List of Sturgeon-class submarines

Launching of USS Tunny (SSN-682)

Named after the lead boat, the Sturgeon class of nuclear-powered fast attack submarines (SSN) served with the United States Navy from the late 1960s to the mid-2000s. With a submerged displacement of 4,780 tons, its successors were the 6,920-ton Los Angeles class, the first of which was commissioned in 1976.[1][2] The Sturgeon class was designed with digital combat systems and more quieting features than its predecessor, the Thresher/Permit class.[3] As SSNs, Sturgeon-class submarines were designed to primarily perform anti-submarine warfare operations. Seven different primary contractors constructed the 37 boats of the class, making it the second-most numerous nuclear-powered warship class in the world after the 62-boat Los Angeles class.[1]

USS Pargo (SSN-650) surfaced in Arctic ice.

In the late 1950s, the U.S. Navy identified the need to reengineer the Thresher/Permit class, the boats of which were then being constructed. In pursuit of high-speed operations, many design aspects were sacrificed.[4] To address such deficiences, the Sturgeon class was created. This class differed from its predecessor by having an enlarged and relocated sail to accommodate additional external sensors; a second periscope was also added. Additionally, the fairwater planes on the sail could be rotated 90 degrees to allow breaking through relatively thin ice.[4] The hull was lengthened from about 278 ft (85 m) to about 292 ft (89 m); this, coupled with the larger sail, reduced the class's speed by 2 knots (2.3 mph; 3.7 km/h) compared to the Thresher/Permit class.[5] Internally, the class's layout was rearranged to improve habitability and to admit more weapons as compared to its predecessor.[4] The class was further redesigned with SUBSAFE program rules following the loss of Thresher in April 1963.[6] Among the range of armaments used by the class were the Mark 48 torpedo, the Harpoon anti-ship missile, the Tomahawk cruise missile, and the SUBROC nuclear anti-submarine missile.[1][7]

Starting with USS Archerfish (SSN-678), the hull was lengthened by 10 ft (3 m) to allow a larger living and working space compared to previous boats of the class. Nine boats incorporated this extension.[7] Other modifications included the addition of a Dry Deck Shelter (an external lockout chamber capable of accommodating SEAL Delivery Vehicles) to six boats to enable covert insertion and extraction of U.S. Navy SEALs.[7]

## Boats

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USS William H. Bates (SSN-680) carrying a Dry Deck Shelter

In October 1961, General Dynamics Electric Boat was awarded the contract to construct the lead boat of the class, USS Sturgeon (SSN-637). Laid down in August 1963, the boat was launched in February 1966 before being commissioned in March 1966.[8] Electric Boat would be the largest builder of the class, responsible for twelve boats in total. It was followed by Newport News Shipbuilding (with nine boats), Ingalls Shipbuilding (seven boats), San Francisco Naval Shipyard/Mare Island Naval Shipyard (five boats), General Dynamics Quincy Shipbuilding Division and Portsmouth Naval Shipyard (two boats each).[7] The final boat of the class, USS Richard B. Russell (SSN-687), was commissioned in August 1975.[9]

USS Glenard P. Lipscomb (SSN-685) was a significant modification of the Sturgeon design for an experimental propulsion system, and so was a one-ship class. USS Narwhal (SSN-671) was also identified as such during her construction, but later was admitted to have been a unique design with very little in common with the Sturgeon class

Originally designed for 20-year operational lives, boats of the Sturgeon class had this lengthened to 30 years, with a further planned three-year extension. However, many boats were retired prior to the limit to avoid costly nuclear refueling.[7] The first to be decommissioned, in October 1991, was USS Sea Devil; the last, USS Parche (SSN-683), was decommissioned in July 2005.[10] By then, the Los Angeles-, Seawolf-, and Virginia-class SSNs had entered service.

Keys

* Boats in orange(†) were built by General Dynamics Electric Boat in Groton, Connecticut.

* Boats in yellow(#) were built by Newport News Shipbuilding in Newport News, Virginia.

* Boats in lawn green(‡) were built by Ingalls Shipbuilding in Pascagoula, Mississippi.

* Boats in aqua(↓) were built by San Francisco Naval Shipyard/Mare Island Naval Shipyard in Vallejo, California.

* Boats in sandy brown(§) were built by General Dynamics Quincy Shipbuilding Division in Quincy, Massachusetts.

* Boats in red(↑) were built by Portsmouth Naval Shipyard in Kittery, Maine.

Length | Boat | Hull number | Ordered | Laid down | Launched | Delivered | Commissioned | Decommissioned | Period of service | Fate | Ref.

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292 ft (89 m) | Sturgeon † | SSN-637 | 30 November 1961 | 10 August 1963 | 26 February 1966 | 3 March 1967 | 3 March 1967 | 1 August 1994 | 27.4 | Disposed of by recycling; sail transferred to museum | [8]
Whale § | SSN-638 | 27 May 1964 | 14 October 1966 | 26 October 1968 | 12 October 1968 | 25 June 1996 | 27.7 | Disposed of by recycling | [11]
Tautog ‡ | SSN-639 | 27 January 1964 | 15 April 1967 | 30 August 1968 | 17 August 1968 | 31 March 1997 | 28.6 | Disposed of by recycling | [12]
Grayling ↑ | SSN-646 | 5 September 1962 | 12 May 1964 | 22 June 1967 | 10 December 1969 | 11 October 1969 | 18 July 1997 | 27.8 | Disposed of by recycling | [13]
Pogy ‡ | SSN-647 | 23 March 1963 | 5 May 1964 | 3 June 1967 | 15 May 1971 | 15 May 1971 | 11 June 1999 | 28.1 | Disposed of by recycling | [14]
Aspro ‡ | SSN-648 | 23 March 1963 | 23 November 1964 | 29 November 1967 | 20 February 1969 | 20 February 1969 | 31 March 1995 | 26.1 | Disposed of by recycling | [15]
Sunfish § | SSN-649 | 15 January 1965 | 14 October 1966 | 15 March 1969 | 15 March 1969 | 31 March 1997 | 28.0 | Disposed of by recycling | [16]
Pargo † | SSN-650 | 3 June 1964 | 17 September 1966 | 23 December 1967 | 5 January 1968 | 14 April 1995 | 27.3 | Disposed of by recycling | [17]
Queenfish # | SSN-651 | 11 May 1964 | 25 February 1966 | 6 December 1966 | 6 December 1966 | 14 April 1992 | 25.4 | Disposed of by recycling | [18]
Puffer ‡ | SSN-652 | 8 February 1965 | 30 March 1968 | 31 July 1969 | 9 August 1969 | 12 July 1996 | 26.9 | Disposed of by recycling | [19]
Ray # | SSN-653 | 4 January 1965 | 21 June 1966 | 19 April 1967 | 12 April 1967 | 16 March 1993 | 25.9 | Disposed of by recycling | [20]
Sand Lance ↑ | SSN-660 | 24 October 1963 | 15 January 1965 | 11 November 1969 | 1 October 1971 | 25 September 1971 | 7 August 1998 | 26.9 | Disposed of by recycling | [21]
Lapon # | SSN-661 | 26 July 1965 | 16 December 1966 | 14 December 1967 | 14 December 1967 | 8 August 1992 | 24.7 | Disposed of by recycling | [22]
Gurnard ↓ | SSN-662 | 22 December 1964 | 20 May 1967 | 8 December 1968 | 6 December 1968 | 28 April 1995 | 26.4 | Disposed of by recycling | [23]
Hammerhead # | SSN-663 | 28 May 1964 | 29 November 1965 | 14 April 1967 | 28 June 1968 | 28 June 1968 | 5 April 1995 | 26.8 | Disposed of by recycling | [24]
Sea Devil # | SSN-664 | 12 April 1966 | 5 October 1967 | – | 30 January 1969 | 16 October 1991 | 22.7 | Disposed of by recycling | [25]
Guitarro ↓ | SSN-665 | 18 December 1964 | 9 December 1965 | 27 July 1968 | 9 September 1972 | 9 September 1972 | 29 May 1992 | 19.7 | Disposed of by recycling | [26]
Hawkbill | SSN-666 | 12 September 1966 | 12 April 1969 | 1 March 1971 | 4 February 1971 | 15 March 2000 | 29.1 | Disposed of by recycling | [27]
Bergall † | SSN-667 | 9 March 1965 | 16 April 1966 | 17 February 1968 | 9 June 1969 | 13 June 1969 | 6 June 1996 | 27.0 | Disposed of by recycling | [28]
Spadefish # | SSN-668 | 21 December 1966 | 15 May 1968 | 14 August 1969 | 14 August 1969 | 11 April 1997 | 27.7 | Disposed of by recycling | [29]
Seahorse † | SSN-669 | 13 August 1966 | 15 June 1968 | 24 September 1969 | 19 September 1969 | 17 August 1995 | 25.9 | Disposed of by recycling | [30]
Finback # | SSN-670 | 26 June 1967 | 7 December 1968 | 1 February 1970 | 4 February 1970 | 28 March 1997 | 27.1 | Disposed of by recycling | [31]
Pintado ↓ | SSN-672 | 29 December 1965 | 27 October 1967 | 16 August 1969 | 1 September 1971 | 11 September 1971 | 26 February 1998 | 26.5 | Disposed of by recycling | [32]
Flying Fish † | SSN-673 | 15 July 1966 | 30 June 1967 | 17 May 1969 | 1 April 1970 | 29 April 1970 | 16 May 1996 | 26.0 | Disposed of by recycling | [33]
Trepang † | SSN-674 | 28 October 1967 | 27 September 1969 | 1 August 1970 | 14 August 1970 | 1 June 1999 | 28.8 | Disposed of by recycling | [34]
Bluefish † | SSN-675 | 13 March 1968 | 10 January 1970 | 1 January 1971 | 8 January 1971 | 31 May 1996 | 25.4 | Disposed of by recycling | [35]
Billfish † | SSN-676 | 20 September 1968 | 1 May 1970 | 1 March 1971 | 12 March 1971 | 1 July 1999 | 28.3 | Disposed of by recycling | [36]
Drum ↓ | SSN-677 | 15 March 1967 | 20 August 1968 | 23 May 1970 | 1 April 1972 | 15 April 1972 | 30 October 1995 | 23.5 | Disposed of by recycling | [37]
302 ft (92 m) | Archerfish † | SSN-678 | 25 June 1968 | 19 June 1969 | 16 January 1971 | 1 December 1971 | 17 December 1971 | 31 March 1998 | 26.3 | Disposed of by recycling | [38]
Silversides † | SSN-679 | 13 October 1969 | 4 June 1971 | 5 May 1972 | 5 May 1972 | 21 July 1994 | 22.2 | Disposed of by recycling | [39]
William H. Bates (ex Redfish) ‡ | SSN-680 | 4 August 1969 | 11 December 1971 | 1 May 1973 | 5 May 1973 | 11 February 2000 | 26.8 | Disposed of by recycling | [40]
Batfish † | SSN-681 | 9 February 1970 | 9 October 1971 | 1 September 1972 | 1 September 1972 | 17 March 1999 | 26.5 | Disposed of by recycling | [41]
Tunny ‡ | SSN-682 | 22 May 1970 | 10 June 1972 | 1 January 1974 | 26 January 1974 | 13 March 1998 | 24.1 | Disposed of by recycling | [42]
Parche ‡ | SSN-683 | 10 December 1970 | 13 January 1973 | 1 August 1974 | 17 August 1974 | 18 July 2005 | 30.9 | Disposed of by recycling | [10]
Cavalla † | SSN-684 | 24 July 1968 | 4 June 1970 | 19 February 1972 | 1 April 1973 | 9 February 1973 | 30 March 1998 | 25.1 | Disposed of by recycling | [43]
L. Mendel Rivers # | SSN-686 | 1 July 1969 | 26 June 1971 | 2 June 1973 | 1 December 1974 | 1 February 1975 | 10 May 2001 | 26.3 | Disposed of by recycling | [44]
Richard B. Russell # | SSN-687 | 25 July 1969 | 19 October 1971 | 12 January 1974 | 12 August 1975 | 16 August 1975 | 24 June 1994 | 18.9 | Disposed of by recycling | [9]

## References

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1. ^ a b c Chant 2005, pp. 72–73, 76.
2. ^ "USS Los Angeles (SSN 688)". Naval Vessel Register. Navy.mil. 4 January 2012. Retrieved 19 February 2012.
3. ^ Chant 2005, p. 72.
4. ^ a b c Friedman 1994, p. 145.
5. ^ Friedman 1994, p. 146.
6. ^ Friedman 1994, pp. 143–147.
7. ^ a b c d e "SSN-637 Sturgeon class". Federation of American Scientists. Fas.org. Archived from the original on 11 December 2012. Retrieved 19 February 2012.
8. ^ a b "USS Sturgeon (SSN 637)". Naval Vessel Register. Navy.mil. 16 July 2009. Retrieved 19 February 2012.
9. ^ a b "USS Richard B. Russell (SSN 687)". Naval Vessel Register. Navy.mil. 16 February 2011. Retrieved 19 February 2012.
10. ^ a b "USS Parche (SSN 683)". Naval Vessel Register. Navy.mil. 5 November 2007. Retrieved 19 February 2012.
11. ^ "USS Whale (SSN 638)". Naval Vessel Register. Navy.mil. 16 March 1998. Retrieved 19 February 2012.
12. ^ "USS Tautog (SSN 639)". Naval Vessel Register. Navy.mil. 24 February 2005. Retrieved 19 February 2012.
13. ^ "USS Grayling (SSN 646)". Naval Vessel Register. Navy.mil. 3 April 1998. Retrieved 19 February 2012.
14. ^ "USS Pogy (SSN 647)". Naval Vessel Register. Navy.mil. 24 May 2000. Retrieved 19 February 2012.
15. ^ "USS Aspro (SSN 648)". Naval Vessel Register. Navy.mil. 30 August 2001. Retrieved 19 February 2012.
16. ^ "USS Sunfish (SSN 649)". Naval Vessel Register. Navy.mil. 13 November 1997. Retrieved 19 February 2012.
17. ^ "USS Pargo (SSN 650)". Naval Vessel Register. Navy.mil. 1 March 1999. Retrieved 19 February 2012.
18. ^ "USS Queenfish (SSN 651)". Naval Vessel Register. Navy.mil. 11 June 2002. Retrieved 19 February 2012.
19. ^ "USS Puffer (SSN 652)". Naval Vessel Register. Navy.mil. 8 July 1997. Retrieved 19 February 2012.
20. ^ "USS Ray (SSN 653)". Naval Vessel Register. Navy.mil. 24 February 2005. Retrieved 19 February 2012.
21. ^ "USS Sand Lance (SSN 660)". Naval Vessel Register. Navy.mil. 24 February 2005. Retrieved 19 February 2012.
22. ^ "USS Lapon (SSN 661)". Naval Vessel Register. Navy.mil. 24 February 2005. Retrieved 19 February 2012.
23. ^ "USS Gurnard (SSN 662)". Naval Vessel Register. Navy.mil. 1 March 1999. Retrieved 19 February 2012.
24. ^ "USS Hammerhead (SSN 663)". Naval Vessel Register. Navy.mil. 11 August 1999. Retrieved 19 February 2012.
25. ^ "USS Sea Devil (SSN 664)". Naval Vessel Register. Navy.mil. 17 September 1999. Retrieved 19 February 2012.
26. ^ "USS Guitarro (SSN 665)". Naval Vessel Register. Navy.mil. 1 March 1999. Retrieved 19 February 2012.
27. ^ "USS Hawkbill (SSN 666)". Naval Vessel Register. Navy.mil. 11 June 2002. Retrieved 19 February 2012.
28. ^ "USS Bergall (SSN 667)". Naval Vessel Register. Navy.mil. 7 April 2005. Retrieved 19 February 2012.
29. ^ "USS Spadefish (SSN 668)". Naval Vessel Register. Navy.mil. 29 October 1997. Retrieved 19 February 2012.
30. ^ "USS Seahorse (SSN 669)". Naval Vessel Register. Navy.mil. 1 March 1999. Retrieved 19 February 2012.
31. ^ "USS Finback (SSN 670)". Naval Vessel Register. Navy.mil. 6 November 1997. Retrieved 19 February 2012.
32. ^ "USS Pintado (SSN 672)". Naval Vessel Register. Navy.mil. 9 November 1998. Retrieved 19 February 2012.
33. ^ "USS Flying Fish (SSN 673)". Naval Vessel Register. Navy.mil. 1 March 1999. Retrieved 19 February 2012.
34. ^ "USS Trepang (SSN 674)". Naval Vessel Register. Navy.mil. 24 May 2000. Retrieved 19 February 2012.
35. ^ "USS Bluefish (SSN 675)". Naval Vessel Register. Navy.mil. 24 February 2005. Retrieved 19 February 2012.
36. ^ "USS Billfish (SSN 676)". Naval Vessel Register. Navy.mil. 27 June 2008. Retrieved 19 February 2012.
37. ^ "USS Drum (SSN 677)". Naval Vessel Register. Navy.mil. 1 March 1999. Retrieved 19 February 2012.
38. ^ "USS Archerfish (SSN 678)". Naval Vessel Register. Navy.mil. 16 November 1998. Retrieved 19 February 2012.
39. ^ "USS Silversides (SSN 679)". Naval Vessel Register. Navy.mil. 6 November 2001. Retrieved 19 February 2012.
40. ^ "USS William H. Bates (SSN 680)". Naval Vessel Register. Navy.mil. 16 February 2011. Retrieved 19 February 2012.
41. ^ "USS Batfish (SSN 681)". Naval Vessel Register. Navy.mil. 3 January 2003. Retrieved 19 February 2012.
42. ^ "USS Tunny (SSN 682)". Naval Vessel Register. Navy.mil. 7 August 1999. Retrieved 19 February 2012.
43. ^ "USS Cavalla (SSN 684)". Naval Vessel Register. Navy.mil. 21 September 2001. Retrieved 19 February 2012.
44. ^ "USS L. Mendel Rivers (SSN 686)". Naval Vessel Register. Navy.mil. 16 February 2011. Retrieved 19 February 2012.

## Bibliography

[edit]

* Chant, Chris (2005). Submarine Warfare Today. Leicester, United Kingdom: Silverdale Books. ISBN 1-84509-158-2. OCLC 156749009.
* Friedman, Norman (1994). U.S. submarines since 1945: an illustrated design history. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 1-55750-260-9. OCLC 29477981.

## External links

[edit]

* Photo galleries of US nuclear attack submarines at NavSource.org

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Sturgeon class submarines.

* v
* t
* e

Sturgeon-class submarines

Short hull|

* Sturgeon
* Whale
* Tautog
* Grayling
* Pogy
* Aspro
* Sunfish
* Pargo
* Queenfish
* Puffer
* Ray
* Sand Lance
* Lapon
* Gurnard
* Hammerhead
* Sea Devil
* Guitarro
* Hawkbill
* Bergall
* Spadefish
* Seahorse
* Finback
* Pintado
* Flying Fish
* Trepang
* Bluefish
* Billfish
* Drum

Long hull|

* Archerfish
* Silversides
* William H. Bates
* Batfish
* Tunny
* Parche
* Cavalla
* L. Mendel Rivers
* Richard B. Russell

* Preceded by: Permit class
* Followed by: Los Angeles class

* List of submarines of the United States Navy
* List of submarine classes of the United States Navy

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*[t]: Discuss this template
*[e]: Edit this template