List of Iranian artifacts abroad

History of Greater Iran

Pre-Islamic

BCE / BC |  Prehistory|

|

Kura–Araxes culture|  c. 3400 – c. 2000
Helmand culture/Jiroft culture|  3300-2200
Proto-Elamite civilization|  3200–2800
Elamite dynasties|  2800–550
Lullubi/Zamua|  3100-675
Marhaši|  2550-2020
Bactria–Margiana Complex|  2400–1700
Gutian Dynasty|  2141-2050
Avestan period|  c. 1500 BCE – 500 BCE
Kingdom of Mannai|  10th–7th century
Neo-Assyrian Empire|  911–609
Urartu|  860–590
Median Empire|  728–550
Scythian Kingdom|  652–625
Achaemenid Empire|  550–330
Ancient kingdom of Armenia|  331 BCE – 428 CE
Seleucid Empire|  330–150
Caucasian Iberia|  c. 302 BCE – 580 CE
Greco-Bactrian Kingdom|  250–125
Parthian Empire|  248 BCE–224 CE
Caucasian Albania|  2nd century BCE –
8th century CE
Roman Empire|  27 BCE – 330 CE
CE / AD

* * *

Kushan Empire|  30–275

|

Sasanian Empire|  224–651
Afrighid dynasty|  305–995
Hephthalite Empire|  425–557
Kabul Shahi kingdom|  565–879
Dabuyid dynasty|  642–760
Bagratid Armenia|  880s – 1045
Alania|  8th/9th century – 1238 / 9
Kingdom of Georgia|  1008–1490

Islamic

|  Rashidun Caliphate|  637–651

|

Umayyad Caliphate|  661–750
Abbasid Caliphate|  750–1258
Shirvanshah|  799–1607
Tahirid dynasty|  821–873
Dulafid dynasty|  840–897
Zaydis of Tabaristan|  864–928
Saffarid dynasty|  861–1003
Samanid Empire|  819–999
Sajid dynasty|  889/90–929
Ziyarid dynasty|  928–1043
Buyid dynasty|  934–1055
Sallarid dynasty|  941–1062
Ghaznavid Empire|  975–1187
Ghurid dynasty|  pre-879 – 1215
Seljuk Empire|  1037–1194
Khwarazmian dynasty|  1077–1231
Sultanate of Rum|  1077–1307
Salghurids|  1148–1282
Ilkhanate|  1256–1353
Kart dynasty|  1231–1389
Ottoman Empire|  1299–1923
Muzaffarid dynasty|  1314–1393
Chupanid dynasty|  1337–1357
Jalairid Sultanate|  1339–1432
Timurid Empire|  1370–1507
Qara Qoyunlu Turcomans|  1407–1468
Aq Qoyunlu Turcomans|  1378–1508
Safavid Empire|  1501–1722
Mughal Empire|  1526–1857
Hotak dynasty|  1722–1729
Afsharid Iran|  1736–1750
Zand dynasty|  1750–1794
Durrani Empire|  1794–1826
Qajar Iran|  1794–1925

* v
* t
* e

List of Iranian artifacts abroad is a list of Iranian and Persian antiquities outside Iran, especially in museums.[1][2][3] Most of these were found outside modern Iran, in parts of the former Persian Empire, or places influenced by it.

## Neighbors of Iran during the Achaemenid period

[edit]

### Afghanistan

[edit]

1. Tillya Tepe often known as the Bactrian gold is a collection of about 20,600 ornaments, coins and other kinds of artifacts, made of gold, silver, ivory etc., that were found in six burial mounds (five women and one man) with extremely rich jewelry, dated to around the 1st century BCE-1st century CE.[4] The ornaments include necklaces set with semi-precious stones, belts, medallions and a crown. After its discovery, the hoard went missing during the wars in Afghanistan, until it was "rediscovered" and first brought to public attention again in 2003. The heavily fortified town of Yemshi Tepe, just five kilometres to the northeast of modern Sheberghan on the road to Akcha, is only half a kilometre from the now-famous necropolis of Tillia-tepe.[1]
2. Buddhas of Bamiyan For half a century, through war, anarchy and upheaval, Afghanistan has been stripped of tens of thousands of Buddhist and Hindu antiquities, 33 of those antiquities, were handed over to the Afghan ambassador,at a ceremony in New York.

The artifacts were part of a hoard of 2,500 objects seized in a dozen raids between 2012 and 2014 from Subhash Kapoor, a disgraced Manhattan art dealer currently jailed in India on smuggling and theft charges.[2]

### Gallery

[edit]

* Aphrodite and Eros. Tomb II, Tillia tepe.

* Statuette of winged figurine

* Cloth decorations.

* Bracelets.

* Decorative stars. Tomb I.

* Amorini riding on fish, Tillia tepe. Tomb II.

* Rings from Tillia tepe; the left one represents a seated Athena. Tomb II.

* Necklace. Tomb II.

* "Kings with dragons". Tomb II.

* Men in armor, in Greek fighting gear. Tomb III.

* "Akinakes" polylobed decorated daggers. Tomb IV.

* Dyonisos and Ariadne riding a lion. Tomb VI.

### Anatolia (Turkey)

[edit]

Xerxes Cuneiform Van

Xerxes I inscription at Van[5] is a trilingual cuneiform inscription of the Achaemenid King Xerxes I (r. 486–465 BC).[6][7] is located on the southern slope of a mountain adjacent to the Van Fortress, near Lake Van in present-day Turkey.[7] When inscribed it was located in the Achaemenid province of Armenia.[6] The inscription is inscribed on a smoothed section of the rock face near the fortress, approximately 20 metres (70 feet) above the ground. The niche was originally carved out by Xerxes' father, King Darius (r. 522–486 BC), but he left the surface blank.[8][7]

* A Persian city unearthed During the Oluz Höyük excavations in Amasya, column bases of a 2 thousand 500-year-old palace from the Persian period were unearthed. which reflects the Persian cultural character in terms of architecture, pottery and small finds, is divided into two main phases A and B. The head of the excavation, Professor of Archeology at Istanbul University, stated that they deepened the work after finding the remains of the city's road, mansion and fire temple. Dr. Şevket Dönmez said, “For the first time this year, a colonnaded reception hall called 'Apadana', a throne hall, and an executive hall began to come to light. We are just at the beginning of the excavations. But even the current findings are very exciting, ”he said.Emphasizing that the finds are very important in terms of Anatolian Iron Age history, Anatolian Ancient history and Persian archeology, Prof. Dr. Dönmez said, “Very important findings that identify and make it unique. Currently 6 column We have revealed the pedestal. Prof. Dr. Dönmez said, "Before we started the excavation, we did not know what such a Persian city we would find. Neither such a temple, nor such a reception hall. We did not guess anything. We would just dig an ordinary Central Anatolian mound and solve the problems of Iron Age culture by ourselves. Believe it now, the whole world has begun to follow Oluz Höyük. I think that after Göbeklitepe, Anatolia started to become a very important center that changed the history of religion in Anatolia. [3]

### Tbilisi

[edit]

Atashgah’. It means ‘place of fire’ and its use is usually associated with Zoroastrian fire temples. The history of the Atashgah in the capital city of Tbilisi goes back to the 5th or 6th century, when Persia was ruled by the Sasanian dynasty, of which Georgia was a part. [4] Also Treasure of Persian Manuscripts at Dagestan Scientific Centre.

## Europe and the United States

[edit]

The Cyrus Cylinder in Room 52 of the British Museum in London Persian manuscript Nimatnama-i-Nasiruddin-Shahi explain how the samosas being cooked Persian angel 1555

The Metropolitan Museum of Art displays ancient Persian artifacts. Among the oldest items on display are dozens of clay bowls, jugs and engraved coins dating back 3,500 years and formerly housed in the University of Chicago's famed Oriental Institute.[9]

1. United Kingdom – Museums in UK have many Persian artifacts among them British Museum

The Cyrus Cylinder is an ancient clay cylinder, now broken into several pieces, on which is written a declaration in Akkadian cuneiform script in the name of Persia's Achaemenid king Cyrus the Great.[10][8] It dates from the 6th century BC and was discovered in the ruins of Babylon in Mesopotamia (modern Iraq) in 1879.[10] It was created and used as a foundation deposit following the Persian conquest of Babylon in 539 BC, when the Neo-Babylonian Empire was invaded by Cyrus and incorporated into his own empire. It is currently in the possession of the British Museum, which sponsored the expedition that discovered the cylinder.

1. France :The Louvre's department of Near Eastern antiquities was established in 1881 and presents an overview of early Near Eastern civilization and "first settlements", before the arrival of Islam. The department is divided into three geographic areas: the Levant, Mesopotamia (Iraq), and Persia (Iran). The collection's development corresponds to archaeological work such as Paul-Émile Botta's 1843 expedition to Khorsabad and the discovery of Sargon II's palace.[11][12] These finds formed the basis of the Assyrian museum, the precursor to today's department.[11]

The museum contains exhibits from Sumer and the city of Akkad, with monuments such as the Prince of Lagash's Stele of the Vultures from 2450 BC and the stele erected by Naram-Sin, King of Akkad, to celebrate a victory over barbarians in the Zagros Mountains. The 2.25-metre (7.38 ft) Code of Hammurabi, discovered in 1901, displays Babylonian Laws prominently, so that no man could plead their ignorance. The 18th-century BC mural of the Investiture of Zimrilim and the 25th-century BC Statue of Ebih-Il found in the ancient city-state of Mari are also on display at the museum.[citation needed] The Persian portion of Louvre contains work from the archaic period, like the Funerary Head and the Persian Archers of Darius I.[11][13] The section also contains rare objects from Persepolis which were lent to the British Museum for its Ancient Persia exhibition in 2005.[3]

## Oxus treasure

[edit]

Gold statuettes carrying barsoms, with a rider behind, Oxus Treasure

The Oxus treasure (Persian: گنجینه آمودریا) is a collection of about 180 surviving pieces of metalwork in gold and silver, the majority rather small, plus perhaps about 200 coins, all from the Achaemenid Persian period. The collection was found by the Oxus River sometime between 1877 and 1880.[14] The exact place of the find remains unclear but is often proposed as being near Kobadiyan, Tajikistan.[15] It is likely that many other pieces from the hoard were melted down for bullion; early reports suggest there were originally some 1500 coins and mention types of metalwork that are not among the surviving pieces. The metalwork is believed to date from the sixth to fourth centuries BC, but the coins show a greater range, with some of those believed to belong to the treasure coming from around 200 BC.[16] The most likely origin for the treasure is that it belonged to a temple, where votive offerings were deposited over a long period. How it came to be deposited is unknown.[17]

The British Museum now has nearly all the surviving metalwork, with one of the pair of griffin-headed bracelets on loan from the Victoria and Albert Museum, and displays them in Room 52. The group arrived at the museum by different routes, with many items bequeathed to the nation by Augustus Wollaston Franks. The coins are more widely dispersed, and more difficult to firmly connect with the treasure. A group believed to come from it is in the Hermitage Museum in Saint Petersburg, and other collections have examples.[18]

## Japan

[edit]

The Miho Museum houses Mihoko Koyama's private collection of Asian Achaemenid, Sassanid and Western antiques bought on the world market by the Shumei organization in the years before the museum was opened in 1997. There are over two thousand pieces in the permanent collection, of which approximately 250 are displayed at any one time.[19] Among the objects in the collection are more than 1,200 objects that appear to have been produced in Achaemenid Central Asia.[20] Some scholars have claimed these objects are part of the Oxus Treasure, lost shortly after its discovery in 1877 and rediscovered in Afghanistan in 1993.[21] The presence of a unique findspot for both the Miho acquisitions and the British Museum's material, however, has been challenged.[22]

The Tokyo National Museum preserves a variety of Iranian antiquities and works of art, including pottery, paintings, calligraphy, metalwork, sculpture, inlaid pottery and textiles.[5] [6].

## Gallery

[edit]

* Proto-Elamite cylinder seal (Louvre Museum)

* Orant figure of Susa IV (Louvre Museum)

* Carnelian beads (Louvre Museum)

* Weight in veined jasper (Louvre Museum)

* Iranian male royal figure (Metropolitan Museum of Art)

* Persian objects (Metropolitan Museum of Art)

* Artifacts of Tall-i Bakun in University of Chicago Oriental Institute

## See also

[edit]

* Antiochus cylinder
* Babylonian Chronicles
* Babylonian Map of the World
* Cylinders of Nabonidus
* Cyrus Cylinder
* Gilgamesh flood myth
* Greater Iran
* Jar of Xerxes I
* Kurkh Monoliths
* Lachish reliefs
* Lakh Mazar
* Library of Ashurbanipal
* Lion Hunt of Ashurbanipal
* Persian Inscriptions on Indian Monuments
* Rassam cylinder
* Sennacherib's Annals
* Tall-i Bakun
* Xerxes I inscription at Van

## Notes

[edit]

1. ^ "Persian antiquities found in almost all museums worldwide". Tehran times. 2014. Retrieved 20 November 2020.
2. ^ "Iranian artifacts Abroad". parssea.org. 2018. Archived from the original on 2018-08-31. Retrieved 12 November 2020.
3. ^ a b "Forgotten Empire: The World of Ancient Persia". University of California Press. 2006. Archived from the original on 9 November 2011. Retrieved 12 November 2007.
4. ^ Srinivasan, Doris (2007). On the Cusp of an Era: Art in the Pre-Kuṣāṇa World. BRILL. p. 16\. ISBN 9789004154513.
5. ^ Dusinberre 2013, p. xxi.
6. ^ a b Dusinberre 2013, p. 51.
7. ^ a b c Khatchadourian 2016, p. 151.
8. ^ a b Kuhrt (2007), pp. 70, 72, 301
9. ^ Persian art in the collection of the Museum of Oriental Art, WorldCat
10. ^ a b Dandamayev, (2010-01-26)
11. ^ a b c Nave, pp. 42–43
12. ^ Mignot, pp. 119–21
13. ^ "Decorative Arts". Musée du Louvre. Archived from the original on 20 October 2007. Retrieved 20 May 2008.
14. ^ Curtis, 5
15. ^ "East of Termez, on the Kafirnigan River, on the territory of Tajikistan, lies the small town of Kobadiyan, near which was found in the late 1870s one of the most famous treasures of all time, the so-called treasure of Oxus." in Knobloch, Edgar (2001). Monuments of Central Asia: A Guide to the Archaeology, Art and Architecture of Turkestan. Bloomsbury Academic. p. 150\. ISBN 978-1-86064-590-7.
16. ^ Curtis, 48, 57-58
17. ^ Curtis, 58-61
18. ^ Curtis, 48
19. ^ Reif, Rita (16 August 1998). "ARTS/ARTIFACTS; A Japanese Vision of the Ancient World". The New York Times. Retrieved 13 August 2010.
20. ^ Curtis, John (1 September 2004). "The Oxus Treasure in the British Museum". Ancient Civilizations from Scythia to Siberia. 10 (3): 334. doi:10.1163/1570057042596397.
21. ^ Southampton, Kathy Judelson; Pichikyan, I.R. (1 January 1998). "Rebirth of the Oxus Treasure: Second Part of the Oxus Treasure From the Miho Museum Collection". Ancient Civilizations from Scythia to Siberia. 4 (4): 306–383 [308–309]. doi:10.1163/157005797X00126.
22. ^ Muscarella, Oscar White (1 November 2003). "Museum Constructions of the Oxus Treasures: Forgeries of Provenience and Ancient Culture". Ancient Civilizations from Scythia to Siberia. 9 (3): 259–275\. doi:10.1163/157005703770961778.259-275&rft.date=2003-11-01&rft_id=info:doi/10.1163/157005703770961778&rft.aulast=Muscarella&rft.aufirst=Oscar+White&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:List+of+Iranian+artifacts+abroad" class="Z3988">

## References

[edit]

* 5,000 years of Iranian culture showcased,BN Goswamy [7]
* [8]
* [9]
* Iranian Artifacts Abroad [10]

## Bibliography

[edit]

* Forgotten Empire: The World of Ancient Persia by John Curtis (Editor), Nigel Tallis.
* Ancient Persia: A Concise History of the Achaemenid Empire, 550–330 BCE Paperback – Illustrated, January 20, 2014 by Matt Waters (Author).
* Boardman, Sir John, "The Oxus Scabbard", Iran, Vol. 44, (2006), pp. 115–119, British Institute of Persian Studies, JSTOR
* Collon, Dominique, "Oxus Treasure", Grove Art Online, Oxford Art Online, Oxford University Press, accessed 4 July 2013, subscription required.
* Curtis, John, The Oxus Treasure, British Museum Objects in Focus series, 2012, British Museum Press, ISBN 9780714150796
* Curtis, John, "The Oxus Treasure in the British Museum", Ancient Civilizations from Scythia to Siberia, Vol. 10 (2004), pp. 293–338
* "Curtis and Tallis", Curtis, John and Tallis, Nigel (eds), Forgotten Empire - The World of Ancient Persia (catalogue of British Museum exhibition), 2005, University of California Press/British Museum, ISBN 9780714111575, google books
* Dalton, O.M., The Treasure Of The Oxus With Other Objects From Ancient Persia And India, 1905 (nb, not the final 3rd edition of 1963), British Museum, online at archive.org, catalogs 177 objects, with a long introduction.
* Frankfort, Henri, The Art and Architecture of the Ancient Orient, Pelican History of Art, 4th ed 1970, Penguin (now Yale History of Art), ISBN 0140561072
* Mongiatti, Aude; Meeks, Nigel & Simpson, St John (2010). "A gold four-horse model chariot from the Oxus Treasure: a fine illustration of Achaemenid goldwork" (PDF). The British Museum Technical Research Bulletin. 4. British Museum: 27–38\. ISBN 9781904982555.27-38&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=9781904982555&rft.aulast=Mongiatti&rft.aufirst=Aude&rft.au=Meeks,+Nigel&rft.au=Simpson,+St+John&rft_id=http://www.britishmuseum.org/pdf/BMTRB4%20Mongiatti.pdf&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:List+of+Iranian+artifacts+abroad" class="Z3988">
* Muscarella, Oscar White, Archaeology, Artifacts and Antiquities of the Ancient Near East: Sites, Cultures, and Proveniences, 2013, BRILL, ISBN 9004236694, 9789004236691, google books
* Yamauchi, Edwin M., review of The Treasure of the Oxus with Other Examples of Early Oriental Metal-Work, Journal of the American Oriental Society, Vol. 90, No. 2 (Apr. - Jun., 1970), pp. 340–343, JSTOR
* "Zeymal": "E. V. Zeymal (1932-1998)", obituary by John Curtis, Iran, Vol. 37, (1999), pp. v-vi, British Institute of Persian Studies, JSTOR
* Arberry, A.J. (1953). The Legacy of Persia. Oxford: Clarendon Press. ISBN 978-0-19-821905-7. OCLC 1283292.
* Arnold, Bill T.; Michalowski, Piotr (2006). "Achaemenid Period Historical Texts Concerning Mesopotamia". In Chavelas, Mark W. (ed.). The Ancient Near East: Historical Sources in Translation. London: Blackwell. ISBN 978-0-631-23581-1.
* Bedford, Peter Ross (2000). Temple Restoration in Early Achaemenid Judah. Leiden: Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-11509-5.
* Beaulieu, P.-A. (Oct 1993). "An Episode in the Fall of Babylon to the Persians". Journal of Near Eastern Studies. 52 (4): 241–261\. doi:10.1086/373633. S2CID 162399298.241-261&rft.date=1993-10&rft_id=info:doi/10.1086/373633&rft_id=https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:162399298#id-name=S2CID&rft.aulast=Beaulieu&rft.aufirst=P.-A.&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:List+of+Iranian+artifacts+abroad" class="Z3988">
* Becking, Bob (2006). ""We All Returned as One!": Critical Notes on the Myth of the Mass Return". In Lipschitz, Oded; Oeming, Manfred (eds.). Judah and the Judeans in the Persian period. Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns. ISBN 978-1-57506-104-7.
* Bidmead, Julye (2004). The Akitu Festival: Religious Continuity And Royal Legitimation In Mesopotamia. Piscataway, NJ: Gorgias Press LLC. ISBN 978-1-59333-158-0.
* Briant, Pierre (2006). From Cyrus to Alexander: A History of the Persian Empire. Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbraun. ISBN 978-1-57506-120-7.
* Brown, Dale (1996). Persians: Masters of Empire. Alexandra, VA: Time-Life Books. ISBN 978-0-8094-9104-9.
* Buchanan, G. (1964). "The Foundation and Extension of the Persian Empire". In Bury, J.B.; Cook, S.A.; Adcock, F.E. (eds.). The Cambridge Ancient History: IV. The Persian Empire and the West. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. OCLC 57550495.
* Curtis, John; Tallis, Nigel; André-Salvini, Béatrice (2005). Forgotten Empire: The World of Ancient Persia. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-24731-4.
* Dandamaev, M.A. (1989). A political history of the Achaemenid Empire. Leiden: Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-09172-6.
* Daniel, Elton L. (2000). The History of Iran. Westport, CT: Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-313-30731-7.
* Dick, Michael B. (2004). "The "History of David's Rise to Power" and the Neo-Babylonian Succession Apologies". In Batto, Bernard Frank; Roberts, Kathryn L.; McBee Roberts, Jimmy Jack (eds.). David and Zion: Biblical Studies in Honor of J.J.M. Roberts. Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns. ISBN 978-1-57506-092-7.
* Dusinberre, Elspeth R. M. (2013). Empire, Authority, and Autonomy in Achaemenid Anatolia. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1107577152.
* Dyck, Jonathan E. (1998). The Theocratic Ideology of the Chronicler. Leiden: Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-11146-2.
* Fowler, Richard; Hekster, Olivier (2005). Imaginary kings: royal images in the ancient Near East, Greece and Rome. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag. ISBN 978-3-515-08765-0.
* Free, Joseph P.; Vos, Howard Frederic (1992). Vos, Howard Frederic (ed.). Archaeology and Bible history. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan. ISBN 978-0-310-47961-1.
* Fried, Lisbeth S. (2004). The priest and the great king: temple-palace relations in the Persian Empire. Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns. ISBN 978-1-57506-090-3.
* Grabbe, Lester L. (2004). A History of the Jews and Judaism in the Second Temple Period: Yehud, the Persian Province of Judah. London: Continuum International Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-567-08998-4.
* Grabbe, Lester L. (2006). "The "Persian Documents" in the Book of Ezra: Are They Authentic?". In Lipschitz, Oded; Oeming, Manfred (eds.). Judah and the Judeans in the Persian period. Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns. ISBN 978-1-57506-104-7.
* Hallo, William (2002). Hallo, William; Younger, K. Lawson (eds.). The Context of Scripture: Monumental inscriptions from the biblical world. Vol. 2\. Leiden: Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-10619-2.
* Haubold, Johannes (2007). "Xerxes' Homer". In Bridges, Emma; Hall, Edith; Rhodes, P.J. (eds.). Cultural Responses to the Persian Wars: Antiquity to the Third Millennium. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-927967-8.
* Hilprecht, Hermann Volrath (1903). Explorations in Bible lands during the 19th century. Philadelphia: A.J. Molman and Company.
* Janzen, David (2002). Witch-hunts, purity and social boundaries: the expulsion of the foreign women in Ezra 9–10. London: Sheffield Academic Press. ISBN 978-1-84127-292-4.
* Khatchadourian, Lori (2016). Imperial Matter: Ancient Persia and the Archaeology of Empires. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0520964952.
* Koldewey, Robert; Griffith Johns, Agnes Sophia (1914). The excavations at Babylon. London: MacMillan & co.
* Kuhrt, Amélie (1982). "Babylonia from Cyrus to Xerxes". In Boardman, John (ed.). The Cambridge Ancient History: Vol IV – Persia, Greece and the Western Mediterranean. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-22804-6.
* Kuhrt, Amélie (1983). "The Cyrus Cylinder and Achaemenid imperial policy". Journal for the Study of the Old Testament. 25. ISSN 1476-6728.
* Kuhrt, Amélie (2007). The Persian Empire: A Corpus of Sources of the Achaemenid Period. London: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-43628-1.
* Kuhrt, Amélie (2007b). "Cyrus the Great of Persia: Images and Realities". In Heinz, Marlies; Feldman, Marian H. (eds.). Representations of Political Power: Case Histories from Times of Change and Dissolving Order in the Ancient Near East. Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns. ISBN 978-1-57506-135-1.
* Lincoln, Bruce (2007). Religion, empire and torture: the case of Achaemenian Persia, with a postscript on Abu Ghraib. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-48196-8.
* Llewellyn-Jones, Lloyd (2009). "The First Persian Empire 550–330BC". In Harrison, Thomas (ed.). The Great Empires of the Ancient World. Getty Publications. p. 104\. ISBN 978-0-89236-987-4.
* Mallowan, Max (1968). "Cyrus the Great (558-529 B.C.)". In Frye, Richard Nelson; Fisher, William Bayne (eds.). The Cambridge History of Iran. Vol. 2, The Median and Achaemenian periods. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-20091-2. OCLC 40820893.
* Mitchell, T.C. (1988). Biblical Archaeology: Documents from the British Museum. London: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-36867-4.
* Pahlavi, Mohammed Reza (1967). The White Revolution of Iran. Imperial Pahlavi Library.
* Pritchard, James Bennett, ed. (1973). The Ancient Near East, Volume I: An Anthology of Texts and Pictures. Princeton: Princeton University Press. OCLC 150577756.
* Shabani, Reza (2005). Iranian History at a Glance. Mahmood Farrokhpey (trans.). London: Alhoda UK. ISBN 978-964-439-005-0.
* van der Spek, R.J. (1982). "Did Cyrus the Great introduce a new policy towards subdued nations? Cyrus in Assyrian perspective". Persica. 10. OCLC 499757419.
* Walker, C.B.F. (1972). "A recently identified fragment of the Cyrus Cylinder". Iran: Journal of the British Institute of Persian Studies. 10 (10): 158–159\. doi:10.2307/4300475. ISSN 0578-6967. JSTOR 4300475.158-159&rft.date=1972&rft.issn=0578-6967&rft_id=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4300475#id-name=JSTOR&rft_id=info:doi/10.2307/4300475&rft.aulast=Walker&rft.aufirst=C.B.F.&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:List+of+Iranian+artifacts+abroad" class="Z3988">
* Wiesehöfer, Josef (2001). Ancient Persia: From 550 BC to 650 AD. London: I.B. Tauris. ISBN 978-1-86064-675-1.
* Weissbach, Franz Heinrich (1911). Die Keilinschriften der Achämeniden. Vorderasiatische Bibliotek (in German). Leipzig: J. C. Hinrichs.
* Winn Leith, Mary Joan (1998). "Israel among the Nations: The Persian Period". In Coogan, Michael David (ed.). The Oxford History of the Biblical World. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-513937-2.
* Farrokh, Kaveh (2007). "Cyrus the Great and early Achaemenids". Shadows in the Desert: Ancient Persia at War. Oxford: Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84603-108-3.
* Lauren, Paul Gordon (2003). "Philosophical Visions: Human Nature, Natural Law, and Natural Rights". The Evolution of International Human Rights: Visions Seen. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 978-0-8122-1854-1.

* v
* t
* e

Achaemenid Empire

History|

* Family tree
* Timeline
* History of democracy

Art|

* Achaemenid Persian Lion Rhyton
* Oxus Treasure
* Achaemenid coinage
* Apadana hoard
* Danake
* Daric

Architecture|

* Persepolis
* Apadana
* Gate of All Nations
* Tachara
* Palace of Darius in Susa
* Tomb of Cyrus
* Persian column
* Naqsh-e Rostam
* Ka'ba-ye Zartosht
* Mausoleum at Halicarnassus
* Tombs at Xanthos
* Harpy Tomb
* Nereid Monument
* Tomb of Payava

Culture|

* Achaemenid music
* Old Persian cuneiform
* Old Persian
* Behistun Inscription
* Xerxes I's inscription at Van
* Ganjnameh
* Cyrus Cylinder

Warfare|

* Persian Revolt
* Battle of Hyrba
* Battle of the Persian Border
* Lydian-Persian Wars
* Battle of Pteria
* Battle of Thymbra
* Siege of Sardis (547 BC)
* Battle of Opis
* Conquest of the Indus Valley
* First conquest of Egypt
* Scythian campaign of Darius I
* Greco-Persian Wars
* Ionian Revolt
* Siege of Naxos (499 BC)
* Battle of Lade
* Siege of Eretria
* Battle of Marathon
* Battle of Thermopylae
* Battle of Artemisium
* Destruction of Athens
* Battle of Salamis
* Battle of Plataea
* Battle of Mycale
* Babylonian revolts
* Wars of the Delian League
* Battle of the Eurymedon
* Peloponnesian War
* Battle of Cyzicus
* Battle of Cunaxa
* Corinthian War
* Battle of Cnidus
* Great Satraps' Revolt
* Second conquest of Egypt
* Wars of Alexander the Great
* Battle of the Granicus
* Siege of Miletus
* Siege of Halicarnassus
* Battle of Issus
* Siege of Tyre (332 BC)
* Siege of Gaza
* Battle of Gaugamela
* Battle of the Persian Gate

Diplomacy|

* Earth and water
* Peace of Callias
* Peace of Antalcidas

Administration|

* Capitals
* Pasargadae
* Ecbatana
* Babylon
* Susa
* Satrapies
* Armenia
* Districts of the Empire
* Persepolis Administrative Archives
* Royal Road
* Chapar Khaneh
* Angarium
* Angarum

Dynasties|

* Achaemenid
* Pharnacid
* Mithridatic
* Pontus
* Ariarathid
* Cappadocia
* Lygdamid
* Caria
* Orontid
* Armenia
* Seven Achaemenid clans

Related|

* 2,500-year celebration of the Persian Empire
* Xanthian Obelisk
* Cappadocian calendar

* v
* t
* e

History of Central Asia

Polities|

* Mal'ta–Buret' culture
* Yamnaya culture
* Afanasievo culture
* Sintashta culture
* Vakhsh culture
* Bactria–Margiana Archaeological Complex
* Saka
* Andronovo culture
* Tagar culture
* Uyuk culture
* Pazyryk culture
* Massagetae
* Median Empire
* Achaemenid Empire
* Macedonian Empire
* Seleucid Empire
* Greco-Bactrian Kingdom
* Guiyi Circuit
* Yuezhi
* Xiongnu
* Kushan Empire
* Kushano-Sasanians
* Kidarites
* Alchon Huns
* Hephthalites
* Tocharians
* Ustrushana
* Khuttal
* Ferghana
* First Turkic Khaganate
* Western Turks
* Tang dynasty (Anxi Protectorate)
* Ikhshids of Sogdia
* Tokhara Yabghus
* Turk Shahis
* Oghuz Yabgus
* Second Turkic Khaganate
* Uyghur Khaganate
* Abbasid Caliphate
* Tahirid dynasty
* Saffarid dynasty
* Samanids
* Ma'munids
* Farighunids
* Ghaznavids
* Great Seljuq Empire
* Ghurid Empire
* Khwarazmian Empire
* Mongol Empire
* Chagatai Khanate
* Golden Horde
* Ilkhanate
* Sufi dynasty
* Kart dynasty
* Timurid Empire
* Principality of Fergana
* Khanate of Bukhara
* Durrani Empire
* Khanate of Khiva
* Chinese Turkestan
* Russian Turkestan
* Soviet Central Asia
* Chinese Central Asia

Culture|

* Central Asian art
* Silk Road
* Silk Road transmission of art
* Silk Road transmission of Buddhism
* Serindian art

Archaeology|

| Southern Russia|

* Sintashta
* Arzhan kurgan
* Pazyryk burials
* Salbyk kurgan
* Filippovka kurgans

|

Western China|

* Bulayïq
* Kucha
* Kizil Caves
* Kizilgaha caves
* Kumtura Caves
* Subashi Temple
* Dunhuang
* Miran
* Niya
* Rawak
* Mogao Caves
* Tumshuq
* Bezeklik Caves
* Dunhuang Caves
* Loulan
* Khotan
* Kashgar
* Beshbalik

Mongolia|

* Noin-Ula burial site

Kazakhstan|

* Begash
* Issyk kurgan
* Jankent
* Karsakpay inscription
* Kerderi
* Krasnyi Yar
* Merke Turkic Sanctuaries
* Otrar
* Petroglyphs of Arpa-Uzen
* Petrovka settlement
* Boralday
* Sawran
* Shilikty
* Steppe Geoglyphs
* Sumbe
* Talapty Settlement
* Turkistan (city)
* Urpek
* Mausoleum of Khoja Ahmed Yasawi
* Araltobe kurgan

Kyrgyzstan|

* Aigyr-Zhal 2
* Balasagun
* Burana Tower
* Issyk-Kul
* Koshoy Korgon
* Manas Ordo
* Navekat
* Özgön
* Shakh Fazil
* Suyab
* Tash Rabat

Uzbekistan|

* Afrasiyab
* Akchakhan-Kala
* Akhsikath
* Ancient Pap
* Ayaz-Kala
* Balalyk Tepe
* Burchmulla
* Dalverzin Tepe
* Desert castles of ancient Khorezm
* Fayaz Tepe
* Guldursun-Kala
* Hazorasp
* Itchan Kala
* Kafir-kala
* Kampir Tepe
* Kara Tepe
* Khalchayan
* Khiva
* Koi Krylgan Kala
* Koktepe
* Kyzyl-Kala
* Obi-Rakhmat Grotto
* Poykent
* Sarmishsay
* Shahrukhiya
* Siypantosh Rock Paintings
* Tavka Kurgan
* Toprak-Kala
* Varakhsha
* Zarautsoy Rock Paintings

Tajikistan|

* Bunjikat
* Penjikent
* Ajina tepe
* Cyropolis
* Kafir-kala
* Sarazm
* Takht-i Kuwad
* Takht-i Sangin
* Kalai Kafirnigan

Turkmenistan|

* Cave of Dzhebel
* Abiward
* Altyndepe
* Anau culture
* Anau
* Dev-Kesken
* Gonur Depe
* Jeitun
* Konye-Urgench
* Kutlug Timur Minaret
* Merv
* Monjukli Depe
* Namazga-Tepe
* Nisa
* Togolok
* Ulug Depe

Afghanistan|

* Tepe Fullol
* Ai-Khanoum
* Dilberjin Tepe
* Hadda
* Tapa Shotor
* Chakhil-i-Ghoundi
* Shotorak
* Paitava
* Bimaran
* Tapa-i Kafariha
* Mes Aynak
* Fondukistan
* Khair Khaneh
* Tapa Sardar
* Tepe Narenj
* Takht-e Rostam
* Tepe Fullol
* Tillya Tepe
* Yemshi Tepe
* Alexandria Prophthasia
* Aq Kupruk
* Asqalan
* Bactria–Margiana Archaeological Complex
* Buddhas of Bamiyan
* Chakhil-i-Ghoundi Stupa
* Darra-e Kur
* Dasht-e Nawar
* Dokhtar-i-Noshirwan
* Firozkoh
* Gawhar Shad Mausoleum
* Haji Piyada
* Khair Khaneh
* Mundigak
* Musalla Complex
* Nagara
* Qala-i-Jangi
* Rag-i-Bibi
* Surkh Kotal

Iran|

* Bandian complex
* Mount Khajeh
* Shahr-e Sukhteh

Artifacts|

* Sokh snakes
* Orlat plaques
* Hephthalite silver bowl
* Chilek silver bowl
* Gardez Ganesha
* Mogao Christian painting
* Murals from the Christian temple at Qocho
* Penjikent murals
* Sampul tapestry
* Sogdian Daēnās
* Oxus Treasure
* Bimaran Casket
* Buddhas of Bamiyan
* Kabul hoard
* Aramaic Inscription of Laghman
* Kandahar Aramaic inscription
* Pul-i-Darunteh Aramaic inscription
* Kandahar Bilingual Rock Inscription
* Kandahar Greek Edicts of Ashoka
* Afrasiab murals
* Stamp seal (BM 119999)
* Seal of Khingila
* Siberian Ice Maiden
* Ai-Khanoum plaque
* Saksanokhur gold buckle
* Boar hunter (Hermitage Museum)
* Siberian Collection of Peter the Great

* v
* t
* e

British Museum

Building|

* Great Court
* King's Library
* Round Reading Room

Departments
and objects|

| Africa, Oceania
and Americas|

* Akan Drum
* Aubin Codex
* Benin Bronzes
* Briggs Enigma
* Bronze Head from Ife
* Codex Kingsborough
* Double-headed serpent
* Hoa Hakananai'a
* Throne of Weapons
* Kayung totem pole
* Tree of Life
* Yaxchilan Lintel 24

|

Ancient Egypt
and Sudan|

* Battlefield Palette
* Colossal quartzite statue of Amenhotep III
* Colossal head of Amenhotep III
* El-Amra clay model of cattle
* Gebelein predynastic mummies
* Greenfield papyrus
* Hornedjitef
* Hunters Palette
* MacGregor plaque
* Min Palette
* Papyrus of Ani
* Prudhoe Lions
* Rhind Mathematical Papyrus
* Rosetta Stone
* Sphinx of Taharqo
* Amun in the form of a ram protecting King Taharqa
* Younger Memnon

Asia|

* Admonitions Scroll
* Aphsad inscription of Ādityasena
* Amaravati Marbles
* Ambika Statue from Dhar
* Amitābha Buddha from Hancui
* Bimaran casket
* Buddhapad Hoard
* Mogao Christian painting
* David Vases
* Dhaneswar Khera Buddha image inscription
* Hephthalite silver bowl
* Huixian Bronze Hu
* Jade terrapin from Allahabad
* Kakiemon elephants
* Kang Hou gui
* Kanishka casket
* Klang Bell
* Kulu Vase
* Mathura lion capital
* Miraculous Image of Liangzhou
* Percival David Foundation of Chinese Art
* Seated Buddha from Gandhara
* Stamp seal (BM 119999)
* Statue of Tara
* The Great Wave off Kanagawa
* Vishnu Nicolo Seal
* Wardak Vase

Greece
and Rome|

* Aegina Treasure
* Aineta aryballos
* Apollo of Cyrene
* Archangel ivory
* Arcisate Treasure
* Armento Rider
* Arundel Head
* Asclepius of Milos
* Barber Cup and Crawford Cup
* Bassae Frieze
* Beaurains Treasure
* Blacas Cameo
* Boscoreale Treasure
* Boy with Thorn
* Braganza Brooch
* Bronze head of Hypnos
* Burgon vase
* Bursa Treasure
* Campo Iemini Venus
* Carthage Treasure
* Caubiac Treasure
* Chaourse Treasure
* Chatsworth Head
* Chatuzange Treasure
* Choiseul-Gouffier Apollo
* Demeter of Knidos
* Dionysus Sardanapalus
* Discobolus
* Elgin Amphora
* Elgin Marbles
* Esquiline Treasure
* Euphorbos plate
* Farnese Diadumenos
* Guilford Puteal
* Harpy Tomb
* Herculean Sarcophagus of Genzano
* Isis Tomb
* Jennings Dog
* Lion of Knidos
* Lycurgus Cup
* Macmillan aryballos
* Mâcon Treasure
* Mainz Gladius
* Meroë Head
* Minoan Bull-leaper
* Nereid Monument
* Oscan Tablet
* Papyri of Oxyrhynchus
* 84
* 85
* 102
* 103
* Paramythia Hoard
* Pericles bust
* Petelia Gold Tablet
* Piranesi Vase
* Portland Vase
* Priene dedicatory inscription
* Priene edict inscription
* San Sosti Axe-Head
* Sant'Angelo Muxaro Patera
* Sarcophagus of Seianti Hanunia Tlesnasa
* Satala Aphrodite
* Stony Stratford Hoard
* Strangford Apollo
* Tomb of Payava
* Townley collection
* Antinous
* Caryatid
* Discobolus
* Hadrian
* Vase
* Venus
* Uerdingen Hoard
* Vaison Diadumenos
* Warren Cup
* Xanten Horse-Phalerae

Middle East|

* Ain Sakhri figurine
* Assyrian lion weights
* Balawat Gates
* Blacas ewer
* Uruk Trough
* Blau Monuments
* Palmer Cup
* Standard of Ur
* Ram in a Thicket
* Lyres of Ur
* Tell al-'Ubaid Copper Lintel
* White Obelisk
* Black Obelisk of Shalmaneser III
* Kition Necropolis Phoenician inscriptions
* Burney Relief
* Complaint tablet to Ea-nāṣir
* Tablet of Shamash
* Statue of Idrimi
* Babylonian Map of the World
* Rassam cylinder
* Cylinders of Nabonidus
* Cyrus Cylinder
* Flood tablet (Gilgamesh)
* Jar of Xerxes I
* Library of Ashurbanipal
* Lion Hunt of Ashurbanipal
* Oxus Treasure
* Taylor Prism
* Lachish reliefs
* Babylonian Chronicles
* Ur Box inscription
* Kurkh Monoliths
* Antiochus cylinder
* Nimrud ivories
* Phoenician metal bowls

Prehistory
and Europe|

* Boxwood altar
* Franks Casket
* Holy Thorn Reliquary
* Hoxne Hoard
* Lewis chessmen
* Lindow Man
* Mildenhall Treasure
* Ringlemere Cup
* Royal Gold Cup
* Seax of Beagnoth
* Sutton Hoo trove
* Sutton Hoo helmet
* Sutton Hoo purse-lid
* Swimming Reindeer
* Hedwig glass
* Vindolanda Tablets
* Lampsacus Treasure

Prints and
Drawings|

* Dürer's Rhinoceros
* Epifania
* I Modi
* Isabella Brant
* The Ancient of Days
* The Disasters of War
* The Tale of the Flopsy Bunnies
* Triumphal Arch

Other|

* Coins and Medals
* Conservation and Scientific Research
* Libraries and Archives
* Portable Antiquities and Treasure
* Rondanini Faun
* A History of the World in 100 Objects

Other|

* Blythe House
* British Museum Acts
* Dingwall Beloe Lectures
* Films shot at the British Museum
* Private Case
* Repatriation controversy
* Secretum
* Staff
* Directors
* Friends
* Keepers
* Royal Commission on the British Museum
* Trustees

* Category

* v
* t
* e

Iran topics

History

Prehistory

Ancient|

| 3400–539 BC|

* Kura-Araxes culture (3400–2000 BC)
* Proto-Elamite civilization (3100–2700 BC)
* Elamite dynasties (2700–540 BC)
* Akkadian Empire (c.2334 BC–c.2154 BC)
* Lullubi (c.2300–675 BC)
* Kassites (c.1595–c.1155 BC)
* Kingdom of Mannai (10th–7th century BC)
* Neo-Assyrian Empire (911–609 BC)
* Urartu (860 BC–590 BC)
* Median Empire (678–549 BC)
* Scythian Kingdom (652–625 BC)
* Neo-Babylonian Empire (626–539 BC)

|

550 BC–AD 224|

* Achaemenid Empire (550–330 BC)
* Atropatene (c.323 BC–AD 226)
* Kingdom of Armenia (321 BC–AD 428)
* Kingdom of Cappadocia (320s BC–AD 17)
* Seleucid Empire (312–63 BC)
* Frataraka (c.295–220 BC)
* Kingdom of Pontus (281 BC–AD 62)
* Parthian Empire (247 BC–AD 224)
* Kings of Persis (after 132 BC–AD 224)

AD 224–651|

* Sasanian Empire (AD 224–651)

Medieval and
early modern|

| 632–1090|

* Rashidun Caliphate (632–661)
* Umayyad Caliphate (661–750)
* Abbasid Caliphate (750–1258)
* Samanid dynasty (819–999)
* Tahirid dynasty (821–873)
* Alavid dynasty (864–928)
* Saffarid dynasty (861–1003)
* Ziyarid dynasty (931–1090)
* Buyid dynasty (934–1062)

|

977–1432|

* Ghaznavid Empire (977–1186)
* Ghurid dynasty (1011–1215)
* Seljuk Empire (1037–1194)
* Anushtegin dynasty (1077–1231)
* Eldiguzids (1135/36-1225)
* Kart dynasty (1244–1381)
* Ilkhanate (1256–1335)
* Muzaffarid dynasty (1314–1393)
* Jalayirid Sultanate dynasty (1335–1432)
* Chobanid dynasty (1338–1357)

1370–1925|

* Timurid Empire (1370–1507)
* Qara Qoyunlu Turcomans (1374–1468)
* Aq Qoyunlu Turcomans (1378–1508)
* Safavid Empire (1501–1736)
* Afsharid Empire (1736–1796)
* Zand Dynasty (1751–1794)
* Qajar Empire (1789–1925)
* Khanates of Azerbaijan (18th–20th centuries)
* Khanates of the Caucasus (18th–19th centuries)
* Persian Constitutional Revolution (1905–1911)
* 1908 bombardment of the Majlis
* Kurdish separatism in Iran (1918–)
* 1921 Persian coup d'état
* Arab separatism in Khuzestan (1922–2020)

Modern|

| 1925–1979|

* Pahlavi dynasty (1925–1979)
* Shatt al-Arab dispute (1936–1975)
* Iran crisis of 1946
* Insurgency in Balochistan (1948–)
* 1949 Iranian Constituent Assembly election
* 1953 coup d'état
* Iranian revolution (1979)

|

Islamic Republic
1979–present|

* History (1979–)
* Interim Government (1979)
* March 1979 Iranian Islamic Republic referendum
* 1979 Khuzestan insurgency
* Iran hostage crisis (1979–1981)
* December 1979 Iranian constitutional referendum
* Iranian Embassy siege (1980)
* Nojeh coup plot (1980)
* Iran–Iraq War (1980–88)
* Interim Government of Iran (1981)
* 1987 Mecca incident
* Iran Air Flight 655 shootdown (1988)
* KDPI insurgency (1989–1996)
* PJAK conflict (2004–)
* 2009 Iranian presidential election protests
* Syrian civil war (2011–)
* International military intervention against the Islamic State (2014–)
* Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (2015)
* United States withdrawal (2018)
* 2017–2018 Iranian protests
* 2018–2019 Iranian general strikes and protests
* COVID-19 pandemic
* 2019 Sistan and Baluchestan protests
* 2019–2020 Iranian protests
* 2021 Sistan and Baluchestan protests
* 2021–2022 Iranian protests

See also|

* Ancient Persians
* Greater Iran
* Persianization
* Persianate society
* Turco-Persian
* Indo-Persian
* Iranic peoples
* languages
* Jiroft culture
* Aryans
* Azerbaijanis
* Peoples of the Caucasus
* Persians
* Monarchs of Persia
* Heads of state of Iran
* History of democracy in classical Iran
* Military history
* Electric history
* Years in Iran

Geography

* Borders
* Cities
* largest
* twin towns and sister cities
* Earthquakes
* Environmental issues
* Climate change
* Iranian Azerbaijan
* Iranian Balochistan
* Caspian Hyrcanian mixed forests
* Caucasus
* Iranian Kurdistan
* Iranian plateau
* Lake Urmia
* Islands
* Mountains
* Provinces
* Wildlife

Politics

| General|

* Censorship
* Constitution (Persian Constitutional Revolution)
* Corruption
* Elections (2009 presidential)
* Foreign relations
* Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran
* Human rights
* Children's rights
* LGBT
* Women's rights
* Judicial system
* Military (Army
* Air Force
* Navy)
* Ministry of Intelligence
* Cyberwarfare
* Nuclear program (UN Security Council Resolution 1747)
* Political parties
* Principlists
* Propaganda
* Reformists
* Terrorism (state-sponsorship allegations)
* White Revolution (1963)
* Women's rights movement

|

Councils|

* Assembly (or Council) of Experts
* Expediency Discernment Council
* Guardian Council
* Islamic Consultative Assembly (parliament)
* Local councils
* Supreme National Security Council

Officials|

* Ambassadors
* President
* Provincial governors
* Supreme Leader

Economy

| General|

* Bonyad (charitable trust)
* Brain drain
* Companies (Automotive industry)
* Child labour
* Corruption
* Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO)
* Economic history
* Economic Reform Plan
* Energy
* Environmental issues
* Foreign direct investment
* Intellectual property
* International oil bourse
* International rankings
* Iran and the World Trade Organization
* Taxation
* Main economic laws
* Economy of the Middle East
* Milad Tower and complex
* Military equipment manufactured
* Nuclear program (UN Security Council Resolution 1747)
* Privatization
* Rial (currency)
* Space Agency
* Setad
* Supreme Audit Court
* Tehran Stock Exchange
* Venture capital (Technology start-ups)

|

Sectors|

* Agriculture (fruit)
* Banking and insurance
* Central Bank
* Shetab Banking System
* Construction
* Defense
* Health care (Pharmaceuticals)
* Industry
* Mining
* Petroleum (Anglo-Persian Oil Company)
* Telecommunications and IT (TCI)
* Transport (airlines
* metro
* railways
* shipping)
* Tourism

State-owned
companies|

* Defense Industries Organization (DIO)
* Industrial Development and Renovation Organization (IDRO)
* Iran Aviation Industries Organization (IAIO)
* Iran Electronics Industries (IEI)
* National Iranian Oil Company (NIOC)
* National Development Fund

Places|

* Asaluyeh industrial corridor
* Chabahar Free Trade-Industrial Zone
* Kish Island Free Trade Zone
* Research centers

Society

| Demographics|

| Languages|

* Persian (Farsi)
* Armenian
* Azerbaijani
* Kurdish
* Hebrew
* Georgian
* Neo-Aramaic
* Iranian languages

|

Peoples|

* Iranian citizens (abroad)
* Ethnic minorities
* Armenians
* Assyrians
* Azerbaijanis
* Circassians
* Georgians
* Kurds
* Jews
* Turkmen

Religion|

* Islam
* Baháʼí Faith (persecution)
* Christianity
* Zoroastrians (persecution)
* Freedom of religion

Other|

* Corruption
* Crime
* Education (higher
* Intellectual movements
* scientists and scholars
* universities)
* International rankings
* Nationality
* Water supply and sanitation
* Women

Culture|

* Architecture (Achaemenid
* architects)
* Art (modern / contemporary)
* Astronomy
* Blogs
* Calendars (Persian New Year (Nowruz))
* Fashion
* Chicago Persian antiquities dispute
* Cinema
* Cuisine (wine)
* Folklore
* Intellectual movements
* Iranians
* Iranian studies
* Islam (Islamization)
* Literature
* Media (news agencies (student)
* newspapers)
* Mythology
* National Jewels
* National symbols (Imperial Anthem)
* Opium consumption
* Persian gardens
* Persian name
* Philosophy
* Public holidays
* Scouting
* Sport (football)

Music|

* Folk
* Jazz
* Pop
* Rap and hip-hop
* Rock
* Traditional
* Ey Iran

Other topics|

* Science and technology
* Anti-Iranian sentiment
* Tehrangeles

* Category
* Portal

*[c.]: circa
*[v]: View this template
*[t]: Discuss this template
*[e]: Edit this template
*[r.]: reigned