. Rattaraja (995–1020 CE)

#### North Konkan (Thane) branch (c. 800–1265 CE)

[edit]

List of rulers–

1. Kapardin I (800–825 CE)
2. Pullashakti (825–850 CE)
3. Kapardin II (850–880 CE)
4. Vappuvanna (880–910 CE)
5. Jhanjha (910–930 CE)
6. Goggiraja (930–945 CE)
7. Vajjada I (945–965 CE)
8. Chhadvaideva (965–975 CE)
9. Aparajita (975–1010 CE)
10. Vajjada II (1010–1015 CE)
11. Arikesarin (1015–1022 CE)
12. Chhittaraja (1022–1035 CE)
13. Nagarjuna (1035–1045 CE)
14. Mummuniraja (1045–1070 CE)
15. Ananta Deva I (1070–1127 CE)
16. Aparaditya I (1127–1148 CE)
17. Haripaladeva (1148–1155 CE)
18. Mallikarjuna (1155–1170 CE)
19. Aparaditya II ( 1170–1197 CE)
20. Ananta Deva II (1198–1200 CE)
21. Keshideva II (1200–1245 CE)
22. Ananta Deva III (1245–1255 CE)
23. Someshvara (1255–1265 CE), last ruler of dynasty

#### Kolhapur branch (c. 940–1212 CE)

[edit]

List of rulers–

1. Jatiga I (940–960 CE)
2. Naivarman (960–980 CE)
3. Chandra (980–1000 CE)
4. Jatiga II (1000–1020 CE)
5. Gonka (1020–1050 CE)
6. Guhala I (1050 CE)
7. Kirtiraja (1050 CE)
8. Chandraditya (1050 CE)
9. Marsimha (1050–1075 CE)
10. Guhala II (1075–1085 CE)
11. Bhoja I (1085–1100 CE)
12. Ballala (1100–1108 CE)
13. Gonka II (1108 CE)
14. Gandaraditya I (1108–1138 CE)
15. Vijayaditya I (1138–1175 CE)
16. Bhoja II (1175–1212 CE)

### Ayudha dynasty of Kannauj (c. 770–810 CE)

[edit]

Main article: Ayudha dynasty

* Vajrayudha (770–783), founder of dynasty
* Indrayudha
* Chakrayudha (until 810)[37][38]

### Chandela dynasty of Jejakabhukti (c. 831–1315 CE)

[edit]

Main article: Chandelas of Jejakabhukti

The Chandelas of Jejakabhukti were a dynasty in Central India. They ruled much of the Bundelkhand region (then called Jejakabhukti) between the 9th and the 13th centuries.

Based on epigraphic records, the historians have come up with the following list of Chandela rulers of Jejākabhukti (IAST names in brackets):[39][40]

* Nannuka, (c. 831-845 CE)
* Vakpati (Vākpati), (c. 845-865 CE)
* Jayashakti (Jayaśakti) and Vijayashakti (Vijayaśakti), (c. 865-885 CE)
* Rahila (Rāhila), (c. 885-905 CE)
* Shri Harsha (Śri Harśa), (c. 905-925 CE)
* Yasho-Varman (Yaśovarman), (c. 925-950 CE)
* Dhanga-Deva (Dhaṅgadeva), (c. 950-999 CE)
* Ganda-Deva (Gaṇḍadeva), (c. 999-1002 CE)
* Vidyadhara (Vidyādhara), (c. 1003-1035 CE)
* Vijaya-Pala (Vijayapāla), (c. 1035-1050 CE)
* Deva-Varman, (c. 1050-1060 CE)
* Kirtti-Varman (Kīrtivarman), (c. 1060-1100 CE)
* Sallakshana-Varman (Sallakṣaṇavarman), (c. 1100-1110 CE)
* Jaya-Varman, (c. 1110-1120 CE)
* Prithvi-Varman (Pṛthvīvarman), (c. 1120-1128 CE)
* Madana-Varman, (c. 1128-1165 CE)
* Yasho-Varman II (c. 1164-65 CE); did not rule or ruled for a very short time
* Paramardi-Deva, (c. 1165-1203 CE)
* Trailokya-Varman, (c. 1203-1245 CE)
* Vira-Varman (Vīravarman), (c. 1245-1285 CE)
* Bhoja-Varman, (c. 1285-1288 CE)
* Hammira-Varman (Hammīravarman), (c. 1288-1311 CE)
* Vira-Varman II (c. 1311–1315 CE) (an obscure ruler with low titles, attested by only one 1315 CE inscription)[41]

### Seuna (Yadava) dynasty of Devagiri (c. 850–1334 CE)

[edit]

Main article: Seuna (Yadava) dynasty

* Dridhaprahara
* Seunachandra (850–874)
* Dhadiyappa (874–900)
* Bhillama I (900–925)
* Vadugi (Vaddiga) (950–974)
* Dhadiyappa II (974–975)
* Bhillama II (975–1005)
* Vesugi I (1005–1020)
* Bhillama III (1020–1055)
* Vesugi II (1055–1068)
* Bhillama III (1068)
* Seunachandra II (1068–1085)
* Airamadeva (1085–1115)
* Singhana I (1115–1145)
* Mallugi I (1145–1150)
* Amaragangeyya (1150–1160)
* Govindaraja (1160)
* Amara Mallugi II (1160–1165)
* Kaliya Ballala (1165–1173)
* Bhillama V (1173–1192), proclaimed independence from Kalyani Chalukya
* Jaitugi I (1192–1200)
* Singhana II (1200–1247)
* Kannara (1247–1261)
* Mahadeva (1261–1271)
* Amana (1271)
* Ramachandra (1271–1312)
* Singhana III (1312–1313)
* Harapaladeva (1313–1318)
* Mallugi III (1318–1334)

### Paramara dynasty of Malwa (c. 9th century to 1305 CE)

[edit]

Main article: Paramara dynasty

See also: List of rulers of Malwa

According to historical 'Kailash Chand Jain', "Knowledge of the early Paramara rulers from Upendra to Vairisimha is scanty; there are no records, and they are known only from later sources."[42] The Paramara rulers mentioned in the various inscriptions and literary sources include:

List of Paramara dynasty rulers  Serial No.  | Ruler  | Reign (CE)

|
|

1  | King Paramar | (Legendary)
2  | Upendra Krishnraja | early 9th century
3  | Vairisimha (I) | early 9th century
4  | Siyaka (I) | mid of 9th century
5  | Vakpatiraj (I) | late 9th to early 10th century
6  | Vairisimha (II) | mid of 10th century
7  | Siyaka (II) | 940–972
8  | Vakpatiraj (II) alias Munja | 972–990
9  | Sindhuraja | 990–1010
10  | Bhoja | 1010–1055
11  | JayasimhaI | 1055–1070
12  | Udayaditya | 1070–1086
13  | Lakshmadeva | 1086–1094
14  | Naravarman | 1094–1133
15  | Yashovarman | 1133–1142
16  | Jayavarman I | 1142–1143
17  | Interregnum from (1143 to 1175 CE) under an usurper named 'Ballala' and later the Solanki king Kumarapala | 1143–1175
18  | Vindhyavarman | 1175–1194
19  | Subhatavarman | 1194–1209
20  | Arjunavarman I | 1210–1215
21  | Devapala | 1215/1218–1239
22  | Jaitugideva | 1239–1255
23  | Jayavarman II | 1255–1274
24  | Arjunavarman II | 1274–1285
25  | Bhoja II | 1285–1301
26  | Mahalakadeva | 1301–1305

After death of Mahalakadeva in 1305 CE, Paramara dynasty rule was ended in Malwa region, but not in other Parmar states.

### Utpala dynasty of Kashmir (c. 855 – 1009 CE)

[edit]

Main article: Utpala dynasty

Ruler | Reign

|

Avantivarman | 853/855 – 883 CE
Shankaravarman | 883 – 902 CE
Gopalavarman | 902 – 904 CE
Sankata | 904 CE
Sugandha | 904 – 906 CE
Partha | 906 – 921 CE
Nirjitavarman | 921 – 922 CE
Chakravarman | 922 – 933 CE
Shuravarman I | 933 – 934 CE
Partha (2nd reign) | 934 – 935 CE
Chakravarman (2nd reign) | 935 CE
Shankaravardhana (or Shambhuvardhana) | 935 – 936 CE
Chakravarman (3rd reign) | 936 – 937 CE
Unmattavanti ("Mad Avanti") | 937 – 939 CE
Shuravarman II | 939 CE
Yashaskara-deva | 939 CE
Varnata | 948 CE
Sangramadeva (Sanggrama I) | 948 CE
Parvagupta | 948 – 950 CE
Kshemagupta | 950 – 958 CE
Abhimanyu II | 958 – 972 CE
Nandigupta | 972 – 973 CE
Tribhuvanagupta | 973 – 975 CE
Bhimagupta | 975 – 980 CE
Didda | 980 to 1009/1012 CE

Didda (c. 980 – 1003 CE) placed Samgrāmarāja, son of her brother on the throne, who became founder of the Lohara dynasty.

### Somavamshi dynasty (c. 882 – 1110 CE)

[edit]

Main article: Somavamshi dynasty

Historian Krishna Chandra Panigrahi provides the following chronology of the later Somavamshis:[43]

Name (IAST) | Regnal name (IAST) | Reign

|
|

Janmejaya I | Mahābhavagupta I | c. 882–922
Yayāti I | Mahāśivagupta I (Mahashivagupta) | c. 922–955
Bhīmaratha | Mahābhavagupta II | c. 955–980
Dharmaratha | Mahāśivagupta II | c. 980–1005
Nahuṣa (Nahusha) | Mahābhavagupta III | c. 1005–1021
Yayāti II | Candihara (Chandihara) Mahāśivagupta III | c. 1025–1040
Uddyotakeśarī (Uddyotakeshari) | Mahābhavagupta IV | c. 1040–1065
Janmejaya II | Mahāśivagupta IV | c. 1065–1085
Purañjaya | Mahābhavagupta V | c. 1085–1110
Karṇadeva | Mahāśivagupta V | c. 1100–1110

### Pala dynasty of Kamarupa (c. 900 – 1100 CE)

[edit]

Main article: Pala dynasty (Kamarupa)

S.nu | King | Reign (CE)

|
|

1 | Brahma Pala | 900–920
2 | Ratna Pala | 920–960
3 | Indra Pala | 960–990
4 | Go Pala aka Gopalavarman | 990–1015
5 | Harsha Pala | 1015–1035
6 | Dharma Pala | 1035–1060
7 | Jaya Pala | 1075–1100

### Paramara dynasty of Chandravati (Abu) (c. 910 – 1220 CE)

[edit]

Main article: Paramaras of Chandravati

The following is a list of Paramara rulers of Chandravati, with approximate regnal years, as estimated by epigraphist H. V. Trivedi.[44][45] The rulers are sons of their predecessors unless noted otherwise:

Regional Name | IAST Name | Reign (CE)

|
|

Utpala-raja | Utpalarāja | c. 910–930
Arnno-raja, or Aranya-raja | Arṇṇorāja, or Araṇyarāja | c. 930–950
Krishna-raja | Kṛṣṇarāja | c. 950–979
Dhara-varaha or Dharani-varaha | Dhāravarāha or Dharaṇīvarāha | c. 970–990
Dhurbhata | Dhūrbhaṭa | c. 990–1000
Mahi-pala | Mahīpāla | c. 1000–1020
Dhandhuka | Dhaṃdhuka | c. 1020–1040
Punya-pala or Purna-pala | Puṇyapāla or Pūrṇapāla | c. 1040–1050
Danti-varmman | Daṃtivarmman | c. 1050–1060
Krishna-deva, or Krishna-raja II | Kṛṣṇadeva, or Kṛṣṇarāja II | c. 1060–1090
Kakkala-deva, or Kakala-deva | Kakkaladeva, or Kākaladeva | c. 1090–1115
Vikrama-simha | Vikramāsiṃha | c. 1115–1145
Yasho-dhavala | Yaśodhavala | c. 1145–1160
Rana-simha | Raṇāsiṃha | ?
Dhara-varsha | Dhāravarṣa | c. 1160–1220

### Kingdom of Ladakh (c. 930 – 1842 CE)

[edit]

Main article: History of Ladakh

#### Maryul dynasty of Ngari (c. 930 – 1460 CE)

[edit]

Main article: Maryul

Known Maryul rulers are-

* Lhachen Palgyigon (c. 930 CE)
* Lhachen Utpala (c. 1110 CE)

#### Namgyal dynasty (Gyalpo of Ladakh) (c. 1460 – 1842 CE)

[edit]

Main article: Namgyal dynasty of Ladakh

The kings of the Namgyal dynasty along with their periods of reign are as follows:[46][47][48]

* Lhachen Bhagan (c. 1460–1485)
* Unknown ruler (c. 1485–1510)
* Lata Jughdan (c. 1510–1535)
* Kunga Namgyal I (c. 1535–1555)
* Tashi Namgyal (c. 1555–1575)
* Tsewang Namgyal I (c. 1575–1595)
* Namgyal Gonpo (c.1595–1600)
* Jamyang Namgyal (c. 1595–1616)
* Sengge Namgyal (first rule, c. 1616–1623)
* Norbu Namgyal (c. 1623–1624)
* Sengge Namgyal (second rule, c. 1624–1642)
* Deldan Namgyal (c. 1642–1694)
* Delek Namgyal (c. 1680–1691)
* Nyima Namgyal (c. 1694–1729)
* Deskyong Namgyal (c. 1729–1739)
* Phuntsog Namgyal (c. 1739–1753)
* Tsewang Namgyal II (c. 1753–1782)
* Tseten Namgyal (c. 1782–1802)
* Tsepal Dondup Namgyal (c. 1802–1837, 1839–1840)
* Kunga Namgyal II (c. 1840–1842)

Later Ladakh was conquered by Sikh Empire in 1842 CE.

### Solanki dynasty (Chaulukyas of Gujarat) (c. 940–1244 CE)

[edit]

Main article: Chaulukya dynasty

The Chalukya rulers of Gujarat, with approximate dates of reign, are as follows:[49][50]

* Mularaja (c. 940 – c. 995)
* Chamundaraja (c. 996 – c. 1008)
* Vallabharaja (c. 1008)
* Durlabharaja (c. 1008 – c. 1022)
* Bhima I (c. 1022 – c. 1064)
* Karna (c. 1064 – c. 1092)
* Jayasimha Siddharaja (c. 1092 – c. 1142)
* Kumarapala (c. 1142 – c. 1171)
* Ajayapala (c. 1171 – c. 1175)
* Mularaja II (c. 1175 – c. 1178)
* Bhima II (c. 1178 – c. 1240)
* Tribhuvanapala (c. 1240 – c. 1244)

### Kachchhapaghata dynasty (c. 950–1150 CE)

[edit]

Main article: Kachchhapaghata dynasty

#### Simhapaniya (Sihoniya) and Gopadri (Gwalior) branch

[edit]

* Lakshmana (r. c. 950–975), first ruler of dynasty
* Vajradaman (r. c. 975–1000)
* Mangalaraja (r. c. 1000–1015)
* Kirtiraja (r. c. 1015–1035)
* Muladeva (r. c. 1035–1055)
* Devapala (r. c. 1055–1085)
* Padmapala (r. c. 1085–1090)
* Mahipala (r. c. 1090–1105)
* Ratnapala (r. c. 1105–1130)
* Ajayapala (r. c. 1192–1194)
* Sulakshanapala (r. c. 1196)

#### Dubkund (Dobha) branch

[edit]

* Yuvaraja (r. c. 1000)
* Arjuna (r. c. 1015–1035)
* Abhimanyu (r. c. 1035–1045)
* Vijayapala (r. c. 1045–1070)
* Vikramasimha (r. c. 1070–1100)

#### Nalapura (Narwar) branch

[edit]

* Gaganasimha (r. c. 1075–1090)
* Sharadasimha (r. c. 1090–1105)
* Virasimha (r. c. 1105–1125)
* Tejaskarana (r. c. 1125–1150), last ruler of dynasty[51][52]

### Kachwaha dynasty (c. 966–1949 CE)

[edit]

Main article: Jaipur State

See also: Kachhwaha and Dhundhar

Kachwahas King Sorha Dev and Dulha Rao defeated Meena of Dhundhar kingdom and established the Kachwaha dynasty,[53] which ruled for more than 1000 years & still ruling in Jaipur district of Rajasthan.

#### Rulers

[edit]

* 27 Dec 966 – 15 Dec 1006 Sorha Dev (d. 1006)[54]
* 15 Dec 1006 – 28 Nov 1036 Dulha Rao (d. 1036)[54]
* 28 Nov 1036 – 20 Apr 1039 Kakil (d. 1039)[54]
* 21 Apr 1039 – 28 Oct 1053 Hanu (d. 1053)[54]
* 28 Oct 1053 – 21 Mar 1070 Janddeo (d. 1070)[54]
* 22 Mar 1070 – 20 May 1094 Pajjun Rai (d. 1094)[54]
* 20 May 1094 – 15 Feb 1146 Malayasi (d. 1146)[54]
* 15 Feb 1146 – 25 Jul 1179 Vijaldeo (d. 1179)[54]
* 25 Jul 1179 – 16 Dec 1216 Rajdeo (d. 1216)[54]
* 16 Dec 1216 – 18 Oct 1276 Kilhan (d. 1276)[54]
* 18 Oct 1276 – 23 Jan 1317 Kuntal (d. 1317)[54]
* 23 Jan 1317 – 6 Nov 1366 Jonsi (d. 1366)[54]
* 6 Nov 1366 – 11 Feb 1388 Udaikarn (d. 1388)[54]
* 11 Feb 1388 – 16 Aug 1428 Narsingh (d. 1428)[54]
* 16 Aug 1428 – 20 Sep 1439 Banbir (d. 1439)[54]
* 20 Sep 1439 – 10 Dec 1467 Udharn (d. 1467)[54]
* 10 Dec 1467 – 17 Jan 1503 Chandrasen (d. 1503)[54]
* 17 Jan 1503 – 4 Nov 1527 Prithviraj Singh I (d. 1527)[55]
* 5 Nov 1527 – 19 Jan 1534 Puranmal (d. 1534)[56]
* 19 Jan 1534 – 22 Jul 1537 Bhim Singh (d. 1537)
* 22 Jul 1537 – 15 May 1548 Ratan Singh (d. 1548)
* 15 May 1548 – 1 June 1548 Askaran (d. 1599)
* 1 Jun 1548 – 27 Jan 1574 Bharmal (d. 1574)
* 27 Jan 1574 – 4 Dec 1589 Bhagwant Das (b. 1527 – d. 1589)
* 4 Dec 1589 – 6 Jul 1614 Man Singh (b. 1550 – d. 1614)
* 6 Jul 1614 – 13 Dec 1621 Bhau Singh (d. 1621)
* 13 Dec 1621 – 28 Aug 1667 Jai Singh I (b. 1611 – d. 1667)
* 10 Sep 1667 – 30 Apr 1688: Ram Singh I (b. 1640 – d. 1688)
* 30 Apr 1688 – 19 Dec 1699: Bishan Singh (b. 1672 – d. 1699)
* 19 Dec 1699 – 21 Sep 1743: Jai Singh II (b. 1688 – d. 1743)
* 1743 – 12 Dec 1750: Ishwari Singh (b. 1721 – d. 1750)
* Dec 1750 – 6 Mar 1768: Madho Singh I (b. 1728 – d. 1768)[57]
* 7 Mar 1768 – 16 Apr 1778: Prithvi Singh II[58]
* 1778 – 1803: Pratap Singh (b. 1764 – d. 1803)
* 1803 – 21 Nov 1818: Jagat Singh II (b. ... – d. 1818)
* 22 Dec 1818 – 25 Apr 1819: Mohan Singh (regent) (b. 1809 – d. ...)
* 25 Apr 1819 – 6 Feb 1835: Jai Singh III (b. 1819 – d. 1835)
* Feb 1835 – 18 Sep 1880: Ram Singh II (b. 1835 – d. 1880)
* 18 Sep 1880 – 7 Sep 1922: Madho Singh II (b. 1861 – d. 1922)
* 7 Sep 1922 – 15 Aug 1947 (subsidiary): Sawai Man Singh II (b. 1912 – d. 1970)
* 15 Aug 1947 – 7 Apr 1949 (independent): Sawai Man Singh II (b. 1912 – d. 1970)

He was the last ruler of Kachawa dynasty, he annexed Jaipur State with Union of India in 1949 CE.[59]

#### Titular rulers

[edit]

* 7 Apr 1949 – 24 Jun 1970: Sawai Man Singh II
* 24 Jun 1970 – 28 Dec 1971: Sawai Bhawani Singh (b. 1931 – d. 2011)

Titles were abolished in 1971 according to the 26th amendment to the Indian Constitution.

* 28 Dec 1971 – 17 Apr 2011: Sawai Bhawani Singh (b. 1931 – d. 2011)
* 17 Apr 2011 – present: Padmanabh Singh (b. 1998)

### Hoysala Empire (c. 1000–1343 CE)

[edit]

Main article: Hoysala Empire

* Nripa Kama (1000–1045)

Hoysala Kings

| Nripa Kama II| 1026–1047

|

Vinayaditya| 1047–1098
Ereyanga| 1098–1102
Veera Ballala I| 1102–1108
Vishnuvardhana| 1108–1152
Narasimha I| 1152–1173)
Veera Ballala II| 1173–1220
Vira Narasimha II| 1220–1235
Vira Someshwara| 1235–1263
Narasimha III| 1263–1292
Veera Ballala III| 1292–1343
Harihara Raya| 1342–1355

* v
* t
* e

### Lohara dynasty of Kashmir (c. 1003–1320 CE)

[edit]

Main article: Lohara dynasty

The Lohara dynasty were Hindu rulers of Kashmir from the Khasa tribe,[60][61] in the northern part of the Indian subcontinent, between 1003 and approximately 1320 CE. The dynasty was founded by the Samgramaraja, the grandson of Khasha chief Simharaja and the nephew of the Utpala dynasty Queen Didda.

#### First Lohara dynasty

[edit]

Ruler | Reign[62] | ! Ascension year

|
|

Sangramaraja (Samgramaraja / Kshamapati) | 25 Years | 1003 CE
Hariraja | 22 days | 1028 CE
Ananta-deva | 35 Years | 1028 CE
Kalasha (Ranaditya II) | 26 Years | 1063 CE
Utkarsha | 22 days | 1089 CE
Harsha | 12 Years | died in 1101 CE

#### Second Lohara dynasty

[edit]

* Radda (Shankharaja)
* Salhana
* Sussala
* Bhikshachara
* Sussala (2nd reign)
* Jayasimha (Sinha-deva)

### Khasa Malla Kingdom (c. 10th to 14th century CE)

[edit]

Main article: Khasa Malla kingdom

The list of Khas Malla kings mentioned by Giuseppe Tucci is in the following succession up to Prithvi Malla:[63]

List–

* Nāgarāja, (first known ruler of dynasty)
* Chaap/Cāpa
* Chapilla/Cāpilla
* Krashichalla
* Kradhichalla
* Krachalla Deva (1207–1223 CE)
* Ashoka Challa (1223–1287)
* Jitari Malla
* Ananda Malla
* Ripu Malla (1312–1313)
* Sangrama Malla
* Aditya Malla
* Kalyana Malla
* Pratapa Malla
* Punya Malla
* Prithvi Malla
* Abhaya Malla (14th century), (last ruler of dynasty)

### Naga dynasty of Kalahandi (1005 – 1947 CE)

[edit]

Main article: Kalahandi State

* Raghunath Sai (1005–1040)
* Pratap Narayan Deo (1040–1072)
* Birabar Deo (1072–1108)
* Jugasai Deo I (1108–1142)
* Udenarayan Deo (1142–1173)
* Harichandra Deo (1173–1201)
* Ramachandra Deo (1201–1234)
* Gopinath Deo (1234–1271)
* Balabhadra Deo (1271–1306
* Raghuraj Deo (1306–1337)
* Rai Singh Deo I (1337–1366)
* Haria Deo (1366–1400)
* Jugasai Deo II (1400–1436)
* Pratap Narayan Deo II (1436–1468)
* Hari Rudra Deo (1468–1496)
* Anku Deo (1496–1528)
* Pratap Deo (1528–1564)
* Raghunath Deo (1564–1594)
* Biswambhar Deo (1594–1627)
* Rai Singh Deo II (1627–1658)
* Dusmant Deo (1658–1693)
* Jugasai Deo III (1693–1721)
* Khadag Rai Deo (1721–1747)
* Rai Singh Deo III (1747–1771)
* Purusottam Deo (1771–1796)
* Jugasai Dei IV (1796–1831)
* Fateh Narayan Deo (1831–1853)
* Udit Pratap Deo I (1853–1881)
* Raghu Keshari De (1894–1897)
* Court of Wards (1897–1917)
* Brajamohan Deo (1917–1939)
* Pratap Keshari Deo (1939–1947)

### Sena dynasty of Bengal (1070 – 1230 CE)

[edit]

Main article: Sena dynasty

List of Sena dynasty dynasty rulers  Serial No.  | Ruler  | Reign (CE)

|
|

1  | Hemanta Sen | 1070–1096
2  | Vijay Sen | 1096–1159
3  | Ballal Sen | 1159–1179
4  | Lakshman Sen | 1179–1206
5  | Vishwarup Sen | 1206–1225
6  | Keshab Sen | 1225–1230

### Kakatiya dynasty (1083–1323)

[edit]

Main article: Kakatiya dynasty

* Beta I (1000–1030)
* Prola I (1030–1075)
* Beta II (1075–1110)
* Prola II (1110–1158)
* Prataparudra I/Rudradeva I (1158–1195).[First independent ruler of this dynasty]
* Mahadeva (1195–1198).[Brother of King Rudradeva]
* Ganapati deva (1199–1261)[He changed capital from Hanumakonda to Orugallu(present day warangal)]
* Rudrama Devi (1262–1296)[Only woman ruler of this dynasty]
* Prataparudra II/ Rudradeva II (1296–1323). [Grandson of Queen Rudrama and last ruler of this dynasty]

### Gahadavala dynasty (1072–1237)

[edit]

Main article: Gahadavala dynasty

List of rulers–

* Chandradeva (c. 1072–1103 CE), founder of dynasty
* Madanapala (c. 1104–1113 CE)
* Govindachandra (c. 1114–1155 CE
* Vijayachandra (c. 1155–1169 CE), alias Vijayapala or Malladeva
* Jayachandra (c. 1170–1194 CE), called Jaichand in vernacular legends
* Harishchandra (c. 1194– ?? CE),
* Adakkamalla (c. ? - 1237 CE )last ruler of dynasty[64][65][66][67]

### Karnata dynasty of Mithila (1097 – 1324 CE)

[edit]

Main article: Karnat dynasty

See also: History of Mithila

List of rulers–[68][69]
S.N. | Ruler | Regin

|
|

1 | Nanyadeva | 1097–1147
2 | Gangadeva | 1147–1187
3 | Narsimhadeva | 1187–1227
4 | Ramasimhadeva | 1227–1285
5 | Shaktisimhadeva | 1285–1295
6 | Harisimhadeva | 1295–1324

### Chutia (Sadiya) Kingdom of Assam (1187–1524 CE)

[edit]

Main article: Chutia Kingdom

List of rulers

* Birpal (1187–1224), founder of dynasty
* Ratnadhwajpal (1224–1250)
* Vijayadhwajpal (1250–1278)
* Vikramadhwajpal (1278–1302)
* Gauradhwajpal (1302–1322)
* Sankhadhwajpal (1322–1343)
* Mayuradhwajpal (1343–1361)
* Jayadhwajpal (1361–1383)
* Karmadhwajpal (1383–1401)
* Satyanarayan (1401–1421)
* Laksminarayan (1421–1439)
* Dharmanarayan (1439–1458)
* Pratyashnarayan (1458–1480)
* Purnadhabnarayan (1480–1502)
* Dharmadhajpal (1502–1522)
* Nitypal (1522–1524), last ruler of dynasty

## Late Medieval Period (c. 1200s CE – c. 1500s CE)

[edit]

### Delhi Sultanate (c. 1206–1526 CE)

[edit]

Main article: List of rulers of the Delhi Sultanate

#### Mamluk dynasty (1206–1290 CE)

[edit]

Main article: Mamluk dynasty (Delhi)

* Qutb-ud-din Aibak (1206–1210)
* Aram Shah (1210–1211)
* Shams-ud-din Iltutmish (1211–1236)
* Rukn-ud-din Firuz (1236)
* Raziyyat ud din Sultana (1236–1240)
* Muiz-ud-din Bahram (1240–1242)
* Ala-ud-din Masud (1242–1246)
* Nasir-ud-din Mahmud (1246–1266)
* Ghiyas-ud-din Balban (1266–1286)
* Muiz-ud-din Qaiqabad (1286–1290)

#### Khalji dynasty (1290–1320 CE)

[edit]

Main article: Khalji dynasty

* Jalaluddin Firuz Khalji (1290–1296)
* Alauddin Khalji (1296–1316)
* Shihabuddin Omar Khan Khalji (1316)
* Qutbuddin Mubarak Shah Khalji (1316–1320)
* Khusro Khan Khalji (1320)

#### Tughlaq dynasty (1321–1414 CE)

[edit]

Main article: Tughlaq dynasty

* Ghiyath al-Din Tughluq (1321–1325)
* Muhammad Shah Tughluq I (1325–1351)
* Firuz Shah Tughluq (1351–1388)
* Ghiyath al-Din Tughluq II (1388–1389)
* Abu Bakr Shah (1389–1390)
* Muhammad Shah Tughluq III (1390–1394)
* Ala ud-din Sikandar Shah Tughluq (1394)
* Muhammad Shah Tughuluq IV (1394–1413)

After the invasion of Timur in 1398, the governor of Multan, Khizr Khan abolished the Tughluq dynasty in 1414.

#### Jaunpur Sultanate (1394–1479 CE)

[edit]

Main article: Jaunpur Sultanate

* Malik Sarwar Shah (1394–1399)
* Mubarak Shah (1399–1402)
* Ibrahim Shah (1402–1440)
* Mahmud Shah (1440–1457)
* Muhammad Shah (1457–1458)
* Hussain Shah (1458–1479)

#### Sayyid dynasty (1414–1451 CE)

[edit]

Main article: Sayyid dynasty

* Khizr Khan (1414–1421)
* Mubarak Shah (1421–1434)
* Muhammad Shah (1434–1445)
* Alam Shah (1445–1451)

#### Lodi dynasty (1451–1526 CE)

[edit]

Main article: Lodi dynasty

* Bahlul Khan Lodi (1451–1489)
* Sikandar Khan Lodi (1489–1517)
* Ibrahim Khan Lodi (1517–1526), defeated by Babur (who replaced the Lodi Empire with the Mughal Empire)

### Kadava dynasty (c. 1216–1279 CE)

[edit]

Main article: Kadava dynasty

* Kopperunchinga I (c. 1216–1242)
* Kopperunchinga II (c. 1243–1279)

### Kingdom of Marwar (c. 1226–1950 CE)

[edit]

Main articles: Kingdom of Marwar and Rathore dynasty

#### Rathore dynasty of Jodhpur

[edit]

##### Rulers from Pali & Mandore (1226–1438 CE)

[edit]

Name  | Reign began  | Reign ended

|
|

1  | Rao Siha  | 1226  | 1273
2  | Rao Asthan  | 1273  | 1292
3  | Rao Doohad  | 1292  | 1309
4  | Rao Raipal  | 1309  | 1313
5  | Rao Kanhapal  | 1313  | 1323
6  | Rao Jalansi  | 1323  | 1328
7  | Rao Chado  | 1328  | 1344
8  | Rao Tida  | 1344  | 1357
9  | Rao Kanha Dev  | 1357  | 1374
10  | Rao Viram Dev  | 1374  | 1383
11  | Rao Chandra  | 1383  | 1424
12  | Rao Kanha  | 1424  | 1427
13  | Rao Ranmal | 1427  | 1438

##### Rulers from Jodhpur (1459–1950 CE)

[edit]

Name  | Reign began  | Reign ended

|
|

1  | Rao Jodha | 12 May 1438  | 6 April 1489
2  | Rao Satal | 6 April 1489  | March 1492
3  | Rao Suja | March 1492  | 2 October 1515
4  | Rao Biram Singh | 2 October 1515  | 8 November 1515
5  | Rao Ganga | 8 November 1515  | 9 May 1532
6  | Rao Maldeo | 9 May 1532  | 7 November 1562
7  | Rao Chandra Sen | 7 November 1562  | 1581
8  | Raja Udai Singh | 4 August 1583  | 11 July 1595
9  | Sawai Raja Suraj-Mal | 11 July 1595  | 7 September 1619
10  | Maharaja Gaj Singh I | 7 September 1619  | 6 May 1638
11  | Maharaja Jaswant Singh | 6 May 1638  | 28 December 1678
12  | Maharaja Ajit Singh | 19 February 1679  | 24 June 1724
13  | Raja Indra Singh | 9 June 1679  | 4 August 1679
14  | Maharaja Abhai Singh | 24 June 1724  | 18 June 1749
15  | Maharaja Ram Singh | First reign  | 18 June 1749  | July 1751
16  | Maharaja Bakht Singh | July 1751  | 21 September 1752
17  | Maharaja Vijay Singh | 21 September 1752  | 31 January 1753
18  | Maharaja Ram Singh | 31 January 1753  | September 1772
19  | Maharaja Vijay Singh | September 1772  | 17 July 1793
20  | Maharaja Bhim Singh | 17 July 1793  | 19 October 1803
21  | Maharaja Man Singh | 19 October 1803  | 4 September 1843
22  | Maharaja Sir Takht Singh | 4 September 1843  | 13 February 1873
23  | Maharaja Sir Jaswant Singh II | 13 February 1873  | 11 October 1895
24  | Maharaja Sir Sardar Singh | 20 March 1911
25  | Maharaja Sir Sumair Singh | 20 March 1911  | 3 October 1918
26  | Maharaja Sir Umaid Singh | 3 October 1918  | 9 June 1947
27  | Maharaja Sir Hanwant Singh | 9 June 1947  | 7 April 1949
28  | (titular) Maharaja Gaj Singh II of Jodhpur | 26 January 1952  | Present

### Ahom dynasty of Assam (c. 1228–1826 CE)

[edit]

Main article: Ahom dynasty

The list of Swargadeos of the Ahom Kingdom Years  | Reign  | Ahom name  | Other names  | succession  | End of reign  | Capital

|
|
|
|
|
|

1228–1268  | 40y  | Sukaphaa |  |  | natural death  | Charaideo
1268–1281  | 13y  | Suteuphaa |  | son of Sukaphaa  | natural death  | Charaideo
1281–1293  | 8y  | Subinphaa |  | son of Suteuphaa  | natural death  | Charaideo
1293–1332  | 39y  | Sukhaangphaa |  | son of Subinphaa  | natural death  | Charaideo
1332–1364  | 32y  | Sukhrangpha |  | son of Sukhaangphaa  | natural death  | Charaideo
1364–1369  | 5y  | Interregnum[70] |  |  |  |
1369–1376  | 7y  | Sutuphaa |  | brother of Sukhrangphaa[71] | assassinated[72] | Charaideo
1376–1380  | 4y  | Interregnum  |  |  |  |
1380–1389  | 9y  | Tyao Khamti |  | brother of Sutuphaa  | assassinated[73] | Charaideo
1389–1397  | 8y  | Interregnum  |  |  |  |
1397–1407  | 10y  | Sudangphaa | Baamuni Konwar  | son of Tyao Khaamti[74] | natural death  | Charagua
1407–1422  | 15y  | Sujangphaa |  | son of Sudangphaa  | natural death  |
1422–1439  | 17y  | Suphakphaa |  | son of Sujangpha  | natural death  |
1439–1488  | 49y  | Susenphaa |  | son of Suphakphaa  | natural death  |
1488–1493  | 5y  | Suhenphaa |  | son of Susenphaa  | assassinated[75] |
1493–1497  | 4y  | Supimphaa |  | son of Suhenphaa  | natural death  |
1497–1539  | 42y  | Suhungmung | Swarganarayan,
Dihingiaa Rojaa I  | son of Supimphaa  | assassinated[76] | Bakata
1539–1552  | 13y  | Suklenmung | Garhgayaan Rojaa  | son of Suhungmung  | natural death  | Garhgaon
1552–1603  | 51y  | Sukhaamphaa | Khuraa Rojaa  | son of Suklenmung  | natural death  | Garhgaon
1603–1641  | 38y  | Susenghphaa | Prataap Singha,
Burhaa Rojaa,
Buddhiswarganarayan  | son of Sukhaamphaa  | natural death  | Garhgaon
1641–1644  | 3y  | Suramphaa | Jayaditya Singha,
Bhogaa Rojaa  | son of Susenghphaa  | deposed[77] | Garhgaon
1644–1648  | 4y  | Sutingphaa | Noriyaa Rojaa  | brother of Suramphaa  | deposed[78] | Garhgaon
1648–1663  | 15y  | Sutamla | Jayadhwaj Singha,
Bhoganiyaa Rojaa  | son of Sutingphaa  | natural death  | Garhgaon/Bakata
1663–1670  | 7y  | Supangmung | Chakradhwaj Singha | cousin of Sutamla[79] | natural death  | Bakata/Garhgaon
1670–1672  | 2y  | Sunyatphaa | Udayaditya Singha  | brother of Supangmung[80] | deposed[81] |
1672–1674  | 2y  | Suklamphaa | Ramadhwaj Singha  | brother of Sunyatphaa  | poisoned[82] |
1674–1675  | 21d  | Suhung[83] | Samaguria Rojaa Khamjang  | Samaguria descendant of Suhungmung  | deposed[84] |
1675-1675  | 24d  |  | Gobar Roja | great-grandson of Suhungmung[85] | deposed[86] |
1675–1677  | 2y  | Sujinphaa[87] | Arjun Konwar,
Dihingia Rojaa II  | grandson of Pratap Singha, son of Namrupian Gohain  | deposed, suicide[88] |
1677–1679  | 2y  | Sudoiphaa | Parvatia Rojaa  | great-grandson of Suhungmung[89] | deposed, killed[90] |
1679–1681  | 3y  | Sulikphaa | Ratnadhwaj Singha,
Loraa Rojaa  | Samaguria family  | deposed, killed[91] |
1681–1696  | 15y  | Supaatphaa | Gadadhar Singha | son of Gobar Rojaa  | natural death  | Borkola
1696–1714  | 18y  | Sukhrungphaa | Rudra Singha | son of Supaatphaa  | natural death  | Rangpur
1714–1744  | 30y  | Sutanphaa | Siva Singha | son Sukhrungphaa  | natural death  |
1744–1751  | 7y  | Sunenphaa | Pramatta Singha | brother of Sutanphaa  | natural death  |
1751–1769  | 18y  | Suremphaa | Rajeswar Singha | brother of Sunenphaa  | natural death  |
1769–1780  | 11y  | Sunyeophaa | Lakshmi Singha | brother of Suremphaa  | natural death  |
1780–1795  | 15y  | Suhitpangphaa | Gaurinath Singha | son of Sunyeophaa  | natural death  | Jorhat
1795–1811  | 16y  | Suklingphaa | Kamaleswar Singha | great-grandson of Lechai, the brother of Rudra Singha[92] | natural death, smallpox  | Jorhat
1811–1818  | 7y  | Sudingphaa (1)  | Chandrakaanta Singha | brother of Suklingphaa  | deposed[93] | Jorhat
1818–1819  | 1y  |  | Purandar Singha (1)  | descendant of Suremphaa[93] | deposed[94] | Jorhat
1819–1821  | 2y  | Sudingphaa (2)  | Chandrakaanta Singha |  | fled the capital[95] |
1821–1822  | 1y  |  | Jogeswar Singha | 5th descendant of Jambor, the brother of Gadadhar Singha. Jogeswar was brother of Hemo Aideo, and was puppet of Burmese ruler[96] | removed[97] |
1833–1838  |  |  | Purandar Singha (2)[98] |  |  |

### Vaghela dynasty (1244–1304 CE)

[edit]

Main article: Vaghela dynasty

The sovereign Vaghela rulers include:

* Visala-deva (1244–1262), founder of the dynasty
* Arjuna-deva (1262–1275), son of Pratapamalla
* Rama (1275), son of Arjunadeva
* Saranga-deva (1275–1296), son of Arjunadeva
* Karna-deva (1296–1304), son of Rama; also called Karna II to distinguish him from Karna Chaulukya.

### Jaffna (Aryachakravarti) dynasty (c. 1277–1619 CE)

[edit]

Main article: Jaffna Kingdom

List of rulers–

* Kulasekara Cinkaiariyan(1277–1284), founder of dynasty
* Kulotunga Cinkaiariyan (1284–1292)
* Vickrama Cinkaiariyan (1292–1302)
* Varodaya Cinkaiariyan (1302–1325)
* Martanda Cinkaiariyan (1325–1348)
* Gunabhooshana Cinkaiariyan (1348–1371)
* Virodaya Cinkaiariyan (1371–1380)
* Jeyaveera Cinkaiariyan (1380–1410)
* Gunaveera Cinkaiariyan (1410–1440)
* Kanakasooriya Cinkaiariyan (1440–1450 & 1467–1478)
* Singai Pararasasegaram (1478–1519)
* Cankili I (1519–1561)
* Puviraja Pandaram (1561–1565 & 1582–1591)
* Kasi Nayinar Pararacacekaran (1565–1570)
* Periyapillai (1565–1582)
* Ethirimana Cinkam (1591–1617)
* Cankili II Cekaracacekaran (1617–1619), last ruler of dynasty[99]

### Kingdom of Tripura (c. 1280–1949 CE)

[edit]

Main article: Twipra Kingdom

#### Manikya dynasty

[edit]

Main article: Manikya dynasty

List of rulers–

* Ratna Manikya (1280 CE)
* Pratap Manikya (1350 CE)
* Mukul Manikya (1400 CE)

Kingdom of Tripura

Part of History of Tripura

Kings of Tripura

Maha Manikya| c. 1400–1431
Dharma Manikya I| 1431–1462
Ratna Manikya I| 1462–1487
Pratap Manikya| 1487
Vijaya Manikya I| 1488
Mukut Manikya| 1489
Dhanya Manikya| 1490–1515
Dhwaja Manikya| 1515–1520
Deva Manikya| 1520–1530
Indra Manikya I| 1530–1532
Vijaya Manikya II| 1532–1563
Ananta Manikya| 1563–1567
Udai Manikya I| 1567–1573
Joy Manikya I| 1573–1577
Amar Manikya| 1577–1585
Rajdhar Manikya I| 1586–1600
Ishwar Manikya| 1600
Yashodhar Manikya| 1600–1623
Interregnum| 1623–1626
Kalyan Manikya| 1626–1660
Govinda Manikya| 1660–1661
Chhatra Manikya| 1661–1667
Govinda Manikya| 1661–1673
Rama Manikya| 1673–1685
Ratna Manikya II| 1685–1693
Narendra Manikya| 1693–1695
Ratna Manikya II| 1695–1712
Mahendra Manikya| 1712–1714
Dharma Manikya II| 1714–1725
Jagat Manikya| 1725–1729
Dharma Manikya II| 1729
Mukunda Manikya| 1729–1739
Joy Manikya II| c. 1739–1744
Indra Manikya II| c. 1744–1746
Udai Manikya II| c. 1744
Joy Manikya II| 1746
Vijaya Manikya III| 1746–1748
Lakshman Manikya| 1740s/1750s
Interregnum| 1750s–1760
Krishna Manikya| 1760–1783
Rajdhar Manikya II| 1785–1806
Rama Ganga Manikya| 1806–1809
Durga Manikya| 1809–1813
Rama Ganga Manikya| 1813–1826
Kashi Chandra Manikya| 1826–1829
Krishna Kishore Manikya| 1829–1849
Ishan Chandra Manikya| 1849–1862
Bir Chandra Manikya| 1862–1896
Birendra Kishore Manikya| 1909–1923
Bir Bikram Kishore Manikya| 1923–1947
Kirit Bikram Kishore Manikya| 1947–1949
1949–1978 (titular)
Kirit Pradyot Manikya| 1978–present (titular)
Tripura monarchy data
Manikya dynasty (Royal family)
Agartala (Capital of the kingdom)
Ujjayanta Palace (Royal residence)
Pushbanta Palace (Royal residence)
Neermahal (Royal residence)
Rajmala (Royal chronicle)
Tripura Buranji (Chronicle)
Chaturdasa Devata (Family deities)

* v
* t
* e

On 9 September 1949, "Tripura Merger Agreement", was signed and come in effect from 15 October 1949 & Tripura became part of Indian Union.[100]

### Nayaka Kingdoms (c. 1325–1815 CE)

[edit]

Main articles: Nayaka dynasties and Kingdom of Kandy

See also: Musunuri Nayakas, Recherla Nayakas, Pemmasani Nayaks, Nayaks of Gingee, Nayakas of Keladi, Thanjavur Nayak kingdom, Madurai Nayak dynasty, Nayakas of Chitradurga, and Nayaks of Kandy

The Nayakas were originally military governors under the Vijayanagara Empire. It is unknown, in fact, if these founded dynasties were related, being branches of a major family, or if they were completely different families. Historians tend to group them by location.

#### Nayaka dynasty

[edit]

See also: Nayaka dynasties

Ruler | Reign | Capital

|
|

Prolaya |  | 1323-1333 | Warangal
(Musunuri line)
Kapaya |  | 1333-1368 | Warangal
(Musunuri line)
Warangal annexed to Recherla
Singama I |  | 1335-1361 | Rachakonda
(Recherla line)
Anavotha I |  | 1361-1384 | Rachakonda
(Recherla line)
Singama II |  | 1384-1399 | Rachakonda
(Recherla line)
Anavotha II |  | 1399-1421 | Rachakonda
(Recherla line)
Mada |  | 1421-1430 | Rachakonda
(Recherla line)
Singama III |  | 1430-1475 | Rachakonda
(Recherla line)
Rachakonda annexed to Vijayanagara Empire
Kumaravira Timma I |  | 1441-1462 | Gandikota
(Pemmasani line)
Chenna Vibhudu |  | 1462-1505 | Gandikota
(Pemmasani line)
Vaiyappa |  | 1464-1490 | Gingee
(Gingee line)[101]
Tubaki Krishnappa |  | 1490-1520 | Gingee
(Gingee line)
Chaudappa |  | 1499-1530 | Keladi
(Keladi line)
Ramalinga |  | 1505-1540 | Gandikota
(Pemmasani line)
Achyutavijaya Ramachandra |  | 1520-1540 | Gingee
(Gingee line)
Viswanatha |  | 1529-1564 | Madurai
(Madurai line)
Sadashiva |  | 1530-1566[102] | Keladi
(Keladi line)
Chevappa |  | 1532-1580 | Tanjore
(Thanjavur line)
Bangaru Timma |  | 1540-1565 | Gandikota
(Pemmasani line)
Muthialu |  | 1540-1570 | Gingee
(Gingee line)
Krishnappa I |  | 1564-1572 | Madurai
(Madurai line)
Narasimha |  | 1565-1598 | Gandikota
(Pemmasani line)
Sankanna I |  | 1566-1570 | Keladi
(Keladi line)
Timanna |  | 1568-1589 | Chitradurga
(Chitradurga line)
Sankanna II the Younger
(Chikka Sankanna) |  | 1570-1580 | Keladi
(Keladi line)
Venkatappa |  | 1570-1600 | Gingee
(Gingee line)
Virappa |  | 1572-1595 | Madurai
(Madurai line)
Ramaraja |  | 1580-1586 | Keladi
(Keladi line)
Achuthappa |  | 1580-1614 | Tanjore
(Thanjavur line)
Venkatappa I the Elder
(Hiriya Venkatappa) |  | 1586-1629 | Keladi
(Keladi line)
Obanna-Madakari I |  | 1589-1602 | Chitradurga
(Chitradurga line)
Krishnappa II |  | 1595-1601 | Madurai
(Madurai line)
Timma |  | 1598-1623 | Gandikota
(Pemmasani line)
Varadappa |  | 1600-1620 | Gingee
(Gingee line)
Muthu Krishnappa |  | 1601-1609 | Madurai
(Madurai line)
Kasturi Rangappa I |  | 1602-1652 | Chitradurga
(Chitradurga line)
Muthu Virappa I |  | 1609-1623 | Madurai
(Madurai line)
Raghunatha |  | 1614-1634 | Tanjore
(Thanjavur line)
Appa |  | 1620-1649 | Gingee
(Gingee line)
Gingee annexed to the Bijapur Sultanate
Chenna Timma |  | 1623-1652 | Gandikota
(Pemmasani line)
Tirumala |  | 1623-1659 | Madurai
(Madurai line)
Virabhadra |  | 1629-1645 | Keladi
(Keladi line)
Vijaya Raghava |  | 1634-1673 | Tanjore
(Thanjavur line)
Thanjavur annexed to the Maratha Empire
Shivappa |  | 1645-1660 | Keladi
(Keladi line)
Madakari II |  | 1652-1674 | Chitradurga
(Chitradurga line)
Kumaravira Timma II |  | 1652-1685 | Gandikota
(Pemmasani line)
Gandikota annexed to the Sultanate of Golconda
Muthu Virappa II |  | 1659 | Madurai
(Madurai line)
Chokanatha I |  | 1659-1682 | Madurai
(Madurai line)
Venkatappa II the Younger
(Chikka Venkatappa) |  | 1660-1662 | Keladi
(Keladi line)
Bhadrappa |  | 1662-1664 | Keladi
(Keladi line)
Somashekara I |  | 1664-1672 | Keladi
(Keladi line)
Chennamma |  | 1672-1697 | Keladi
(Keladi line)
Obanna II |  | 1674-1675 | Chitradurga
(Chitradurga line)
Shoora Kantha |  | 1675-1676 | Chitradurga
(Chitradurga line)
Chikanna |  | 1676-1686 | Chitradurga
(Chitradurga line)
Regency of Queen Mangammal (1682-1689)
Aranga Krishna
Muthu Virappa III |  | 1682-1689 | Madurai
(Madurai line)
Madakari III |  | 1686-1688 | Chitradurga
(Chitradurga line)
Donne Rangappa |  | 1688-1689 | Chitradurga
(Chitradurga line)
Regency of Queen Mangammal (1689-1704)
Vijayaranga
Chokanatha II |  | 1689-1732 | Madurai
(Madurai line)
Bharamana |  | 1689-1721 | Chitradurga
(Chitradurga line)
Basavappa |  | 1697-1714 | Keladi
(Keladi line)
Somashekara II |  | 1714-1739 | Keladi
(Keladi line)
Madakari IV |  | 1721-1748 | Chitradurga
(Chitradurga line)
Meenakshi |  | 1732-1736 | Madurai
(Madurai line).
Madurai annexed to the Nawab of Carnatic
Basavappa |  | 1739-1754 | Keladi
(Keladi line)
Sri Vijaya Rajasinha |  | 1739-1747 | Kandy
(Kandy line)
Kirti Sri Rajasinha |  | 1747-1782 | Kandy
(Kandy line)
Kasturi Rangappa II |  | 1748-1758 | Chitradurga
(Chitradurga line)
Basappa |  | 1754-1759 | Keladi
(Keladi line)
Madakari V |  | 1758-1779 | Chitradurga
(Chitradurga line)
Chitradurga annexed to the Kingdom of Mysore
Virammaji |  | 1759-1763 | Keladi
(Keladi line)
Keladi annexed to the Kingdom of Mysore
Sri Rajadhi Rajasinha |  | 1782-1798 | Kandy
(Kandy line)
Sri Vikrama Rajasinha |  | 1798-1815[103][104] | Kandy
(Kandy line)
Kandy becomes a British colony

#### Vellore Nayaka Kingdom (c. 1540–1601 CE)

[edit]

Main article: Nayaks of Vellore

The list of nayaks are unclear. Some of the Nayaks are:

* Chinna Bommi Reddy
* Thimma Reddy Nayak
* Lingama Nayak

#### Other Nayaka kingdoms

[edit]

* Nayakas of Shorapur
* Nayakas of Kalahasti
* Nayakas of Harappanahalli
* Nayakas of Gummanayakana Palya
* Nayakas of Kuppam
* Nayakas of Rayalaseema
* Nayakas of Jarimale
* Nayakas of Gudekote
* Nayakas of Nayakanahatti[105][106]

### Reddy Kingdom (c. 1325–1448 CE)

[edit]

Main article: Reddy Kingdom

List of rulers–

* Prolaya Vema Reddy (1325–1335), founder of dynasty
* Anavota Reddy (1335–1364)
* Anavema Reddy (1364–1386)
* Kumaragiri Reddy (1386–1402)
* Kataya Vema Reddy (1395–1414)
* Allada Reddy (1414–1423)
* Veerabhadra Reddy (1423–1448), last ruler of dynasty

### Oiniwar (Sugauna) dynasty of Mithila (c. 1325–1526 CE)

[edit]

Main article: Oiniwar dynasty

List of rulers–

According to historian Makhan Jha, the rulers of the Oiniwar dynasty are as follows:[107]

* Nath Thakur, founder of dynasty in 1325 CE
* Atirupa Thakur
* Vishwarupa Thakur
* Govinda Thakur
* Lakshman Thakur
* Kameshwar Thakur
* Bhogishwar Thakur, ruled for over 33 years
* Ganeshwar Singh, reigned from 1355; killed by his cousins in 1371 after a long-running internecine dispute
* Kirti Singh
* Bhava Singh Deva
* Deva Simha Singh
* Shiva Simha Singh (or Shivasimha Rūpanārāyana), took power in 1402, missing in battle in 1406[108][109]
* Lakshima Devi, chief wife of Shiva Simha Singh, ruled as regent for 12 years. She committed sati after many years of waiting for her husband's return.[108]
* Padma Simha Singh, took power in 1418 and died in 1431[108]
* Viswavasa Devi, wife of Padma Singh, died in 1443
* Hara Singh Deva, younger brother of Deva Singh
* Nara Singh Deva, died in 1460
* Dhir Singh Deva
* Bhairva Singh Deva, died in 1515, brother of Dhir Singh Deva
* Rambhadra Deva
* Laxminath Singh Deva, last ruler died in 1526 CE

### Vijayanagara Empire (c. 1336–1646 CE)

[edit]

Main articles: Vijayanagara Empire and List of Vijayanagara emperors

Vijayanagara Empire was ruled by four different dynasties for about 310 years on entire South India.[110]

Serial no.  | Regnal names  | Reign (CE)

|
|

Sangama dynasty rulers (1336 to 1485 CE)
1  | Harihara I | 1336–1356
2  | Bukka Raya I | 1356–1377
3  | Harihara II | 1377–1404
4  | Virupaksha Raya | 1404–1405
5  | Bukka Raya II | 1405–1406
6  | Deva Raya | 1406–1422
7  | Ramachandra Raya | 1422
8  | Vira Vijaya Bukka Raya | 1422–1424
9  | Deva Raya II | 1424–1446
10  | Mallikarjuna Raya | 1446–1465
11  | Virupaksha Raya II | 1465–1485
12  | Praudha Raya | 1485
Saluva dynasty rulers (1485 to 1505 CE)
13  | Saluva Narasimha Deva Raya | 1485–1491
14  | Thimma Bhupala | 1491
15  | Narasimha Raya II | 1491–1505
Tuluva dynasty rulers (1491 to 1570 CE)
16  | Tuluva Narasa Nayaka | 1491–1503
17  | Viranarasimha Raya | 1503–1509
18  | Krishnadevaraya | 1509–1529
19  | Achyuta Deva Raya | 1529–1542
20  | Sadasiva Raya | 1542–1570
Aravidu dynasty rulers (1542 to 1646 CE)
21  | Aliya Rama Raya | 1542–1565
22  | Tirumala Deva Raya | 1565–1572
23  | Sriranga Deva Raya | 1572–1586
24  | Venkatapati Deva Raya | 1586–1614
25  | Sriranga II | 1614–1617
26  | Rama Deva Raya | 1617–1632
27  | Peda Venkata Raya | 1632–1642
28  | Sriranga III | 1642–1646/1652

### Bahmani Sultanate (c. 1347–1527 CE)

[edit]

Main article: Bahmani Sultanate

* Ala-ud-Din Bahman Mohamed bin Laden Shah (1347–1358)
* Muhammad Shah I (1358–1375)
* Ala ud din Mujahid Shah (1375–1378)
* Daud Shah I (1378)
* Muhammad Shah II (1378–1397)
* Ghiyas ud din Tahmatan Shah (1397)
* Shams ud din Daud Shah II (1397)
* Taj ud-Din Firuz Shah (1397–1422)
* Ahmad Shah I Wali (1422–1435), established his capital at Bidar
* Ala ud din Ahmad Shah II (1436–1458)
* Ala ud din Humayun Shah (1458–1461)
* Nizam-Ud-Din Ahmad III (1461–1463)
* Muhammad Shah III Lashkari (1463–1482)
* Mahmood Shah Bahmani II(1482–1518)
* Ahmad Shah IV (1518–1521)
* Ala ud din Shah (1521–1522)
* Waliullah Shah (1522–1524)
* Kalimullah Shah (1524–1527)

### Malwa Sultanate (c. 1392–1562 CE)

[edit]

Main article: Malwa Sultanate

Ghoris (1390–1436 CE)

* Dilavar Khan Husain (1390–1405)
* Alp Khan Hushang (1405–1435)
* Ghazni Khan Muhammad (1435–1436)
* Masud Khan (1436)

Khaljis (1436–1535 CE)

* Mahmud Shah I (1436–1469)
* Ghiyath Shah (1469–1500)
* Nasr Shah (1500–1511)
* Mahmud Shah II (1511–1530)

### Baro-Bhuyan kingdoms (c. 1365–1632 CE)

[edit]

Main article: Baro-Bhuyan

List of Kingdoms and their rulers are

#### Baro-Bhuyan of Assam (1365–1440 CE)

[edit]

* Sasanka (Arimatta) (1365–1385 CE)
* Gajanka (1385–1400 CE)
* Sukranka (1400–1415 CE)
* Mriganka (1415–1440 CE)

#### Baro-Bhuyan of Bengal (1576–1632 CE)

[edit]

* Isa Khan
* Musa Khan (Bengal Ruler)
* Masum Khan

### Tomara dynasty of Gwalior (c. 1375–1523 CE)

[edit]

Main article: Tomaras of Gwalior

The Tomara rulers of Gwalior include the following.[111][112]

Name in dynasty's inscriptions (IAST) | Reign | Names in Muslim chronicles and vernacular literature

|
|

Vīrasiṃha-deva | 1375–1400 CE or (c. 1394–1400 CE) | Virsingh Dev, Bir Singh Tomar, Bar Singh (in Yahya's writings), Har Singh (in Badauni's writings), Nar Singh (in Firishta's and Nizamuddin's writings).[113]
Uddharaṇa-deva | 1400–1402 CE | Uddharan Dev, Usaran or Adharan (in Khadagrai's writings)[114]
Virāma-deva | 1402–1423 CE | Viram Dev, Biram Deo (in Yahya's writings), Baram Deo (in Firishta's writings)
Gaṇapati-deva | 1423–1425 CE | Ganpati Dev
Dungarendra-deva alias Dungara-siṃha | 1425–1459 CE | Dungar Singh, Dungar Sen
Kirtisiṃha-deva | 1459–1480 CE | Kirti Singh Tomar
Kalyāṇamalla | 1480–1486 CE | Kalyanmal, Kalyan Singh
Māna-siṃha | 1486–1516 CE | Mana Sahi, Man Singh
Vikramāditya | 1516–1523 CE | Vikram Sahi, Vikramjit

### Wadiyar Kingdom of Mysore (c. 1399–1950 CE)

[edit]

Main articles: Kingdom of Mysore and Wadiyar dynasty

List of rulers

* Yaduraya Wodeyar or Raja Vijaya Raj Wodeyar (1399–1423 CE)
* Hiriya Bettada Chamaraja Wodeyar I (1423–1459 CE)
* Thimmaraja Wodeyar I (1459–1478 CE)
* Hiriya Chamaraja Wodeyar II (1478–1513 CE)
* Hiriya bettada Chamaraja Wodeyar III (1513–1553 CE)
* Thimmaraja Wodeyar II (1553–1572 CE)
* Bola Chamaraja Wodeyar IV (1572–1576 CE)
* Bettada Devaraja Wodeyar (1576–1578 CE)
* Raja Wodeyar I (1578–1617 CE)
* Chamaraja Wodeyar V (1617–1637 CE)
* Raja Wodeyar II (1637–1638 CE)
* Ranadhira Kantheerava Narasaraja Wodeyar I (1638–1659 CE)
* Dodda Devaraja Wodeyar (1659–1673 CE)
* Chikka Devaraja Wodeyar (1673–1704 CE)
* Kantheerava Narasaraja Wodeyar II (1704–1714 CE)
* Dodda Krishnaraja Wodeyar I (1714–1732 CE)
* Chamaraja Wodeyar VI (1732–1734 CE)
* Immadi Krishnaraja Wodeyar II (1734–1766 CE), ruled under Hyder Ali from 1761 CE
* Nanajaraja Wodeyar (1766–1770 CE), ruled under Hyder Ali
* Bettada Chamaraja Wodeyar VII (1772–1776 CE), ruled under Hyder Ali
* Khasa Chamaraja Wodeyar VIII (1776–1796 CE), ruled under Hyder Ali until 1782 CE, then under Tipu Sultan until his deposition in 1796 CE.
* Hyder Ali (1761–1782 CE), usurper and non-dynastic
* Tipu Sultan (1782–1799 CE), son of the previous.
* Mummudi Krishnaraja Wodeyar III (1799–1868 CE), Wodeyar dynasty restored
* Chamaraja Wodeyar IX (1868–1894 CE)
* Vani Vilas Sannidhana, queen of Chamaraja Wodeyar IX served as regent from (1894 to 1902 CE)
* Nalvadi Krishnaraja Wodeyar IV (1894–1940 CE)
* Jayachamaraja Wodeyar Bahadur (1940–1950 CE)

### Gajapati Empire (c. 1434–1541 CE)

[edit]

Main article: Gajapati Empire

Rulers–
Picture  | King  | Reign

|
|

| Kapilendra Deva | 1434–1467
| Purushottama Deva | 1467–1497
| Prataparudra Deva | 1497–1540
| Kalua Deva | 1540–1541
| Kakharua Deva | 1541

### Rathore dynasty of Bikaner (c. 1465–1947 CE)

[edit]

Main articles: Bikaner State and Rathore dynasty

Rulers–
Name  | Reign Began (in CE)  | Reign Ended (in CE)

|
|

1  | Rao Bika | 1465  | 1504
2  | Rao Narayan Singh | 1504  | 1505
3  | Rao Luna Karana (Lon-Karan)  | 1505  | 1526
4  | Rao Jait Singh (Jetasi)  | 1526  | 1542
5  | Rao Kalyan Mal | 1542  | 1574
6  | Rao Rai Singh I (Rai Rai Singh)  | 1574  | 1612
7  | Rai Dalpat Singh (Dalip)  | 1612  | 1613
8  | Rai Surat Singh Bhuratiya | 1613  | 1631
9  | Rao Karan Singh (Jangalpat Badhshah)  | 1631  | 1667
10  | Anup Singh | 1669  | 1698
11  | Rao Sarup Singh | 1698  | 1700
12  | Rao Sujan Singh | 1700  | 1735
13  | Rao Zorawar Singh | 1735  | 1746
14  | Rao Gaj Singh | 1746  | 1787
15  | Rao Rai Singh II (Raj Singh)  | 1787  | 1787
16  | Rao Pratap Singh | 1787  | 1787
17  | Rao Surat Singh | 1787  | 1828
18  | Rao Ratan Singh | 1828  | 1851
19  | Rao Sardar Singh | 1851  | 1872
20  | Dungar Singh | 1872  | 1887
21  | Ganga Singh | 1887  | 1943
22  | Sadul Singh | 1943  | 1947
23  | Karni Singh | 1947  | 1971

### Deccan Sultanates (c. 1490–1686 CE)

[edit]

Main article: Deccan Sultanates

#### Barid Shahi dynasty (1490–1619 CE)

[edit]

Main article: Bidar Sultanate

* Qasim Barid I 1490–1504
* Amir Barid I 1504–1542
* Ali Barid Shah I 1542–1580
* Ibrahim Barid Shah 1580–1587
* Qasim Barid Shah II 1587–1591
* Ali Barid Shah II 1591
* Amir Barid Shah II 1591–1601
* Mirza Ali Barid Shah III 1601–1609
* Amir Barid Shah III 1609–1619

#### Imad Shahi dynasty (1490–1572 CE)

[edit]

Main article: Berar sultanate

* Fathullah Imad-ul-Mulk (1490–1504)
* Aladdin Imad Shah (1504–1530)
* Darya Imad Shah (1530–1562)
* Burhan Imad Shah (1562–1574)
* Tufal Khan 1574

#### Adil Shahi dynasty (1490–1686 CE)

[edit]

Main article: Adil Shahi dynasty

* Yusuf Adil Shah (1490–1511)
* Ismail Adil Shah (1511–1534)
* Mallu Adil Shah (1534)
* Ibrahim Adil Shah I (1534–1558)
* Ali Adil Shah I (1558–1579)
* Ibrahim Adil Shah II (1580–1627)
* Mohammed Adil Shah, Sultan of Bijapur (1627–1657)
* Ali Adil Shah II (1657–1672)
* Sikandar Adil Shah (1672–1686)

#### Nizam Shahi dynasty (1490–1636 CE)

[edit]

Main article: Ahmadnagar Sultanate

* Malik Ahmad Nizam Shah I 1490–1510
* Burhan Nizam Shah I 1510–1553
* Hussain Nizam Shah I 1553–1565
* Murtaza Nizam Shah I 1565–1588
* Hussain Nizam Shah II 1588–1589
* Ismail Nizam Shah 1589–1591
* Burhan Nizam Shah II 1591–1595
* Ibrahim Nizam Shah 1595–1596
* Malik Ahmad Nizam Shah II 1596
* Bahadur Nizam Shah 1596–1600
* Murtaza Nizam Shah II 1600–1610
* Burhan Nizam Shah III 1610–1631
* Hussain Nizam Shah III 1631–1633
* Murtaza Nizam Shah III 1633–1636

#### Qutb Shahi dynasty (1518–1686 CE)

[edit]

Main article: Qutb Shahi dynasty

* Sultan Quli Qutbl Mulk (1518–1543)
* Jamsheed Quli Qutb Shah (1543–1550)
* Subhan Quli Qutb Shah (1550)
* Ibrahim Quli Qutub Shah (1550–1580)
* Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah (1580–1612)
* Sultan Muhammad Qutb Shah (1612–1626)
* Abdullah Qutb Shah (1626–1672)
* Abul Hasan Qutb Shah (1672–1686)

### Gatti Mudalis of Taramangalam (c. 15th–17th century CE)

[edit]

Main articles: Gatti Mudalis and Taramangalam

List of known rulers–

* Vanagamudi Gatti
* Immudi Gatti
* Gatti Mudali

## Early Modern Period (c. 1500s CE – 1850s CE)

[edit]

### Kingdom of Cochin (c. 1503–1948 CE)

[edit]

List of Maharajas of Cochin

### Koch Kingdom (c. 1515–1949 CE)

[edit]

List of Maharajas of Koch

### Mughal Empire (c. 1526–1857 CE)

[edit]

List of emperors of the Mughal Empire

### Sur Empire (c. 1540–1555 CE)

[edit]

List of rulers of the Sur Empire

### Gajapati of Odisha

[edit]

Lists of Gajapatis

### Khurda Kingdom

[edit]

List of rulers of Khurda

### Kingdom of Sikkim (c. 1642–1975 CE)

[edit]

List of Chogyals of Sikkim

### Maratha Empire (c. 1674–1818 CE)

[edit]

Main articles: List of Maratha rulers and List of Maratha dynasties and states

List of Chhatrapatis of the Marathas

#### Thanjavur Maratha kingdom (c. 1674–1855 CE)

[edit]

List of Thanjavur Maratha rulers

#### The Peshwas (c. 1713–1858 CE)

[edit]

List of Peshwas

#### Baroda State (c. 1721–1947 CE)

[edit]

List of Maharajas of Baroda

#### Gwalior State (c. 1731–1947 CE)

[edit]

List of Maharajas of Ujjain and Gwalior

#### Indore State (c. 1731–1948 CE)

[edit]

List of Maharajas of Indore

### Sinsinwar Jat Kingdom of Bharatpur and Deeg (c. 1683–1947 CE)

[edit]

Main article: Bharatpur State

List of rulers
Sinsinwar Jats of Bharatpur & Deeg (1683–1947)  Ruler  | Years

|

Raja Ram Sinsinwar | 1683–1688
Churaman | 1695–1721
Muhkam Singh | 1721–1722
Badan Singh | 1722–1755
Suraj Mal | 1755–1763
Jawahar Singh | 1764–1768
Ratan Singh | 1768–1769
Kehri Singh | 1769–1778
Ranjit Singh | 1778–1805
Randhir Singh | 1805–1823
Baldeo Singh | 1823–1825
Balwant Singh | 1825–1853
Jaswant Singh | 1853–1893
Ram Singh | 1893–1900
Kishan Singh | 1918–1929
Brijendra Singh | 1929–1947

This box:

* view
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* edit

### Pudukkottai Kingdom (c. 1686–1948 CE)

[edit]

Main article: Pudukkottai state

Rulers-

* Raghunatha Raya Tondaiman (1686–1730), first ruler
* Vijaya Raghunatha Raya Tondaiman I (1730–1769)
* Raya Raghunatha Tondaiman (1769–1789)
* Vijaya Raghunatha Tondaiman (December 1789–February 1, 1807)
* Vijaya Raghunatha Raya Tondaiman II (February 1, 1807–June 1825)
* Raghunatha Tondaiman (June 1825–July 13, 1839)
* Ramachandra Tondaiman (July 13, 1839 – April 15, 1886)
* Martanda Bhairava Tondaiman (April 15, 1886 – May 28, 1928)
* Rajagopala Tondaiman (October 28, 1928 – August 15, 1947), last ruler

### Sivaganga Kingdom (c. 1725–1947 CE)

[edit]

Main article: Sivaganga estate

Rulers–[115]

* Muthu Vijaya Raghunatha Periyavudaya Thevar (1725–1750), founder of kingdom
* Muthu Vaduganatha Periyavudaya Thevar (1750–1780)
* Velu Nachiyar (1780–1790)
* Vellacci (1790–1793)
* Vangam Periya Udaya Thevar (1793–1801), last independent ruler

Zamindar under British rule (1803–1947)

### Kingdom of Travancore (c. 1729–1949 CE)

[edit]

Main article: Travancore

Rulers–

* Marthanda Varma (1729–1758 CE), founder of kingdom
* Dharma Raja (1758–1798 CE)
* Balarama Varma (1798–1810CE)
* Gowri Lakshmi Bayi (1810–1815 CE)
* Gowri Parvati Bayi (1815–1829 CE)
* Swathi Thirunal (1829–1846 CE)
* Uthram Thirunal (1846–1860 CE)
* Ayilyam Thirunal (1860–1880 CE)
* Visakham Thirunal (1880–1885 CE)
* Moolam Thirunal (1885–1924 CE)
* Sethu Lakshmi Bayi (1924–1931 CE)
* Chithira Thirunal (1931–1949 CE), last ruler

### Newalkar dynasty of Jhansi (c. 1769–1858 CE)

[edit]

Main articles: Newalkar and Jhansi State

List of rulers–

* Raghunath Rao (1769–1796)
* Shiv Hari Rao (1796–1811)
* Ramchandra Rao (1811–1835)
* Raghunath Rao III (1835–1838)
* Sakku Bai Rao (1838–1839)
* Gangadhar Rao (1843–1853)
* Rani Lakshmi Bai as regent of Damodar Rao of Jhansi (21 November 1853 – 10 March 1854, 4 June 1857 – 4/5 April 1858)[116]

### Sikh Empire (c. 1801–1849 CE)

[edit]

Maharaja of Punjab

### Smaller Muslim Polities

[edit]

Hyderabad State

Nawab of Awadh

Nawab of Bengal

Hyder Ali, Tipu Sultan

### Dogra dynasty of Kashmir and Jammu (c. 1846–1952 CE)

[edit]

Maharaja of Kashmir and Jammu

## Later Modern India (c. 1850s onwards)

[edit]

### Empire of India (1876–1947 CE)

[edit]

Main articles: British Raj and Emperor of India

Portrait  | Name  | Birth  | Reign  | Death  | Consort  | Imperial Durbar | Royal House

|
|
|
|
|
|
|

| Victoria | 24 May 1819  | 1 May 1876 – 22 January 1901  | 22 January 1901  | None[a] | 1 January 1877
(represented by Lord Lytton)  | Hanover
| Edward VII | 9 November 1841  | 22 January 1901 – 6 May 1910  | 6 May 1910  |

Alexandra of Denmark

| 1 January 1903
(represented by Lord Curzon)  | Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
| George V | 3 June 1865  | 6 May 1910 – 20 January 1936  | 20 January 1936  |

Mary of Teck

| 12 December 1911 | Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
(1910–1917)

* * *

Windsor
(1917–1936)
| Edward VIII | 23 June 1894  | 20 January 1936 – 11 December 1936  | 28 May 1972  | None | None[b] | Windsor
| George VI | 14 December 1895  | 11 December 1936 – 15 August 1947[117] | 6 February 1952  |

Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon

| None[c] | Windsor

### Dominion of India (1947–1950 CE)

[edit]

Main articles: Dominion of India and List of heads of state of India § Monarch of India (1947–1950)

Portrait  | Name  | Birth  | Reign  | Death  | Consort  | Royal House

|
|
|
|
|
|

| George VI | 14 December 1895  | 15 August 1947 – 26 January 1950[117] | 6 February 1952  |

Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon

| Windsor

## See also

[edit]

* Greater India
* History of India
* History of Hinduism
* Middle kingdoms of India
* Timeline of Indian history
* List of wars involving India
* Pottery in the Indian subcontinent
* Outline of South Asian history
* History of Republic of India (1947–present)

### Other lists of monarchs

[edit]

* List of Tamil monarchs
* List of rulers of Assam
* List of rulers of Malwa
* List of rulers of Bengal
* List of rulers of Odisha
* List of rulers of India
* Lists of ancient kings
* List of heads of state of India
* List of Manipuri kings
* List of monarchs of Kashmir
* Legendary early Chola kings
* List of monarchs of Magadha
* List of Lunar dynasty kings
* List of Solar dynasty kings
* List of Jat dynasties and states
* List of Rajput dynasties and states
* List of Brahmin dynasties and states
* List of Jain states and dynasties
* List of Maratha dynasties and states
* List of rulers of the Delhi Sultanate
* List of dynasties and rulers of Rajasthan
* List of Rajput dynasties and states
* List of Hindu empires and dynasties

## Notes

[edit]

1. ^ Victoria's husband Prince Albert died on 14 December 1861.
2. ^ Edward VIII abdicated after less than one year of reign.
3. ^ A durbar was deemed expensive and impractical due to poverty and demands for independence.[118]

## References

[edit]

1. ^ Cunningham, Alexander (1877). Inscriptions of Asoka.
2. ^ Inscriptions of Asoka de D.C. Sircar p.30
3. ^ Misra, V.S. (2007). Ancient Indian Dynasties, Mumbai: Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, ISBN 81-7276-413-8, pp.283-8, 384
4. ^ Raychaudhuri, Hemchandra (2006). Political History Of Ancient India. Genesis Publishing. p. 348\. ISBN 9788130702919. Retrieved 25 October 2012.
5. ^ R. T. Vyas; Umakant Premanand Shah (1995). Studies in Jaina Art and Iconography and Allied Subjects. Abhinav Publications. p. 31\. ISBN 9788170173168. Retrieved 12 November 2012.
6. ^ "The Historical Value of Gangavamsanucharita Champu" (PDF). www.shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in. Retrieved 22 September 2018.
7. ^ V. V. Mirashi (1974). Bhavabhuti. Motilal Banarsidass. ISBN 978-81-208-1180-5.
8. ^ P. C. Roy (1980). "The Coinage of the Kalachuris of Ratnapura". The Coinage of Northern India. Abhinav Publications. ISBN 978-81-7017-122-5.
9. ^ von Hinüber, Oskar, Professor Emeritus, University of Freiburg. "Bronzes of the Ancient Buddhist Kingdom of Gilgit". www.metmuseum.org.`{{cite web}}`: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
10. ^ "Metropolitan Museum of Art". www.metmuseum.org.
11. ^ R. B. Singh (1964). History of the Chāhamānas. Nand Kishore & Sons. pp. 51–70. OCLC 11038728.
12. ^ Ashok Kumar Srivastava (1979). The Chahamanas of Jalor. Sahitya Sansar Prakashan. p. xvi. OCLC 12737199.
13. ^ Dasharatha Sharma (1959). Early Chauhān Dynasties. S. Chand / Motilal Banarsidass. p. 169\. ISBN 978-0-8426-0618-9.
14. ^ Ashok Kumar Srivastava 1979, p. 53.
15. ^ Wink, André (1996) [First published 1990]. Al-Hind: The Making of the Indo-Islamic World. Vol. I (3rd ed.). BRILL. pp. 152–153. ISBN 978-90-04-09249-5.
16. ^ Pralambha, read from the Tezpur plates, can be corrected to Salambha, in light of the Parbatiya plates, Sharma, Mukunda Manhava (1978). Inscriptions of Ancient Assam. Guwahati: Gauhati University. p. 105.
17. ^ "Kingdom that Mughals could never win". The Tribune. 22 February 2016. Retrieved 29 January 2018.
18. ^ International Cyclopaedia: A Library of Universal Knowledge. Vol. 6\. Dodd, Mead & Company. 1885. p. 451.
19. ^ "Bishnupur". Britannica. "Mallabhum kingdom"
20. ^ Steemers, Koen (2000). Architecture, City, Environment: Proceedings of PLEA 2000 : July 2000 ... James & James (Science Publishers) Ltd. p. 377\. ISBN 1902916166.
21. ^ Dasgupta, Gautam Kumar; Biswas, Samira; Mallik, Rabiranjan (2009). Heritage Tourism: An Anthropological Journey to Bishnupur. A Mittal Publication. pp. 31–43. ISBN 978-81-8324-294-3.
22. ^ Mallik, Abhaya Pada (1921). History of Bishnupur-Raj: An Ancient Kingdom of West Bengal (the University of Michigan ed.). Calcutta. pp. 128–130. Retrieved 11 March 2016.
23. ^ Handa 2002, p. 28 to 32.
24. ^ Sen, Sailendra Nath (1999) [First published 1988]. Ancient Indian History and Civilization (2nd ed.). New Age International. pp. 264–668. ISBN 81-224-1198-3.
25. ^ Georg Bühler, 'Pâiyalachchhî Nâmamâlâ', in Beiträge zur Kunde der Indogermanischen Sprachen, vol. 4, edited by Adalbert Bezzenberger (Göttingen, 1878) and B. J. Dośī, Pāia-lacchīnāmamāla (Prākṛta-Lakṣmināmamālā) (Bombay, 1960): v. 276
26. ^ Alexander Cunningham, ed. (1871). Archaeological Survey of India: Reports 1862–1884. Vol. I. Archaeological Survey of India. pp. 141–145. OCLC 421335527.
27. ^ D. C. Ganguly (1981). R. S. Sharma (ed.). A Comprehensive History of India (A. D. 300–985). Vol. 3, Part 1. Indian History Congress / Orient Longmans. p. 704.
28. ^ Alexander Cunningham 1871, p. 149.
29. ^ Jagbir Singh (2002). The Jat Rulers of Upper Doab: Three Centuries of Aligarh Jat Nobility. Aavishkar. p. 28\. ISBN 978-81-7910-016-5.
30. ^ a b Dilip Kumar Ganguly (1994). Ancient India, History and Archaeology. Abhinav. pp. 33–41. ISBN 978-81-7017-304-5.
31. ^ a b Susan L. Huntington (1984). The "Påala-Sena" Schools of Sculpture. Brill Archive. pp. 32–39. ISBN 90-04-06856-2.
32. ^ R. C. Majumdar (1971). History of Ancient Bengal. G. Bharadwaj. p. 161–162.
33. ^ Abdul Momin Chowdhury (1967). Dynastic history of Bengal, c. 750-1200 CE. Asiatic Society of Pakistan. pp. 272–273.
34. ^ Bindeshwari Prasad Sinha (1977). Dynastic History of Magadha, Cir. 450–1200 A.D. Abhinav Publications. pp. 253–. ISBN 978-81-7017-059-4.
35. ^ Dineshchandra Sircar (1975–1976). "Indological Notes - R.C. Majumdar's Chronology of the Pala Kings". Journal of Ancient Indian History. IX: 209–10.
36. ^ "Nasik History - Ancient Period". State Government of Maharashtra. Archived from the original on 29 April 2005. Retrieved 14 October 2006.
37. ^ Sen 1999, p. 264.
38. ^ "Kannauj after Harsha". Jagran Josh. 14 October 2015.
39. ^ Dikshit, R. K. (1976). The Candellas of Jejākabhukti. Abhinav. p. 25\. ISBN 978-81-7017-046-4.
40. ^ Sullerey, Sushil Kumar (2004). Chandella Art. Aakar Books. p. 25\. ISBN 978-81-87879-32-9.
41. ^ Jackson, Peter (2003). The Delhi Sultanate: A Political and Military History. Cambridge University Press. p. 199\. ISBN 978-0-521-54329-3.
42. ^ Jain, Kailash Chand (1972). Malwa Through the Ages, from the Earliest Times to 1305 A.D. Motilal Banarsidass. p. 329\. ISBN 978-81-208-0824-9.
43. ^ Smith, Walter (1994). The Mukteśvara Temple in Bhubaneswar. Motilal Banarsidass. pp. 23–24. ISBN 978-81-208-0793-8.
44. ^ Dániel Balogh (2012). "Raṇasiṃha Revisited: A New Copper-plate Inscription of the Candrāvatī Paramāra Dynasty". Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society. Third Series. 22 (1): 103. JSTOR 41490376.
45. ^ Dániel Balogh (2010). "A Copperplate Land Grant by Raṇasiṃhadeva of the Candrāvatī Paramāras". Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae. 63 (3): 270. doi:10.1556/AOrient.63.2010.3.3. JSTOR 23659005.
46. ^ Petech, Luciano (1977). The Kingdom of Ladakh, c. 950–1842 A.D. Instituto Italiano Per il Medio ed Estremo Oriente. pp. 171–172.
47. ^ Sali, M. L. (20 April 1998). India-China Border Dispute: A Case Study of the Eastern Sector. APH Publishing. ISBN 9788170249641. Retrieved 20 April 2018 - via Google Books.
48. ^ Kaul, H. N. (20 April 1998). Rediscovery of Ladakh. Indus Publishing. ISBN 9788173870866. Retrieved 20 April 2018 - via Google Books.
49. ^ Romila Thapar (2008). Somanatha. Penguin. p. 236\. ISBN 9780143064688.
50. ^ A. K. Majumdar (1956). Chaulukyas of Gujarat. Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan. p. 199\. OCLC 4413150.
51. ^ Michael D. Willis (1996). "Architecture in Central India under the Kacchapaghata Rulers". South Asian Studies. 12 (1): 14. doi:10.1080/02666030.1996.9628506.
52. ^ "Exploration Of Kadwaha, District Ashoknagar, Madhya Pradesh (2009-2010)". Bhopal: Archaeological Survey of India (Temple Survey Project). Archived from the original on 28 August 2016. Retrieved 9 May 2016.
53. ^ Prasad, Rajiva Nain (1966). Raja Man Singh of Amber. pp. 1.
54. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Prasad (1966, pp. 1–3)
55. ^ Sarkar, Jadunath (1994) [1984]. A History of Jaipur: C. 1503–1938. Orient Longman. p. 31\. ISBN 81-250-0333-9.
56. ^ Sarkar (1994, p. 33)
57. ^ Sarkar (1994, p. 259)
58. ^ Sarkar (1994, p. 260)
59. ^ Arms & Armour at the Jaipur court by Robert Elgood p.10
60. ^ Stein 1989b, p. 433.
61. ^ Thakur 1990, p. 287.
62. ^ Stein, Marc Aurel (1979) [First published 1900]. Kalhana's Rajatarangini: A Chronicle of the Kings of Kasmir. Vol. 1\. Motilal Banarsidass. pp. 133–138. ISBN 9780896841017.
63. ^ Tucci 1956, p. 66.
64. ^ Sen 1999, p. 272.
65. ^ Niyogi 1959, pp. 115–117.
66. ^ Niyogi 1959, p. 38.
67. ^ Niyogi 1959, p. 41.
68. ^ Hodgson, B. H. (1835). "Account of a Visit to the Ruins of Simroun, once the capital of the Mithila province". Journal of the Asiatic Society. 4: 121−124.
69. ^ Chaudhary, Radhakrishna. Mithilak Itihas (in Hindi). Ram Vilas Sahu. pp. 70–112. ISBN 9789380538280.
70. ^ Gogoi records that Sukhrangphaa died without leaving a son and the two ministers administered the kingdom without a king for five years (Gogoi 1968, p. 273). Gait and others do not record this (Gait 1906, p. 358), though Baruah does (Baruah 1993, p. 282)
71. ^ Sutuphaa was the younger brother of Sukhrangphaa, who was settled in a village called Lahanjing. He was invited by the Burhagohain and Borgohain to become the king and he set up his seat at Chapagurinagar (Gogoi 1968, p. 273)
72. ^ Sukhramphaa was assassinated by the king of the Chutiya kingdom on a barge ride on Suffry river (Gogoi 1968:273).
73. ^ Sukhangphaa and his chief queen were deposed and executed by the ministers for their autocratic rule (Gogoi 1968:274).
74. ^ Sudangphaa Bamuni Konwar was born to the second queen of Tyao Khamti in a Brahmin household of Habung (Gogoi 1968:274–275).
75. ^ Suhenphaa was speared to death in his palace by a Tai-Turung chief in revenge for being accused of theft (Gogoi 1968:282).
76. ^ Suhungmung was assassinated by a palace staff in a plot engineered by his son, Suklenmung (Gogoi 1968:309).
77. ^ Suramphaa was deposed by the ministers when he insisted on burying alive a son of each minister in the tomb of his dead step-son (Gogoi 1968:386). He was later murdered on the instructions of his nephew, the son of his brother and succeeding Swargadeo.
78. ^ Sutingphaa was a sickly king (Noriaya Raja), who participated in an intrigue by his chief queen to install a prince unpopular with the ministers. He was deposed and later murdered on the instructions of his son and successor king Sutamla (Gogoi 1968:391–392).
79. ^ Supangmung was grandson of Suleng (Deo Raja), the second son of Suhungmung (Gogoi 1968:448).
80. ^ The Maju Gohain, the brother of Chakradhwaj Singha, became the king. (Gogoi 1968, p. 470)
81. ^ Udayaaditya Sinha's palace was stormed by his brother (and successor king) with a thousand-strong contingent of men led by Lasham Debera, and the king was executed the next day. Udayaaditya's religious fanaticism under the influence of a godman had made him unpopular, and the three great gohains implicitly supported this group (Gogoi 1968:479–482). This event started a very unstable nine-year period of weak kings, dominated by Debera Borbarua, Atan Burhagohain and Laluk-sola Borphukan in succession. This period ended with the accession of Gadadhar Singha.
82. ^ Ramadhwaj Sinha was poisoned on the instructions of Debera Borbarua when he tried to assert his authority (Gogoi 1968:484).
83. ^ Deyell, John S. Ahom Language Coins of Assam.
84. ^ The Samaguria raja was deposed by Debera Borbarua, the de facto ruler, and later executed, along with his queen and her brother (Gogoi 1968:486).
85. ^ Gobar Rojaa was the son of Saranga, the son of Suten, the son of Suhungmung Dihingiya Roja.
86. ^ Gobar Raja was deposed and executed by the Saraighatias (the commanders of Saraighat/Guwahati), led by Atan Burhagohain (Gogoi 1968:486–488). Their target was the de facto ruler, Debera Borbarua, who was also executed.
87. ^ After Ramdhwaj Singha, Chamaguriya Khamjang Konwar alias Shujinpha ruled only 20 days from 10 April 1674 (e.i. Lakni Kat plao (or 26th year) of 18th Taosinga Circle) and on 30 April he was killed. There after Tungkhongiya Gobar Raja rose only 12 ruled. Both were killed by the powerful minister Debera Baruah. After Gobar Raja two more Prince rose only for another 12 days who are not recorded in chronicles. The title of Suhung is suitable for Dihingia Arjun Konwar, who minted coins and ruled more than six months and the minted year 1675 is his rising year (e.i. Lakni khut ni (or 27th year) of 18th Taosinga Circle) -- (Phukan, J.N. (1987). Reattribution of the Coins of Suhung)
88. ^ Dihingia Arjun Konwar tried to assert control by moving against the de facto ruler, Atan Burhagohain, but was routed in a skirmish. Sujinphaa was blinded and held captive when he committed suicide by striking his head against a stone (Gogoi 1968:489).
89. ^ Sudoiphaa was the grandson of Suhungmung's third son, Suteng (Gogoi 1968:490).
90. ^ Sudoiphaa was deposed by Laluk-sola Borphukan, who styled himself as the Burhaphukan, and later executed. Atan Burhagohain, the powerful minister, had been executed earlier (Gogoi 1968:492–493).
91. ^ Sulikphaa Lora Roja was deposed and then executed by Gadadhar Singha (Gogoi 1968:496–497).
92. ^ Kamaleswar Singha was installed as the king by Purnananda Burhagohain when he was still an infant. He was the son of Kadam Dighala, the son of Ayusut, the son of Lechai, the second son of Gadadhar Singha. Kadam Dighala, who could not become the king because of physical blemishes, was an important influence during the reign (Baruah 1993:148–150).
93. ^ a b Chandrakanta Singha was deposed by Ruchinath Burhagohain, mutilated and confined as a prisoner near Jorhat (Baruah 1993:221). The Burhagohain choose Brajanath, a descendant of Suremphaa Pramatta Singha, as the king and coins were struck in the new king's name, but it was discovered that he had mutilations on his person and his son, Purandar Singha, was instated instead (Gait 1906:223).
94. ^ Purandar Singha's forces under Jaganath Dhekial Phukan defeated the forces led by the Burmese general Kee-Woomingee (Kiamingi or Alumingi Borgohain) on 15 February 1819, but due to a strategic mistake Jorhat fell into Burmese hands. Kiamingi brought back Chandrakanta Singha and installed him the king (Baruah 1993:221–222).
95. ^ Chandrakanta Singha fled to Guwahati when the army of Bagyidaw king of Burma, led by Mingimaha Tilwa, approached Jorhat (Baruah 1993:223).
96. ^ Jogeshwar Singha was the brother of Hemo Aideu, one of the queens of Bagyidaw. He was installed as the king by Mingimaha Tilwa (Baruah 1993:223).
97. ^ Jogeshwar Singha was removed from all pretense of power and Mingimaha Tilwa was declared the "Raja of Assam" toward the end of June 1822 (Baruah 1993:225).
98. ^ Purandar Singha was set up by the East India Company as the tributary Raja of Upper Assam (Baruah 1993:244).
99. ^ "genealogy of the royal house of jaffna". Archived from the original on 28 December 2014. Retrieved 16 July 2021.
100. ^ Suresh K. Sharma, Documents on North-East India: Tripura, pp. 93-95
101. ^ The list presented for the Gingee line follows Srinivasachari, which takes chronicles mentioned in copper plate grants into account and notes governorship of Gingee began in Saka era 1386 / CE 1464.
102. ^ Friedberg, Arthur L.; Friedberg, Ira S. (2009). Sadashiva Nayaka reign. Coin & Currency Institute. ISBN 9780871843081. Retrieved 30 June 2015.
103. ^ Somasekhara Sarma, Mallampalli (1946). History of the Reddi Kingdoms (Circa. 1325 A.D., to circa. 144B A.D.). Waltair: Andhra University. p. 81.: "How this discrepancy arose and why such a wrong account was given in the Kaluvaceru grant is a mystery which is yet to be unravelled."
104. ^ Rama Rao, M. (1947). "The Fall of Warangal and After". Proceedings of the Indian History Congress. 10: 295. JSTOR 44137150. "It is thus impossible that Prolaya Vema could at any time have been a subordinate of the Musunuri chiefs."
105. ^ Howes, Jennifer (1 January 1998). The Courts of Pre-colonial South India: Material Culture and Kingship. Psychology Press. p. 28\. ISBN 07-0071-585-1.
106. ^ Rao, Velcheru Narayana; Shulman, David; Subrahmanyam, Sanjay (1998). Symbols of substance : court and state in Nayaka period Tamil Nadu. Oxford University Press. p. 18.
107. ^ Jha, Makhan (1997). Anthropology of Ancient Hindu Kingdoms: A Study in Civilizational Perspective. M.D. Publications Pvt. Ltd. pp. 155–157. ISBN 9788175330344.
108. ^ a b c Love Songs of Vidyāpati. Translated by Bhattacharya, Deben. London: G. Allen & Unwin. 1963.
109. ^ Coomaraswamy, Ananda Kentish (1915). Vidyāpati: Bangīya Padābali; Songs of the Love of Rādhā and Krishna. London: The Old Bourne Press.
110. ^ Dhere, Ramchandra (2011). Rise of a Folk God: Vitthal of Pandharpur South Asia Research. Oxford University Press, 2011. p. 243\. ISBN 9780199777648.
111. ^ Kalyan Kumar Chakravarty (1984). Gwalior Fort: art, culture, and history. Arnold-Heinemann. pp. 98–116. ISBN 978-0-391-03223-1.
112. ^ B. D. Misra (1993). Forts and fortresses of Gwalior and its hinterland. Manohar. pp. 27–46. ISBN 978-81-7304-047-4.
113. ^ Kishori Saran Lal (1963). Twilight of the Sultanate. Asia Publishing House. p. 6\. OCLC 500687579.
114. ^ Sant Lal Katare (1975). "Two Gangolatal, Gwalior, Inscriptions of the Tomara Kings of Gwalior". Journal of the Oriental Institute. XXIII. Oriental Institute, Maharajah Sayajirao University: 346.
115. ^ K. R. Venkatarama Ayyar, Sri Brihadamba State Press, 1938, A Manual of the Pudukkóttai State, p.720
116. ^ Guida M. Jackson; Guida Myrl Jackson-Laufer (1999). Women Rulers Throughout the Ages: An Illustrated Guide. ABC-CLIO. p. 227\. ISBN 9781576070918.
117. ^ a b George VI retained the title "Emperor of India" until 22 June 1948.
118. ^ Vickers, Hugo (2006), Elizabeth: The Queen Mother, Arrow Books/Random House, p. 175, ISBN 978-0-09-947662-7

### Books

[edit]

* Baruah, S. L. (1993). Last Days of Ahom Monarchy. New Delhi: Munshiram Manoharlal. OCLC 31777697.
* Gait, Edward A. (1906). A History of Assam. Calcutta: Thacker, Spink & Co.
* Gnyawali, Surya Bikram (1 December 1971) [1962], "The Malla Kings of Western Nepal" (PDF), Regmi Research Series, 3 (12): 265–268
* Gogoi, Padmeshwar (1968). The Tai and the Tai kingdoms. Gauhati University. OCLC 199460.
* Handa, O. C. (Omacanda) (2002). History of Uttaranchal. New Delhi: Indus Publishing. ISBN 9788173871344.
* Niyogi, Roma (1959). The History of the Gāhaḍavāla Dynasty. Oriental. OCLC 5386449.
* Pande, Badri Datt (1993). History of Kumaun : English version of "Kumaun ka itihas". Almora: Shyam Prakashan. ISBN 81-85865-01-9.
* Somani, Ram Vallabh (1976). History of Mewar, from Earliest Times to 1751 A.D. Mateshwari. OCLC 2929852.
* Stein, Mark Aurel (1989a) [1900]. Kalhana's Rajatarangini: a chronicle of the kings of Kasmir, Volume 1 (Reprinted ed.). Motilal Banarsidass. ISBN 978-81-208-0369-5. Retrieved 11 July 2011.
* Stein, Mark Aurel (1989b) [1900]. Kalhana's Rajatarangini: a chronicle of the kings of Kasmir, Volume 2 (Reprinted ed.). Motilal Banarsidass. ISBN 978-81-208-0370-1. Retrieved 10 July 2011.
* Thakur, Laxman S. (1990). "The Khaśas: An Early Indian Tribe". In K. K. Kusuman (ed.). A Panorama of Indian Culture: Professor A. Sreedhara Menon Felicitation Volume. Mittal Publications. pp. 285–293. ISBN 978-81-7099-214-1.
* Tucci, Giuseppe (1956). Preliminary Report on Two Scientific Expeditions in Nepal. David Brown Book Company. ISBN 978-88-575-2684-3.

* v
* t
* e

Middle kingdoms of India

|  | Timeline and
cultural period  | Northwestern India
(Punjab-Sapta Sindhu)  | Indo-Gangetic Plain | Central India  | Southern India

|
|
|
|

Upper Gangetic Plain
(Ganga-Yamuna doab)  | Middle Gangetic Plain  | Lower Gangetic Plain
IRON AGE
Culture | Late Vedic Period | Late Vedic Period
(Srauta culture)[a]
Painted Grey Ware culture | Late Vedic Period
(Shramanic culture)[b]
Northern Black Polished Ware | Pre-history
6th century BCE | Gandhara | Kuru-Panchala | Magadha |  | Adivasi (tribes) | Assaka
Culture | Persian-Greek influences | "Second Urbanisation"
Rise of Shramana movements
Jainism \- Buddhism \- Ājīvika \- Yoga | Pre-history
5th century BCE | (Persian conquests)  |  | Shaishunaga dynasty |  | Adivasi (tribes) | Assaka
4th century BCE | (Greek conquests)  | Nanda empire |
HISTORICAL AGE
Culture | Spread of Buddhism | Pre-history |
3rd century BCE | Maurya Empire | Satavahana dynasty
Sangam period
(300 BCE – 200 CE)
Early Cholas
Early Pandyan kingdom
Cheras

Culture | Preclassical Hinduism[c] \- "Hindu Synthesis"[d] (ca. 200 BC - 300 CE)[e][f]
Epics \- Puranas \- Ramayana \- Mahabharata \- Bhagavad Gita \- Brahma Sutras \- Smarta Tradition
Mahayana Buddhism |
2nd century BCE | Indo-Greek Kingdom | Shunga Empire
Maha-Meghavahana Dynasty | Satavahana dynasty
Sangam period
(300 BCE – 200 CE)
Early Cholas
Early Pandyan kingdom
Cheras

1st century BCE
1st century CE |

Indo-Scythians
Indo-Parthians

| Kuninda Kingdom |  |
2nd century | Kushan Empire
3rd century | Kushano-Sasanian Kingdom | Kushan Empire | Western Satraps | Kamarupa kingdom  | Adivasi (tribes)
Culture | "Golden Age of Hinduism"(ca. CE 320-650)[g]
Puranas
Co-existence of Hinduism and Buddhism
4th century | Kidarites | Gupta Empire
Varman dynasty | Andhra Ikshvakus
Kalabhra dynasty
Kadamba Dynasty
Western Ganga Dynasty
5th century | Hephthalite Empire | Alchon Huns | Vishnukundina
Kalabhra dynasty

6th century | Nezak Huns
Kabul Shahi |  | Maitraka |  | Adivasi (tribes) | Vishnukundina
Badami Chalukyas
Kalabhra dynasty

Culture | Late-Classical Hinduism (ca. CE 650-1100)[h]
Advaita Vedanta \- Tantra
Decline of Buddhism in India
7th century | Indo-Sassanids |  | Vakataka dynasty
Empire of Harsha | Mlechchha dynasty | Adivasi (tribes) | Badami Chalukyas
Eastern Chalukyas
Pandyan kingdom (revival)
Pallava
8th century | Kabul Shahi |  | Pala Empire | Eastern Chalukyas
Pandyan kingdom
Kalachuri
9th century |  | Gurjara-Pratihara |  | Rashtrakuta dynasty
Eastern Chalukyas
Pandyan kingdom
Medieval Cholas
Chera Perumals of Makkotai
10th century | Ghaznavids |  |  | Pala dynasty
Kamboja-Pala dynasty | Kalyani Chalukyas
Eastern Chalukyas
Medieval Cholas
Chera Perumals of Makkotai
Rashtrakuta

References and sources for table

References

1. ^ Samuel
2. ^ Samuel
3. ^ Michaels (2004) p.39
4. ^ Hiltebeitel (2002)
5. ^ Michaels (2004) p.39
6. ^ Hiltebeitel (2002)
7. ^ Michaels (2004) p.40
8. ^ Michaels (2004) p.41

Sources

* Flood, Gavin D. (1996), An Introduction to Hinduism, Cambridge University Press
* Hiltebeitel, Alf (2002), Hinduism. In: Joseph Kitagawa, "The Religious Traditions of Asia: Religion, History, and Culture", Routledge
* Michaels, Axel (2004), Hinduism. Past and present, Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press
* Samuel, Geoffrey (2010), The Origins of Yoga and Tantra. Indic Religions to the Thirteenth Century, Cambridge University Press

This article includes a monarchs-related list of lists.
*[c.]: circa
*[v]: View this template
*[t]: Discuss this template
*[e]: Edit this template