List of Internet top-level domains

This article needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (May 2021)

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This list of Internet top-level domains  (TLD) contains top-level domains, which are those domains in the DNS root zone of the Domain Name System of the Internet. A list of the top-level domains by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) is maintained at the Root Zone Database.[1] IANA also oversees the approval process for new proposed top-level domains for ICANN. As of April 2021[update], their root domain contains 1502 top-level domains.[2][3] As of March 2021[update], the IANA root database includes 1589 TLDs. That also includes 68 that are not assigned (revoked), 8 that are retired and 11 test domains.[1] Those are not represented in IANA's listing[2] and are not in root.zone file (root.zone file also includes one root domain).[4]

## Types

[edit]

Main article: Top-level domain § Types

IANA distinguishes the following groups of top-level domains:[5]

* infrastructure top-level domain (ARPA)
* generic top-level domains (gTLD)
* generic-restricted top-level domains (grTLD)
* sponsored top-level domains (sTLD)
* country code top-level domains (ccTLD)
* test top-level domains (tTLD)

## Original top-level domains

[edit]

Seven generic top-level domains were created early in the development of the Internet, and predate the creation of ICANN in 1998.

* Name: DNS names
* Entity: intended use
* Administrator: managers
* Notes: general remarks
* IDN: support for internationalized domain names (IDN)
* DNSSEC: presence of DS records for Domain Name System Security Extensions

Name | Entity  | Administrator[6] | Notes  | IDN | DNSSEC | SLD | IPv6

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.com | commercial | Verisign | This is an open TLD; any person or entity is permitted to register. Though originally intended for use by for-profit business entities, for a number of reasons it became the main TLD for domain names and is currently used by all types of entities including nonprofits, schools, and private individuals. Domain name registrations may be successfully challenged if the holder cannot prove an outside relation justifying reservation of the name,[7] to prevent "squatting". It was originally administered by the United States Department of Defense. | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes
.org | organization | Public Interest Registry | This is an open TLD; any person or entity is permitted to register. Originally created as a miscellaneous category as stated in RFC 920 (October 1984) "...any other domains meeting the second level requirements," and clarified in RFC 1591 (March 1994), "This domain is intended as the miscellaneous TLD for organizations that didn't fit anywhere else. Some non-government organizations may fit here."[8][9] While mainly non-profits have used this domain, it was never restricted from miscellaneous use. | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes
.net | network | Verisign | This is an open TLD; any person or entity is permitted to register. According to RFC 1591 (March 1994) "This domain is intended to hold only the computers of network providers."[9] | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes
.int | international | Internet Assigned Numbers Authority | The .int TLD is strictly limited to organizations, offices, and programs endorsed by a treaty between two or more nations. However, a few grandfathered domains do not meet these criteria. | No | Yes | Yes | Yes
.edu | education | Educause (via Verisign) | The .edu TLD is limited to specific higher educational institutions such as, but not limited to, trade schools and universities. In the U.S., its use was restricted in 2001 to post-secondary institutions accredited by an agency on the list of nationally recognized accrediting agencies. This domain is therefore almost exclusively used by American colleges and universities. Some institutions, such as the Exploratorium, that do not meet the current registration criteria have grandfathered domain names. | No | Yes | Yes | Yes
.gov | U.S. national and state government agencies | Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (via Verisign) | The .gov TLD is limited to United States governmental entities and agencies as well as qualifying state, county and local municipal government agencies, and tribal governments. | No | Yes | Yes | Yes
.mil | U.S. military | United States Department of Defense | The .mil TLD is limited to divisions, services and agencies of the United States Department of Defense. | No | Yes | Yes | Yes

## Infrastructure top-level domains

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Infrastructure | Entity | Notes | IDN | DNSSEC

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.arpa | "Address and Routing Parameter Area" | Originally assigned to the Advanced Research Projects Agency in the early days on the Internet, .arpa is now exclusively used as an Internet infrastructure TLD. | No | Yes

## Country code top-level domains

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Main article: Country code top level domain § Lists

As of 20 May 2017, there were 255 country-code top-level domains, purely in the Latin alphabet, using two-character codes. As of June 2022[update], the number was 316, with the addition of internationalized domains.[1]

### Proposed internationalized ccTLDs

[edit]

Main article: Proposed top-level domain § Internationalized country code top-level domains

Internationalised domain names have been proposed for Japan and Libya.

##  ICANN-era generic top-level domains

[edit]

* Name: DNS name
* Target market: intended use
* Restrictions: restrictions, if any, on who can register, and how the domain can be used
* Operator: entity the registry has been delegated to
* IDN: support for internationalized domain names (IDN)
* DNSSEC: presence of DS records for Domain Name System Security Extensions

### English

[edit]

#### A

[edit]

Name | Target market  | Restrictions  | Operator/Registry  | IDN | DNSSEC

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.academy | Schools, military academies, online learning websites, PTAs and student portals, or any site created to be educational on a particular topic. | — | Identity Digital[ID 1] | Yes | Yes
.accountant | Certified Public Accountants, tax advisors, corporate accountants, personal and business accountants, and professional CPA organizations. | — | Global Registry Services Ltd[10] | Un­known | Yes
.accountants | Accountants and accounting firms. | — | Identity Digital[ID 2] | Yes | Yes
.active |  | Reserved for Active Network. | The Active Network | Un­known |
.actor | Aspiring actors and their agents, theaters and movie studios, entertainment outlets, streaming video sites, movie review sites, and celebrity gossip sites. | — | Identity Digital[n 1] | Yes | Yes
.ads | advertising | Reserved for Google AdSense. | Charleston Road Registry Inc. (Google)[11] |  | Yes
.adult | Sites providing sexually explicit content, such as pornography. | — | ICM Registry | Yes | Yes
.aero | Air-transport industry. | Must verify eligibility for registration; only those in various categories of air-travel-related entities may register. | SITA | No | Yes
.africa | African and pan-African topics, African Union | — | ZA Central Registry | Un­known | Yes
.agency | Marketing and advertising agencies, PR or communications agencies, design firms, talent agencies, travel agencies, and other related agencies. | — | Identity Digital[ID 3] | Yes[12] | Yes
.airforce | Military recruiters, flight training schools, supply companies, military aircraft suppliers and repair companies, and Air Force members and veterans. | — | Identity Digital[n 1] | Yes | Yes
.amazon |  | Reserved for Amazon. | Amazon Registry Services, Inc. |  | Yes
.amex  |  | Reserved for American Express |  |  | Yes
.analytics |  | Reserved for SAS Institute. | Campus IP LLC[11] |  | Yes
.apartments | Property (apartment) managers, condominium/apartment developers, college websites/centers, and city guides and community centers. | — | Identity Digital | Yes | Yes
.app | Apps.[13] | — | Charleston Road Registry Inc.(Google)[n 2] | Yes | Yes
.apple | Apple.[14] | Reserved for Apple.[15] | Apple | Un­known | Yes
.archi | architects and architect firms[16] | Restricted to individuals and organizations that can verify participation in architecture industry.[17] | STARTING DOT LIMITED | Un­known | Yes
.army | Military recruiter, army supply stores, military training schools, army members and veterans | — | Identity Digital[n 1] | Yes | Yes
.art | artists, museums, art galleries, dealers, service providers and contractors | — | UK Creative Ideas | Yes | Yes
.arte  |  | Reserved for Arte |  |  | Yes
.associates | Accountants, law firms, consulting firms, real estate agencies, health & medical groups | — | Identity Digital[ID 4] | Yes | Yes
.attorney | Independent attorneys and law firms of any size, legal services entities, elected officials and judges, professional organizations, law students | — | Identity Digital[n 1] | Yes | Yes
.auction | Auction houses & online auctions, car and truck auction, B2B commodity auctions, charity auctions for non-profits and schools, buyer and seller communities | — | Identity Digital[n 1] | Yes | Yes
.audible |  | Reserved for Audible | Amazon Registry Services, Inc.[11] |  | Yes
.audio | stereo/sound systems, music | — | Uniregistry | Yes[18] | Yes
.author |  | — | Amazon Registry Services, Inc.[11] |  | Yes
.auto | vehicles | — | XYZ.com[11] |  | Yes
.autos | vehicles | — | XYZ.com | Un­known | Yes
.aws |  | Reserved for Amazon Web Services | Amazon Registry Services, Inc.[11] |  | Yes

#### B

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Name | Target market  | Restrictions  | Operator/Registry  | IDN | DNSSEC

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.baby | For selling baby-related products | — | XYZ.com[11] | Yes | Yes
.band  | Music venues, ticket sale/resale sites, music band & musician sites, school band sites, music review sites  | —  | Identity Digital[n 1] | Yes | Yes
.bank | banks | Restricted to banks and savings associations | fTLD Registry Services, LLC | Un­known | Yes
.bar | Bars and related industry | — | Punto 2012 | Yes | Yes
.barefoot |  | Reserved for Gallo Vineyards Inc. | Gallo Vineyards, Inc.[11] |  | Yes
.bargains | Online retailers, large and small, "sale" sections on retail websites, discount & overstock sites, bargain hunters, frugal-living bloggers | — | Identity Digital[ID 5] | Yes | Yes
.baseball | baseball | Reserved for MLB | MLB Advanced Media DH, LLC[11] |  | Yes
.basketball | basketball | Reserved for FIBA | Fédération Internationale de Basketball (FIBA)[11] |  | Yes
.beauty | beauty | — | XYZ.com[11] | Yes | Yes
.beer | breweries and beer aficionados | — | Minds + Machines[n 3] | Un­known | Yes
.best |  | — | BestTLD Pty Ltd | Un­known | Yes
.bestbuy |  | Reserved for Best Buy | BBY Solutions, Inc.[11] |  | Yes
.bet | gambling | — | Identity Digital plc[11] | Yes | Yes
.bible |  | — | American Bible Society[11] | Yes | Yes
.bid | auctions | — | Global Registry Services Ltd[10] | Yes | Yes
.bike | Bicycle & motorcycle enthusiasts, bike retailers & gear shops, bike repair shops, biking event organizers, bike or motorcycle clubs | — | Identity Digital[ID 6] | Yes[19] | Yes
.bingo | Bingo halls, casinos, online & casual gaming sites, travel agencies | — | Identity Digital | Yes | Yes
.bio | Organic agriculture[20] | Open TLD; any person or entity is permitted to register; however, registrants who are "producers, transformers and retailers, or otherwise involved in the field of agriculture, food and farming" must comply with the Principles of Organic Agriculture.[21][22] | Identity Digital[23] | Un­known | Yes
.biz | business | Open TLD; any person or entity is permitted to register; however, registrations may be challenged later if they are not held by commercial entities in accordance with the domain's charter. This TLD was created to provide relief for the .com TLD, where many names have already been taken. | NeuStar | Yes[12] | Yes
.black | those who like the color black[24] | — | Identity Digital | Yes | Yes
.blackfriday | Black Friday, retail | — | Uniregistry | Yes[18] | Yes
.blockbuster |  | Reserved for Blockbuster LLC | Dish DBS Corporation[11] |  | Yes
.blog | Blogs | — | Automattic[25] | [12] | Yes
.blue | those who like the color blue[26] | — | Identity Digital | Yes | Yes
.boo | — | — | Charleston Road Registry Inc. (Google)[n 2] | Yes | Yes
.book |  | — | Amazon Registry Services, Inc.[11] |  | Yes
.boots |  | Reserved for Boots Company Ltd | THE BOOTS COMPANY PLC[11] |  |
.boston | websites related to the city of Boston, Massachusetts USA | — | Boston TLD Management, LLC[11] | Un­known | Yes
.bot |  | Previously restricted to online "bots" using approved frameworks (Amazon Lex, Dialogflow, Gupshup, Microsoft Bot Framework, and Pandorabots)[27] and now has no restrictions.[28] | Amazon Registry Services, Inc.[11] |  | Yes
.boutique | Specialty online retailers, vintage shops, designers, artists and artisans, craftspeople | — | Identity Digital[ID 7] | Yes | Yes
.box | individuals and businesses, in order to promote personal cloud storage | — | NS1 Limited | Yes | Yes
.broadway | Broadway theatre | Reserved for members of the Broadway League | Celebrate Broadway, Inc.[11] |  | Yes
.broker |  | — | DOTBROKER REGISTRY LTD[11] |  | Yes
.build | construction industry | — | Plan Bee LLC | Yes | Yes
.builders | Contractors, subcontractors, commercial/residential architects, interior designers | — | Identity Digital[ID 8] | Yes | Yes
.business | Creative businesses & agencies, freelancers & independent consultants, any other business looking to differentiate from the competition | — | Identity Digital[ID 9] | Yes | Yes
.buy | sales | — | Amazon Registry Services, INC[11] |  | Yes
.buzz | marketing and social networking | — | DOTSTRATEGY | Yes | Yes

#### C

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Name | Target market  | Restrictions  | Operator/Registry  | IDN | DNSSEC

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.cab | Airline & travel-related products or services, city guides & tourist attractions, transportation businesses, hotels, hostels, B&Bs, lodging, tourist attractions | — | Identity Digital[ID 10] | Yes | Yes
.cafe | Cafes, restaurants, delis, cafeterias, coffee shops & coffee stands, student lounges, mobile food/beverage vendors, cooking schools | — | Identity Digital | Yes | Yes
.call |  | — | Amazon Registry Services, Inc.[11] |  | Yes
.cam | Cameras, photography, broadcasting, film-making and livestreaming. | — | CAM Connecting SarL [29] | Yes | Yes
.camera | Professional photographers, camera and equipment retailers, photo studios & photography schools, wedding and specialty photographers, anyone who wants to share photos online | — | Identity Digital[ID 11] | Yes | Yes
.camp | Camping/RV sites, travel writers & bloggers, outdoor adventure companies, summer camps for kids, hotels, hostels, lodges, bed & breakfast lodging | — | Identity Digital[ID 12] | Yes | Yes
.cancerresearch | Organizations, research institutes and individuals interested in ending cancer through research[30] | — | Australian Cancer Research Foundation | Un­known |
.capital | Mortgage companies, financial services professionals, investment services, venture capital investors | — | Identity Digital[ID 13] | Yes | Yes
.car | vehicles | — | Cars Registry Limited[11] |  | Yes
.cards | Occasion shoppers (holiday, birthday, bereavement), occasion-related websites, gift buyers, corporate HR departments | — | Identity Digital[ID 14] | Yes | Yes
.care | Surgeons, primary/secondary care physicians, insurance providers, hospitals & clinics, medical, dental, or vision specialists, service based products or services | — | Identity Digital[ID 15] | Yes | Yes
.career | jobs and job-searching | — | dotCareer LLC | Yes | Yes
.careers | Career services (coaching, resume writing), job sites & recruiters, business coaches, staffing firms, HR department of any business | — | Identity Digital[ID 16] | Yes | Yes
.cars | Automotive | — | Uniregistry | Yes | Yes
.casa | Spanish word for house, targeted for real estate and other house and home related companies | — | Minds + Machines Group Limited |  |
.case |  | Reserved for CNH Industrial | CNH Industrial N.V.[11] |  | Yes
.cash | Pawn shops and consignment shops, currency exchanges, other cash-based businesses, check cashing services | — | Identity Digital[ID 17] | Yes | Yes
.casino | Casino & online gaming sites, travel agencies, local tourist sites, hotel booking sites | — | Identity Digital | Yes | Yes
.catering | Caterers & personal chefs, specialty food vendors, wedding planners & event planners, event spaces, wholesale suppliers | — | Identity Digital[ID 18] | Yes | Yes
.catholic | Catholicism | — | Dicastery for Communication[11] |  | Yes
.center | Community centers, business centers, shopping centers, tourist sites/city centers, tutoring & learning centers | — | Identity Digital[ID 19] | Yes | Yes
.cern | CERN | CERN | CERN | Un­known | Yes
.ceo | CEOs | —[31] | CEOTLD Pty Ltd | Un­known | Yes
.cfd | clothing fashion design  | — | ShortDot SA[11] |  | Yes
.channel |  | — | Charleston Road Registry Inc. (Google)[n 2] | Yes[12] | Yes
.chat | Online chat rooms, dating, political, religious, sports, human interest, & hobbyist forums, companies with live chat help desks, chatbot technology companies | — | Identity Digital | Yes | Yes
.charity  |  | —  | Identity Digital | Yes | Yes
.cheap | Online retailers, discount sites, overstock sites, businesses who sell bulk products at discounted prices, bargain hunters & frugal-living bloggers | — | Identity Digital[ID 20] | Yes | Yes
.christmas | Christmas | — | Uniregistry | Yes[18] | Yes
.church | Churches, youth organizations, spiritual communities, religion-based organizations, anyone who publishes spiritual or religious content | — | Identity Digital[ID 21] | Yes | Yes
.circle |  | — | Amazon Registry Services, Inc.[11] |  | Yes
.city | City resource sites for locals and travelers, travel writers & bloggers, local reviews websites, tourist attractions, transportation businesses | — | Identity Digital[ID 22] | Yes | Yes
.claims | Insurance adjusters & claims representatives, insurance claims departments (auto, medical, homeowners), customer service departments of insurance companies, law firms | — | Identity Digital[ID 23] | Yes | Yes
.cleaning | Contractors, commercial/home cleaning services, auto detailing/cleaning services | — | Identity Digital[ID 24] | Yes | Yes
.click |  | — | Uniregistry | Yes[18] | Yes
.clinic | Healthcare clinics, medical or healthcare specialists, sports clinics, urgent care clinics | — | Identity Digital[ID 25] | Yes | Yes
.clothing | Online retailers, department stores, designers | — | Identity Digital[ID 26] | Yes | Yes
.cloud | Companies involved in cloud computing | — | Aruba S.p.A. |  | Yes
.club | groups, organizations, assemblies, communities, general | —[32] | .CLUB DOMAINS | Yes[33] | Yes
.coach | Athletic organizations, personal trainers & coaches, business, life, & health coaches, school & community club coaches or tutors, affordable travel, airline, train, car, or other transportation companies | — | Identity Digital | Yes | Yes
.codes | Software and web developers, IT companies, technology R&D companies, coding enthusiasts, coding classes & camps | — | Identity Digital[ID 27] | Yes | Yes
.coffee | Coffee shops, roasters, wholesalers & suppliers, machine & equipment suppliers and stands | — | Identity Digital[ID 28] | Yes | Yes
.college | Educational | — | XYZ.com | Yes | Yes
.community | City guides & community centers, online communities, neighborhood associations, churches, mosques, temples, and other spiritual communities, local writers & bloggers | — | Identity Digital[ID 29] | Yes | Yes
.company | Small, medium, or large businesses, business that want to demonstrate authority in their field, makers, artisans, anyone who sells a niche product | — | Identity Digital[ID 30] | Yes | Yes
.compare |  | Reserved for Gocompare.com Limited | iSelect Ltd[11] |  | Yes
.computer | Computer manufacturers, computer repair services, computer resellers, computer training & education programs, tech companies | — | Identity Digital[ID 31] | Yes | Yes
.condos | Real estate brokers/agents, property (condominium) managers, mortgage companies, condominium/apartment developers, condominium associations | — | Identity Digital[ID 32] | Yes | Yes
.construction | Contractors, commercial/residential architects, wholesale and retail construction suppliers | — | Identity Digital[ID 33] | Yes | Yes
.consulting | Consulting firms, independent consultants, specialty services, businesses that offer expert training | — | Identity Digital[n 1] | Yes | Yes
.contact |  | — | Top Level Spectrum, Inc.[11] |  | Yes
.contractors | Construction-related businesses, contractors, subcontractors, independent contractors with unique skills and expertise, unions or other organizations promoting their people and skills | — | Identity Digital[ID 34] | Yes | Yes
.cooking | sharing recipes | — | Minds + Machines[n 3] | Yes | Yes
.cool | Fashion magazines & blogs, meme aggregators, trend tracking sites, online merchants, fun publications & sites | — | Identity Digital[ID 35] | Yes | Yes
.coop | cooperatives | The .coop TLD is limited to cooperatives as defined by the Rochdale Principles. | DotCooperation | No | Yes
.country | general | — | Minds + Machines[n 3] | Yes | Yes
.coupon | discounts and rebates | — | Amazon Registry Services, Inc.[11] |  | Yes
.coupons | Coupon pages, coupon sites, discount sites, coupon-themed blogs, bargain hunters | — | Identity Digital | Yes | Yes
.courses | education | — | Open Universities Australia Pty Ltd[11] |  | Yes
.cpa | accountants and accounting firms | Restricted to licensed CPAs and CPA firms | American Institute of Certified Public Accountants | Un­known | Yes
.credit | Credit card companies, lenders, credit unions, collection agencies, credit counselors & financial planners | — | Identity Digital[ID 36] | Yes | Yes
.creditcard | Credit card companies, store/retailer credit card sites, credit counselors & financial planners, credit card processing services | — | Identity Digital[ID 37] | Yes | Yes
.cruise | Cruise lines, cruise-related products or services, travel agencies & vacation services, private charter boats | — | Viking River Cruises (Bermuda) Ltd.[11] |  | Yes
.cricket | cricket | — | Global Registry Services Ltd[10] | Un­known | Yes
.cruises | cruise businesses and travel | — | Identity Digital[ID 38] | Yes | Yes
.cyou | For any individual or business that shares the ethical values of diversity, inclusivity, and independence[34] | —  | Shortdot SA[35] |  | Yes

#### D

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Name | Target market  | Restrictions  | Operator/Registry  | IDN | DNSSEC

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.dad | fathers | — | Charleston Road Registry Inc. (Google)[n 2] | Un­known | Yes
.dance | Dance studios & instructors, nightclubs & music venues, dance teams & troupes, dance shoe, clothing & equipment manufacturers, fans of dance & live performances | — | Identity Digital[n 1] | Yes | Yes
.data |  | — | Dish DBS Corporation[11] |  | Yes
.date | online dating | — | Global Registry Services Ltd[10] | Un­known | Yes
.dating | Dating & matchmaker sites, travel sites & city guides, singles meetup groups, traditional “classified” sites, event businesses | — | Identity Digital[ID 39] | Yes | Yes
.day | general | — | Charleston Road Registry Inc. (Google)[n 2] | Un­known | Yes
.deal | sales | — | Amazon Registry Services, Inc.[11] |  | Yes
.deals | Discount sites, bargain hunters, coupon sites, coupon pages. coupon-themed guides, directories and blogs | — | Identity Digital[ID 40] | Yes | Yes
.degree | Brick-and-mortar schools & universities, online universities, other learning courses, other educational resources | — | Identity Digital[n 1] | Yes | Yes
.delivery | Consumer delivery services, commercial shipping services, transportation services, messenger services, any business that ships their products | — | Identity Digital[ID 41] | Yes | Yes
.democrat | Political candidates, lobbyists, political parties, fundraising organizations | — | Identity Digital[n 1] | Yes | Yes
.dental | Dentists, endodontists, orthodontists, retailers selling oral health supplies, wholesale suppliers for dental care | — | Identity Digital[ID 42] | Yes | Yes
.dentist | Dentists, endodontists, orthodontists, retailers selling oral health supplies, wholesale suppliers for dental care | — | Identity Digital[n 1] | Yes | Yes
.design | graphic art and fashion | — | Top Level Design | Yes | Yes
.dev | software development | — | Charleston Road Registry Inc. (Google) | Un­known | Yes
.diamonds | Jewelers, diamond wholesalers and retailers, jewelry appraisers and buyers, pawn shops | — | Identity Digital[ID 43] | Yes | Yes
.diet | dieting and dietary  | — | Uniregistry | Yes[18] | Yes
.digital | Advertising/Marketing/PR/Design agencies, media buying/production companies (digital & traditional), online event, meetup & gaming sites, technology companies, e-commerce sites | — | Identity Digital[ID 44] | Yes | Yes
.direct | Direct-to-consumer stores, bargain hunters, transportation services, messenger services, delivery & shipping services | — | Identity Digital[ID 45] | Yes | Yes
.directory | Listings organizations, name, phone & address directories, online business directories, clubs, groups, & other organizations directories | — | Identity Digital[ID 46] | Yes | Yes
.discount | Discount sites, bargain hunters, coupon sites, coupon pages, coupon-themed blogs | — | Identity Digital[ID 47] | Yes | Yes
.diy | do-it-yourself | — | Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc.[11] |  | Yes
.docs | Technical Documentation | — | Charleston Road Registry Inc. (Google)[11] |  | Yes
.doctor | Doctors, any business with “doctor” in the name, other health care providers, PhD experts in any field | — | Identity Digital | Yes | Yes
.dog | Dog breeders, dog walking, grooming & sitting businesses, veterinarians, animal shelters & adoption centers, pet stores & suppliers | — | Identity Digital | Yes | Yes
.domains | Any web-based service, network consultants, domain brokers, resellers and registrars, home-related products and services | — | Identity Digital[ID 48] | Yes | Yes
.dot |  | — | Dish DBS Corporation[11] |  | Yes
.download | technology | — | Global Registry Services Ltd[10] | Un­known | Yes
.drive |  | Reserved for Google Drive | Charleston Road Registry Inc. (Google)[11] |  | Yes

#### E

[edit]

Name | Target market  | Restrictions  | Operator/Registry  | IDN | DNSSEC

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.earth | Individuals or businesses with a worldwide focus | — | Interlink Co., Ltd.[11] |  | Yes
.eat | restaurants and foodies | — | Charleston Road Registry Inc. (Google)[n 2] | Un­known | Yes
.eco | Sustainability minded companies, non-profits and professionals.[36] | Open to anyone pledging a commitment to sustainability action.[37] | Big Room Inc.[38] | No | Yes
.education | Colleges & universities, public schools, PTAs & other school groups, education research organizations, any organization focused on educating its audience | — | Identity Digital[ID 49] | Yes | Yes
.email | Advertising/Marketing/PR/Design agencies, email marketing experts, CRM and marketing technology specialists, anyone who wants a memorable email address | — | Identity Digital[ID 50] | Yes | Yes
.energy | Electrical, mechanical, chemical, nuclear & thermal energy producers, solar, wind, hydro, bio & other sustainable alternative energy producers, battery manufacturers & oil industry R&D, energy conservation organizations, energy food & drink manufacturers | — | Identity Digital[ID 51] | Yes | Yes
.engineer | Computer and software engineering companies, civil, electrical, mechanical, and architectural engineering companies, environmental, chemical, geotechnical, and bio engineering companies, engineer training or educational institutions, railroad engineers | — | Identity Digital[n 1] | Yes | Yes
.engineering | Computer and software engineering companies, civil, electrical, mechanical, and architectural engineering companies, environmental, chemical, geotechnical, and bio engineering companies, engineer training or educational institutions, railroad engineers | — | Identity Digital[ID 52] | Yes | Yes
.edeka | edeka firms | — | EDEKA Verband kaufmännischer Genossenschaften e.V. | Yes | Yes
.entertainment  | Ticket outlets, travel sites & local tourist sites, performance halls, theaters, & music venues, anyone in the entertainment industry, celebrity news sites  | —  | Identity Digital | Yes |
.enterprises | Entrepreneurs, startups, parent & holding companies, enterprise SaaS solutions & tech services | — | Identity Digital[ID 53] | Yes | Yes
.equipment | Home improvement stores, construction equipment rentals, construction equipment sales, sporting goods stores | — | Identity Digital[ID 54] | Yes | Yes
.esq | lawyers, law firms, legal professionals | To be restricted to verified lawyers and attorneys[39] | Charleston Road Registry Inc. (Google)[n 2] | Un­known | Yes
.estate | Estate sale management & appraisal services, estate planners & lawyers, real estate agents & brokers | — | Identity Digital[ID 55] | Yes | Yes
.events | Event planners, sports & gaming agencies/sites, ticket sale/resale sites, city guides & community centers, performance halls, music clubs/bars | — | Identity Digital[ID 56] | Yes | Yes
.exchange | Foreign currency exchanges, stock brokers, investment fund traders, ETF distributors, brokers, & dealers | — | Identity Digital[ID 57] | Yes | Yes
.expert | Home services providers, online review sites, skilled worker databases, freelancers, consultants, & subject matter experts | — | Identity Digital[ID 58] | Yes | Yes
.exposed | Tabloid sites, celebrity romance blog, TV spoiler sites, sites that host leaked documents, investigative journalism sites | — | Identity Digital[ID 59] | Yes | Yes
.express | Transportation services, messenger services, delivery & shipping services, direct-to-consumer stores | — | Identity Digital | Yes | Yes

#### F

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Name | Target market  | Restrictions  | Operator/Registry  | IDN | DNSSEC

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.fail | Online meme aggregators, humor websites, video sites  | — | Identity Digital[ID 60] | Yes | Yes
.faith | religion and churches | — | Global Registry Services Ltd[10] | Un­known | Yes
.family | Family-focused travel sites, blogs about family-friendly activities & games, family history sites, photo sites, obstetricians & family practice doctors | — | Identity Digital | Yes | Yes
.fan | Fan sites, current events & gossip sites, sport blogs and forums, personal & business sites about niche topics | — | Identity Digital | Yes | Yes
.fans | general | — | ZDNS International Limited | Un­known | Yes
.farm | Real estate brokers/agents, farming services & equipment dealers, farmers & ranchers, property managers, health food distributors, cryptocurrency farmers | — | Identity Digital[ID 61] | Yes | Yes
.fashion | clothing industry | — | Minds + Machines[n 3] | Yes | Yes
.fast |  | Reserved for Amazon | Amazon Registry Services, Inc.[11] |  | Yes
.feedback | feedback and reviews | — | Top Level Spectrum | Un­known | Yes
.fiat  |  | Reserved for Stellantis (previously Fiat Chrysler Automobiles and Fiat S.p.A.)  | Stellantis N.V. | Un­known |
.film | films | — | Motion Picture Domain Registry Pty Ltd[11] |  | Yes
.final | final versions of anything | — | Núcleo de Informação e Coordenação do Ponto BR - NIC.br[11] |  | Yes
.finance | Investment services, banks & financial institutes, credit counselors & financial planners, accounting firms, lenders | — | Identity Digital[ID 62] | Yes | Yes
.financial | Investment services, banks & financial institutions, credit counselors & financial planners, accounting firms, lenders | — | Identity Digital[ID 63] | Yes | Yes
.fire |  | Reserved for Amazon (promotion of Fire devices) | Amazon Registry Services, Inc.[11] |  | Yes
.fish | Seafood markets, restaurants & suppliers, sport fishing & fly fishing enthusiasts, fishing gear, tackle, & product manufacturers, travel outfitters & fishing guide companies, aquariums, pet & fish supply stores, marine biology programs & conservation organizations | — | Identity Digital[ID 64] | Yes | Yes
.fishing | fishing businesses, sports, and interests | — | Minds + Machines[n 3] | Yes | Yes
.fit | Fitness and exercise | — | Minds + Machines[n 3] | Un­known | Yes
.fitness | Gyms, athletic clubs & family health organizations, personal trainers, weight loss, health & wellness clinics, health & exercise blogs, fitness competition & events companies | — | Identity Digital[ID 65] | Yes | Yes
.flights | Airline-related products or services, helicopter rides, skydiving, & hang gliding, travel agencies & travel services, private pilots, airport transportation | — | Identity Digital[ID 66] | Yes | Yes
.florist | Florists, flower delivery services, floral designers, flower seed suppliers | — | Identity Digital[ID 67] | Yes | Yes
.flowers | florists and gardens | — | Uniregistry | Yes | Yes
.fly | travel | To be restricted to verified airlines, travel agencies and travel resellers[40] | Charleston Road Registry Inc. (Google)[n 2] | Un­known | Yes
.foo | programming and development | —[41] | Charleston Road Registry Inc. (Google)[n 2] | Yes | Yes
.food |  | — | Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc.[11] |  | Yes
.foodnetwork |  | Reserved for Food Network | Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc.[11] |  |
.football | Professional & amateur football & soccer teams, football clothing, gear & fan merchandise, football equipment manufacturers, football coaches & players | — | Identity Digital | Yes | Yes
.forsale | Individual real estate brokers and brokerages, wholesalers and retailers across many product categories, discount, flash sale and deal websites, auction sites and individuals selling items they no longer need | — | Identity Digital[n 1] | Yes | Yes
.forum | forums | — | Fegistry, LLC[11] | Arabic[12] | Yes
.foundation | Charitable organizations, public school foundations, other philanthropic organizations & foundations | — | Identity Digital[ID 68] | Yes | Yes
.free | sales | — | Amazon Registry Services, Inc.[11] |  | Yes
.frontdoor |  | Reserved for HGTV | Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc.[11] |  |
.fun |  | — | Radix Registry | Yes | Yes
.fund | Investment services, banks & financial institutions, credit counselors & financial planners, lenders | — | Identity Digital[ID 69] | Yes | Yes
.furniture | Home décor and furnishing stores, department stores, home designers, vintage stores, antique dealers | — | Identity Digital[ID 70] | Yes | Yes
.fyi | "for your information" | — | Identity Digital | Yes | Yes

#### G

[edit]

Name | Target market  | Restrictions  | Operator/Registry  | IDN | DNSSEC

|
|
|
|
|

.gallery | Galleries, professional photographers, camera and equipment retailers, photo studios & photography schools, wedding and specialty photographers, anyone who wants to share photos online | — | Identity Digital[ID 71] | Yes | Yes
.game | gaming | — | XYZ.COM LLC[42] | Yes | Yes
.games | Gaming sites, forums & reviews, online or brick & mortar game stores/clubs, sports events, clubs—professional & recreational, casinos | — | Identity Digital | Yes | Yes
.garden | gardening | — | Minds + Machines[n 3] | Yes | Yes
.gay | Individuals in the lgbt community and/ or supportive organisations and people | — | Top Level Design[ID 72] | Yes | Yes

[43]

.gdn | general | — | GDN Registry | Yes[44] | Yes
.gift | gift-giving | — | Uniregistry | Yes[18] | Yes
.gifts | Gift buyers, discount sites, corporate HR departments, bargain hunters | — | Identity Digital[ID 73] | Yes | Yes
.gives | Philanthropic organizations and foundations, charities, nonprofits, corporate giving initiatives, volunteer organizations | — | Identity Digital[n 1] | Yes | Yes
.glass | Glass & glass repair shops, glass departments within home supply stores, contractors, windshield repair & auto glass businesses, DIYers/artists | — | Identity Digital[ID 74] | Yes | Yes
.gle | Google abbreviations | In use for some URL abbreviations related to Google such as forms.gle and goo.gle. | Charleston Road Registry Inc. (Google)[45] | Un­known | Yes
.global | general, companies or individuals with a global focus or presence | — | Dot GLOBAL | Yes | Yes
.gmbh | German limited liability companies | — | Binky Moon, LLC |  | Yes
.gold | Jewelers, gold traders and dealers, coin sellers and traders, trophy and awards shops | — | Identity Digital | Yes | Yes
.golf | Professional & amateur golf organizations, golf courses, equipment suppliers & manufacturers, golf travel & event companies, golf players, enthusiasts & spectators, sports networks | — | Identity Digital | Yes | Yes
.google | Google | In use for some websites related to Google such as blog.google. | Charleston Road Registry Inc. (Google). | Un­known | Yes
.gop | Republican Party politics | — | Republican State Leadership Committee | Spanish[46] | Yes
.graphics | Web design firms, freelance designers, graphic artists | — | Identity Digital[ID 75] | Yes | Yes
.green | the environmentally-focused | "As a Registrant you may not ... use a .green name or its content in a way that negatively affects the mission, purpose of the .green TLD, or its brand."[47] | Identity Digital | Un­known | Yes
.gripe | Online complaint sites, online forums, customer service providers, feedback sites, blogs about scams | — | Identity Digital[ID 76] | Yes | Yes
.grocery |  | Reserved for Walmart | Wal-Mart Stores, Inc.[11] |  | Yes
.group | Groups based on hobbies or interests (running, crafts, gaming), group-based businesses (medical practices, law firms, financial advisors), professional associations, support groups | — | Identity Digital | Yes | Yes
.guide | City resource sites for locals and travelers, travel writers & bloggers, local reviews websites, tourist attractions & guides, outdoor adventure companies | — | Identity Digital[ID 77] | Yes | Yes
.guitars | Guitars | — | Uniregistry | Yes[18] | Yes
.guru | Mindfulness & yoga practices, spiritual leadership sites, any training program, work-for-hire sites, freelancers, consultants, & subject matter experts | — | Identity Digital[ID 78] | Yes[48] | Yes

#### H

[edit]

Name | Target market  | Restrictions  | Operator/Registry  | IDN | DNSSEC

|
|
|
|
|

.hair | haircare products and services | — | XYZ.com[11] |  | Yes
.hangout |  | Reserved for Google Hangouts | Charleston Road Registry Inc. (Google)[11] |  | Yes
.hamburg | Companies, organizations and private individuals with a connection to the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg | Unrestricted for inhabitants of Hamburg | Hamburg Top-Level-Domain GmbH |  | Yes
.haus | German housing and real estate | — | Identity Digital |  | Yes
.health | health and related topics  | — | DotHealth, LLC[11] |  | Yes
.healthcare | Primary/secondary care physicians, hospitals & clinics, healthcare insurance providers & brokers, company HR/benefits departments | — | Identity Digital[ID 79] | Yes | Yes
.help | help sites | — | Uniregistry | Yes[18] | Yes
.here | generic geographic | — | Charleston Road Registry Inc. (Google)[n 2] | Un­known | Yes
.hiphop | Hip hop culture | — | Dot Hip Hop, LLC | Yes[49] | Yes
.hiv | AIDS and HIV awareness | — | dotHIV | Un­known | Yes
.hockey | Sports media, sporting goods stores & hockey equipment suppliers, professional, minor league & amateur hockey teams, hockey fans, fantasy leagues, sponsors, coaches & referees | — | Identity Digital | Yes | Yes
.holdings | Holding companies, private equity firms, real estate developers | — | Identity Digital[ID 80] | Yes | Yes
.holiday | Airline-related products or services, travel agencies, resources & services, travel writers & bloggers, city guides & resource sites, hotels, hostels, B&Bs, lodging | — | Identity Digital[ID 81] | Yes | Yes
.homegoods |  | Reserved for HomeGoods | The TJX Companies, Inc.[11] |  | Yes
.homes | real estate professionals | — | Dominion Enterprises | Un­known | Yes
.homesense |  | Reserved for HomeSense | The TJX Companies, Inc.[11] |  | Yes
.horse | horse-related businesses and interest | — | Minds + Machines[n 3] | Yes | Yes
.hospital | Hospitals & clinics, healthcare providers, medical, dental, or vision specialists, insurance providers | — | Identity Digital | Yes | Yes
.host | network companies | — | Radix Registry | Un­known | Yes
.hosting |  | — | Uniregistry | Yes[18] | Yes
.hot |  | — | Amazon Registry Services, Inc.[11] |  | Yes
.hotels |  | Reserved for Booking.com | Booking.com B.V.[11] |  | Yes
.house | Real estate brokers/agents, mortgage companies, home builders, construction/home improvement suppliers, home improvement sites & blogs | — | Identity Digital[ID 82] | Yes | Yes
.how | how-to guides | — | Charleston Road Registry Inc. (Google)[n 2] | Un­known | Yes

#### I

[edit]

Name | Target market  | Restrictions  | Operator/Registry  | IDN | DNSSEC

|
|
|
|
|

.ice |  | Reserved for Intercontinental Exchange | IntercontinentalExchange, Inc.[11] |  | Yes
.icu  | entrepreneurs and business owners  | —  | ShortDot SA  |  | Yes
.inc | Corporations  | —  | Intercap Registry Inc.  |  | Yes
.industries | Machine or equipment manufacturers, manufacturers, tech or biotech companies, professional associations, businesses with “industries” in their names | — | Identity Digital[ID 83] | Yes | Yes
.info | information | — | Identity Digital | German[12] | Yes
.ing | Verbal suffix: e.g., "jump.ing" | — | Charleston Road Registry Inc. (Google)[n 2] | Un­known | Yes
.ink | creative printing or tattooing[50] | — | Top Level Design | Yes | Yes
.institute[51] | Educational institutions, training programs, foundations, research organizations, military schools | — | Identity Digital[ID 84] | Yes | Yes
.insurance | insurance companies | — | fTLD Registry Services LLC[11] |  | Yes
.insure | Insurance companies (life, auto, homeowners, renters), insurance divisions of larger companies (car rentals, warranties), insurance brokers & advisors | — | Identity Digital[ID 85] | Yes | Yes
.international | Any organization with an international presence, international consultants, import/export businesses, international travel organizations | — | Identity Digital[ID 86] | Yes | Yes
.investments | Investment services (institutional, private), wealth management services, financial planners, brokerage firms | — | Identity Digital[ID 87] | Yes | Yes
.irish | Airline-related products or services, domestic/International travel agencies, resources & services, travel writers & bloggers, Ireland travel guides & resource sites, seasonal opportunities (St. Patrick's Day)  | —  | Identity Digital | Yes | Yes

#### J

[edit]

Name | Target market  | Restrictions  | Operator/Registry  | IDN | DNSSEC

|
|
|
|
|

.jewelry | Jewelers, jewelry buyers, online retailers, department stores | — | Identity Digital | Yes | Yes
.jobs | Employment | For websites with job opportunities and job listings.[52] | Employ Media | No | Yes
.joy |  | — | Amazon Registry Services, Inc.[11] |  | Yes

#### K

[edit]

Name | Target market  | Restrictions  | Operator/Registry  | IDN | DNSSEC

|
|
|
|
|

.kim | Kim (Korean surname) | — | Identity Digital | Un­known | Yes
.kitchen | Restaurants, cafes, & delis, food stands & mobile vendors, meal services & personal chefs, kitchen supply stores, food blogs & recipe sites | — | Identity Digital[ID 88] | Yes | Yes
.kosher | Kosher food certification and regulations  | —  | OK Kosher Certification |  | Yes
.kpn  | Dutch Telecom Company  | Only available to KPN.  |  |  | Yes

#### L

[edit]

Name | Target market  | Restrictions  | Operator/Registry  | IDN | DNSSEC

|
|
|
|
|

.land | Real estate brokers and agents, residential/commercial land developers, home builders, mortgage companies, traditional “classified” sites | — | Identity Digital[ID 89] | Yes | Yes
.lat | Latin American communities and users | — | ECOM-LAC[11] |  | Yes
.law | practitioners and educators in law | Restricted to qualified lawyers, courts of law, law schools, and legal regulators.[53] | Minds + Machines Group Limited[11] |  | Yes
.lawyer | Independent attorneys and law firms of any size, legal services entities, elected officials and judges, professional organizations, law students | — | Identity Digital[n 1] | Yes | Yes
.lease | Real estate brokers/agents, property managers, condo/apartment developers, real estate law firms | — | Identity Digital[ID 90] | Yes | Yes
.leclerc |  | Reserved for E.Leclerc | A.C.D. LEC Association des Centres Distributeurs Edouard Leclerc |  | Yes
.legal | Attorneys, lawyers & law firms, corporate legal teams, paralegals, legal advocates, committees, associations and interest groups associated with the law | — | Identity Digital | Yes | Yes
.lgbt | the lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender community | — | Identity Digital | Un­known | Yes
.life | Wellness and health experts, charities, coaches & personal development enthusiasts, lifestyle bloggers, anyone who wants to share personal stories | — | Identity Digital[ID 91] | Yes | Yes
.lifeinsurance | life insurance | — | American Council of Life Insurers[11] |  | Yes
.lighting | Lighting & lighting repair shops, lighting departments within home supply stores, contractors, commercial/residential architects, DIYers | — | Identity Digital[ID 92] | Yes | Yes
.like |  | — | Amazon Registry Services, Inc.[11] |  | Yes
.limited | Private companies, limited by shares, limited companies, businesses with “limited” or “LTD” in their names, specialty products and services, businesses that sell limited-quantity products | — | Identity Digital[ID 93][54] | Yes | Yes
.limo | Airline & travel-related products or services, city guides & tourist attractions, transportation businesses, hotels, lodging, weddings, party and occasion-related services | — | Identity Digital[ID 94] | Yes | Yes
.link | connecting to information[55] | — | Uniregistry | Yes[18] | Yes
.live | Live streaming sites, entertainment/music venues, news sites/blogs, ticket sale/resale sites, video production companies | — | Identity Digital | Yes | Yes
.living |  | — | Internet Naming Co.[56] |  | Yes
.loan | banks and lenders | — | Global Registry Services Ltd[10] | Un­known | Yes
.loans | Mortgage companies, personal loan agencies, auto loan agencies & car dealerships, credit consolidation services | — | Identity Digital[ID 95] | Yes | Yes
.locker |  | Reserved for DISH DBS Corporation | Dish DBS Corporation[11] |  | Yes
.lol | LOL: laughing out loud (humorous or comedic content) | — | Uniregistry[57] | Un­known | Yes
.lotto | lottery | — | Identity Digital | Un­known | Yes
.love | dating sites | — |  | Un­known | Yes
.ltd | Private companies, limited by shares, limited companies, businesses with “limited” or “LTD” in their names, specialty products and services, businesses that sell limited-quantity products  | — | Identity Digital | Yes | Yes
.luxury | businesses catering to the wealthy | — | Luxury Partners | Yes | Yes

#### M

[edit]

Name | Target market  | Restrictions  | Operator/Registry  | IDN | DNSSEC

|
|
|
|
|

.makeup |  | — | XYZ.com[11] |  | Yes
.management | Property managers, wealth management firms, money management, systems & network managers, leadership teams | — | Identity Digital[ID 96] | Yes | Yes
.map | maps and navigation | — | Charleston Road Registry Inc. (Google)[11] | No | Yes
.market | Online retailers, independent or chain grocery stores, buyer and seller communities, discount sites & coupon sites | — | Identity Digital[n 1] | Yes | Yes
.marketing | Advertising/Marketing/PR/Design agencies, media buying/production companies (digital & traditional), staffing agencies, marketing consultants | — | Identity Digital[ID 97] | Yes | Yes
.markets |  | — | Donuts[ID 98] | Un­known | Yes
.mba | Colleges, universities, & graduate programs, online educational sites, job search sites, MBA candidates | — | Identity Digital | Yes | Yes
.med | medicine and related topics | — | Medistry LLC[11] |  | Yes
.media | Advertising/Marketing/PR/Design agencies, media buying/production companies (digital & traditional), news outlets, media bloggers, celebrity publications, digital publishers & graphic designers | — | Identity Digital[ID 99] | Yes | Yes
.meet | social gatherings, meeting new people | — | Identity Digital | Un­known | Yes
.meme | Internet memes | — | Charleston Road Registry Inc. (Google)[n 2] | Un­known | Yes
.memorial | News site obituaries, personal tribute sites, floral & funeral arrangement companies | — | Identity Digital | Yes | Yes
.men | men | — | Global Registry Services Ltd[10] | Un­known | Yes
.menu | restaurants | — | Wedding TLD2 | Yes | Yes
.mint |  | Reserved for Intuit Mint | Intuit Administrative Services, Inc.[11] |  | Yes
.mobi | mobile devices | Must be used for mobile-compatible sites in accordance with standards. | Identity Digital | Yes | Yes
.mobile |  | — | Dish DBS Corporation[11] |  | Yes
.mobily |  | Reserved for Mobily | GreenTech Consultancy Company W.L.L.[11] |  |
.moda | For people and organizations interested and engaged in the world of fashion and style.[58] | — | Identity Digital[ID 100] | Yes | Yes
.moe | Japanese otaku culture; see moe (slang) | — | Interlink | Yes | Yes
.mom | mothers | — | Uniregistry, Corp.[11] |  | Yes
.money | Lenders, financial services businesses, money blogs & news sites, investment bankers & brokers, financial planners & experts | — | Identity Digital | Yes | Yes
.monster |  | — | XYZ.com | Yes | Yes
.mortgage | Mortgage brokers, real estate brokers/agents, home buyers, traditional “classified” sites | — | Identity Digital[n 1] | Yes | Yes
.motorcycles | motorcycles | — | DERMotorcycles | Un­known | Yes
.mov | digital video | — | Charleston Road Registry Inc. (Google)[n 2] | Un­known | Yes
.movie | Streaming movie services, movie studios & distributors, movie theaters & entertainment outlets, ticket sale/resale sites, movie review sites | — | Identity Digital | Yes | Yes
.museum | museums | Must be verified as a legitimate museum. | Museum Domain Management Association | Latin script[12] | Yes
.music | Music dissemination and appreciation  | —  | DotMusic Limited[59] |  | Yes

#### N

[edit]

Name | Target market  | Restrictions  | Operator/Registry  | IDN | DNSSEC

|
|
|
|
|

.name | individuals, by name | Open TLD; any person or entity is permitted to register; however, registrations may be challenged later if they are not by individuals (or the owners of fictional characters) in accordance with the domain's charter. | Verisign | Yes[12] | Yes
.navy | Naval training schools, navy supply stores, military recruiters, credit unions, navy members and veterans | — | Identity Digital[n 1] | Yes | Yes
.network | IT professionals, tech consultants, career sites, industry-specific professional groups, social networks | — | Identity Digital[ID 101] | Yes | Yes
.new | Websites where people can create something | The second-level domain name must be the thing to be created immediately when a user visits the .new website. Most likely, the .new will redirect to a company's main website. | Charleston Road Registry Inc. (Google)[n 2] | Un­known | Yes
.news | News organizations, educational publications, trade publications, neighborhood news blogs | — |  | Un­known | Yes
.nexus |  | — | Charleston Road Registry Inc. (Google)[n 2] | Un­known | Yes
.ngo | Non-governmental organizations. | Restricted to validated NGOs, as determined by PIR.[60] | Public Interest Registry | Un­known | Yes
.ninja | Sites promoting specialized skills, repair services (auto, appliance, etc.), gaming sites, martial arts organizations  | — | Identity Digital[n 1] | Yes | Yes
.now |  | — | Amazon Registry Services, Inc.[11] |  | Yes
.ntt |  | Restricted to use by NTT Japan.[61] | Nippon Telegraph And Telephone Corporation.[11] | Yes | Yes

#### O

[edit]

Name | Target market  | Restrictions  | Operator/Registry  | IDN | DNSSEC

|
|
|
|
|

.observer |  | — | Donuts[ID 98] |  | Yes
.org | general | — | Public Interest Registry |  | Yes
.one | general | — | One Registry | Un­known | Yes
.ong | Non-governmental organizations. | Restricted to validated NGOs, as determined by PIR.[60] | Public Interest Registry | Un­known | Yes
.onl | generic | — | I-REGISTRY | Un­known | Yes
.online | generic | — | Radix Registry | Un­known | Yes
.ooo | general | — | Infibeam | Yes | Yes
.open | private to the "Registry Operator and its qualified Affiliates and Trademark Licensees"[62] | — | American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc.[11] |  | Yes
.organic | organic gardeners, farmers, foods, etc. | Registrants must be verified as a member of the organic community.[63] | Identity Digital | Un­known | Yes
.origins |  | Reserved for Origins | The Estée Lauder Companies Inc.[11] |  | Yes

#### P

[edit]

Name | Target market  | Restrictions  | Operator/Registry  | IDN | DNSSEC

|
|
|
|
|

.page |  | —  | Charleston Road Registry Inc. (Google)[11] |  | Yes
.partners | Law firms, real estate agencies, investment firms, accounting firms, nonprofit organizations | — | Identity Digital[ID 102] | Yes | Yes
.parts | Appliance wholesalers & service, tool rentals & service businesses, auto/boat/heavy equipment businesses | — | Identity Digital[ID 103] | Yes | Yes
.party | nightclubs and social gatherings or political parties | — | Global Registry Services Ltd[10] | Un­known | Yes
.pay | electronic payments | — | Amazon Registry Services, Inc.[11] |  | Yes
.pet | animals and pets | — | Identity Digital[11] |  | Yes
.pharmacy | pharmacies | "All registrants within the .pharmacy gTLD are vetted prior to registration to confirm that they meet all applicable regulatory standards, including pharmacy licensure and valid prescription requirements, in the jurisdictions where they are based and where they serve patients."[64] | National Association of Boards of Pharmacy | Un­known | Yes
.phone | telephone-related businesses | — | Dish DBS Corporation[11] |  | Yes
.photo | photography and photo-sharing | — | Registry Services, LLC[65] | Yes[18] | Yes
.photography | Professional photographers, camera and equipment retailers, photo studios & photography schools, wedding and specialty photographers, anyone who wants to share photos online | — | Identity Digital[ID 104] | Yes | Yes
.photos | Professional photographers, camera and equipment retailers, photo studios & photography schools, wedding and specialty photographers, anyone who wants to share photos online | — | Identity Digital[ID 105] | Yes | Yes
.physio | physical therapists | Must be eligible for membership within an association that is a member of the World Confederation for Physical Therapy, have proper training as a physical therapist outside WCPT's reach, or otherwise supports physical therapy.[66][67] | PhysBiz | Un­known | Yes
.pics | photography and photo-sharing | — | Uniregistry | Yes[18] | Yes
.pictures | Professional photographers, camera and equipment retailers, photo studios & photography schools, wedding and specialty photographers, anyone who wants to share photos online | — | Identity Digital[ID 106] | Yes | Yes
.pid | personal identification | — | Top Level Spectrum | Un­known | Yes
.pin |  | — | Amazon Registry Services, Inc.[11] |  | Yes
.pink | those who like the color pink | — | Identity Digital | Yes | Yes
.pizza | Pizzerias, take & bake pizza shops, Italian or Greek restaurants, pizza brands found in grocery stores | — | Identity Digital[ID 107] | Yes | Yes
.place | Airline-related products or services, travel agencies, resources & services, travel writers & bloggers, tourist attractions, hotels, hostels, B&Bs, lodging | — | Identity Digital[ID 108] | Yes | Yes
.plumbing | Plumbers & plumbing repair businesses, plumbing departments within home supply stores, contractors/subcontractors, DIYers | — | Identity Digital[ID 109] | Yes | Yes
.plus | Consumer commodity stores & sites, clothing (plus, big & tall), service-based businesses, any entity wanting to show their competitive advantage | — | Identity Digital | Yes | Yes
.poker | Poker players and sites | — | Identity Digital[ID 110] | Un­known | Yes
.porn | adult entertainment (pornography) | For sites providing sexually explicit content, such as pornography. | Identity Digital | Yes | Yes
.post | postal services | The .post TLD is restricted to Postal Administrations as defined in the Universal Postal Union constitution, and their large customers who wish to provide "Trusted Postal Services".[68] | Universal Postal Union | No[69] | Yes
.press | publishing and journalism | — | Radix Registry | Un­known | Yes
.prime |  | Reserved for Amazon Prime | Amazon Registry Services, Inc.[11] |  | Yes
.pro | professions/professionals | — | Identity Digital[70] | No | Yes
.productions | Advertising/Marketing/PR/Design agencies, media buying/production companies (digital & traditional), video production services, anyone in the film industry | — | Identity Digital[ID 111] | Yes | Yes
.prof | Professors, teachers and learning | — | Charleston Road Registry Inc. (Google)[n 2] | Un­known | Yes
.promo | advertising | — | Identity Digital[11] |  | Yes
.properties | Real estate brokers/agents, residential/Commercial land developers, property (condo/apartment) managers, home builders, mortgage companies | — | Identity Digital[ID 112] | Yes | Yes
.property | real estate | — | Uniregistry | Yes[18] | Yes
.protection | security  | — | XYZ.COM LLC[11] |  | Yes
.pub | Pubs, bars & nightclubs, burger joints, breweries & taphouses, beer distributors, restaurant & bar suppliers

publications

| — | Identity Digital[n 1] | Yes | Yes

#### Q

[edit]

Name | Target market  | Restrictions  | Operator/Registry  | IDN | DNSSEC

|
|
|
|
|

.qpon | coupons | — | DOTQPON LLC.[71] | Un­known | Yes
.quebec | People and businesses in Quebec | — | PointQuébec Inc[72] | Un­known | Yes

#### R

[edit]

Name | Target market  | Restrictions  | Operator/Registry  | IDN | DNSSEC

|
|
|
|
|

.racing | racing | — | Global Registry Services Ltd[10] | Un­known | Yes
.radio | radio stations, amateur radio operators  | — | European Broadcasting Union (EBU)[11] |  | Yes
.read |  | — | Amazon Registry Services, Inc.[11] |  | Yes
.realestate | real estate  | — | dotRealEstate LLC[11] |  | Yes
.realtor | realtors | To be restricted to members of the National Association of Realtors and the Canadian Real Estate Association, and related associations.[73] | Real Estate Domains | Un­known | Yes
.realty | realty and housing | — | Fegistry, LLC[11] |  | Yes
.recipes | Recipe sites, food & beverage grocery brands, health & fitness organizations, cooking enthusiasts, personal/professional chefs | — | Identity Digital[ID 113] | Yes | Yes
.red | those who like the color red[74]
Also Spanish variant of .net
Also likely to be attractive for domain hacks for words that end with '-red'. | — | Identity Digital | Yes | Yes
.rehab | Physical and occupational therapists and professionals, drug, alcohol and gambling addiction counselors, rehabilitation facilities and recovery centers, online health directories, physical or emotional health associations | — | Identity Digital[n 1] | Yes | Yes
.reit | real estate investment trusts | Restricted to REITs, as determined by national law.[75] | National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts | Un­known | Yes
.rent | Real estate professionals and small businesses | — | xyz.xyz | Un­known | Yes
.rentals | Real estate brokers/agents, city guides, college housing centers, & community centers, vehicle, equipment, or entertainment/event rentals, property managers, condo/apartment developers | — | Identity Digital[ID 114] | Yes | Yes
.repair | General or specialty repair shops, construction contractors/subcontractors, DIYers, appliance wholesalers & service, auto/boat businesses | — | Identity Digital[ID 115] | Yes | Yes
.report | News and current events sites, financial reporting sites, financial or business analysts, consumer product reviews, police, school, or other community report listings | — | Identity Digital[ID 116] | Yes | Yes
.republican | Political candidates, lobbyists, political parties, fundraising organizations | — | Identity Digital[n 1] | Yes | Yes
.rest | Restaurants and related industry | — | Punto 2012 | Yes[76] | Yes
.restaurant | Casual eateries, gourmet restaurants, suppliers, chains, review sites, reservation sites & services | — | Identity Digital[ID 117] | Yes | Yes
.review | public reviews | — | Global Registry Services Ltd[10] | Un­known | Yes
.reviews | News media, food publications, travel publications, literary publications, any product & service with online reviews | — | Identity Digital[n 1] | Yes | Yes
.rich | businesses catering to the wealthy | — | I-REGISTRY | Un­known | Yes
.rip | Loved ones seeking to memorialize the deceased, funeral homes and cemeteries, businesses that support the funeral industry, obituary websites[77] | — | Identity Digital[n 1] | Yes | Yes
.rocks | Pop culture sites, niche and fan sites, musicians, gemstone & jewelry companies | — | Identity Digital[n 1] | Yes | Yes
.rodeo | Rodeo interest | — | Minds + Machines[n 3] | Yes | Yes
.room | lodging or room design | — | Amazon Registry Services, Inc.[11] |  | Yes
.rugby | rugby | — | World Rugby Strategic Developments Limited[11] |  | Yes
.run | Runners, running shoe retailers, specialty running gear shops, running event organizers | — | Identity Digital | Yes | Yes

#### S

[edit]

Name | Target market  | Restrictions  | Operator/Registry  | IDN | DNSSEC

|
|
|
|
|

.safe | security and safety | — | Amazon Registry Services, Inc.[11] |  | Yes
.sale | Online and brick-and-mortar retailers and wholesalers, automotive and motorcycle dealers, discount, flash sale, and deal websites, auction sites and individuals selling items they no longer need | — | Identity Digital | Yes | Yes
.salon  | Hair salons, nail salons, beauty product companies, beauty schools  | —  | Identity Digital | Yes | Yes
.save |  | — | Amazon Registry Services, Inc.[11] |  | Yes
.sbi |  | — | State Bank of India |  | Yes
.scholarships | scholarship related | — | Scholarships.com[78][79] | Un­known | Yes
.school | Public schools, private & charter schools, specialty and trade schools, online learning sites, resource sites for teachers | — | Identity Digital[ID 118] | Yes | Yes
.science | science-related sites | — | Global Registry Services Ltd[10] | Un­known | Yes
.search | search engines | — | Charleston Road Registry Inc. (Google)[11] |  | Yes
.secure | security | — | Amazon Registry Services, Inc.[11] |  | Yes
.security |  | — | XYZ.COM LLC[11] |  | Yes
.select |  | — | iSelect Ltd[11] |  | Yes
.services | Service division of any company, home services (cleaning, landscaping, plumbing, pet care), business services (tech support, interior design, translation services), community service organizations | — | Identity Digital[ID 119] | Yes | Yes
.sex | adult entertainment (pornography) | For sites providing sexually explicit content, such as pornography. | ICM Registry | Yes | Yes
.sexy | adult entertainment | — | Uniregistry | Yes[18] | Yes
.shoes | Shoe stores, department stores, online retailers, athletic shoe retailers, discount shoe stores | — | Identity Digital[ID 120] | Yes | Yes
.shop |  | — | GMO Registry, Inc.[11] |  | Yes
.shopping | Online retailers, shopping centers, personal shoppers, discount sites & coupon sites, shopping blogs & product reviews | — | Identity Digital | Yes | Yes
.show | Ticket sale/resale sites, performance halls, music clubs/bars, streaming video services, movie review sites, travel sites & city guides | — | Identity Digital | Yes | Yes
.showtime |  | Reserved for Showtime | CBS Domains Inc.[11] |  |
.silk |  | Reserved for Amazon Silk | Amazon Registry Services, Inc.[11] |  | Yes
.singles | (Tickets) Ticket sale/resale sites, gaming agencies, movie review sites, city guides, sports sites

(Dating) Dating & matchmaker sites, singles meetup groups, traditional “classified” sites, travel sites & city guides

| — | Identity Digital[ID 121] | Yes | Yes
.site | general | — | Radix Registry | Un­known | Yes
.ski | skiing | — | STARTING DOT LIMITED[11] |  | Yes
.skin |  | — | XYZ.com |  | Yes
.sky |  | — | Sky International AG[11] |  | Yes
.sling |  | Reserved for Sling Media | Hughes Satellite Systems Corporation[11] |  | Yes
.smile |  | — | Amazon Registry Services, Inc.[11] |  | Yes
.sncf  |  | Reserved to the SNCF company.  | SNCF |  | Yes
.soccer | Professional & amateur soccer clubs, soccer equipment suppliers & manufacturers, soccer & sports media networks, soccer players, enthusiasts, & spectators, soccer camps, coaches, & training organizations | — | Identity Digital | Yes | Yes
.social | Advertising/Marketing/PR/Design agencies, media buying/production companies (digital & traditional), blogs & forums, event & meetup groups, any person or organization driving awareness of their social presence

(Actual use also includes Fediverse services, such as Mastodon)

| — | Identity Digital[n 1] | Yes | Yes
.software | Software testing, support, & consulting companies, software product developers & manufacturers, software training & educational institutions, software resellers | — | Identity Digital[n 1] | Yes | Yes
.solar | Renewable & sustainable energy producers, solar panel, roof tile, & storage producers, solar cell battery, chargers, lights, speakers, & generator manufacturers, sunglass, shades, UV clothing, sunblock & other solar protection products | — | Identity Digital[ID 122] | Yes | Yes
.solutions | SaaS providers, people who offer do-it-yourself tips and tutorials, consultants, any business focused on providing the right solutions to their customers’ problems. | — | Identity Digital[ID 123] | Yes | Yes
.song |  | — | Amazon Registry Services, Inc.[11] |  | Yes
.spa  | Spas | —  | Asia Spa and Wellness Promotion Council Limited  |  | Yes
.space | as a creative space | — | Radix Registry | Un­known | Yes
.spreadbetting | Spread betting | — | DOTSPREADBETTING REGISTRY LTD[11] |  |
.spot |  | — | Amazon Registry Services, Inc.[11] |  | Yes
.sport | sport institutions  | —  | Global Association of International Sports Federations (GAISF)  |  | Yes
.srl | Spanish/Italian/Romanian/French limited liability companies | — | InterNetX GmbH |  | Yes
.storage | Self storage | — | Self Storage Company LLC[11] |  | Yes
.store | stores | — | Radix Registry | Yes | Yes
.stream | streaming media |  | Global Registry Services Ltd[10] |  | Yes
.studio | Advertising/Marketing/PR/Design agencies, creative freelancers, other creative agencies (i.e., animation, production), dance, yoga, or fitness studios | — | Identity Digital[n 1] | Yes | Yes
.study | education | — | OPEN UNIVERSITIES AUSTRALIA PTY LTD[11] |  | Yes
.style | Fashion bloggers, department stores, designers, online retailers | — | Identity Digital | Yes | Yes
.sucks | gripe sites | — | Vox Populi | Un­known | Yes
.supplies | Contractors, distribution companies, appliance wholesalers & service, auto/boat/heavy equipment businesses, home services retailers | — | Identity Digital[ID 124] | Yes | Yes
.supply | Contractors, distribution companies, appliance wholesalers & service, auto/boat/heavy equipment businesses | — | Identity Digital[ID 125] | Yes | Yes
.support | IT/Tech support services, social services, customer service & support departments, independent consultants & consulting firms, staffing services | — | Identity Digital[ID 126] | Yes[80] | Yes
.surf | surfing | — | Minds + Machines[n 3] | Un­known | Yes
.surgery | Surgeons, primary/secondary care physicians, hospitals & clinics, healthcare providers, insurance providers | — | Identity Digital[ID 127] | Yes | Yes
.systems | IT businesses, other tech-focused businesses, businesses that sell electronics or home security systems, organizational consultants | — | Identity Digital[ID 128] | Yes | Yes

#### T

[edit]

Name | Target market  | Restrictions  | Operator/Registry  | IDN | DNSSEC

|
|
|
|
|

.talk |  | — | Amazon Registry Services, Inc.[11] |  | Yes
.tattoo | tattoo aficionados | — | Uniregistry | Yes[18] | Yes
.tax | Accounting & bookkeeping firms, tax advisors, auditors, financial experts & advisors | — | Identity Digital | Yes | Yes
.taxi | Airline & travel-related products or services, city guides & tourist attractions, transportation businesses, hotels, hostels, B&Bs, lodging, tourist attractions | — | Identity Digital | Yes | Yes
.team | Professional & amateur sports teams, sports equipment suppliers & manufacturers, sports media, athletes & fans, clubs, online communities & business organizations | — | Identity Digital | Yes | Yes
.tech | technology | — | Radix Registry | Yes | Yes
.technology | Tech-focused businesses & tech startups, businesses that sell to tech companies, developers, coders, programmers, computer retailers, technology blogs, news sites, & review sites, hardware & software companies, R&D companies, tech product manufacturers | — | Identity Digital | Yes | Yes
.tel | internet communication services | A contact directory housing all types of contact information directly in the Domain Name System. |  | Yes[81] | Yes
.tennis | Tennis courts, clubs & other venues, tennis equipment suppliers and retailers, professional & amateur tennis players, sports media | — | Identity Digital | Yes | Yes
.theater | Entertainment & movie theater outlets, live performance theaters, professional performer associations, movie review sites, travel sites & city guides | — | Identity Digital | Yes | Yes
.theatre | theatre | — | XYZ.COM LLC[11] |  | Yes
.tickets | ticket resale | — | XYZ.COM LLC[11] |  | Yes
.tips | Travel, hotel & hospitality companies, cooking & recipe publications, parenting & and relationship publications, manufacturers of any product with assembly instructions, publications that provide advice on gratuity practices around the world | — | Identity Digital | Yes | Yes
.tires | Tire wholesalers, tire retailers, auto repair shops | — | Identity Digital | Yes | Yes
.today | News & current event sites, websites that publish daily content, daily inspiration sites, sites with daily rotating deals or offers, anyone who wants to spur immediate action | — | Identity Digital | Yes | Yes
.tools | Tool shops, tool departments within home supply stores, contractors, subcontractors, construction-related businesses | — | Identity Digital | Yes | Yes
.top | general | — | Jiangsu Bangning | Un­known | Yes
.tours | Airline-related products or services, travel agencies, resources & services, tourist attractions, outdoor adventure companies, private plane/helicopter tours & services | — | Identity Digital | Yes | Yes
.town | Travel agencies, resources & services, local business associations, city guides & resource sites, transportation businesses, hotels, hostels, B&Bs, lodging | — | Identity Digital | Yes | Yes
.toys | Toy stores, online retailers, department stores, game companies, sporting goods companies | — | Identity Digital | Yes | Yes
.trade | businesses | — | Global Registry Services Ltd[10] | Yes | Yes
.trading |  | — | DOTTRADING REGISTRY LTD[11] |  | Yes
.training | Personal trainers & nutrition coaches, gyms and fitness centers, sports medicine practitioners, business that sell sports gear or apparel, or fan merchandise, animal trainers, career or vocational training centers | — | Identity Digital | Yes | Yes
.travel | Airline-related products or services, travel agencies, resources, bloggers & services, city guides & tourist attractions, transportation businesses, destination resorts, hotels, hostels, B&Bs, lodging, any other travel or transportation business | Must be verified as a legitimate travel-related entity. |  | No | Yes
.travelersinsurance |  | Reserved for Travelers Insurance | Travelers TLD, LLC[11] |  | Yes
.trust |  | — | UNR Corp.[11] |  | Yes
.tube |  | — | Latin American Telecom LLC[11] |  | Yes
.tunes |  | — | Amazon Registry Services, Inc.[11] |  | Yes

#### U

[edit]

Name | Target market  | Restrictions  | Operator/Registry  | IDN | DNSSEC

|
|
|
|
|

.uconnect |  | — | Not assigned[11][82] |  |
.university | Online universities, brick-and-mortar universities, university-related clubs & organizations | — | Identity Digital | Yes | Yes
.uno | general, Spanish and Italian speakers, Uno (card game) | — |  |  | Yes

#### V

[edit]

Name | Target market  | Restrictions  | Operator/Registry  | IDN | DNSSEC

|
|
|
|
|

.vacations | Airline-related products or services, travel agencies, resources, bloggers & services, city guides & tourist attractions, transportation businesses, destination resorts, hotels, hostels, B&Bs, lodging | — | Identity Digital | Yes | Yes
.ventures | Venture capital investment firms, business financial services, business consultants, programs & services for entrepreneurs | — | Identity Digital | Yes | Yes
.vet | Veterinarians, veterinary clinics and hospitals, wholesale suppliers for veterinary supplies | — | Identity Digital | Yes | Yes
.video | Video production & media companies, videographers, video editors, script writers, & producers, streaming video sites services, creative agencies | — | Identity Digital | Yes | Yes
.villas | International real estate brokers/agents, international travel agencies, resources & services, travel writers & bloggers, traditional “classified” sites | — | Identity Digital | Yes | Yes
.vin  | Wineries, wine shops & wine bars, wine distributors, wine clubs & online retailers, wine review sites and apps  | —  | Identity Digital | Yes | Yes
.vip | Very important persons | — | Minds + Machines Group Limited[11] |  | Yes
.vision | Opticians & optometry clinics, healthcare providers, insurance provider, glasses retailers, online and brick & mortar | — | Identity Digital | Yes | Yes
.vodka | vodka-related businesses and interest | — |  | Yes | Yes
.volvo |  | Only Volvo Holding Sverige Aktiebolag and its Affiliates are eligible to register a Domain Name under the .volvo Domain [83] | AB Volvo | Un­known | Yes
.vote | democratic elections and campaign websites | Must use the domain in connection with a "clearly identified political/democratic process."[84] | Identity Digital | Un­known | Yes
.voting | polling sites | — |  | Latin and Cyrillic scripts[12] | Yes
.voyage | Airline-related products or services, travel agencies, resources, bloggers & services, city guides & tourist attractions, transportation businesses, hotels, hostels, B&Bs, lodging | — | Identity Digital | Yes | Yes

#### W

[edit]

Name | Target market  | Restrictions  | Operator/Registry  | IDN | DNSSEC

|
|
|
|
|

.wang | general
Wǎng is a Chinese Mandarin pinyin rendering of 网 (traditional 網) meaning "web" or "portal".[85]
Wang is also a common surname in mainland China. | — | Zodiac Registry | Yes[86] | Yes
.watch | Watchmakers, jewelry stores, watch repair shops, neighborhood watch groups | — | Identity Digital | Yes | Yes
.watches | watches | — | Identity Digital[11] | Yes | Yes
.weather |  | Reserved for The Weather Channel | International Business Machines Corporation[11] |  | Yes
.webcam | web cam shows and video sharing | — | Global Registry Services Ltd[10] | Yes | Yes
.website | general | — | Radix Registry | Un­known | Yes
.wed | engaged couples and wedding-oriented businesses | This TLD is intended primarily for engaged couples on a short-term basis (two years with large third-year renewal fees for second-level domains).[87]
And although the registry is advertising for multiple world languages, all domains appear to need to be in Latin script.[88] |  | No | Yes
.wedding | wedding-oriented businesses | — | Minds + Machines[n 3] | Yes | Yes
.whoswho | Who's Who (general) | An open TLD, any person or entity is permitted to register. Conceived for those cited in one of the Who's Who reference titles published around the world, the registry was opened for use by private individuals, and for-profit and nonprofit entities, including those with social media aspirations. Registry policies allow for rapid takedown of non-compliant domains, for violations including imposturous registration of another's names, and proscribed uses, including pornography or adult services/applications. | Who's Who Registry | Yes | Yes
.wiki | wikis | "An open TLD for anyone interested in community resource creation" | Top Level Design | Yes | Yes
.win | games, Microsoft Windows | — | Global Registry Services Ltd[10] | Un­known | Yes
.wine | Wineries, wine bars, wine shops, wine distributors, wine clubs & online retailers, wine review sites | — | Identity Digital | Yes | Yes
.winners |  | Reserved for TJX Companies | The TJX Companies, Inc.[11] |  | Yes
.work | general | — | Minds + Machines[n 3] | Yes | Yes
.works | Contractors, distribution companies, appliance wholesalers & service, auto/boat/heavy equipment businesses, companies with solution based products or services | — | Identity Digital | Yes | Yes
.world | Brands with an international presence, nonprofits and charities, travel agencies & adventure companies, world travelers & global communities, any business with “world” in its name | — | Identity Digital | Yes | Yes
.wow |  | — | Amazon Registry Services, Inc.[11] |  | Yes
.wtf | Bargain websites, photo & video aggregators, meme sites, news of the weird | — | Identity Digital | Yes | Yes

#### X

[edit]

Name | Target market  | Restrictions  | Operator/Registry  | IDN | DNSSEC

|
|
|
|
|

.xxx | adult entertainment (pornography) | For sites providing sexually explicit content, such as pornography. | Uniregistry | Yes | Yes
.xyz | general | — | XYZ.com | Yes[89] | Yes

#### Y

[edit]

Name | Target market  | Restrictions  | Operator/Registry  | IDN | DNSSEC

|
|
|
|
|

.yachts | yachts | — | DERYachts, LLC | [11] | Yes
.yoga | yoga | — | Minds + Machines[n 3] | Yes | Yes
.you |  | — | Amazon Registry Services, Inc.[11] |  | Yes
.youtube |  | Reserved for YouTube | Google, LLC |  | Yes

#### Z

[edit]

Name | Target market  | Restrictions  | Operator/Registry  | IDN | DNSSEC

|
|
|
|
|

.zero |  | — | Amazon Registry Services, Inc.[11] |  | Yes
.zip  | digital storage information, providers, and related entities.  | —  | Charleston Road Registry Inc. (Google)[11] | Yes | Yes
.zone | Sports fans, technology groups & followers, entertainment, fairs, destinations with a “zone”, city planners & zoning regulators, any topic with a following | — | Identity Digital | Yes | Yes

### Chinese

[edit]

Name | Chinese term  | Translation  | Restrictions  | Operator  | IDN | DNSSEC

|
|
|
|
|
|

.ren | 人 rén | "people/person" in Mandarin pinyin | Restricted TLD[90] | (Cancelled)[91] | Un­known | Yes
.shouji | 手机 shǒujī | mobile phone | — | QIHOO 360 TECHNOLOGY CO. LTD.  |  |
.tushu | 图书 túshū | books | — | Amazon Registry Services, Inc.  |  |
.wanggou | 网购 wǎnggòu | online shopping | — | Amazon Registry Services, Inc.  |  |
.weibo | 微博 wēibó | microblogging | — | Sina Corporation  |  |
.xihuan | 喜欢 xǐhuān | like | — | QIHOO 360 TECHNOLOGY CO. LTD.  |  |
.xin | 信 xìn | credit; honest | — | Alibaba Group  |  |

### French

[edit]

Name | Translation  | Restrictions  | Operator  | IDN | DNSSEC

|
|
|
|
|

.arte | "ARTE means Association relating to European television" | — | Association Relative à la Télévision Européenne G.E.I.E. | [11] |
.clinique | "clinic or hospital"  | — | The Estée Lauder Companies Inc. | [11] |
.luxe | "luxury"  | — | Minds + Machines[n 3] | Un­known | Yes
.maison | "house" | — | Identity Digital[ID 129] | Yes | Yes
.moi | "me"  | — | Amazon Registry Services, Inc. | [11] |
.rsvp | Invitations and replies | — | Charleston Road Registry Inc. (Google)[n 2] | Un­known | Yes
.sarl | Société à responsabilité limitée, Francophone Limited liability company | — | Identity Digital[ID 130] | Yes | Yes

### German

[edit]

Name | Translation  | Restrictions  | Operator  | IDN | DNSSEC

|
|
|
|
|

.epost | e-mail | — | Deutsche Post AG |  |
.gmbh | GmbH | Upon request, you will be required to demonstrate current or pending designation as a GmbH company whose existence can be validated with the respective public authorities in Austria, Germany, Liechtenstein or Switzerland.  | Identity Digital | Yes | Yes
.haus | "house" | — | Identity Digital[n 1] | Yes | Yes
.immobilien | "real estate" | — | Identity Digital[n 1] | Yes[12] | Yes
.jetzt | "now" | — | Identity Digital | Yes | Yes
.kaufen | "buy" | — | Identity Digital[n 1] | Yes[12] | Yes
.kinder | "children" | restricted .brand TLD | Ferrero Trading Lux S.A. |  |
.reise | "travel" | Must be an eligible member of the travel business community; also, domain must be used for travel-related purposes.[92] | Identity Digital | Yes[12] | Yes
.reisen | "traveling" | — | Identity Digital[ID 131] | Yes[12] | Yes
.schule | "school" | — | Identity Digital[ID 132] | Yes | Yes
.versicherung | "insurance" | — |  | Latin script[12] | Yes

### Hindi

[edit]

Name | Translation  | Restrictions  | Operator  | IDN | DNSSEC

|
|
|
|
|

.desi | देसी, Hindi for the peoples and cultures of South Asia
See also Desi | — | Desi Networks | Un­known | Yes
.shiksha | शिक्षा, Marathi and Hindi for "education". | — | Identity Digital | Un­known | Yes
.भारत  |  | —  |  |  |

### Italian

[edit]

Name | Translation  | Restrictions  | Operator  | IDN | DNSSEC

|
|
|
|
|

.casa | "house" | — | Minds + Machines[n 3] | Yes | Yes
.immo | French, German,[93] and Italian abbreviation for "real estate" | — | Identity Digital[ID 133] | Yes | Yes
.moda | "fashion" | — | Identity Digital[n 1] | Yes[12] | Yes
.voto | "vote", for election and campaign websites | Must use the domain in connection with a "clearly identified political/democratic process."[94] Initially only available to registrations in the United States.[95] | Identity Digital | Un­known | Yes

### Portuguese

[edit]

Name | Translation  | Restrictions  | Operator  | IDN | DNSSEC

|
|
|
|
|

.bom | good | — | Núcleo de Informação e Coordenação do Ponto BR - NIC.br |  |
.passagens | ticket | — | Travel Reservations SRL |  |

### Spanish

[edit]

Name | Translation  | Restrictions  | Operator  | IDN | DNSSEC

|
|
|
|
|

.abogado | "lawyer" | To be restricted to licensed lawyers or law firms.[96] | Minds + Machines[n 3] | Un­known | Yes
.futbol | "Football" (soccer) | — | Identity Digital[n 1] | Yes | Yes
.gratis | "free" | — | Identity Digital[ID 134] | Yes | Yes
.hoteles | "hotels" | — | Travel Reservations SRL |  |
.juegos | "games" | — | Uniregistry | Yes[18] | Yes
.ltda | companies in South America | Domains are limited to registered LTDAs (like LLCs) in Brazil, Colombia, Chile, and Ecuador.[97] | InterNetX | Un­known | Yes
.soy | "I am"
Also refers to the soybean and its food derivatives | — | Charleston Road Registry Inc. (Google)[n 2] | Latin script, Japanese[98] | Yes
.tienda | "shop", "store" | — | Identity Digital | Yes | Yes
.uno | "one", for websites targeting Spanish speaking consumers | — |  | Spanish | Yes
.viajes | "travel" or "trips" | — | Identity Digital | Spanish | Yes
.vuelos | "flights" | — | Travel Reservations SRL | Yes | Yes

## Internationalized generic top-level domains

[edit]

All of these TLDs are internationalized domain names (IDN) and support second-level IDNs.

* Notes: general remarks and intended use
* DNSSEC: presence of DS records for Domain Name System Security Extensions

### Arabic script

[edit]

DNS Name  | IDN | Language  | Script  | Transliteration  | English Translation  | Notes  | DNSSEC

|
|
|
|
|
|
|

xn--4gbrim[99] | .موقع | Arabic | Arabic | mawqiʿ  | "site" or "location" | Open TLD | Yes
xn--fhbei[99] | .كوم |  | Arabic | kwm | com | Owned by: VeriSign Sarl[11] |
xn--mgbb9fbpob[99] | .موبايلي |  | Arabic | mūbāylī | Mobily | Owned by: GreenTech Consultancy Company W.L.L.[11] |
xn--mgbi4ecexp[99] | .كاثوليك |  | Arabic | kāthūlīk | Catholic | Owned by: Pontificium Consilium de Comunicationibus Socialibus (PCCS) (Pontifical Council for Social Communication)[11] |
xn--ngbc5azd[99] | .شبكة | Arabic | Arabic | shabaka | "network" | Open TLD | Yes
xn--ngbe9e0a[99] | .بيتك |  | Arabic | baytak  | your home | Owned by: Kuwait Finance House[11] |
xn--mgbab2bd[99] | .بازار | Persian | Arabic | bâzâr | "market", "bazaar" | Open TLD | Yes

### Chinese characters

[edit]

DNS Name  | IDN | Language  | Script  | Transliteration  | English Translation  | Notes  | DNSSEC

|
|
|
|
|
|
|

xn--3ds443g[99] | .在线 | Chinese | Chinese (Simplified) | zàixiàn | "online" | Open TLD.
The Chinese Government quickly bought 20,000 internationalized subdomains for localities.[100] | Yes
xn--fiq228c5hs[99] | .中文网 | Chinese | Chinese (Simplified) | Zhōngwén wǎng | "(written) Chinese (language) network" | Open TLD.
The Chinese Government quickly bought 20,000 IDN for localities.[100] | Yes
xn--ses554g[99] | .网址 | Chinese | Chinese (Simplified) | wǎngzhǐ | "network address" or "website" | Open TLD | Yes
xn--5tzm5g[99] | .网站 | Chinese | Chinese (Simplified) | wǎngzhàn | "website" | Open TLD | Yes
xn--io0a7i[99] | .网络 | Chinese | Chinese (Simplified) | wǎngluò | "network" | Open TLD | Yes
xn--55qx5d[99] | .公司 | Chinese | Chinese (Simplified and Traditional) | gōngsī | "business organization" or "company" | Open TLD | Yes
xn--czru2d[99] | .商城 | Chinese | Chinese (Simplified and Traditional) | shāngchéng | "mall" | Open TLD | Yes
xn--nqv7f[99] | .机构 | Chinese | Chinese (Simplified) | jīgòu | "agency" | Open TLD | Yes
xn--6qq986b3xl[99] | .我爱你 | Chinese | Chinese (Simplified) | wǒ ài nǐ | "I love you" | Open TLD | Yes
xn--czr694b[99] | .商标 | Chinese | Chinese (Simplified) | shāngbiāo | "trademark" | Open TLD | Yes
xn--rhqv96g[99] | .世界 | Chinese and Japanese | Chinese (Simplified and Traditional), Kanji (Shinjitai and Kyūjitai) | shìjiè
sekai | "world" | Open TLD | Yes
xn--3bst00m[99] | .集团 | Chinese | Chinese (Simplified) | jítuán | "conglomerate" | Open TLD | Yes
xn--30rr7y[99] | .慈善 | Chinese and Japanese | Chinese (Simplified and Traditional), Kanji (Kyūjitai and Shinjitai) | císhàn
jizen | "philanthropy" | Open TLD | Yes
xn--45q11c[99] | .八卦 | Chinese | Chinese (Simplified and Traditional) | bāguà | "gossip" | Open TLD | Yes
xn--55qw42g[99] | .公益 | Chinese and Japanese | Chinese (Simplified and Traditional), Kanji (Shinjitai and Kyūjitai) | gōngyì
kōeki | "philanthropy" | Open TLD | Yes
xn--g2xx48c[99] | .购物 | Chinese | Chinese (Simplified and Traditional) | gòuwù | "shopping" | Open TLD | Yes
xn--kput3i[99] | .手机 | Chinese | Chinese (Simplified and Traditional) | shǒujī | "cell phone" | Open TLD | Yes
xn--mxtq1m[99] | .政府 | Hani Chinese | Chinese (Simplified and Traditional) | zhèngfǔ | "public affairs | Second level restricted to ISO3166-1 country codes; third level registrations restricted to governmental organizations, or public institutions[101] | Yes

### Cyrillic script

[edit]

DNS Name  | IDN | Language  | Script  | Transliteration  | English Translation  | Notes  | DNSSEC

|
|
|
|
|
|
|

xn--d1acj3b[99] | .дети | Russian | Cyrillic (Russian) | dyeti | "kids" or "children" | Open TLD | Yes
xn--80aqecdr1a[99] | .католик |  | Cyrillic | Katolik | "сatholic" (as noun) | Owned by: Pontificium Consilium de Comunicationibus Socialibus (Pontifical Council for Social Communications)[11] |
xn--j1aef[99] | .ком | Russian | Cyrillic (Russian) | kom | "com" | Owned by: VeriSign Sarl |
xn--80asehdb[99] | .онлайн | Russian | Cyrillic (Russian) | onlain | "online" | Open TLD | Yes
xn--c1avg[99] | .орг | Russian | Cyrillic (Russian) | org | "org" or "organization" | Open TLD | Yes
xn--80aswg[99] | .сайт | Russian | Cyrillic (Russian) | sait | "site" | Open TLD | Yes

### Japanese characters

[edit]

DNS Name  | IDN | Language  | Script  | Transliteration  | English Translation  | Notes  | DNSSEC

|
|
|
|
|
|
|

xn--q9jyb4c[99] | .みんな | Japanese | Hiragana | minna | everyone | Open TLD[102] | Yes
xn--1ck2e1b[99] | .セール | Japanese | Katakana | sēru | sale | Owned by: Amazon Registry Services, Inc.[11] |
xn--bck1b9a5dre4c[99] | .ファッション | Japanese | Katakana | fasshon | fashion |  |
xn--cck2b3b[99] | .ストア | Japanese | Katakana | sutoa | store |  |
xn--eckvdtc9d[99] | .ポイント | Japanese | Katakana | pointo | point |  |
xn--gckr3f0f[99] | .クラウド | Japanese | Katakana | kuraudo | cloud |  |
xn--tckwe[99] | .コム | Japanese | Katakana | komu | com | Owned by: VeriSign Sarl[11] |

### Other script

[edit]

DNS Name  | IDN | Language  | Script  | Transliteration  | English Translation  | Notes  | DNSSEC

|
|
|
|
|
|
|

xn--54b7fta0cc[103] | .বাংলা  | Bengali | Bengali  | Bānlā  | Bangla  | Open TLD  |
xn‑‑h2brj9c[104] | .भारत  | Hindi | Devanagari  | bharat  | India  |  |
xn--i1b6b1a6a2e[99] | .संगठन | Marathi, Hindi | Devanagari | saṅgaṭhana | "organization" | Open TLD | Yes
xn--11b4c3d[99] | .कॉम | Marathi, Hindi | Devanagari | kom | com |  |
xn--c2br7g[99] | .नेट | Marathi, Hindi | Devanagari | net | net |  |
xn--mk1bu44c[99] | .닷컴 | Korean | Hangul | datkeom / tatk'ŏm | dotcom |  |
xn--t60b56a[99] | .닷넷 | Korean | Hangul | datnet / tatnet | dotnet |  |
xn--9dbq2a[99] | .קום | Hebrew | Hebrew | qwm | com | Open TLD | Yes
xn--42c2d9a[99] | .คอม | Thai | Thai | khom | com |  |

## Geographic top-level domains

[edit]

* Name: DNS name
* Entity: Target geographic area
* Notes: general remarks
* IDN: support for internationalized domain names (IDN)
* DNSSEC: presence of DS records for Domain Name System Security Extensions

### Africa

[edit]

Name | Entity  | Notes  | IDN | DNSSEC

|
|
|
|

.africa | Africa | [11][105] |  | Yes
.capetown | Cape Town, South Africa | [106] | Un­known | Yes
.durban |  Durban, South Africa | [107] | Un­known | Yes
.joburg |  Johannesburg, South Africa | [108] | Un­known | Yes

### Asia

[edit]

Name | Entity  | Notes  | IDN | DNSSEC

|
|
|
|

.abudhabi |  Abu Dhabi, UAE | [11] |  | Yes
.arab |  League of Arab States | [11] |  | Yes
.asia | Asia–Pacific region | This is a TLD for companies, organizations, and individuals based in the region of Asia, Australia, and the Pacific. | Chinese, Japanese, Korean[12] | Yes
.doha | Doha, Qatar | [11] |  |
.dubai | Dubai, UAE | [11] |  | Yes
.krd |  Kurdistan | This is a TLD for companies, organizations, and individuals based in the region of Kurdistan[109][110] | Kurdish | Yes
.kyoto |  Kyoto, Japan | [111] |  | Yes
.nagoya |  Nagoya, Japan | [112] | Japanese[12] | Yes
.okinawa |  Okinawa, Japan | [113] | Japanese | Yes
.osaka |  Osaka, Japan | [11] |  | Yes
.ryukyu | Ryukyu Islands, Japan | [114] | Un­known | Yes
.taipei | Taipei, Taiwan | Introduced in September 2014[115] | Un­known | Yes
.tokyo |  Tokyo, Japan | [116] | Yes | Yes
.yokohama |  Yokohama, Japan | [117] | Japanese | Yes

### Europe

[edit]

Geographic TLDs in France  Name | Entity  | Notes  | IDN | DNSSEC

|
|
|
|

.alsace |  Alsace | "The purpose of .ALSACE is to bring Alsatian culture and identity to the Internet, make our region more visible internationally and boost the digital economy in Alsace."[118] | Un­known | Yes
.bzh |  Brittany; Breton language and culture  | Breizh in Breton.[119] This is a TLD for Web sites in the Breton language or related to Breton culture | French[12] | Yes
.corsica  |  Corsica | TLD Related to Corsican Culture | Un­known | Yes
.eus |  Basque, Spain and France | Euskal Herria in Basque. Web sites must be in the Basque language and are checked periodically.[120] | Un­known | Yes
.paris |  Paris | "Must be an individual or corporate entity with a bona fide presence in the Greater area of Paris"[121] | Yes | Yes
Geographic TLDs in Spain  Name | Entity  | Notes  | IDN | DNSSEC

|
|
|
|

.bcn |  Barcelona | [11] |  | Yes
.barcelona |  | Un­known | Yes
.cat |  Catalonia; Catalan language and culture  | This is a TLD for Web sites in the Catalan language or related to Catalan culture.[122] | Catalan[12] | Yes
.eus |  Basque, Spain and France | Euskal Herria in Basque. Web sites must be in the Basque language and are checked periodically.[120] | Un­known | Yes
.gal |  Galicia | This is a TLD for Web sites in the Galician language or related to Galician culture.[123] | Un­known | Yes
.madrid  |  Madrid | [124] | Un­known | Yes
Geographic TLDs in Germany  Name | Entity  | Notes  | IDN | DNSSEC

|
|
|
|

.bayern |  Bavaria | [125] | Yes | Yes
.berlin |  Berlin | Must have a connection to Berlin, Germany for example a company based in Berlin or a person from Berlin etc.[126] | Latin and Cyrillic scripts[12] | Yes
.cologne  |  Cologne | [127] | Yes | Yes
.koeln | [128] | Yes | Yes
.hamburg  |  Hamburg |  | Latin script[12] | Yes
.nrw  |  North Rhine-Westphalia | [129] | Yes | Yes
.ruhr  | Ruhr | [130] | German[12] | Yes
.saarland |  Saarland | [131] | Un­known | Yes
Other European Geographic TLDs  Name | Entity  | Notes  | IDN | DNSSEC

|
|
|
|

.eu |  EU, European Union | [132] Available for any person, company or organization based in the European Union. | Yes | Yes
.amsterdam |  Amsterdam, Netherlands | [133] | Un­known | Yes
.bar |  Bar, Montenegro | [11] Mostly used for bars and other alcohol facilities worldwide | Un­known | Yes
.brussels |  Brussels, Belgium | [134] | Latin script[12] | Yes
.cymru |  Wales, United Kingdom | [135] | Welsh[12] | Yes
.wales | [135] | Welsh[12] | Yes
.frl |  Friesland, Netherlands | Fryslân in (West) Frisian, one of the twelve provinces in the Netherlands.[136] | Un­known | Yes
.gent |  Ghent, Belgium | [137] | Un­known | Yes
.helsinki |  Helsinki, Finland |  | Un­known | Yes
.irish |  Ireland; global Irish community |  | Un­known | Yes
.ist | İstanbul, Turkey |  | Un­known | Yes
.istanbul |  | Un­known | Yes
.london | London, United Kingdom | [138] | Yes | Yes
.moscow [ru] |  Moscow, Russia | [139] | Yes | Yes
.scot |  Scotland, United Kingdom | [140] | Un­known | Yes
.stockholm |  Stockholm, Sweden | [11] | Yes[141] | Yes
.swiss |  Switzerland | [11] | Yes[142] | Yes
.tatar | Tatar peoples and places | Tatarstan is a region in Russia, though this TLD is meant for the global Tatar community.[143] | Un­known | Yes
.tirol |  Tyrol, Austria | [144] | Yes[12] | Yes
.vlaanderen |  Flanders, Belgium | [145] | Latin script[12] | Yes
.wien |  Vienna, Austria | [146] | Latin script[12] | Yes
.zuerich |  Zurich, Switzerland | [147] | Un­known | Yes
.su |  Soviet Union | [148] | Yes[12] | Yes

### North America

[edit]

Name | Entity  | Notes  | IDN | DNSSEC | Alternatives

|
|
|
|
|

.boston |  Boston, Massachusetts | [11] |  | Yes | .boston.ma.us
.miami |  Miami, Florida | [149] | Un­known | Yes | .miami.us
.nyc |  New York City, New York | [150] | Spanish[12] | Yes | .new-york.ny.us
.quebec |  Quebec, Canada | [151] | Un­known | Yes | .qc.ca
.vegas |  Las Vegas, Nevada | [152] | Yes | Yes | .las-vegas.nv.us

### Oceania

[edit]

Name | Entity  | Notes  | IDN | DNSSEC

|
|
|
|

.kiwi |  New Zealanders | [153] | Latin script[12] | Yes
.melbourne |  Melbourne, Australia | [154] | Un­known | Yes
.sydney |  Sydney, Australia | [155] | Un­known | Yes

### South America

[edit]

Name | Entity  | Notes  | IDN | DNSSEC

|
|
|
|

.lat |  Latin America | [156] | Spanish[157] | Yes
.rio |  Rio de Janeiro, Brazil | [158] | Un­known | Yes

## Internationalized geographic top-level domains

[edit]

DNS name  | Display name  | Entity  | Language  | Script  | Transliteration  | Notes  | Other TLD  | IDN | DNSSEC

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

xn--1qqw23a[99] | .佛山 | Foshan, China | Chinese | Chinese (Simplified) | fat6 saan1 | [159] |  | Yes | Yes
xn--xhq521b[99] | .广东 | Guangdong, China | Chinese | Chinese (Simplified) | gwong2 dung1 | [11] |  |  |
xn--80adxhks[99] | .москва [ru] | Moscow, Russia | Russian | Cyrillic (Russian) | moskva | [160] | .moscow | Russian[12] | Yes
xn--p1acf[99] | .рус | Russian language, post-Soviet states | Russian | Cyrillic (Russian) | rus | [11] | .su |  |
xn--mgbca7dzdo[99] | .ابوظبي | Abu Dhabi | Arabic | Arabic | Abū Ẓabī | [11] | .abudhabi |  |
xn--ngbrx[99] | .عرب | Arab | Arabic | Arabic | ‘Arab | [11] |  |  |

## Brand and corporate top-level domains

[edit]

* Name: DNS name
* Entity: company and/or brand
* Notes: general remarks
* IDN: support for internationalized domain names (IDN)
* DNSSEC: presence of DS records for Domain Name System Security Extensions

Name | Entity  | Notes  | IDN | DNSSEC

|
|
|
|

.aaa  | American Automobile Association | [11] |  | Yes
.aarp  | AARP | [11] |  | Yes
.abarth | Fiat Chrysler Automobiles (Abarth) | [11] |  |
.abb | ABB | [11] |  | Yes
.abbott | Abbott Laboratories | [11] |  | Yes
.abbvie | AbbVie | [11] |  | Yes
.abc | American Broadcasting Company[161] | [11] |  | Yes
.accenture | Accenture | [11] |  | Yes
.aco | ACO Severin Ahlmann GmbH & Co. KG | [11] |  | Yes
.aeg | Aktiebolaget Electrolux | [11] |  | Yes
.aetna | Aetna | [11] |  | Yes
.afl | Australian Football League | [11] |  | Yes
.agakhan | Aga Khan Foundation | [11] |  | Yes
.aig | American International Group | [11] |  | Yes
.aigo | Aigo | [11] |  |
.airbus | Airbus | [11] |  | Yes
.airtel | Bharti Airtel | [11] |  | Yes
.akdn | Aga Khan Foundation | [11] |  | Yes
.alfaromeo | Fiat Chrysler Automobiles (Alfa Romeo) | [11] |  |
.alibaba | Alibaba Group | [11] |  | Yes
.alipay | Alibaba Group | [11] |  | Yes
.allfinanz | Allfinanz Deutsche Vermögensberatung Aktiengesellschaft | [162] | Un­known | Yes
.allstate | Allstate | [11] |  | Yes
.ally | Ally Financial | [11] |  | Yes
.alstom | Alstom | [11] |  | Yes
.amazon | Amazon |  |  | Yes
.americanexpress | American Express | [11] |  | Yes
.amex | American Express | [11] |  | Yes
.amica | Amica Mutual Insurance | [11] |  | Yes
.android | Google (Android) | [163] | Un­known | Yes
.anz | Australia & New Zealand Banking Group | [11] |  | Yes
.aol | AOL | [11] |  | Yes
.apple | Apple | [11] |  | Yes
.aquarelle | Aquarelle.com Group | [164] | Un­known | Yes
.aramco | Aramco | [11] |  | Yes
.audi | Audi | [11] |  | Yes
.auspost | Australia Post | [11] |  | Yes
.aws | Amazon Web Services | [11] |  | Yes
.axa | Axa | [165] | Yes[12] | Yes
.azure | Microsoft | [11] |  | Yes
.baidu | Baidu | [11] |  | Yes
.bananarepublic | Gap (Banana Republic) | [11] |  |
.barclaycard | Barclays | [166] | Un­known | Yes
.barclays | Barclays | [166] | Un­known | Yes
.basketball | FIBA | [167] |  | Yes
.bauhaus | Werkhaus GmbH | [11] |  | Yes
.bbc | BBC | [11] |  | Yes
.bbt | BB&T | [11] |  | Yes
.bbva | Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria | [11] |  | Yes
.bcg | Boston Consulting Group | [11] |  | Yes
.bentley | Bentley | [11] |  | Yes
.bharti | Bharti Enterprises | [11] |  | Yes
.bing | Microsoft (Bing) | [11] |  | Yes
.blanco | BLANCO GmbH + Co KG | [11] |  |
.bloomberg | Bloomberg | [168] | Un­known | Yes
.bms | Bristol-Myers Squibb | [11] |  | Yes
.bmw | BMW | [169] | No | Yes
.bnl | Banca Nazionale del Lavoro | [170] | Un­known |
.bnpparibas | BNP Paribas | [171] | Un­known | Yes
.boehringer | Boehringer Ingelheim | [11] |  | Yes
.bond | Bond University[11] | Later became a gTLD on 26 November 2019 |  | Yes
.booking | Booking.com | [11] |  | Yes
.bosch | Robert Bosch GmbH | [11] |  | Yes
.bostik | Bostik | [11] |  | Yes
.bradesco | Bradesco | [172] | Un­known | Yes
.bridgestone | Bridgestone | [11] |  | Yes
.brother | Brother Industries | [11] |  | Yes
.bugatti | Bugatti | [11] |  |
.cal | Google (Google Calendar) | [173] | Un­known | Yes
.calvinklein | PVH | [11] |  | Yes
.canon | Canon | [11] |  | Yes
.capitalone | Capital One | [11] |  | Yes
.caravan | Caravan International | [174] | Un­known | Yes
.cartier | Richemont DNS | [11] |  |
.cba | Commonwealth Bank | [11] |  | Yes
.cbn | Christian Broadcasting Network | [11] |  | Yes
.cbre | CBRE Group | [11] |  | Yes
.cbs | CBS | [11] |  |
.cern | CERN | [175] | Un­known | Yes
.cfa | CFA Institute | [11] |  | Yes
.chanel | Chanel | [11] |  | Yes
.chase | Chase Bank | [11] |  | Yes
.chintai | Chintai Corporation [ja] | [11] |  | Yes
.chrome | Google (Google Chrome) | [176] | Un­known | Yes
.chrysler | Chrysler | [11] |  |
.cipriani | Hotel Cipriani Srl | [11] |  | Yes
.cisco | Cisco Systems | [11] |  | Yes
.citadel | Citadel Domain | [11] |  | Yes
.citi | Citigroup | [11] |  | Yes
.citic | CITIC Group | [177] | No | Yes
.clubmed | Club Med | [11] |  | Yes
.comcast | Comcast | [11] |  |
.commbank | Commonwealth Bank | [11] |  | Yes
.creditunion | CUNA Performance Resources | [11] |  | Yes
.crown | Crown Equipment Corporation | [11] |  | Yes
.crs | Federated Co-operatives
(Co-Operative Retailing System) | [178] | Un­known | Yes
.csc  | DXC Technology |  |  |
.cuisinella | Société Alsacienne de Meubles (Cuisinella) | [179] | Un­known | Yes
.dabur | Dabur | [11] |  | Yes
.datsun | Nissan (Datsun) | [11] |  | Yes
.dealer | Dealer Dot Com | [11] |  | Yes
.dell | Dell | [11] |  | Yes
.deloitte | Deloitte | [11] |  | Yes
.delta | Delta Air Lines | [11] |  | Yes
.dhl | Deutsche Post | [11] |  | Yes
.discover | Discover Financial Services | [11] |  | Yes
.dish | Dish Network | [11] |  | Yes
.dnp | Dai Nippon Printing | [180] | Un­known | Yes
.dodge | Chrysler (Dodge) | [11] |  |
.dunlop | Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company (Dunlop Tyres) | [11] |  | Yes
.dupont | DuPont | [11] |  | Yes
.dvag | Deutsche Vermögensberatung | [181] | Un­known | Yes
.edeka | Edeka | [182] | Un­known | Yes
.emerck | Merck Group | [183] | Un­known | Yes
.epson | Seiko Epson | [11] |  | Yes
.ericsson | Ericsson | [11] |  | Yes
.erni | ERNI Group Holding AG | [11] |  | Yes
.esurance | Esurance | [11] |  |
.etisalat | Etisalat | [11] |  |
.eurovision | European Broadcasting Union (Eurovision) | [11] |  | Yes
.everbank | EverBank | [184] | Un­known |
.extraspace | Extra Space Storage | [11] |  | Yes
.fage | Fage | [11] |  | Yes
.fairwinds | FairWinds Partners | [11] |  | Yes
.farmers | Farmers Insurance Exchange | [11] |  | Yes
.fedex | FedEx | [11] |  | Yes
.ferrari | Fiat Chrysler Automobiles (Ferrari) | [11] |  | Yes
.ferrero | Ferrero | [11] |  | Yes
.fiat | Fiat Chrysler Automobiles | [11] |  |
.fidelity | Fidelity Investments | [11] |  | Yes
.firestone | Bridgestone | [11] |  | Yes
.firmdale | Firmdale Holdings | [185] | Un­known | Yes
.flickr | Yahoo! (Flickr) | [11] |  | Yes
.flir | FLIR Systems | [11] |  | Yes
.flsmidth | FLSmidth | [186] | Un­known |
.ford | Ford | [11] |  | Yes
.fox | Fox Broadcasting Company | [11] |  | Yes
.fresenius | Fresenius Immobilien-Verwaltungs-GmbH | [11] |  | Yes
.forex | Dotforex Registry Ltd | [11] |  | Yes
.frogans | OP3FT | Solely for use by the Frogans technology[187] | Yes[12] | Yes
.frontier | Frontier Communications | [11] |  | Yes
.fujitsu | Fujitsu | [11] |  | Yes
.fujixerox | Fuji Xerox | [11] |  |
.gallo | E & J Gallo Winery | [11] |  | Yes
.gallup | Gallup | [11] |  | Yes
.gap | Gap | [11] |  | Yes
.gbiz | Google | [188] | Un­known | Yes
.gea | GEA Group | [11] |  | Yes
.genting | Genting Group | [11] |  | Yes
.giving | Giving Limited | [11] |  | Yes
.gle | Google | [189] | Un­known | Yes
.globo | Grupo Globo | [190] | No | Yes
.gmail | Google (Gmail) | [191] | Un­known | Yes
.gmo | GMO Internet | [192] | Un­known | Yes
.gmx | 1&1 Mail & Media (GMX, Global Message Exchange) | [193] | Un­known | Yes
.godaddy | Go Daddy | [11] |  | Yes
.goldpoint | Yodobashi Camera | [11] |  | Yes
.goodyear | Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company | [11] |  | Yes
.goog | Google | [194] | Un­known | Yes
.google | Google | [195] | Un­known | Yes
.grainger | Grainger Registry Services, LLC | [11] |  | Yes
.guardian | Guardian Life Insurance Company of America | [11] |  |
.gucci | Gucci | [11] |  | Yes
.hbo | HBO | [11] |  | Yes
.hdfc | Housing Development Finance Corporation | [11] |  | Yes
.hdfcbank | HDFC Bank | [11] |  | Yes
.hermes | Hermès | [11] |  | Yes
.hisamitsu | Hisamitsu Pharmaceutical | [11] |  | Yes
.hitachi | Hitachi | [11] |  | Yes
.hkt | Hong Kong Telecom | [11] |  | Yes
.honda | Honda | [11] |  | Yes
.honeywell | Honeywell | [11] |  |
.hotmail | Microsoft (Hotmail) | [11] |  | Yes
.hsbc | HSBC | [196] | Un­known | Yes
.hughes | Hughes Network Systems | [11] |  | Yes
.hyatt | Hyatt | [11] |  | Yes
.hyundai | Hyundai Motor Company | [11] |  | Yes
.ibm | IBM | [197] | Un­known | Yes
.ieee | Institute of Electrical & Electronics Engineers | [11] |  | Yes
.ifm | ifm electronic gmbh | [11] |  | Yes
.ikano | Ikano | [11] |  | Yes
.imdb | Amazon (IMDb) | [11] |  | Yes
.infiniti | Nissan (Infiniti) | [11] |  | Yes
.intel | Intel | [11] |  |
.intuit | Intuit | [11] |  | Yes
.ipiranga | Ipiranga | [11] |  | Yes
.iselect | iSelect | [11] |  |
.itau | Itaú Unibanco | [11] |  | Yes
.itv | ITV | [11] |  | Yes
.iveco | CNH Industrial (Iveco) | [11] |  |
.jaguar | Jaguar Land Rover | [11] |  | Yes
.java | Oracle (Java) | [11] |  | Yes
.jcb | JCB | [11] |  | Yes
.jcp | JCP Media | [11] |  |
.jeep | Chrysler (Jeep) | [11] |  | Yes
.jio  | Reliance Industries (Jio)  | [11] |  | Yes
.jpmorgan | JPMorgan Chase | [11] |  | Yes
.juniper | Juniper Networks | [11] |  | Yes
.kddi | KDDI | [11] |  | Yes
.kerryhotels | Kerry Trading Co. Limited | [11] |  | Yes
.kerrylogistics | Kerry Trading Co. Limited | [11] |  | Yes
.kerryproperties | Kerry Trading Co. Limited | [11] |  | Yes
.kfh | Kuwait Finance House | [11] |  | Yes
.kia | Kia Motors Corporation | [11] |  | Yes
.kinder | Ferrero (Kinder Surprise) | [11] |  |
.kindle | Amazon (Amazon Kindle) | [11] |  | Yes
.komatsu | Komatsu | [11] |  | Yes
.kpmg | KPMG | [11] |  | Yes
.kred | KredTLD | [198] | Un­known | Yes
.kuokgroup | Kerry Trading Co. Limited | [11] |  | Yes
.lacaixa | Caixa d’Estalvis i Pensions de Barcelona | [199] | Un­known | Yes
.ladbrokes | Ladbrokes | [11] |  |
.lamborghini | Lamborghini | [11] |  | Yes
.lancaster | Lancaster (Coty) | [11] |  | Yes
.lancia | Fiat Chrysler Automobiles (Lancia) | [11] |  |
.lancome | L'Oréal | [11] |  |
.landrover | Jaguar Land Rover | [11] |  | Yes
.lanxess | Lanxess | [11] |  | Yes
.lasalle | JLL | [11] |  | Yes
.latrobe | La Trobe University | [200] | Un­known | Yes
.lds | The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church)[201] | [202] | Un­known | Yes
.leclerc  | E.Leclerc | [203] |  | Yes
.lego | Lego Group | [11] |  | Yes
.liaison | Liaison Technologies | [11] |  |
.lexus | Toyota (Lexus) | [11] |  | Yes
.lidl | Lidl | [11] |  | Yes
.lifestyle | Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc. | [11] |  | Yes
.lilly | Eli Lilly and Company | [11] |  | Yes
.lincoln | Ford (Lincoln) | [11] |  | Yes
.linde | Linde | [11] |  |
.lipsy | Lipsy Ltd | [11] |  | Yes
.lixil | Lixil Group | [11] |  |
.locus | Locus Analytics | [11] |  | Yes
.lotte | Lotte Holdings | [11] |  | Yes
.lpl | LPL Financial | [11] |  | Yes
.lplfinancial | LPL Financial | [11] |  | Yes
.lundbeck | Lundbeck | [11] |  | Yes
.lupin | Lupin Limited | [11] |  |
.macys | Macy's | [11] |  |
.maif | Mutuelle Assurance Instituteur France (MAIF) | [11] |  | Yes
.man | MAN | [11] |  | Yes
.mango | Mango | [204] | Latin script[12] | Yes
.marriott | Marriott International | [11] |  | Yes
.maserati | Fiat Chrysler Automobiles (Maserati) | [11] |  |
.mattel | Mattel | [11] |  | Yes
.mckinsey | McKinsey & Company | [11] |  | Yes
.metlife | MetLife | [11] |  |
.microsoft | Microsoft | [11] |  | Yes
.mini | BMW (Mini) | [205] | No | Yes
.mit | Massachusetts Institute of Technology | [11] |  | Yes
.mitsubishi | Mitsubishi Corporation | [11] |  | Yes
.mlb | MLB Advanced Media | [11] |  | Yes
.mma | MMA IARD | [11] |  | Yes
.monash | Monash University | [206][207] | No | Yes
.mormon | The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church)[201] | [208] | Un­known | Yes
.moto | Motorola | [11] |  | Yes
.movistar | Telefónica (Movistar) | [11] |  |
.msd | MSD Registry Holdings, Inc. | [11] |  | Yes
.mtn | MTN | [11] |  | Yes
.mtr | MTR Corporation | [11] |  | Yes
.mutual | Northwestern Mutual | [11] |  |
.nadex | Nadex | [11] |  |
.nationwide | Nationwide Mutual Insurance Company | [11] |  |
.natura | Natura & Co | [11] |  |
.nba | National Basketball Association | [11] |  | Yes
.nec | NEC | [11] |  | Yes
.netflix | Netflix | [11] |  | Yes
.neustar | Neustar | [209] | No | Yes
.newholland | CNH Industrial (New Holland Agriculture, New Holland Construction) | [11] |  |
.nfl | National Football League | [11] |  | Yes
.nhk | NHK | [210] | Un­known | Yes
.nico | Dwango (Niconico) | [211] | Un­known | Yes
.nike | Nike | [11] |  | Yes
.nikon | Nikon | [11] |  | Yes
.nissan | Nissan | [11] |  | Yes
.nissay | Nippon Life | [11] |  | Yes
.nokia | Nokia | [11] |  | Yes
.northwesternmutual | Northwestern Mutual | [11] |  |
.norton | NortonLifeLock | [11] |  | Yes
.nra | National Rifle Association of America | [212] | Un­known | Yes
.ntt | Nippon Telegraph & Telephone | [11] |  | Yes
.obi | OBI Group Holding SE & Co. KGaA | [11] |  | Yes
.office | Microsoft (Microsoft Office) | [11] |  | Yes
.omega | Swatch Group (Omega) | [11] |  | Yes
.oracle | Oracle | [11] |  | Yes
.orange | Orange | [11] |  | Yes
.otsuka | Otsuka Pharmaceutical | [213] | Un­known | Yes
.ovh | OVH | [214] | French[12] | Yes
.panasonic | Panasonic | [11] |  | Yes
.pccw | PCCW | [11] |  | Yes
.pfizer | Pfizer | [11] |  | Yes
.philips | Philips | [11] |  | Yes
.piaget | Piaget | [215] | Un­known |
.pictet | Pictet | [11] |  | Yes
.ping | Ping | [11] |  | Yes
.pioneer | Pioneer Corporation | [11] |  | Yes
.play | Google (Google Play) | [11] |  | Yes
.playstation | Sony (PlayStation) | [11] |  | Yes
.pohl | Deutsche Vermögensberatung
(founder Reinfried Pohl) | [216] | Un­known | Yes
.politie | Politie Nederland | [11] |  | Yes
.praxi | Praxi | [217] | Un­known | Yes
.prod | Google (products) | [218] | Un­known | Yes
.progressive | Progressive Corporation | [11] |  | Yes
.pru | Prudential Financial | [11] |  | Yes
.prudential | Prudential Financial | [11] |  | Yes
.pwc | PwC | [219] | Un­known | Yes
.quest | Quest Software | [11] |  | Yes
.qvc | QVC | [11] |  |
.redstone | Redstone Haute Couture Co | [11] |  | Yes
.reliance | Reliance Industries | [11] |  | Yes
.rexroth | Robert Bosch GmbH | [11] |  | Yes
.ricoh | Ricoh | [11] |  | Yes
.ril  | Reliance Industries | [11] |  | Yes
.rmit | Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology | [11] |  |
.rocher | Ferrero (Ferrero Rocher) | [11] |  |
.rogers | Rogers Communications | [11] |  | Yes
.rwe | RWE | [11] |  | Yes
.safety | Safety Registry Services, LLC. | [11] |  | Yes
.sakura | Sakura Internet [ja] | [11] |  | Yes
.samsung | Samsung SDS | [11] |  | Yes
.sandvik | Sandvik | [11] |  | Yes
.sandvikcoromant | Sandvik Coromant | [220] | Un­known | Yes
.sanofi | Sanofi | [11] |  | Yes
.sap | SAP | [221] |  | Yes
.saxo | Saxo Bank | [11] |  | Yes
.sbi | State Bank of India | [11] |  | Yes
.sbs | Special Broadcasting Service[11] | Later became a gTLD on 15 June 2021 |  | Yes
.sca | Svenska Cellulosa | [222] | Un­known |
.scb | Siam Commercial Bank |  | Thai[12] | Yes
.schaeffler | Schaeffler Technologies | [11] |  | Yes
.schmidt | Société Alsacienne de Meubles (Cuisines Schmidt) | [223] | Un­known | Yes
.schwarz | Schwarz Gruppe | [11] |  | Yes
.scjohnson | S. C. Johnson & Son | [11] |  |
.scor | SCOR | [11] |  |
.seat | SEAT | [11] |  | Yes
.sener | Sener Ingeniería y Sistemas, S.A. | [11] |  | Yes
.ses | SES | [11] |  |
.sew | SEW Eurodrive | [11] |  | Yes
.seven | Seven West Media | [11] |  | Yes
.sfr | SFR | [11] |  | Yes
.seek | Seek | [224] | No | Yes
.shangrila | Shangri-La Hotels and Resorts | [11] |  | Yes
.sharp | Sharp Corporation | [11] |  | Yes
.shaw | Shaw Cablesystems G.P. | [11] |  | Yes
.shell | Shell | [11] |  | Yes
.shriram | Shriram Capital | [11] |  |
.sina | Sina Corp | [11] |  | Yes
.sky | Sky Group | [11] |  | Yes
.skype | Microsoft (Skype) | [11] |  | Yes
.smart | Smart Communications | [11] |  | Yes
.sncf | SNCF | [11] |  | Yes
.softbank | SoftBank | [11] |  | Yes
.sohu | Sohu | [225] | Un­known | Yes
.sony | Sony | [11] |  | Yes
.spiegel | Der Spiegel | [226] | Un­known |
.stada | Stada Arzneimittel | [11] |  | Yes
.staples | Staples | [11] |  | Yes
.star | Disney Star | [11] |  | Yes
.starhub | StarHub | [11] |  |
.statebank | State Bank of India | [11] |  | Yes
.statefarm | State Farm | [11] |  | Yes
.statoil | Statoil | [11] |  |
.stc | Saudi Telecom Company | [11] |  | Yes
.stcgroup | Saudi Telecom Company | [11] |  | Yes
.suzuki | Suzuki | [227] | Un­known | Yes
.swatch | Swatch Group | [11] |  | Yes
.swiftcover | Swiftcover | [11] |  |
.symantec | Gen Digital | [11] |  |
.taobao | Alibaba Group (Taobao) | [11] |  | Yes
.target | Target | [11] |  | Yes
.tatamotors | Tata Motors | [11] |  | Yes
.tdk | TDK | [11] |  | Yes
.telecity | TelecityGroup | [11] |  |
.telefonica | Telefónica | [11] |  |
.temasek | Temasek Holdings | [11] |  | Yes
.teva | Teva Pharmaceuticals | [11] |  | Yes
.tiffany | Tiffany & Co. | [11] |  |
.tjx | TJX Companies | [11] |  | Yes
.toray | Toray Industries | [11] |  | Yes
.toshiba | Toshiba | [11] |  | Yes
.total | Total | [11] |  | Yes
.toyota | Toyota | [11] |  | Yes
.travelchannel | Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc. (Travel Channel) | [11] |  |
.travelers | Travelers TLD, LLC (The Travelers Companies) | [11] |  | Yes
.tui | TUI | [228] | Un­known | Yes
.tvs | T V Sundram Iyengar & Sons Private Limited | [11] |  | Yes
.ubs | UBS | [11] |  | Yes
.unicom | China Unicom | [11] |  | Yes
.uol | Universo Online | Delegated to UOL subsidiary UBN Internet.[229] | Un­known | Yes
.ups | United Parcel Service | [11] |  | Yes
.vanguard | Vanguard Group | [11] |  | Yes
.verisign | VeriSign | [11] |  | Yes
.vig | Vienna Insurance Group | [11] |  | Yes
.viking | Viking River Cruises | [11] |  | Yes
.virgin | Virgin Group | [11] |  | Yes
.visa | Visa | [11] |  | Yes
.vista | Vistaprint | [11] |  |
.vistaprint | Vistaprint | [11] |  |
.vivo | Telefônica Brasil | [11] |  | Yes
.volkswagen | Volkswagen Group of America | [11] |  |
.volvo | Volvo | [11] |  | Yes
.walmart | Walmart | [11] |  | Yes
.walter | Sandvik | [11] |  | Yes
.weatherchannel | IBM (The Weather Company) | [11] |  | Yes
.weber | Saint-Gobain | [11] |  | Yes
.weir | Weir Group | [11] |  | Yes
.williamhill | William Hill | [230] | Un­known | Yes
.windows | Microsoft (Microsoft Windows) | [11] |  | Yes
.wme | Endeavor | [231] | Un­known | Yes
.wolterskluwer | Wolters Kluwer | [11] |  | Yes
.woodside | Woodside Petroleum | [11] |  | Yes
.wtc | World Trade Centers Association | [232] | Un­known | Yes
.xbox | Microsoft Xbox | [11] |  | Yes
.xerox | Fuji Xerox | [11] |  | Yes
.xfinity | Comcast | [11] |  |
.yahoo | Yahoo! | [11] |  | Yes
.yamaxun | Amazon (Amazon China) | [11] |  | Yes
.yandex | Yandex | [233] | Un­known | Yes
.yodobashi | Yodobashi Camera | [11] |  | Yes
.youtube | Google (YouTube) | [234] | Un­known | Yes
.zappos | Amazon (Zappos) | [11] |  | Yes
.zara | Inditex (Zara) | [11] |  | Yes
.zippo | Zippo | [11] |  |

## Internationalized brand top-level domains

[edit]

DNS name | IDN TLD | Entity | Script | Transliteration | Comments | DNSSEC

|
|
|
|
|
|

xn--jlq480n2rg  | .亚马逊  | Amazon | Chinese (Simplified)  | Yàmǎxùn  | [235] | Yes
xn—cckwcxetd  | .アマゾン  | Amazon | Katakana  | amazon  | [236] | Yes
xn--mgba3a3ejt | .ارامكو | Aramco Services Company | Arabic |  | [11] |
xn--mgbaakc7dvf | .اتصالات | Emirates Telecommunications Corporation (trading as Etisalat) | Arabic |  | [11] |
xn--8y0a063a | .联通 | China United Network Communications Corporation Limited | Chinese (Simplified) | Liántōng | [11] |
xn--6frz82g | .移动 | China Mobile Communications Corporation | Chinese (Simplified) | Yídòng |  |
xn--fiq64b | .中信 | CITIC Group | Chinese | zhōngxìn | [237] | Yes
xn--5su34j936bgsg | .香格里拉 | Shangri‐La International Hotel Management Limited | Chinese | Xiānggélǐlā | [11] |
xn--b4w605ferd | .淡马锡 | Temasek Holdings (Private) Limited | Chinese (Simplified) | Dànmǎxī | [11] |
xn--3oq18vl8pn36a | .大众汽车 | Volkswagen (China) Investment Co., Ltd. | Chinese (Simplified) | Dàzhòngqìchē | [11] |
xn--vermgensberater-ctb | .vermögensberater | Deutsche Vermögensberatung Aktiengesellschaft | Latin |  | [238] | Yes
xn--vermgensberatung-pwb | .vermögensberatung | Deutsche Vermögensberatung Aktiengesellschaft | Latin |  | [239] | Yes
xn--qcka1pmc | .グーグル | Google | Katakana | gūguru | [240] | Yes
xn--flw351e | .谷歌 | Google | Chinese | gǔgē | [241] | Yes
xn--estv75g | .工行 | Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Limited | Chinese | Gōngháng | [11] |
xn--w4rs40l | .嘉里 | Kerry Trading Co. Limited | Chinese | Jiālǐ | [11] |
xn--w4r85el8fhu5dnra | .嘉里大酒店 | Kerry Trading Co. Limited | Chinese | Jiālǐdàjiǔdiàn | [11] |
xn--kcrx77d1x4a | .飞利浦 | Koninklijke Philips N.V. | Chinese (Simplified) | Fēilìpǔ | [11] |
xn--jlq61u9w7b | .诺基亚 | Nokia Corporation | Chinese (Simplified) | Nuòjīyà | [11][242] |
xn--fzys8d69uvgm | .電訊盈科 | PCCW Enterprises Limited | Chinese (Traditional) | din6 soen3 jing4 fo1 | [11] |
xn--cg4bki | .삼성 | Samsung | Hangul | samseong | [243] | Yes

## Special-use domains

[edit]

ICANN/IANA has created some special-use domain names which are meant for technical purposes. ICANN/IANA owns all of the special-use domain names.[244]

Name | Entity  | Notes  | IDN

|
|
|

.example |  | Not installed as a domain name, but usable in text as an example.
(example.com, example.net, and example.org are also reserved for this purpose but are active sites.)  | Un­known
.internal |  | Not installed as a domain name, but usable in private and internal networks. | Un­known
.invalid |  | Not installed as a domain name, but usable in testing as a domain which wouldn't work. | Un­known
.local |  | Local network. Must be used with multicast DNS (mDNS).[245] | Un­known
.localhost |  | Points back to own computer. | Un­known
.onion |  | Connection to the Tor network. | Un­known
.test |  | Meant for testing DNS software. | Un­known

## Non-IANA domains

[edit]

Besides the TLDs managed (or at least tracked) by IANA or ICANN, other independent groups have created, or had attempted to create, their own TLDs with varying technical specifications, functions, and outcomes.

### Internet Engineering Task Force proposals for local TLDs

[edit]

The IETF has submitted several requests for comments on TLDs that could be used to represent local devices and services.

Name | RFC  | Notes

|
|

.home.arpa  | RFC 8375[246] | A special-use domain for non-unique use in residential home networks.
.internal | RFC 6762 Appendix G[247] | ICANN has registered this top-level domain for private use.[248]
.intranet  | The IETF does not recommend use of unregistered top-level domains at all, but should network operators decide to do this, the following top-level domains have been used on private internal networks without the problems caused by trying to reuse ".local" for this purpose.
.private
.corp  | Mentioned by ICANN for causing a name collision.[249]
.home
.lan  | Many routers automatically append ".lan" to local device hostnames, including those that use OpenWrt.

### Blockchain-registered

[edit]

Blockchain-based domains are registered and exchanged using a public blockchain like Ethereum. Oftentimes, these domains serve specific functions such as creating human-readable references to smart contract addresses used in DApps or personal wallet addresses.[250] Generally, these non-standard domains are unreachable through the normal DNS resolution process and instead require clients to use some sort of transparent web proxy or gateway to access them

Name | Blockchain | Notes

|
|

N/A  | Handshake  | Handshake is both an alternative DNS root zone and a domain name-centric blockchain meant for managing TLDs in a decentralized way which allows virtually any domain to be registered as a TLD by end users. The project intends to be a more resilient and distributed implementation of the global root zone without needing a centralized organization, like ICANN, to manage or operate it. However, it doesn't aim to outright replace the existing root zone, as it reserves all existing TLDs so that a query for wikipedia.org, for example, that is sent to a Handshake node can be redirected to the traditional root.[251]
.eth | Ethereum  | Domains under the .eth TLD are primarily used as human-readable aliases to Ethereum wallet addresses, rather than IP addresses,[252] though some efforts into expanding the use of .eth into the traditional DNS space have been made.
.crypto, .zil | Ethereum, Zilliqa  | Both .crypto and .zil aim to make cryptocurrency wallet address resolution easier, with the exception that, unlike the other examples mentioned here, the two TLDs are the product of a for-profit company, Unstoppable Domains, that markets the domains as an alternative DNS root despite being entirely dependent on the traditional root zone.[253]
.bit | Namecoin  | Namecoin's .bit TLD technically operates as a single-domain DNS root, though has historically peered with the OpenNIC root zone to provide greater accessibility. The popularity and usage of .bit domains is much lower than the other projects mentioned, despite it being the earliest example. This is primarily due to the negative reputation Namecoin has garnered after .bit domains became popular for sharing and distributing illegal or illicit content such as malware, which ultimately prompted OpenNIC to end its peering agreement and stop serving the TLD in its root zone in 2018.[254]
.xlm | Stellar  | Soroban domain allows Stellar's blockchain addresses to be shortened as a .xlm address using a Soroban smart contract.[255]

### Alternate roots

[edit]

In the case of alternative DNS roots, organizations or projects make use of the same mechanisms of the DNS but instead take on the role of ICANN in managing and administering an entirely separate root zone, thus having the ability to create new TLDs independently. However, this doesn't make these domains any less isolated from the rest of the internet, though the ability for clients to resolve them theoretically only requires switching to a recursive DNS resolver that recognizes and serves records underneath the alternate root zone.

Name | Root  | Notes

|
|

N/A  | Handshake  | The list of registered TLDs on the Handshake blockchain is too large and dynamic to enumerate here.
.bbs .chan .cyb .dyn .geek .gopher .indy .libre .neo .null .o .oss .oz .parody .pirate | OpenNIC  |
.fur | FurNIC  |
.lib .coin .emc .bazar | Emercoin  |
.ku .te .ti .uu .ko .rm | New Nations  |

## See also

[edit]

* Top-level domain
* Country code top-level domain
* Generic top-level domain
* IDN Test TLDs
* ISO 3166-1 alpha-2, the standard for two-letter country codes, which most ccTLDs are based on
* Proposed top-level domain
* Second-level domain, information about .co.jp, .co.uk, .co.kr, .co.nf, etc.
* Public Suffix List

## Explanatory notes

[edit]

1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag Domain registry is operated by United TLD Holdco Ltd. t/a Rightside Registry, a subsidiary of the Rightside Group.
2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s Operated by Charleston Road Registry, Inc., a subsidiary of Google. See [1].
3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p A subsidiary of Minds + Machines Group (formerly Top Level Domain Holdings.)

### Internet Domain Notes

[edit]

1. ^ Operating as Binky Moon, LLC
2. ^ Operating as Binky Moon, LLC
3. ^ Operating as Steel Falls, LLC
4. ^ Operating as Baxter Hill, LLC
5. ^ Operating as Half Hallow, LLC
6. ^ Operating as Grand Hollow, LLC
7. ^ Operating as Over Galley, LLC
8. ^ Operating as Atomic Madison, LLC
9. ^ Operating as Spring Cross, LLC
10. ^ Operating as Half Sunset, LLC
11. ^ Operating as Atomic Maple, LLC
12. ^ Operating as Delta Dynamite, LLC
13. ^ Operating as Delta Mill, LLC
14. ^ Operating as Foggy Hollow, LLC
15. ^ Operating as Goose Cross, LLC
16. ^ Operating as Wild Corner, LLC
17. ^ Operating as Delta Lake, LLC
18. ^ Operating as New Falls, LLC
19. ^ Operating as Tin Mill, LLC
20. ^ Operating as Sand Cover, LLC
21. ^ Operating as Holly Fields, LLC
22. ^ Operating as Snow Sky, LLC
23. ^ Operating as Black Corner, LLC
24. ^ Operating as Fox Shadow, LLC
25. ^ Operating as Goose Park, LLC
26. ^ Operating as Steel Lake, LLC
27. ^ Operating as Puff Willow, LLC
28. ^ Operating as Trixy Cover, LLC
29. ^ Operating as Fox Orchard, LLC
30. ^ Operating as Silver Avenue, LLC
31. ^ Operating as Pine Mill, LLC
32. ^ Operating as Pine House, LLC
33. ^ Operating as Fox Dynamite, LLC
34. ^ Operating as Magic Woods, LLC
35. ^ Operating as Koko Lake, LLC
36. ^ Operating as Snow Shadow, LLC
37. ^ Operating as Binky Frostbite, LLC
38. ^ Operating as Spring Way, LLC
39. ^ Operating as Pine Fest, LLC
40. ^ Operating as Sand Sunset, LLC
41. ^ Operating as Steel Station, LLC
42. ^ Operating as Tin Birch, LLC
43. ^ Operating as John Edge, LLC
44. ^ Operating as Dash Park, LLC
45. ^ Operating as Half Trail, LLC
46. ^ Operating as Extra Madison, LLC
47. ^ Operating as Holly Hill, LLC
48. ^ Operating as Sugar Cross, LLC
49. ^ Operating as Brice Way, LLC
50. ^ Operating as Spring Madison, LLC
51. ^ Operating as Binky Birch, LLC
52. ^ Operating as Romeo Canyon.
53. ^ Operating as Snow Oaks, LLC
54. ^ Operating as Corn Station, LLC
55. ^ Operating as Trixy Park, LLC
56. ^ Operating as Pioneer Maple, LLC
57. ^ Operating as Spring Falls, LLC
58. ^ Operating as Magic Pass, LLC
59. ^ Operating as Victor Beach, LLC
60. ^ Operating as Atomic Pipe, LLC
61. ^ Operating as Just Maple, LLC
62. ^ Operating as Cotton Cypress, LLC
63. ^ Operating as Just Cover, LLC
64. ^ Operating as Fox Woods, LLC
65. ^ Operating as Brice Orchard, LLC
66. ^ Operating as Fox Station, LLC
67. ^ Operating as Half Cypress, LLC
68. ^ Operating as John Dale, LLC
69. ^ Operating as John Castle, LLC
70. ^ Operating as Lone Fields, LLC
71. ^ Operating as Sugar House, LLC
72. ^ Operating as Top Level Design
73. ^ Operating as Goose Sky, LLC
74. ^ Operating as Black Cover, LLC
75. ^ Operating as Over Madison, LLC
76. ^ Operating as Corn Sunset, LLC
77. ^ Operating as Snow Moon, LLC
78. ^ Operating as Pioneer Cypress, LLC
79. ^ Operating as Silver Glen, LLC
80. ^ Operating as John Madison, LLC
81. ^ Operating as Goose Woods, LLC
82. ^ Operating as Sugar Park, LLC
83. ^ Operating as Outer House, LLC
84. ^ Operating as Outer Maple, LLC
85. ^ Operating as Pioneer Willow, LLC
86. ^ Operating as Wild Way, LLC
87. ^ Operating as Holly Glen, LLC
88. ^ Operating as Just Goodbye, LLC
89. ^ Operating as Pine Moon, LLC
90. ^ Operating as Victor Trail, LLC
91. ^ Operating as Trixy Oaks, LLC
92. ^ Operating as John McCook, LLC
93. ^ Operating as Big Fest, LLC
94. ^ Operating as Hidden Frostbite, LLC
95. ^ Operating as June Woods, LLC
96. ^ Operating as John Goodbye, LLC
97. ^ Operating as Fern Pass, LLC
98. ^ a b Operating as Dog Beach, LLC
99. ^ Operating as Grand Glen, LLC
100. ^ Operating as Dog Beach, LLC
101. ^ Operating as Trixy Manor, LLC
102. ^ Operating as Magic Glen, LLC
103. ^ Operating as Sea Goodbye, LLC
104. ^ Operating as Sugar Glen, LLC
105. ^ Operating as Sea Corner, LLC
106. ^ Operating as Foggy Sky, LLC
107. ^ Operating as Foggy Moon, LLC
108. ^ Operating as Snow Galley, LLC
109. ^ Operating as Spring Tigers, LLC
110. ^ Operating as Afilias Domains No. 5 Limited.
111. ^ Operating as Magic Birch, LLC
112. ^ Operating as Big Pass, LLC
113. ^ Operating as Grand Island, LLC
114. ^ Operating as Big Hollow, LLC
115. ^ Operating as Lone Sunset, LLC
116. ^ Operating as Binky Glen, LLC
117. ^ Operating as Snow Avenue, LLC
118. ^ Operating as Little Galley, LLC
119. ^ Operating as Fox Castle, LLC
120. ^ Operating as Binky Galley, LLC
121. ^ Operating as Fern Madison, LLC
122. ^ Operating as Ruby Town, LLC
123. ^ Operating as Silver Cover, LLC
124. ^ Operating as Atomic Fields, LLC
125. ^ Operating as Half Falls, LLC
126. ^ Operating as Grand Orchard, LLC
127. ^ Operating as Tin Avenue, LLC
128. ^ Operating as Dash Cypress, LLC
129. ^ Operating as Victor Frostbite, LLC
130. ^ Operating as Delta Orchard, LLC
131. ^ Operating as New Cypress, LLC
132. ^ Operating as Outer Moon, LLC
133. ^ Operating as Auburn Bloom, LLC
134. ^ Operating as Pioneer Tigers, LLC

## Citations

[edit]

1. ^ a b c "IANA — Root Zone Database". iana.org. Retrieved 31 May 2020.
2. ^ a b "IANA's list of TLDs in machine-readable format". Iana.org. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
3. ^ "Daily TLD DNSSEC Report". icann.org. ICANN. 31 May 2020. Archived from the original on 25 March 2019. Retrieved 31 May 2020.
4. ^ "Root Zone file". Retrieved 20 June 2020.
5. ^ "IANA root zone database". Iana.org. Retrieved 10 November 2015.
6. ^ "Root Zone Database". iana.org. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
7. ^ National Research Council, Committee on Internet Navigation and the Domain Name System: Technical Alternatives and Policy Implications; National Research Council, Computer Science and Telecommunications Board (7 August 2005). Signposts in Cyberspace: The Domain Name System and Internet Navigation. National Academies Press. ISBN 978-0-309-09640-9. `{{cite book}}`: `|author1=` has generic name (help)
8. ^ J. Postel; J. Reynolds (October 1984). Domain requirements. Network Working Group. doi:10.17487/RFC0920. RFC 920. Status Unknown.
9. ^ a b J. Postel (March 1994). Domain Name System Structure and Delegation. Network Working Group. doi:10.17487/RFC1591. RFC 1591. Informational.
10. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p "FFM acquired by GRS, immediate price changes". 3 September 2018.
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26. ^ "Why .BLUE?". Dotblue.blue. Archived from the original on 21 October 2014. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
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28. ^ "Amazon Registry". www.registry.amazon.
29. ^ "Transfer Report for cam". www.iana.org. Retrieved 2 February 2023.
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31. ^ ".CEO Domain Names : .CEO Domains : Register New TLDs". dynadot.com. Retrieved 19 November 2014.
32. ^ "DotClub FAQ - DotClub". Retrieved 25 May 2014.
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34. ^ ".cyou - A New Domain Extension For Gen Z individuals And Brands". shortdot.bond. 3 March 2020. Retrieved 19 May 2021.
35. ^ "Transfer Report for cyou". www.iana.org. Retrieved 19 May 2021.
36. ^ Who is .eco for? .eco Registry. Retrieved 26 June 2017.
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40. ^ §18.b.iv, application for .FLY, ICANN. Accessed on line 21 November 2014.
41. ^ ".foo". Icannwiki.org. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
42. ^ ".game Domain Delegation Data". www.iana.org. Retrieved 1 September 2024.
43. ^ "Setting a Higher Bar: Our .gay Commitment Is an Industry-First". www.circleid.com.
44. ^ "Why .GDN". Retrieved 15 June 2023.
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46. ^ "Resources". Icann.org. Archived from the original on 17 October 2014. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
47. ^ Acceptable use and anti-abuse policy Archived 25 November 2014 at archive.today, nic.green, accessed on line 24 November 2014.
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49. ^ get.hiphop
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52. ^ "What is .jobs?". Nic.jobs. Archived from the original on 20 February 2008. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
53. ^ "Join Law FAQ". join.law. Retrieved 23 September 2017.
54. ^ "Check website's whois information".
55. ^ ".link Official - Uniregistry". Nic.link. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
56. ^ ".living Domain Delegation Data". www.iana.org. Retrieved 1 September 2024.
57. ^ "Uniregistry extensions and domains". Retrieved 26 December 2015.
58. ^ "ICANN Application ID: 1-1255-64246". icann.org. Retrieved 24 January 2024.
59. ^ ".music Domain Delegation Data". www.iana.org. Retrieved 1 September 2024.
60. ^ a b "Registration Policies | OnGood".
61. ^ "ntt Registration Policies". Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation. Retrieved 25 August 2022.
62. ^ "TLD Registration Policies — Registration Policy - .OPEN" (PDF). American Express Travel Related Services Co., Inc. (nic.open). Retrieved 3 July 2020.
63. ^ ".ORGANIC Eligibility". Archived from the original on 29 November 2014. Retrieved 18 September 2014.
64. ^ nic.pharmacy Archived 25 February 2015 at the Wayback Machine, accessed on line 1 December 2014.
65. ^ ".photo Domain Delegation Data". www.iana.org. Retrieved 1 September 2024.
66. ^ "physio - Network Information Centre". Nic.physio. Retrieved 8 January 2018.
67. ^ ".physio Eligibility Policy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 November 2014. Retrieved 4 November 2014.
68. ^ UPU. "Description of TLD Policies: Criteria for Registration". E17. Retrieved 1 January 2013.
69. ^ UPU. "Description of TLD Policies:TLD String". E2. Retrieved 1 January 2013. "Only ASCII characters are used"
70. ^ ".pro Domain Delegation Data". www.iana.org. Retrieved 28 October 2023.
71. ^ ".qpon Domain Delegation Data". www.iana.org. Retrieved 1 September 2024.
72. ^ ".quebec Domain Delegation Data". www.iana.org. Retrieved 1 September 2024.
73. ^ NAR Announces Launch of .REALTOR Top-Level Domain Archived 14 December 2014 at the Wayback Machine, realtor.org. Accessed on line 2 December 2014.
74. ^ "Why .RED?". Get.red. Archived from the original on 12 February 2015. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
75. ^ nic.reit. Retrieved 2 December 2014.
76. ^ "CentralNic Account Manager". Manage.centralnic.com. Archived from the original on 9 November 2017. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
77. ^ "A respectful domain name for remembering loved ones". Retrieved 29 December 2014.
78. ^ "scholarships Registry Agreement". ICANN. Retrieved 8 January 2018.
79. ^ "Scholarships Domain Names | The .Scholarships Registry". Nic.scholarships. Retrieved 8 January 2018.
80. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 July 2015. Retrieved 21 April 2015.`{{cite web}}`: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
81. ^ Telnic. "IDN.tel". Archived from the original on 2 May 2010. Retrieved 2 September 2010.
82. ^ "Termination of the Registry Agreement for .UCONNECT" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 5 December 2019.
83. ^ ".volvo Registration Policy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 September 2021. Retrieved 18 May 2021.
84. ^ ".VOTE Registration Policy". Archived from the original on 18 December 2014. Retrieved 18 December 2014.
85. ^ "Zodiac Holdings Limited". En.nic.wang. Archived from the original on 21 October 2014. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
86. ^ "Daily list of new gTLD domain name registrations". Retrieved 10 November 2014.
87. ^ "Weirdest new gTLD launch yet? .wed launches with a single registrar". DomainIncite - Domain Name News & Opinion. 18 March 2014. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
88. ^ ".WED Third Level Extensions". Atgron, Inc Introduces .WED. A New Top Level Domain for Your Wedding. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
89. ^ "Resources". Icann.org. Archived from the original on 10 October 2014. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
90. ^ "New TLDs this week: .London, .Global and more". Domain Name Wire - Domain Name News & Views. Archived from the original on 12 October 2014. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
91. ^ "关于拟注销北京千橡网景科技发展有限公司".ren"顶级域域名注册管理机构许可的公示" (in Chinese). 9 December 2019. Retrieved 9 December 2019.
92. ^ §5, Policy for the Registration of .reise Domain Names Archived 20 February 2020 at the Wayback Machine, dotreise GmbH. Accessed on line 2 December 2014.
93. ^ "'Immo' as abbreviation for 'immobiliën'". Archived from the original on 12 August 2016. Retrieved 13 September 2016.
94. ^ ".VOTO Registration Policy". Archived from the original on 18 December 2014. Retrieved 18 December 2014.
95. ^ "Registrant FAQs". Archived from the original on 18 December 2014. Retrieved 18 December 2014.
96. ^ General Eligibility Requirements and Principles for the new .LAW and .ABOGADO top-level domains Archived 29 November 2014 at the Wayback Machine, accessed on line 20 November 2014.
97. ^ "Why choose .LTDA?". .LTDA advantages. Archived from the original on 6 October 2014.
98. ^ "IANA — Repository of IDN Practices". iana.org. Retrieved 2 December 2014.
99. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay "Delegated Strings". Newgtlds.icann.org. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
100. ^ a b "Chinese government buys 20,000 new IDN domain names". Domain Name Wire - Domain Name News & Views. 19 March 2014. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
101. ^ ".政府 - ICANNWiki". Retrieved 17 September 2023.
102. ^ "Google Registry – Google". Retrieved 21 October 2014.
103. ^ "Report on the Delegation of the .বাংলা ("bangla") domain representing Bangladesh in Bengali script to the Ministry of Posts, Telecommunications and Information Technology, Posts and Telecommunications Division". www.iana.org. Retrieved 31 December 2022.
104. ^ "Internationalized Domain Names (IDNs) | Registry.In". www.registry.in. Retrieved 19 December 2021.
105. ^ ".africa Domain Frequently Asked Questions". .africa - Registry Africa. 16 May 2020. Archived from the original on 16 May 2020. Retrieved 16 May 2020.
106. ^ "dotCapeTown - .CapeTown - The new domain extension for the City of Cape Town". Nic.capetown. Archived from the original on 30 June 2014. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
107. ^ "dotDurban - .Durban - The new domain extension for the City of Durban". Nic.durban. Archived from the original on 8 August 2014. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
108. ^ "dotJoburg - .Joburg - The new domain extension for the City of Johannesburg". Nic.joburg. Archived from the original on 18 December 2014. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
109. ^ IANA - .krd Domain Delegation Data, IANA. Accessed on line 24 November 2014.
110. ^ .krd Network Information Centre, accessed on line 24 November 2014.
111. ^ "About .kyoto". The Kyoto College of Graduate Studies for Informatics. Archived from the original on 10 October 2017. Retrieved 9 October 2017.
112. ^ "「.nagoya」名古屋のための新ドメイン". GMOドメインレジストリ株式会社. Archived from the original on 21 October 2014. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
113. ^ IANA - .okinawa Domain Delegation Data, IANA. Accessed on line 25 August 2022.
114. ^ IANA - .ryukyu Domain Delegation Data, IANA. Accessed on line 1 December 2014.
115. ^ ".taipei Net Top City". Archived from the original on 5 November 2014. Retrieved 4 November 2014.
116. ^ "「.tokyo」東京のための新ドメイン". GMOドメインレジストリ株式会社. Archived from the original on 4 September 2014. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
117. ^ "「.yokohama」横浜のための新ドメイン". GMOドメインレジストリ株式会社. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
118. ^ "Book your extension .alsace".
119. ^ ".BZH - L'extension internet de la Bretagne". .BZH - L'extension internet de la Bretagne.
120. ^ a b ".eus Domeinua - .eus - Euskara eta Euskal Kultura Interneten". Nic.eus. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
121. ^ ".paris Registration Policy" (PDF). cdn.paris.fr. Retrieved 27 September 2023.
122. ^ (in Catalan) Fundació punt CAT | A Internet, el català és .cat. Registra ara un domini i identifica’t amb el teu .cat. Fundacio.cat. Retrieved 25 May 2014.
123. ^ "Dominio .gal". Dominio.gal. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
124. ^ IANA - .madrid Domain Delegation Data, IANA. Accessed on line 24 November 2014.
125. ^ "Startseite - .bayern - Das Web wird weiß-blau". nic.bayern.
126. ^ (in German) berlin Top-Level-Domain Archived 18 December 2014 at the Wayback Machine. Nic.berlin. Retrieved 25 May 2014.
127. ^ "The New TLDS .koeln & .cologne". Dot.cologne. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 September 2014. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
128. ^ "The New TLDS .koeln & .cologne". Dot.koeln. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 October 2014. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
129. ^ IANA - .nrw Domain Delegation Data, IANA. Accessed on line 26 November 2014.
130. ^ ".ruhr". Dot.ruhr. 5 September 2014. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
131. ^ "dotSaarland GmbH". Retrieved 28 October 2014.
132. ^ EURid.
133. ^ amsterdam Top-Level-Domain.
134. ^ ".brussels is now in the root! - DNS Belgium". Nic.brussels. Archived from the original on 18 December 2014. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
135. ^ a b ".cymru .wales Our Home Online". Retrieved 4 November 2014.
136. ^ (in Dutch) frl Top-Level-Domain. Nic.frl. Retrieved 5 September 2014.
137. ^ "Official website of .GENT". Retrieved 4 November 2014.
138. ^ "The New London Code". Nic.london. Archived from the original on 18 December 2014. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
139. ^ "About TLDs .MOSCOW and .МОСКВА - dotMoscow: .MOSCOW and .МОСКВА TLDs for Russian Capital". Nic.moscow. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
140. ^ "Register .scot domains - Calico .scot domains - dotscot is the new Scottish top level domain". Calico.scot. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
141. ^ "Zonemaster växer.stockholm". Zonemaster. The Swedish Internet Foundation.
142. ^ "Zuteilung und Verwaltung der Domain-Namen der zweiten Ebene, die der Internet-Domain ".swiss" untergeordnet sind" (in German). BAKOM. Retrieved 6 March 2019.
143. ^ "Mission". Tatar Internet. Retrieved 4 November 2014.
144. ^ "Tirol Domain" (in German). Retrieved 25 November 2014.
145. ^ ".vlaanderen is now in the root! - DNS Belgium". Nic.vlaanderen. Archived from the original on 21 October 2014. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
146. ^ ".wien: punktwien". Nic.wien. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
147. ^ ".zuerich Registry Operator Website". Retrieved 17 June 2015.
148. ^ "Register domain in .su zone". Retrieved 4 June 2024.
149. ^ IANA - .miami Domain Delegation Data, IANA. Accessed on line 25 November 2014.
150. ^ ".NYC Domain Name Extension - Official Website". .NYC - The Official Website for the Ultimate New York City Address. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
151. ^ ".QUEBEC". Retrieved 21 October 2014.
152. ^ "Dot Vegas, Inc". Archived from the original on 3 September 2014. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
153. ^ "Why .kiwi?". Hello.kiwi. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
154. ^ Twenty4. "nic.melbourne - Home page". nic.melbourne. Retrieved 21 October 2014.`{{cite web}}`: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
155. ^ IANA - .sydney Domain Delegation Data, IANA. Accessed on line 2 December 2014.
156. ^ ".LAT Domain - About us". Archived from the original on 3 September 2015. Retrieved 13 August 2015.
157. ^ ".LAT Domain - FAQs". Archived from the original on 3 September 2015. Retrieved 13 August 2015.
158. ^ "IANA - .rio Domain Delegation Data". Archived from the original on 9 December 2014. Retrieved 1 December 2014.
159. ^ IANA - .佛山 Domain Delegation Data, IANA. Accessed on line 2 December 2014.
160. ^ "О фонде | Foundation for Assistance for Internet Technologies and Infrastructure Development". `{{cite web}}`: Check `|url=` value (help)
161. ^ ".abc Domain Registration - .abc Domains - American Broadcasting Companies, Inc. Domain Name .abc - Register American Broadcasting Companies, Inc. Domain Name .abc". 101domain.com. Retrieved 22 July 2018.
162. ^ IANA — .allfinanz Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 19 November 2014.
163. ^ IANA — .android Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 19 November 2014.
164. ^ IANA — .aquarelle Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 2 December 2014.
165. ^ "dotAXA: AXA Group New Online Space" (PDF). Domains.axa. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
166. ^ a b "Barclays begins using .Barclays and .Barclaycard top level domains". 15 May 2015. Retrieved 8 August 2015.
167. ^ "FIBA launches .basketball as new digital identity of the global basketball community" (Press release). FIBA. 15 June 2017. Archived from the original on 2 July 2018. Retrieved 2 July 2018.
168. ^ IANA — .bloomberg Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 19 November 2014.
169. ^ "Home dotBMW registry operator". nic.bmw. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
170. ^ IANA — .bnl Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 26 June 2015.
171. ^ "nic.bnpparibas". Retrieved 4 November 2014.
172. ^ "IANA — .bradesco Domain Delegation Data". iana.org. Retrieved 3 November 2016.
173. ^ IANA — .cal Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 19 November 2014.
174. ^ IANA — .caravan Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 19 November 2014.
175. ^ IANA — .cern Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 20 November 2014.
176. ^ IANA — .chrome Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 20 November 2014.
177. ^ "中国中信集团有限公司". Nic.citic. Archived from the original on 26 February 2019. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
178. ^ IANA — .crs Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 20 November 2014.
179. ^ IANA — .cuisinella Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 20 November 2014.
180. ^ IANA — .dnp Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 20 November 2014.
181. ^ IANA — .dvag Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 20 November 2014.
182. ^ IANA — .edeka Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 10 October 2016.
183. ^ IANA — .emerck Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 20 November 2014.
184. ^ IANA — .everbank Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 2 December 2014.
185. ^ IANA — .firmdale Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 24 November 2014.
186. ^ IANA — .flsmidth Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 21 November 2014.
187. ^ "Using the .frogans gTLD". Nic.frogans. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
188. ^ IANA — .gbiz Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 21 November 2014.
189. ^ IANA — .gle Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 21 November 2014.
190. ^ ".globo". Nic.globo. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
191. ^ IANA — .gmail Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 21 November 2014.
192. ^ IANA — .gmo Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 21 November 2014.
193. ^ IANA — .gmx Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 21 November 2014.
194. ^ IANA — Delegation Record for .GOOG. Accessed on line 3 October 2018.
195. ^ IANA — .google Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 21 November 2014.
196. ^ ".hsbc". Retrieved 15 August 2015.
197. ^ IANA — .ibm Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 24 November 2014.
198. ^ IANA — .kred Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 24 November 2014.
199. ^ IANA — .lacaixa Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 25 November 2014.
200. ^ IANA — .latrobe Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 2 December 2014.
201. ^ a b This domain has been delegated to IRI Domain Management, LLC, a subsidiary of Intellectual Reserve, Inc., which is owned and operated by the LDS Church.
202. ^ IANA — .lds Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 21 November 2014.
203. ^ "IANA — .leclerc Domain Delegation Data". iana.org. Retrieved 18 June 2019.
204. ^ "MANGO". Nic.mango. Archived from the original on 14 February 2015. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
205. ^ "Home dotMINI registry operator". Nic.mini. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
206. ^ ".monash - Network Information Centre". Nic.monash. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
207. ^ "New gTLD Program : InitialEvaluation Report : Report Date: 10 May 2013" (PDF). Newgtlds.icann.org. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
208. ^ IANA — .mormon Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 21 November 2014.
209. ^ "Neustar Launches New TLD .Neustar". Nic.neustar. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
210. ^ IANA — .nhk Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 26 November 2014.
211. ^ ".nico - The Brand TLD for Dwango Co., Ltd". Dwango Co., Ltd. Retrieved 2 November 2015.
212. ^ IANA — .nra Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 26 November 2014.
213. ^ IANA — .otsuka Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 26 November 2014.
214. ^ "The New OVH Code" (PDF). Nic.ovh. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
215. ^ "NIC PIAGET". Archived from the original on 18 January 2018. Retrieved 17 March 2015.
216. ^ IANA — .pohl Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 1 December 2014.
217. ^ IANA — .praxi Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 1 December 2014.
218. ^ IANA — .prod Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 1 December 2014.
219. ^ NIC PwC. Accessed on line 1 December 2014.
220. ^ "Site:.SANDVIKCOROMANT - Google Search". Archived from the original on 29 October 2018. Retrieved 26 January 2016.
221. ^ ".sap - ICANNWiki". icannwiki.org. Retrieved 23 May 2017.
222. ^ ".sca". Archived from the original on 29 December 2018. Retrieved 4 November 2014.
223. ^ IANA — .schmidt Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 2 December 2014.
224. ^ IANA — .seek Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 20 July 2016.
225. ^ IANA — .sohu Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 2 December 2014.
226. ^ IANA — .spiegel Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 2 December 2014.
227. ^ IANA — .suzuki Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 2 December 2014.
228. ^ IANA — .tui Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 19 November 2014.
229. ^ IANA — .uol Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 2 December 2014.
230. ^ IANA — .williamhill Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 2 December 2014.
231. ^ IANA — .wme Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 2 December 2014.
232. ^ IANA — .wtc Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 2 December 2014.
233. ^ "This is .yandex". Nic.yandex. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 July 2014. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
234. ^ IANA — .youtube Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 2 December 2014.
235. ^ ".亚马逊 Domain Delegation Data". www.iana.org. Retrieved 28 June 2024.
236. ^ ".アマゾン Domain Delegation Data". www.iana.org. Retrieved 28 June 2024.
237. ^ "Nic.中信". nic.中信. Archived from the original on 6 March 2015. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
238. ^ IANA — .vermögensberater Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 1 December 2014.
239. ^ IANA — .vermögensberatung Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 1 December 2014.
240. ^ IANA — .グーグル Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 24 November 2014.
241. ^ IANA — .谷歌 Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 24 November 2014.
242. ^ "DNSViz — 诺基亚 Retired 2022-12-06". dnsviz.net. Retrieved 7 December 2022.
243. ^ "WHOIS 서비스란?". Whois.nic. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
244. ^ "Special-use domain names". Iana.org. Retrieved 8 January 2018.
245. ^ Multicast DNS. Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). doi:10.17487/RFC6762. RFC 6762.
246. ^ Pfister, Pierre; Lemon, Ted (May 2018). "RFC: 8375 Special-Use Domain 'home.arpa.'". IETF Datatracker. Retrieved 8 February 2024.
247. ^ Cheshire, Stuart; Krochmal, Marc (February 2013). "RFC: 6762 Multicast DNS Appendix G. Private DNS Namespaces". IETF Datatracker. Retrieved 8 February 2024.
248. ^ "Approved Resolutions | Special Meeting of the ICANN Board | 29 July 2024". ICANN. 31 July 2024. Retrieved 9 August 2024.
249. ^ "ICANN Name Collision". ICANN Wiki. Retrieved 8 February 2024.
250. ^ Werbach, Kevin (11 December 2018). The Blockchain and the New Architecture of Trust. MIT Press. ISBN 978-0-262-34978-9.
251. ^ "A crypto project to make internet names censorship-proof is now live". MIT Technology Review. Retrieved 2 August 2021.
252. ^ "The Gold Rush Is on for Ethereum Domain Names". www.vice.com. 11 May 2017. Retrieved 2 August 2021.
253. ^ Francisco, Kieren McCarthy in San. "Sucks to be you, ICANN. We can go our own way: Opera to support sites using renegade top-level domain .crypto". www.theregister.com. Retrieved 2 August 2021.
254. ^ Cimpanu, Catalin. "OpenNIC drops support for .bit domain names after rampant malware abuse". ZDNet. Retrieved 2 August 2021.
255. ^ Tupui, Tupui. "Soroban Domains".

## External links

[edit]

* IANA's list of TLDs in machine-readable format
* Verisign's "Domain Name Industry Brief" site, with reports and dashboards
* The Public Suffix List / PSL – Maintained by Mozilla
* Registry Agreements at ICANN
* Registry Agreement Termination Info Page at ICANN

* v
* t
* e

Notable generic top-level domains

Current

| General|

* .bar
* .biz
* .blog
* .cam
* .cloud
* .club
* .college
* .com
* .fun
* .gay
* .gdn
* .global
* .guru
* .inc
* .info
* .kaufen
* .lgbt
* .name
* .mobi
* .moe
* .monster
* .net
* .ngo/.ong
* .one
* .online
* .ooo
* .org
* .pro
* .sexy
* .shop
* .site
* .tech
* .top
* .video
* .wiki
* .wtf
* .xyz

|

Sponsored|

* .aero
* .amazon
* .app
* .art
* .bank
* .bible
* .cern
* .coop
* .design
* .dev
* .eco
* .edu
* .google
* .gov
* .hiv
* .int
* .jobs
* .kids
* .kiwi
* .kosher
* .mil
* .museum
* .post
* .radio
* .realtor
* .tel
* .travel
* .xxx

Geographic|

* .africa
* .alsace
* .amsterdam
* .asia
* .barcelona
* .bcn
* .berlin
* .brussels
* .bzh
* .cat
* .cymru
* .eu
* .eus
* .frl
* .gal
* .gent
* .irish
* .ist
* .istanbul
* .koeln
* .krd
* .lat
* .london
* .melbourne
* .nyc
* .paris
* .quebec
* .rio
* .saarland
* .scot
* .sydney
* .taipei
* .tokyo
* .vegas
* .vlaanderen
* .wales
* .wien
* .zuerich

Infrastructure|

* .arpa

Deleted/retired|

* .nato

Reserved|

* .example
* .internal
* .invalid
* .local
* .localhost
* .onion
* .test

Proposed

| Language and
nationality|

* .eng
* .ker
* .nai
* .sic

|

Technical|

* .geo
* .mail
* .web

Other|

* .kid
* .music

* Category
* Full list
* Country code top-level domains

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