List of Roman dynasties

This is a list of the dynasties that ruled the Roman Empire and its two succeeding counterparts, the Western Roman Empire and the Eastern Roman Empire. Dynasties of states that had claimed legal succession from the Roman Empire are not included in this list.

## List of Roman dynasties

[edit]

Dynasty  | Period of rule  | Rulers[a]

|
|

Start  | End  | Term  | First to rule  | Last to rule  | List / Family tree
Dynasties of the Principate
Julio–Claudian dynasty | 27 BCE[1] | 68 CE[1] | 95 years  | Augustus | Nero | (list)

* * *

(tree)
Flavian dynasty | 69 CE[1] | 96 CE[1] | 27 years  | Vespasian | Domitian | (list)

* * *

(tree)
Nerva–Antonine dynasty[b] | 96 CE[2] | 192 CE[2] | 96 years  | Nerva | Commodus | (list)

* * *

(tree)
Severan dynasty | 193 CE[3] | 235 CE[3] | 41 years[c] | Septimius Severus | Severus Alexander | (list)

* * *

(tree)
Gordian dynasty | 238 CE[4] | 244 CE[4] | 6 years  | Gordian I | Gordian III | (list)

* * *

(tree)
Dynasties of the Dominate
Constantinian dynasty[d] | 305 CE[5] | 363 CE[5] | 58 years  | Constantius Chlorus
(Western)

* * *

Constantine I
(Eastern) | Julian
(Western & Eastern) | (list)

* * *

(tree)
Valentinianic dynasty | 364 CE[6] | 392 CE[6][e] | 28 years[e] | Valentinian I
(Western & Eastern) | Valens
(Eastern)

* * *

Valentinian II[e]
(Western) | (list)

* * *

(tree)
Theodosian dynasty | 379 CE[7] | 457 CE[7] | 78 years  | Theodosius I
(Western & Eastern) | Valentinian III
(Western)

* * *

Marcian
(Eastern) | (list W) / (list E)

* * *

(tree)
Eastern (Byzantine) dynasties
Leonid dynasty | 457 CE[8] | 518 CE[8] | 61 years  | Leo I | Anastasius I | (list)

* * *

(tree)
Justinian dynasty | 518 CE[9] | 602 CE[9] | 84 years  | Justin I | Maurice
and
Theodosius[f] | (list)

* * *

(tree)
Heraclian dynasty | 610 CE[10] | 711 CE[10] | 91 years[g] | Heraclius | Justinian II
and
Tiberius[h] | (list)

* * *

(tree)
Isaurian dynasty[i] | 717 CE[11] | 802 CE[11] | 85 years  | Leo III | Irene of Athens | (list)

* * *

(tree)
Nikephorian dynasty | 802 CE  | 813 CE  | 11 years  | Nikephoros I | Michael I Rangabe
and
Theophylact[j] | (list)

* * *

(tree)
Amorian dynasty[k] | 820 CE[12] | 867 CE[12] | 47 years  | Michael II | Michael III | (list)

* * *

(tree)
Macedonian dynasty | 867 CE[12] | 1056 CE[12] | 189 years  | Basil I | Theodora Porphyrogenita | (list)

* * *

(tree)
Komnenid dynasty[l] | 1057 CE[13] | 1185 CE[13] | 106 years[m] | Isaac I Komnenos | Andronikos I Komnenos
and
John Komnenos[n] | (list)

* * *

(tree)
Doukid dynasty | 1059 CE[14] | 1078 CE[14] | 19 years  | Constantine X Doukas | Michael VII Doukas | (list)

* * *

(tree)
Angelid dynasty | 1185 CE[15] | 1204 CE[15] | 19 years  | Isaac II Angelos | Alexios IV Angelos | (list)

* * *

(tree)
Laskarid dynasty[o] | 1204 CE  | 1261 CE  | 57 years  | Theodore I Laskaris | John IV Laskaris | (list)

* * *

(tree)
Palaiologan dynasty | 1259 CE[18] | 1453 CE[18] | 194 years  | Michael VIII Palaiologos | Constantine XI Palaiologos | (list)

* * *

(tree)

## Graphical representation

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## See also

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* History portal
* Monarchy portal

* Dynasty
* History of the Byzantine Empire
* History of the Roman Empire
* List of Byzantine emperors
* List of Byzantine usurpers
* List of condemned Roman emperors
* List of Roman emperors
* List of Roman usurpers
* Pax Romana
* Succession of the Roman Empire
* List of largest empires

## Notes

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1. ^ As adoption was widely practiced by the upper classes, some Roman monarchs were not directly biologically related to their predecessors despite belonging to the same dynasty. For example, the second emperor of the Julio–Claudian dynasty, Tiberius, was in fact an adopted son of the dynastic founder, Augustus.
2. ^ The Nerva–Antonine dynasty is sometimes subdivided into the Nerva–Trajan dynasty and the Antonine dynasty.
3. ^ The rule of the Severan dynasty was interrupted between 217 CE and 218 CE. Caracalla was the last ruler before the interregnum. Elagabalus was the first ruler after the interregnum.
4. ^ The Constantinian dynasty is also known as the "Neo-Flavian dynasty".
5. ^ a b c Constantius III (through marriage) and Valentinian III (through matrilineal descent) are sometimes considered part of both the Valentinianic and Theodosian dynasties. If included in the Valentinianic dynasty, that dynasty also ruled in 421, and in 425–455. This would bring the dynasty's end date to 455 and its total "term" to 59 years.
6. ^ Maurice and Theodosius reigned as co-rulers.
7. ^ The rule of the Heraclian dynasty was interrupted between 695 CE and 705 CE. Justinian II was both the last ruler before the interregnum and the first ruler after the interregnum.
8. ^ Justinian II and Tiberius reigned as co-rulers.
9. ^ The Isaurian dynasty is also known as the "Syrian dynasty".
10. ^ Michael I Rangabe and Theophylact reigned as co-rulers.
11. ^ The Amorian dynasty is also known as the "Phrygian dynasty".
12. ^ The Komnenid dynasty also ruled the Empire of Trebizond between 1204 and 1461.
13. ^ The rule of the Komnenid dynasty was interrupted between 1059 CE and 1081 CE. Isaac I Komnenos was the last ruler before the interregnum. Alexios I Komnenos was the first ruler after the interregnum.
14. ^ Andronikos I Komnenos and John Komnenos reigned as co-rulers.
15. ^ In the aftermath of the Fourth Crusade, the Laskarid dynasty of the Empire of Nicaea is traditionally accepted by historians as the legitimate continuation of the Roman Empire, mostly because in 1261 it recovered Constantinople, New Rome.[16] During the period between 1204–1261, however, there were four competing dynasties—aside from the Laskarids in Nicaea, these were the Latin emperors of the "Flanders dynasty" in Constantinople,[17] the Komnenodoukai of Epirus and the Megalokomnenoi of Trebizond—equally claiming the Byzantine emperorship.

## References

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1. ^ a b c d Kidner, Frank; Bucur, Maria; Mathisen, Ralph; McKee, Sally; Weeks, Theodore (2013). Making Europe: The Story of the West. Cengage Learning. p. 161\. ISBN 978-1111841317.
2. ^ a b D'Amato, Raffaele; Frediani, Andrea (2019). Strasbourg AD 357: The victory that saved Gaul. Bloomsbury. p. 8\. ISBN 9781472833969.
3. ^ a b Ermatinger, James (2018). The Roman Empire: A Historical Encyclopedia. Abc-Clio. p. 233\. ISBN 9781440838095.
4. ^ a b Fomenko, Anatoly (2005). History: Fiction Or Science?. Mithec. p. 171\. ISBN 9782913621060.
5. ^ a b Cowell, Frank (1961). Everyday Life in Ancient Rome. Batsford. p. 199.
6. ^ a b Christ, Karl (1984). The Romans: An Introduction to Their History and Civilisation. University of California Press. p. 184\. ISBN 9780520045668.
7. ^ a b Grig, Lucy; Kelly, Gavin (2015). Two Romes: Rome and Constantinople in Late Antiquity. Oxford University Press. p. 186\. ISBN 9780190241087.
8. ^ a b Maas, Michael (2015). The Cambridge Companion to the Age of Attila. Cambridge University Press. p. 106\. ISBN 9781107021754.
9. ^ a b Konstam, Angus (2015). Byzantine Warship vs Arab Warship: 7th–11th centuries. Bloomsbury. p. 18\. ISBN 9781472807588.
10. ^ a b Flichy, Thomas (2012). Financial Crises and Renewal of Empires. Lulu.com. p. 30\. ISBN 9781291097337.
11. ^ a b LePree, James; Djukic, Ljudmila (2019). The Byzantine Empire: A Historical Encyclopedia. Abc-Clio. p. 209\. ISBN 9781440851476.
12. ^ a b c d Tougher, Shaun (2009). The Eunuch in Byzantine History and Society. Routledge. p. 55\. ISBN 9781135235710.
13. ^ a b Walker, Alicia (2012). The Emperor and the World: Exotic Elements and the Imaging of Middle Byzantine Imperial Power, Ninth to Thirteenth Centuries C.E. Cambridge University Press. p. 11\. ISBN 9781107004771.
14. ^ a b Stacton, David (1965). The World on the Last Day: The Sack of Constantinople by the Turks, May 29, 1453: Its Causes and Consequences. p. 276.
15. ^ a b LePree & Djukic (2019), The Byzantine Empire: A Historical Encyclopedia p. 305.
16. ^ Treadgold, Warren (1997). A History of the Byzantine State and Society. Stanford University Press. p. 734\. ISBN 0804726302.
17. ^ Kanev, Nikolay (2018). "Reflections of the Imperial Ideology on the Seals of the Latin Emperor Baldwin II of Courtenay". Studia Academica Šumenensia. 5. Shumen University Press: 56–64\. ISSN 2367-5446.
18. ^ a b Woodfin, Warren (2012). The Embodied Icon: Liturgical Vestments and Sacramental Power in Byzantium. OUP Oxford. p. xxv. ISBN 9780199592098.