List of Roman governors of Syria

Not to be confused with Syrian governors.

This is a list of governors of the Roman province of Syria. From 27 BC, the province was governed by an imperial legate of consular rank. The province was divided in AD 193 into Syria Coele and Syria Phoenicia. In c. 415 AD, Syria Coele was divided into Syria Prima and Syria Secunda. During the reign of Theodosius I (379 – 395), Syria Phoenicia was divided into Phoenicia Maritima and Phoenicia Libanensis.

## Proconsular governors of Syria (65–27 BC)

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* 65–62: Marcus Aemilius Scaurus
* 61–60: Lucius Marcius Philippus
* 59–58: Gnaeus Cornelius Lentulus Marcellinus
* 57–54: Aulus Gabinius
* 54–53: Marcus Licinius Crassus
* 53–51: Gaius Cassius Longinus
* 51–50: Marcus Calpurnius Bibulus
* 50/49: Fabricius Veiento
* 49–48: Metellus Scipio
* 47–46: Sextus Julius Caesar
* 46–44: Quintus Caecilius Bassus
* 45: Gaius Antistius Vetus
* 44: Lucius Staius Murcus
* 44–43: Quintus Marcius Crispus
* 44–42: Gaius Cassius Longinus
* 41–40: Lucius Decidius Saxa
* 40–39: Parthian occupation
* 39–38: Publius Ventidius Bassus
* 38–37: Gaius Sosius
* 35: Lucius Munatius Plancus
* 34/33–33/32: Lucius Calpurnius Bibulus
* 30: Quintus Didius
* 29: Marcus Valerius Messalla Corvinus
* 28–25: Cicero Minor

## Propraetorial Imperial Legates of Roman Syria (27 BC to 193 AD)

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Date  | Governor

|

25 – 23 BC | Marcus Terentius Varro
23 – 13 BC | Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa
13/12 – 10/9 BC | Marcus Titius
9 – 7/6 BC | Gaius Sentius Saturninus
7/6 – 4 BC | Publius Quinctilius Varus
4 BC – 1 AD | Unknown[1]
1 AD – 4 AD | Gaius Julius Caesar Vipsanianus
4 – 5 | Lucius Volusius Saturninus
6 – 12 | Publius Sulpicius Quirinius
12 – 17 | Quintus Caecilius Metellus Creticus Silanus
17 – 19 | Gnaeus Calpurnius Piso
19 – 21 | Gnaeus Sentius Saturninus
22 – 32 | Lucius Aelius Lamia
32 – 35 | Lucius Pomponius Flaccus
35 – 39 | Lucius Vitellius
39 – 41/42 | Publius Petronius
41/42 – 44/45 | Gnaeus (Gaius?) Vibius Marsus
45 – 49 | Cassius Longinus
50 – 60 | Gaius Ummidius Durmius Quadratus
60 – 63 | Gnaeus Domitius Corbulo
63 – 67 | Cestius Gallus
67 – 69 | Gaius Licinius Mucianus
70 – 72 | Lucius Caesennius Paetus
72 – 73 | Aulus Marius Celsus
73 – 78 | Marcus Ulpius Traianus
78 – 82 | Lucius Ceionius Commodus
82 – 84 | Titus Atilius Rufus
87 – 90 | Publius Valerius Patruinus
90 – 93 | Aulus Bucius Lappius Maximus
93 – 96 | Gaius Octavius Tidius Tossianus Lucius Javolenus Priscus
96 – 97 | Marcus Cornelius Nigrinus Curiatius Maternus
97 – 100 | Aulus Larcius Priscus
100 – 104 | Gaius Antius Aulus Julius Quadratus
104 – 108 | Aulus Cornelius Palma Frontonianus
108 – 112 | Lucius Fabius Justus
114 – 115 | Gaius Julius Quadratus Bassus
117 | Publius Aelius Hadrianus
117 – ?120 | Lucius Catilius Severus Julianus Claudius Reginus[2]
125 – 128 | Quintus Coredius Gallus Gargilius Antiquus[3]
128 – ?136 | Gaius Quinctius Certus Poblicius Marcellus
?136 – 137 | Gaius Bruttius Praesens Lucius Fulvius Rusticus[4]
137 – 140 | Sextus Julius Major
140 | Lucius Burbuleius Optatus Ligarianus
144 | Lucius Sergius Paullus[5]
147 – 150 | Sulpicius Julianus
150 – 154 | Marcus Pontius Laelianus Larcius Sabinus
154 – 157 | Marcus Cassius Apollinaris
157 – 162 | Lucius Attidius Cornelianus
163 – 164 | Marcus Annius Libo
164 – 166 | Gnaeus Julius Verus
166 – 175 | Gaius Avidius Cassius
175 – 178 | Publius Martius Verus
179 – 182 | Publius Helvius Pertinax
183 – 185 | Gaius Domitius Dexter
186 – 187 | Gaius Julius Saturninus
187 – 190 | Asellius Aemilianus
190 – 193 | Gaius Pescennius Niger

## Propraetorial Imperial Legates of Syria Coele (193 AD to c. 295 AD)

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Date  | Governor

|

c. 207 – 209 | Marius Maximus
c. 209 – 211 | Minicius Martialis
c. 216 | Aurelius Mam(
)
c. 221 | Julius Antonius Seleucus
Between 225 and 235 | Quintus Aradius Rufinus Optatus Aelianus
(?) 235 | (? Claudius Sollemnius) Pacatianus
c. 241 | Attius Rufinus
c. 241 – 249 | Flavius Antiochus
c. 251 | Atilius Cosminus
c. 251 | Pomponius Laetianus
During the 260s | Virius Lupus
c. 275 | Maximinus[6]
c. 279 | Julius Saturninus
Between 276 and 282 | Claudius Cleobulus
Between 289 and 297 | L. Aelius Helvius Dionysius
290 | Charisius

## Propraetorial Imperial Legates of Syria Phoenicia (193 AD to c. 295 AD)

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Date  | Governor

|

193 – 194 | Ti. Manilius Fuscus[7]
198 | Q. Venidius Rufus Marius Maximus L. Calvinianus
c. 207 | Domitius Leo Procillianus
213 | D. Pius Cassius
Between 268 and 270 | Salvius Theodorus
Between 284 and 305 | L. Artorius Pius Maximus
292 – 293 | Crispinus

## Consularis Governors of Syria Coele (c. 295 AD to c. 415 AD)

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Date  | Governor

|

Between 293 and 305 | Latinius Primosus
305 | Verinus
? 323 | Dyscolius
After 324 | Arrius Maximus
Between 324 and 337 | Plutarchus
Between 329 and 335 | Fl. Dionysius[8]
338 | Nonnus[9]
388 | Eustathius[10]
347 | Theodorus
348 | Fl. Antonius Hierocles
349 | Anatolius
Before 353 | Honoratus
354 | Theophilus
355 | Dionysius
355 – 356 | Gymnasius
358 | Nicentius
358 – 359 | Sabinus
360 | Tryphonianus
360 | Italicianus
361 | Siderius
363 | Alexander
363 – 364 | Celsus
364 | Marcianus
Between 364 and 380 | Protasius
Between 364 and 380 | Protasius[11]
Between 365 and 368 | Festus
Between 365 and 371 | Aetherius
Between 370 and 374 | Fl. Eutolmius Tatianus
c. 379/80 | Carterius
Before 381 | Domnicus
c. 382 | Marcellinus
c. 382/3 | Pelagius
Between 382 and 393 | Timocrates
c. 384/5 | Eumolpius
386 | Tisamenus
387 | Celsus
388 | Lucianus
388 | Eustathius
389 | Eutropius
c. 389/90 | Palladius
390 | Infantius
Before 392 | Capitolinus
Before 392 | Iullus
? 392/3 | Florentius
Before 393/4 | Severus

## Consularis Governors of Syria Phoenicia (c. 295 AD to c. 395 AD)

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Date  | Governor

|

Between 293 and 305 | Aelius Statuus
Between 293 and 303 | Sossianus Hierocles
Before 305 | Julius Julianus
? Between 309/313 | Maximus
c. 323 | Achillius
328 – 329 | Fl. Dionysius
335 | Archelaus
c. 337 | Nonnus
342 | Marcellinus
353/4 | Apollinaris
Before 358 | Demetrius
358 – 359 | Nicentius[12]
(?) 359/60 | Euchrostius
Before 360 | Julianus
360 – 361 | Andronicus
Before 361 | Aelius Claudius Dulcitius
361 | Anatolius
c. 361/2 | Polycles
362 | Julianus
362 – 363 | Gaianus
363 – 364 | Marius
364 | Ulpianus
364 – 365 | Domninus
372 | Leontius
380 | Petrus
382 – 383 | Proculus
Before 388 | Eustathius
388 | Antherius
388 | Epiphanius
390 | Domitius
391 | Severianus
392 | Leontius

## See also

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* Lists of ancient Roman governors

## Footnotes

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1. ^ Some consider that Lucius Calpurnius Piso "the Pontifex" was here the governor of Syria. This is based on an inscription called the Titulus Tiburtinus.
2. ^ Migliorati G. A proposito di L. Catilio Severo, legatus Augusti di Siria. Epigraphica. 2002(64):85-92.
3. ^ Gil Gambash and Assaf Yasur-Landau, "Governor Of Judea And Syria - A New Dedication From Dor To Gargilius Antiquus", Zeitschrift Für Papyrologie Und Epigraphik, 205 (2018), p. 160
4. ^ Dąbrowa E. Hadrianic governors of Syria: a reappraisal. Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik. 2017:285-91.
5. ^ Eck W. "Sergius Paullus, der Liebhaber der Philosophie in Lucans Peregrinus Proteus", Rheinisches Museum für Philologie, 157 (2014), pp. 222f
6. ^ Martindale & Jones, pg. 1105
7. ^ Hall, pg. 94
8. ^ Hall, pg. 95
9. ^ Hall, pg. 96
10. ^ Hall, pg. 103
11. ^ Successor to the previous Protasius – see Martindale & Jones, pg. 1106
12. ^ Martindale, J. R. & A. H. M. Jones, "Nicentius 1", The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire, Vol. I AD 260-395 (Cambridge: University Press, 1971), p. 628

## Bibliography

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* Dąbrowa, Edward, The Governors of Roman Syria from Augustus to Septimius Severus (1998)
* Schürer Emil, Vermes Geza, Millar Fergus, The history of the Jewish people in the age of Jesus Christ (175 B.C.-A.D. 135), Volume I, Edinburgh 1973, p. 243-266 (Survey of the Roman Province of Syria from 63 B.C. to A.D. 70).
* Linda Jones Hall, Roman Berytus: Beirut in late antiquity (2004)
* Martindale, J. R.; Jones, A. H. M, The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire, Vol. I AD 260–395, Cambridge University Press (1971)

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