List of Roman governors of Asia

This is a list of known governors of the Roman province of Asia. Created after 133 BC, the province was eventually reorganized by the emperor Augustus who assigned it to the Senate as a proconsular governorship. The province was divided by Diocletian during his reorganization of the empire during the 290s, and a small portion of the province retained the name. Eventually the province was absorbed into the Thracesian Theme sometime during the seventh century. Many of the dates listed are approximate dates for the holding of the office.

## Republican governors of Asia (133–27 BC)

[edit]

Unless otherwise indicated, entries for the Republican period are based on T.R.S. Broughton, Magistrates of the Roman Republic (1952), vol. II.

* Quintus Mucius Scaevola Augur (97/96 BC)
* ? Lucius Gellius (93/92 BC). Alternatively proconsul in Cilicia.
* Gaius Julius Caesar (91/90 BC)
* L. Lucilius L.f. (? 90/89 BC)
* C. Cassius (89–87 BC). Appian calls him "Lucius Cassius".[1]
* Lucius Licinius Murena (84/83 BC)
* ? L. Cornelius Lentulus (82/81 BC). Uncertain if proconsul in Asia or Africa.[2]
* Marcus Minucius Thermus (80/79 BC)
* Gaius Claudius Nero (79/78 BC)
* ? Terentius Varro (77/76 BC)
* Marcus Junius Silanus (76/75 BC)
* M. Juncus (75/74 BC)
* Lucius Licinius Lucullus (73–69 BC)[3]
* Publius Cornelius Dolabella (? 69/68 BC)[4]
* Titus Aufidius (66/65 BC)
* Publius Varinius (65/64 BC)
* ? P. Orbius (64/63 BC)
* P. Servilius Globulus (63/62 BC)
* Lucius Valerius Flaccus (62/61 BC)
* Quintus Tullius Cicero (61–58 BC)
* Gaius Fabius Hadrianus (57/56 BC)
* Gaius Septimius (56/55 BC)
* Gaius Claudius Pulcher (55–53 BC)
* Quintus Minucius Thermus (52–49 BC)
* Lucius Antonius (49 BC): proquaestor pro praetore, left in command by Thermus
* Appuleius (47/46 BC): proquaestor pro praetore
* Publius Servilius Isauricus (46–44 BC): propraetor, then proconsul[5]
* Gaius Trebonius[6] (44/43 BC): murdered by Cornelius Dolabella January 43 BC
* ? M. Turius (42/41 BC): driven out of Asia by the Parthians
* Lucius Munatius Plancus (39/38 BC). Ronald Syme dates Plancus 39–37 BC.[7] Broughton speculates he "probably took command in Asia as the Parthians retreated."[8]
* Marcus Cocceius Nerva (38/37 BC)
* Gaius Furnius (35/34 BC). Syme dates Furnius 36–35 BC.[7]
* ? Marcus Titius (34 BC)
* Asinius (Maurucinus ?) (34/33 BC)

## Imperial proconsular governors of Asia (27 BC — AD 180)

[edit]

### Governors under Augustus

[edit]

Unless otherwise stated, the following entries are taken from K.M.T. Atkinson, "The Governors of the Province Asia in the Reign of Augustus", Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte, 7 (1958), pp. 300–330

Name  | Date proconsul  | Date consul  | Notes

|
|
|

Vedius Pollio[9] | 31/30 BC  | N/A  | propraetor
Marcus Herennius Picens | ? 28/27 BC  | suff. 34 BC  | Broughton dates his tenure to 33/32 BC[10]
Lucius Vinicius | ? 27/26 BC  | suff. 33 BC  |
Lucius Volcacius Tullus | ? 26/25 BC  | ord. 33 BC  |
Marcus Tullius Cicero | ? 24/23 BC  | ord. 30 BC  |
Sextus Appuleius | ? 23/22 BC  | ord. 29 BC  |
Gaius Junius Silanus | ? 22/21 BC  | ord. 17 BC  |
Potitus Valerius Messalla | ? 21-19 BC  | suff. 29 BC  |
Gaius Norbanus Flaccus | ? 18/17 or 17/16 BC  | ord. 24 BC  |
Quintus Aemilius Lepidus | 15/14 or 14/13 BC  | ord. 21 BC  | If the subject of the acephalous Titulus Tibertinus (ILS 918) is Gaius Sentius Saturninus (cos. 19 BC), then he was proconsul in 14/13 BC.[11]
Gaius Marcius Censorinus | ? 13/12 BC  | ord. 8 BC  | Syme[12] dates Censorinus to 2/3 BC
Marcus Vinicius[13] | ? 12-10 BC  | suff. 19 BC  | Claude Eilers[14] dates Vinicius to 13/12 BC
Paullus Fabius Maximus[15] | 10/9 BC  | ord. 11 BC  |
Paullus Fabius Maximus  | ? 9/8 BC  | ord. 11 BC  | If the subject of the acephalous Titulus Tibertinus is Lucius Calpurnius Piso (cos. 15 BC), then he was proconsul in 9/8 BC[16]
Publius Cornelius Scipio | ? 8/7 BC  | ord. 16 BC  | Eilers[17] dates Scipio to 12-10 BC
Iullus Antonius | ? 7/6 BC  | ord. 10 BC  |
Gaius Asinius Gallus Saloninus | 6/5 BC  | ord. 8 BC  |
Gnaeus Cornelius Lentulus Augur | 2/1 BC  | ord. 14 BC  | Lentulus the Augur is often confused with his relative L. Cornelius Lentulus, cos. 15 BC
Publius Sulpicius Quirinius | ? AD 1/2  | ord. 12 BC  | If the subject of the acephalous Titulus Tibertinus is Quirnius, then he was proconsul this year.[18]
Gaius Antistius Vetus | AD 2/3 or 3/4  | ord. 6 BC  |
Marcus Plautius Silvanus | AD 4/5  | ord. 2 BC  |
Gaius Vibius Postumus | ? AD 6-9  | suff. AD 5  | Syme[19] dates Postumus to AD 12-15
Lucius Calpurnius Piso[20] | ? AD 9/10  | ord. 1 BC  | Syme[12] dates Piso to AD 1/2
Publius Vinicius[21] | ? AD 10/11  | ord. AD 2  | Son of the proconsul of 12-10 BC
Lucius Valerius Messalla Volesus[21] | ? AD 12/13  | suff. AD 5  | Son of the proconsul of 21-19 BC
Lucius Volusius Saturninus[21] | ? AD 13/14  | suff. AD 3  |

### Governors under Tiberius

[edit]

Unless otherwise stated, the following entries are taken from Ronald Syme, "Problems about Proconsuls of Asia", Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 53 (1983), pp. 191–208

Name  | Date proconsul  | Date consul  | Notes

|
|
|

Sextus Nonius Quinctilianus | ? 16/17  | ord. 8  |
Quintus Poppaeus Secundus | ? 17/18  | suff. 9  |
Gaius Junius Silanus | 20/21  | ord. 10  |
Manius Aemilius Lepidus | 21/22  | ord. 11  |
Gaius Fonteius Capito | 23/24 or 22/23  | ord. 12  |
Favonius  | 24/25 or 25/26  | unknown | Syme (1983, p. 200) identifies with Lucilius Longus, suff. 7 BC
Sextus Pompeius | 24/25 or 24/26  | ord. 14  | Syme (History in Ovid, p. 161) suggests Pompeius was prorogued two years.
Marcus Aemilius Lepidus | 26-28  | cos. 6  | Ursula Vogel-Weidemann[22] suggests Lepidus may have been prorogued a third year.
Publius Petronius | ? 29-35  | suff. 19  |
Marcus Aurelius Cotta Maximus Messalinus | ? 35/36  | ord. 20  |
Gaius Vibius Rufinus | ? 36/37  | suff. 21 or 22  |

### Governors under Caligula

[edit]

Unless otherwise stated, the following entries are taken from Syme, "Problems about Proconsuls", pp. 191–208

Name  | Date proconsul  | Date consul  | Notes

|
|
|

Gaius Calpurnius Aviola | 37/38  | suff. 24  |
Gaius Asinius Pollio | ? 38/39  | ord. 23  |
Marcus Vinicius | ? 39/40  | ord. 30; ord. II 45  |
Gaius Cassius Longinus | 40/41  | suff. 30  |

### Governors under Claudius

[edit]

Unless otherwise stated, the following entries are taken from Syme, "Problems about Proconsuls", pp. 191–208

Name  | Date proconsul  | Date consul  | Notes

|
|
|

Publius Cornelius Lentulus Scipio | ? 41/42  | suff. 24  |
Gaius Sallustius Crispus Passienus | ? 42/43  | suff. 27  |
Paullus Fabius Persicus | ? 43/44  | ord. 34  |
Publius Memmius Regulus | ? 48/49  | suff. 31  |
Aulus Didius Gallus | 49/50  | suff. 39  |
Gnaeus Domitius Corbulo | 50/51  | suff. 39  |
Publius Suillius Rufus | 51/52  | suff. 41  |
Lucius Pedanius Secundus | 52/53  | suff. 43  |
Tiberius Plautius Silvanus Aelianus | 53/54  | suff. 45; suff. II 74  | Ursula Vogel-Weidemann dates to 55/56

### Governors under Nero and the Year of Four Emperors

[edit]

Unless otherwise stated, the following entries are taken from Syme, "Problems about Proconsuls", pp. 191–208

Name  | Date proconsul  | Date consul  | Notes

|
|
|

Marcus Junius Silanus | 54  | cos. 46  | Died in office[23]
? Marius Cordus | 55/56  | suff. 45 or 47  |
? M. Vettius Niger[24] | 56/57  | unknown |
Q. Allius Maximus  | 57/58  | suff. 49  | So Ursula Vogel-Weidemann; Syme ("Problems about Proconsuls", p. 204) is dubious
Lucius Vipstanus Poplicola | 58/59  | cos. 48  |
Quintus Marcius Barea Soranus | ? 61/62  | suff. 52  |
P. Volasenna  | ? 62/63  | suff. c. 54  |
Lucius Salvius Otho Titianus | 63/64  | cos. 52  |
Lucius Antistius Vetus | 64/65  | cos. 55  |
Manius Acilius Aviola | 65/66  | cos. 54  |
Marcus Aefulanus | ? 66/67  | suff. 54  |
Marcus Aponius Saturninus | ? 67/68  | suff. c. 55  | Eck, Chiron 1983, p. 189; p. 213: "unter Nero"
Gaius Fonteius Agrippa | 69  | suff. 58  | Called to Moesia in Autumn, 69 (Tacitus, Histories, iii.46)
Marcus Plancius Varus | 69  | N/A  | Legatus proconsulis serving in Agrippa's absence; attested by coins from Apamea

### Governors under Vespasian and Titus

[edit]

Unless otherwise stated, the following entries are taken from Werner Eck, "Jahres- und Provinzialfasten der senatorischen Statthalter von 69/70 bis 138/139", Chiron, 12 (1982), pp. 284–303

Name  | Date proconsul  | Date consul  | Notes

|
|
|

Marcus Suillius Nerullinus | 69/70  | ord. 50  | Appointed to complete the term
Titus Clodius Eprius Marcellus | 70-73  | suff. 62  |
Aulus Ducenius Geminus[25] | 73/74  | suff. 60 or 61  |
Marcus Vettius Bolanus | 75/76  | suff. 66  |
Tiberius Catius Asconius Silius Italicus | 77/78  | suff. 68  |
Gnaeus Arrius Antoninus | 78/79  | suff. 69  |
Marcus Ulpius Trajanus | 79/80  | suff. c. 70  |
Gaius Laecanius Bassus Caecina Paetus | 80/81  | suff. 70  |

### Governors under Domitian

[edit]

Unless otherwise stated, the following entries are taken from Eck, "Jahres- und Provinzialfasten", pp. 304–323

Name  | Date proconsul  | Date consul  | Notes

|
|
|

Sextus Julius Frontinus | 84/85  | suff. 73  |
Publius Nonius Asprenas Caesius Cassianus | 86/87  | suff. 72 or 73  |
Gaius Vettulenus Civica Cerealis | 87/88  | suff. between 73 and 76  | Removed before the completion of his term
Gaius Minicius Italus[26] | 88  | N/A  | Equestrian procurator of Asia, replaced Cerealis
Lucius Mestrius Florus | 88/89  | suff. between 73 and 76  |
Marcus Fulvius Gillo | 89/90  | suff. 76  |
Lucius Luscius Ocrea | 90/91  | suff. 77 or 78  |
Publius Calvisius Ruso Julius Frontinus | 92/93  | suff. c. 84  |
Lucius Junius Caesennius Paetus | 93/94  | suff. 79  |
Marcus Atilius Postumus Bradua | 94/95  | suff. 80  |
Rufus[27] | ? 91/91 or ? 95/96  | unknown | Eck suggests either Quintus Corellius Rufus (suff. 78), or C. Marius Marcellus Octavius Rufus (suff. 80)[28]

### Governors under Nerva and Trajan

[edit]

Unless otherwise stated, the following entries are taken from Eck, "Jahres- und Provinzialfasten", pp. 324–362

Name  | Date proconsul  | Date consul  | Notes

|
|
|

Lucius Calventius Sextus Carminius Vetus | 96/97  | suff. 83  |
Gnaeus Pedanius Fuscus Salinator | 98/99  | suff. c. 84  |
Q. Julius Balbus  | 100/101  | suff. 85  |
[Q. Vibius?] Secun(dus) | 101/102  | suff. 86  |
C. Aquillius Proculus  | 103/104  | suff. 90  |
L. Albius Pullaienus Pollio  | 104/105  | suff. 90  |
Tiberius Julius Celsus Polemaeanus | 105/106  | suff. 92  |
[L. Dasumius?] Hadrianus  | 106/107  | unknown | If identical with the suffect, his consulate was before 87
Lucius Nonius Calpurnius Torquatus Asprenas | 107/108  | cos. 94  |
Marcus Lollius Paulinus Decimus Valerius Asiaticus Saturninus | 108/109  | suff. 94  |
Gaius Antius Aulus Julius Quadratus | 109/110  | suff. 94  |
Lucius Baebius Tullus | 110/111  | suff. 95  |
Quintus Fabius Postuminus | 111/112  | suff. 96  |
Cornelius Tacitus | 112/113  | suff. 97  |
Aulus Vicirius Martialis | 113/114  | suff. 98  |
M. (Ostorius) Scapula  | 114/115  | suff. 99  |
Quintus Fulvius Gillo Bittius Proculus | 115/116  | suff. 99  |
Ti. Julius Ferox  | 116/117  | suff. 99  |

### Governors under Hadrian

[edit]

Unless otherwise stated, the following entries are taken from Eck, "Jahres- und Provinzialfasten der senatorischen Statthalter von 69/70 bis 138/139", Chiron, 13 (1983), pp. 147–185

Name  | Date proconsul  | Date consul  | Notes

|
|
|

Q. Servaeus Innocens  | 117/118  | suff. 101  |
Galeo Tettienus Severus | 118/119  | suff. 102  |
Gaius Trebonius Proculus Mettius Modestus | 119/120  | suff. 103  |
Sextus Subrius Dexter Cornelius Priscus | 120/121  | suff. c. 104  |
Q. Licinius Silvanus Granianus  | 121/122  | suff. 106  |
Gaius Minicius Fundanus | 122/123  | suff. 107  |
Quintus Pompeius Falco | 123/124  | suff. 108  |
Marcus Peducaeus Priscinus | 124/125  | ord. 110  |
Titus Avidius Quietus | 125/126  | suff. 111  |
Publius Stertinius Quartus | 126/127  | suff. 112  |
Lucius Vipstanus Messalla[29] | 127/128  | ord. 115  |
Lucius Hedius Rufus Lollianus Avitus | 128/129  | suff. 114  |
Publius Juventius Celsus | 129/130  | suff. 115;
ord. II 129  |
Publius Afranius Flavianus | 130/131  | suff. 117  |
Lucius Fundanius Lamia Aelianus | 131/132  | ord. 116  |
Gaius Julius Alexander Berenicianus | 132/133  | suff. 116  |
Titus Sabinius Barbarus[29] | 133/134  | suff. 118  |
Quintus Coredius Gallus Gargilius Antiquus | 134/135  | suff. 119  |
Titus Aurelius Fulvus | 135/136  | ord. 120  |
Quintus Pomponius Marcellus Rufus | 136/137  | suff. 121  |

### Governors under Antoninus Pius

[edit]

Unless otherwise stated, the following entries are taken from Syme "The Proconsuls of Asia under Antoninus Pius", Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 51 (1983), 271-290

Name  | Date proconsul  | Date consul  | Notes

|
|
|

Lucius Venuleius Apronianus Octavius Priscus[30] | 138/139  | ord. 123  |
Lucius Valerius Propinquus | 140/141  | suff. 126  |
? Sextus Julius Major | 141/142  | suff. c. 126  | It is possible he was proconsul of Africa instead.
? Q. Insteius Celer  | 142/143  | suff. c. 128  |
? Tiberius Julius Candidus Celsus | 143/144  | suff. c. 129  |
(Tiberius Claudius?) Julianus | 144/145  | suff. 129/130  |
Tiberius Claudius Quartinus | 145/146  | suff. 130  |
Lucius Antonius Albus | 147/148  | suff. c. 132  |
Q. Flavius Tertullus  | 148/149  | suff. 133  |
Popillius Priscus  | 149/150  | suff. c. 132  |
Lucius Tutilius Lupercus Pontianus[31] | 150/151  | ord. 135  |
Titus Vitrasius Pollio | 151/152  | suff. c. 137  |
Gaius Julius Severus | 152/153  | suff. c. 138  |
Lucius Statius Quadratus | 155/156  | ord. 142  |
Gaius Bellicius Flaccus Torquatus[32] | 156/157  | ord. 143  |
Titus Statilius Maximus | 157/158  | ord. 144  |
Publius Mummius Sisenna Rutilianus | 160/161  | suff. 146  |

### Governors under Marcus Aurelius

[edit]

Unless otherwise stated, the following entries are taken from Alföldy, Konsulat und Senatorenstand unter den Antoninen (Bonn: Habelt Verlag, 1977) pp. 214–217 (before 167) and Filippini, “Su alcuni proconsoli d’Asia all’epoca di Marco Aurelio (168-173)” (Roma, 2014) p. 764 (after 167)

Name  | Date proconsul  | Date consul  | Notes

|
|
|

Quintus Cornelius Proculus | 161/162  | suff. 146  |
Gaius Popilius Carus Pedo | 162/163  | suff. 147  |
Quintus Pompeius Sosius Priscus | 163/164  | ord. 149  |
Marcus Gavius Squilla Gallicanus | 164/165  | ord. 150  |
D. Fonteius Fronto  | 165/166  | suff. c. 150  | Of Asia, per French;[33] Christol and Drew-Bear argue Fronto was one of the first proconsuls of Lycia et Pamphylia.[34]
Titus Pomponius Proculus Vitrasius Pollio | 167/168  | suff. c. 151  |
Servilius Paullus (M. Servilius Silanus?)  | ? 168/169  | (suff. 152, ord. II 188)  |
Sextus Quintilius Valerius Maximus | 169/170  | ord. 151  |
Marcus Nonius Macrinus | 170/171  | suff. 154  |
Gratus  | 171/172  | suff. c. 154-157?  |
A. Junius Rufinus  | ? 172/173  | ord. 153  |
Sextus Sulpicius Tertullus | ? 173/174  | ord. 158  |
Vibius Bassus  | between 155 and 175  | suff. between 138 and 160  |

## Imperial proconsular governors of Asia (180 — 285)

[edit]

### Governors under Commodus

[edit]

Unless otherwise stated, the following entries are taken from Paul M. M. Leunissen, Konsuln und Konsulare in der Zeit von Commodus bis Severus Alexander (Amsterdam: J.C. Gieben, 1989), pp. 221f

Name  | Date proconsul  | Date consul  | Notes

|
|
|

Publius Julius Geminius Marcianus | c. 182  | suff. 165 or 166  |
Novius P[riscus]  | between 180 and 183  | suff. between 166 and 168  |
L. A[e]milius [Frontus]  | between 182 and 185  | suff. between 161 and 166  |
Quintus Pompeius Senecio Sosius Priscus | c. 184  | ord. 169  |
Gaius Arrius Antoninus | between 188 and 190  | suff. c. 173  |
(L.?) (Ulpius?) Marcellus  | 189/190  | suff. c. 174  | perhaps the same as Ulpius Marcellus (Leunissen, pp. 221f)
Sulpicius Crassus  | 190/191 or 191/192  | suff. c. 175/176  |
Titus Flavius Claudius Sulpicianus | Between 180 and 192  | suff. between 165 and 175  | Inge Mennen dates to 186[35]
Asellius Aemilianus | 192/193  | suff. c. 177  | Supported Pescennius Niger in 193. (HA, "Severus", 8)

### Governors under Septimius Severus

[edit]

Unless otherwise stated, the following entries are taken from Ségolène Demougin, "Proconsuls d'Asie sous Septime Sévère, les gouverneurs de la province de 200 à 211", Bulletin de la Société Nationale des Antiquaires de France, 1994 (1996), pp. 323-333

Name  | Date proconsul  | Date consul  | Notes

|
|
|

Lucius Albinius Saturninus[36] | between 190 and 200  | suff. between 175 and 182  |
Lucius Aemilius Iuncus[37] | 193/194  | suff. 179  |
Quintus Aurelius Polus Terentianus | 200/201  | suff. between 188 and 190  |
Quintus Hedius Rufus Lollianus Gentianus | 201/202  | suff. c. 186  |
Tarius Titianus  | ? 202/203  | suff. between 187 and 190  | Michel Christol and Thomas Drew-Bear note he might have been governor of Africa[38]
L. Calpurnius Proculus  | ? 203/204  | between 186 and 190  |
Q. Licinius Nepos  | ? 204/205  | between 180 and 191  | Demougin notes[39] Nepos could have been consul at the beginning of the reign of Septimius Severus, which would require a later date.
Popilius Pedo Apronianus | 205  | ord. 191  | Executed while proconsul
Aelius Aglaus  | 205/206  | N/A  | procurator Asiae, agens uice praedisidis
Quintus Tineius Sacerdos | 206/207  | suff. 192  | Christol and Drew-Bear date between 206 and 208[40]
[...]us  | 207/208  | unknown | Christol and Drew-Bear note he could be identified with a known proconsul[41]
Quintus Caecilius Secundus Servilianus | 208/209  | suff. c. 193  |
[Sem]pronius Senecio[41] | 209/210  | suff. c. 195/196  | C.P Jones has shown that Ti. Manilius Fuscus was not proconsul of Asia.[42]

### Governors under Caracalla

[edit]

Unless otherwise stated, the following entries are taken from Paul M. M. Leunissen, Konsuln und Konsulare in der Zeit von Commodus bis Severus Alexander (Amsterdam: J.C. Gieben, 1989), pp. 224f

Name  | Date proconsul  | Date consul  | Notes

|
|
|

T. [...]  | attested 211  | suff. c. 195  |
C. Gabinius Barbarus Pompeianus  | ? 211/212  | suff. 194  |
Gavius Tranquillus  | ? 212/213  | suff. c. 197  |
(M.?) Junius Concessus Aemillianus  | ? 213/214  | suff. c. 198  |
Lucius Marius Maximus Perpetuus Aurelianus[43] | 213-215  | suff. c. 199  |
Gaius Julius Avitus Alexianus[43] | 215/216  | suff. c. 200  |

### Governors under Macrinus and Elagabalus

[edit]

Unless otherwise stated, the following entries are taken from Paul M. M. Leunissen, Konsuln und Konsulare in der Zeit von Commodus bis Severus Alexander (Amsterdam: J.C. Gieben, 1989), pp. 225f

Name  | Date proconsul  | Date consul  | Notes

|
|
|

Gaius Julius Asper | 217/218  | ord. II 212  | designatus
Quintus Anicius Faustus | 217-219  | suff. 198?  |
M. Aufidius Fronto  | between 219 and 222  | ord. 199  |
C. Aufidius Marcellus  | between 219 and 222  | suff. c. 205; ord. II 226  |
(M. Nummius Umbrius Primus Senecio?) Albinus  | c. 221  | ? ord. 206  | Mentioned in the Constitutio Antoniniana; identification with the consul of 206 uncertain.

### Governors under Alexander Severus

[edit]

Unless otherwise stated, the following entries are taken from Paul M. M. Leunissen, Konsuln und Konsulare in der Zeit von Commodus bis Severus Alexander (Amsterdam: J.C. Gieben, 1989), pp. 226-228

Name  | Date proconsul  | Date consul  | Notes

|
|
|

Quintus (Hedius) Lollianus Plantius Avitus | c. 224  | ord. 209  |
Q. Ai[acius Modestus Crescentianus?]  | between 211 and 228  | suff. between 198 and 204; II ord. 228  |
Amicus  | Autumn 230 or 231  | suff. 215 or 216  |
Marcus Clodius Pupienus Maximus | c. 229  | suff. between 193 and 217; II ord. 234  |
(Q. Virius Egnatius?) Sulpicius Priscus  | Between 222 and 235  | suff. between 193 and 217  |
Gaius Asinius Nicomachus Julianus | After 222  | suff. between 193 and 235  |

### Third-century crisis (235–285)

[edit]

* Lucius Valerius Messalla Apollinaris[44] (between 236 and 238).
* Flavius Balbus Diogenianus[45] (between 236 and 238; less likely 250–1)
* Marcus Asinius Sabinianus[46] (239 or 240)
* Lucius Egnatius Victor Lollianus[47] (242–245)
* Flavius Maximillianus Montanus (248/249)[48]
* Attius Rufinus (250s)[49]
* Gaius Julius Flavius Proculus Quintilianus (249–250)
* Gaius Julius Octavius Volusenna Rogatianus (c. 253/256)
* Marcus Valerius Turbo (250s)[50]
* Maximillianus (? 260)
* (?) Tiberius Pollienus Armenius Peregrinus (unknown date, possibly under Valerian)[51]
* Arellius Fuscus (275)
* Faltonius Probus (276)
* Julius Proculus (276)
* Asclepiodotus (283) (praeses)

## Imperial proconsular governors of Asia (285 — 395)

[edit]

### Governors under Diocletian

[edit]

* Aurelius Hermogenianus (c. 286/305)
* Titus Flavius Festus (c. 286/293)
* Priscus (c. 286/305)
* Lucius Artorius Pius Maximus (c. 287/298)
* Junius Tiberianus (c. 293/303)
* Annius Epifanius (c. 293/305)

### Governors under Constantine I

[edit]

* Amnius Manius Caesonius Nicomachus Anicius Paulinus (c. 324/334)
* Quintus Fabius Titianus (c. 324/337)

### Governors under Constantius II

[edit]

* Lucius Caelius Montius (c. 340/350)
* Marinus (c. 351/354)
* Flavius Magnus (c. 354/359)
* Mantitheus (before 355)
* Julianus (360)

### Governors under Julian and Jovian

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* Aelius Claudius Dulcitius (361—363)
* Vitalius (363)

### Governors under Valens

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* Helpidius (364)
* Hormisdas (365)
* Clearchus (366—367)
* Eutropius (c. 371/372)
* Festus (372—378)

### Governors under Theodosius I

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* Septimius Maeadius (c. 379/386)
* Nummius Aemilianus Dexter (c. 379/387)
* Auxonius (381)
* Nicomachus Flavianus (382—383)
* Victorius (392—394)
* Aurelianus (395)

## Imperial proconsular governors of Asia (395 — 491)

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### Governors under Arcadius

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* Aeternalis (396)
* Simplicius (396)
* Nebridius (396)
* Julianus (397)
* Anatolius (c. 395/408)
* Flavius Anthemius Isidorus (c. 405/410)

### Governors under Theodosius II

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* Flavius Heliodorus (c. 439/442)
* Proculus (449)

## Imperial proconsular governors of Asia (uncertain date)

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* (?) Scaurianus (? late third century)
* Cassianus (third/fourth century)
* Cossinius Rufinus (? middle/late third century)
* Axiochus (? late fourth century)
* Ambrosius (? late fourth century)
* Messalinus (fourth/fifth century)
* Aristus (fourth/fifth century)
* Constantinus (fourth/fifth century)
* Nonnus (early fifth century)
* (?) Ignatius (early/mid fifth century)
* (?) Zosimianus (early/mid fifth century)
* Andreas (? fifth century)
* Flavius Axius Arcadius Phlegethius (late fifth/early sixth century)
* Damocharis (fourth/sixth century)
* Theodosius (fifth/sixth century)

## See also

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* Lists of ancient Roman governors

## Sources

[edit]

* Géza Alföldy, Konsulat und Senatorenstand unter der Antoninen, Bonn: Rudolf Habelt Verlag (1977)
* Barnes, T.D., "Proconsuls of Asia under Caracalla", Phoenix, 40 (1986), pp. 202–205
* Broughton, T. Robert S., The Magistrates of the Roman Republic, Vol II (1952)
* Eck, Werner, "Jahres- und Provinzialfasten der senatorischen Statthalter von 69/70 bis 138/139", Chiron, 12 (1982), pp. 281–362; 13 (1983), pp. 147–237.
* Filippini, A. “Su alcuni proconsoli d’Asia all’epoca di Marco Aurelio (168-173): Kaisergeschichte e Kirchengeschichte tra fonti letterarie ed epigrafiche”, in M.L. Caldelli - G.L. Gregori (a cura di), Epigrafia e ordine senatorio, 30 anni dopo (Tituli 10), Atti della XIXe Rencontre franco-italienne d’épigraphie du monde romain (Roma 21-23 marzo 2013), Roma 2014, pp. 745–776.
* Laale, Hans Willer, Ephesus (Ephesos): An Abbreviated History from Androclus to Constantine XI, WestBow Press (2011)
* Martindale, J. R.; Jones, A. H. M, The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire, Vol. I AD 260–395, Cambridge University Press (1971)
* Martindale, J. R.; Jones, A. H. M, The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire, Vol. II AD 395–527, Cambridge University Press (1980)
* Mennen, Inge, Power and Status in the Roman Empire, AD 193-284 (2011)
* Syme, Ronald, "The Proconsuls of Asia under Antoninus Pius", Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 51 (1983), pp. 271–290
* Syme, Ronald, The Augustan Aristocracy (1986) Clarendon Press.

## References

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1. ^ Mith. 11, 17, & 24
2. ^ Broughton, MRR, vol. II, p. 67
3. ^ Broughton notes that the dates for his proconsulship depends on two disputed issues: first and foremost is the date of the outbreak of the Third Mithridatic War; second is when Asia was added to his command. (MRR, vol. II pp. 105-107)
4. ^ Broughton, MRR, vol. II p. 138 n.9
5. ^ Broughton, MRR, vol. II p. 297
6. ^ Broughton, MRR, vol. II p. 308
7. ^ a b Syme, Roman Revolution, p. 266 n. 3
8. ^ Broughton, MRR, vol. II p. 381
9. ^ Syme, The Augustan Aristocracy (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1986), p. 208
10. ^ Broughton, MRR, vol. II p. 415
11. ^ Nikos Kikkinos, "The Honorand of the Titilus Tiburtinus: C. Sentius Saturninus?" Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 105 (1995), p. 21–36
12. ^ a b Augustan Aristocracy, p. 405
13. ^ Syme, Augustan Aristocracy, pp. 62, 405
14. ^ Eilers, "The Proconsulship of P. Cornelius Scipio (Cos. 16 B.C.)", Classical Quarterly, 51 (2001), p. 205
15. ^ Syme and Atkinson prorogate his term; Eilers assigns him a single year
16. ^ Syme, "The Titulus Tiburtinus", in A.R. Birley (ed.), Ronald Syme, Roman Papers (Oxford: Clarenton Press, 1984), vol. III, pp. 869ff
17. ^ Eilers, "Proconsulship", pp. 201-205
18. ^ Atkinson, "Governors of the Province Asia", pp. 314f, 318f
19. ^ Augustan Aristocracy, p. 132
20. ^ Syme, Augustan Aristocracy, p. 337
21. ^ a b c Atkinson notes these proconsulships "must fall within the period 10/11 to 14/15 inclusive, but the precise order is uncertain except for the indications that P. Volusius Saturninus ... is likely to be the latest."
22. ^ Vogel-Weidemann, "Miscellanea zu den Proconsules von Africa und Asia zwischen 14 und 68 n. Chr.", Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 46 (1982), p. 268
23. ^ Tacitus, Annales, xiii.1
24. ^ Attilio Degrassi, I fasti consolari dell'Impero Romano dal 30 avanti Cristo al 613 dopo Cristo (Rome, 1952), p. 138
25. ^ Eck, "Jahres- und Provinzialfasten", p. 208, Anh. 3
26. ^ CIL V, 875 = ILS 1374
27. ^ Eck, "Jahres- und Provinzialfasten", p. 189
28. ^ Eck, "Prokonsuln von Asia in der flavisch-traianischen Zeit", Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 45 (1982), p. 151
29. ^ a b Syme, "Hadrianic Proconsuls of Africa", Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik 37 (1980), p. 1
30. ^ Géza Alföldy, Konsulat und Senatorenstand unter den Antoninen (Bonn: Habelt Verlag, 1977), p. 211
31. ^ Dietz K. Die beiden P. Mummii Sisennae und der Wiederaufbau der Basilike Stoa von Thera. Chiron. 1993;23:295-312.
32. ^ Wörrle M. Neue Freunde von Antoninus Pius. Ein Kaiserpriester und ein proconsul Asiae in Hierapolis. Chiron. 2019;49:475-88.
33. ^ David French, "D. Fonteius Fronto, proconsul (of Asia)" Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 29 (1978), pp. 211-212
34. ^ Michel Christol and Thomas Drew-Bear, "D. Fonteius Fronto, Proconsul de Lycie-Pamphylie", Greek Roman and Byzantine Studies, 32 (1991), pp. 397-413
35. ^ Mennen, Power and Status in the Roman Empire, AD 193-284 (2011), p. 122
36. ^ Leunissen, Konsuln und Konsulare, p. 222
37. ^ Cornelia Römer, "Diplom für einen Fußsoldaten aus Koptos vom 23. März 179", Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 82 (1990), p. 152
38. ^ Christol and Drew-Bear, "Le prince et ses représentants aux limites de l'Asie et de la Galatie: un nouveau questeur et un nouveau proconsul d'Asie sous Septime-Sévère", Cahiers du Centre Gustave Glotz, 9 (1998), pp. 157f
39. ^ "Proconsuls d'Asie sous Septime Sévère", p. 331
40. ^ "Le prince et ses représentants", p. 160
41. ^ a b Christol and Drew-Bear, "Le prince et ses représentants", p. 161
42. ^ Jones, "Flavia Politta and Manilius Fuscus", Classical Philology, 84 (1989), pp. 129-136
43. ^ a b Michel Christol, "Le Proconsulat D'Afrique de L. Marius Maximus Perpetuus Aurelianus", Cahiers du Centre Gustave Glotz, 25 (2014), p. 142
44. ^ Inge Mennen, Power and Status in the Roman Empire, AD 193-284 (2011), p. 123f. May be identical to Lucius Valerius Messalla (consul 214).
45. ^ Peter Herrmann, and Ûzmir Hasan Malay, "Statue Bases of the Mid Third Century A.D. from Smyrna", Epigraphica Anatolica, 36 (2003), pp. 6f
46. ^ Leunissen, Konsuln und Konsulare, p. 182
47. ^ Herrmann and Malay, "Statue Bases", pp. 1-4
48. ^ Michael Peachin, "Prosopographic Notes from the Law Codes", Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 84 (1990), pp. 109-111
49. ^ Herrmann and Malay, "Statue Bases", pp. 7-9
50. ^ Herrmann and Malay, "Statue Bases", pp. 9f
51. ^ Mennen, Power and Status, p. 117

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Roman governors

* Achaia
* Aegyptus
* Africa proconsularis
* Alpes (Alpes Cottiae, Alpes Maritimae and Alpes Poeninae)
* Arabia Petraea
* Armenia
* Asia
* Assyria
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* Cyprus
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* Galatia
* Gaul (Gallia Aquitania, Gallia Belgica, Gallia Lugdunensis and Gallia Narbonensis)
* Germania (Germania Inferior and Germania Superior)
* Hispania (Hispania Baetica and Hispania Tarraconensis)
* Judaea
* Lusitania
* Lycia et Pamphylia
* Macedonia
* Mauretania (Mauretania Caesariensis and Mauretania Tingitana)
* Mesopotamia
* Moesia (Moesia Inferior and Moesia Superior)
* Noricum
* Pannonia (Pannonia Inferior and Pannonia Superior)
* Raetia
* Sicilia
* Syria
* Thracia

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