List of Swiss watch manufacturers

This is a list of Swiss watch manufacturers and brands.

Entries with an article should also be suitable for inclusion in Category:Watch manufacturing companies of Switzerland or Category:Swiss watch brands.

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.

Name  | Logo  | Founded (Year)  | Founded (City)  | Founder  | Headquarters  | Number of Employees  | Company Type  | Owner  | Key people

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88 Rue du Rhone |  | 2012  |  | Pierre and Elie Bernheim  | Geneva  |  |  | My Maracujá Sàrl  | Pierre Bernheim
A. Favre & Fils |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Adriatica |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Allgemeine Gesellschaft der Schweizerischen Uhrenindustrie |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Andreas Strehler |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Anonimo |  | 1997  |  | Federico Massacesi  | Florence, Italy  |  | Private |  |
Aquastar |  | 1962  |  | Frédéric Robert  | Geneva |  |  | Jeanrichard S.A.  |
Arcadia Watches |  | 1858  | Fleurier  | Claude Sanz  | Geneva  |  | Private |  | Richard Baldwin (CEO)
Armand Nicolet |  | 1875  |  | Armand Nicolet  | Tramelan | 20  | Privately held company |  |
Ateliers deMonaco |  | 2008  |  |  | Geneva  |  | Watch Manufacturer
Members of the Citizen Group  |  | Pim Koeslag, Robert van Pappelendam, Peter Stas
Audemars Piguet |  | 1875[1][2][3] | Le Brassus[1][2][3] | Jules Louis Audemars, Edward Auguste Piguet[1][2] | Le Chenit | 1,450  | Private |  |

* Alessandro Bogliolo (Chairman)
* Olivier Audemars (Vice Chairman)
* Ilaria Resta (CEO)

BALL Watch Company |  | 1891  | Ohio, USA  | Webb C. Ball  | La Chaux-de-Fonds  |  | Private  |  |
Baume |  | 2018  |  |  | Meyrin |  | Subsidiary of Richemont Group  | Compagnie Financière Richemont SA |
Baume et Mercier |  | 1918[1][2] | Les Bois[1] | William Baume, Paul Mercier[1][2] | Geneva |  | Subsidiary of Richemont |  | William Baume & Paul Mercier (Founders)
David Chaumet (CEO)
Baumgartner Frères Grenchen (BFG)  |  | 1899[3] | Grenchen[3] | Arnold Baumgartner  |  | 1700 (in 1974)[3] |  |  |
Bedat & Co |  | 1996  |  | Simone Bédat

Christian Bédat  | Geneva |  | Private Limited Company |  |
Bell & Ross |  | 1992  | Paris, France  | Bruno Belamich
Carlos Rosillo  | Paris  |  | Private  |  |
Bianchet |  | 2017  |  | Rodolfo and Emmanuelle Festa Bianchet  | Neuchâtel |  | Private  |  | Rodolfo and Emmanuelle Festa Bianchet
Blanchet |  | 1819  |  | Jean Blanchet |  |  |  | D Group  |
Blancpain |  | 1735[1][2] | Villeret[1][2] | Jehan-Jacques Blancpain[1][2] | Paudex/Le Brassus |  | Subsidiary  | The Swatch Group | Marc Hayek
Bovet Fleurier |  | 1822  |  | Edouard Bovet | Geneva |  | Privately held company |  |
Breguet |  | 1775[1][2] | Paris, France  | Abraham-Louis Breguet[1][2] | L'Abbaye |  | Subsidiary | The Swatch Group | Nicolas G. Hayek
Breitling SA |  | 1884[1] | Saint-Imier[1] | Léon Breitling[1][2] | Grenchen |  | Private  | Partners Group | Georges Kern (CEO)
Cabot Watch Company |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Carl F. Bucherer |  | 1888  |  | Carl F. Bucherer  | Lucerne | 200  | AG | Bucherer AG |

* Sascha Moeri (CEO)
* Jörg G. Bucherer (Chairman of the Board)

Catorex |  | 1858  |  | Constant Cattin  | Les Breuleux |  | Private  | Guy Albert Cattin  |
Cecil Purnell |  | 2006  |  | Cecil Purnell  | Geneva |  | Private |  | Cecil Purnell, Founder
Jonathan Purnell, co-founder, Horologist
Century Time Gems |  | 1966  |  | Hans-Ulrich Klingenberg  | Nidau |  |  |  | Philip W. A. Klingenberg (current company head)
Certina |  | 1888[1] | Grenchen[1] | Adolf & Alfred Kurth[1] | Le Locle |  | Member of the Swatch group | The Swatch Group |
Charriol |  | 1983  |  | Philippe Charriol | Geneva |  | Privately held |  |
Chopard |  | 1860[1] | La Chaux-de-Fonds[1] | Louis-Ulysse Chopard[1] | Geneva |  | Private (société anonyme)  | Scheufele family  | Co-presidents:
Caroline Scheufele
Karl-Friedrich Scheufele
Christian Jacques |  | 1988  |  | Christian Bach & Jacques Geeraerts  | Basel |  |  |  |
Chronoswiss |  | 1981[1] | Munich, Germany[1] | Gerd Rüdiger Lang[1] | Lucerne | 30  | Private  |  |

* Oliver Ebstein

Cimier |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cortébert |  | 1790[1] | Cortébert[1] | Abraham-Louis Juillard[1] | Cortébert |  | Watch maker  |  |
Cyma Watches |  | 1862  | Le Locle  | Joseph Schwob, Theodore Schwob  | La Chaux-de-Fonds |  | Privately held company
Public (HKEX) |  | Under care of Universal Genève
Czapek & Cie |  | 1845  |  | François Czapek  | Geneva |  | Privately held company |  | Xavier de Roquemaurel, CEO
Daniel Roth |  | 1988  |  |  | Vallée de Joux |  | Subsidiary  |

* The Hour Glass
* (1994–2000)
* Bulgari
* (2000–2011)
* LVMH
* (2011–present)

| Daniel Roth
Davidoff |  |  |  | Zino Davidoff | Basel |  |  | Oettinger Davidoff AG  |
De Grisogono |  | 1993  |  | Fawaz Gruosi  | Geneva |  | Privately held company | De Grisogono  |
Doxa S.A. |  | 1889[1] | Le Locle[1] | Georges Ducommun[1] |  |  |  |  | Romeo F. Jenny
Jan Edöcs (CEO)
Dreffa |  | 1874  | Geneva | Armand Dreyffus  | Geneva |  | Wholly owned subsidiary | TGX Holdings | Armand Dreyfus(founder)
Jacques Maguin (CEO)
Mark Haus (President)
Yehuda Fulda (chairman)
Dubey Schaldenbrand |  | 1946  |  | Georges Dubey
René Schaldenbrand  | La Chaux-de-Fonds |  |  |  | Cinette Robert

ETA SA |  | 1856[1] | Grenchen[1] | Urs Schild,[1] Josef Girard[1] | Grenchen |  | Subsidiary  | The Swatch Group Ltd. | Damiano Casafina, CEO
Ebel |  | 1911[1][2] | La Chaux-de-Fonds[1] | Eugène Blum,[1] Alice Lévy[1] | La Chaux-de-Fonds |  |  |  |
Eberhard & Co. |  | 1887[1][2] | La Chaux-de-Fonds[1] | George-Emile Eberhard[1][2] | La Chaux-de-Fonds |  |  |  | Barbara Monti, CEO, Mario Peserico, Managing Director
Ebosa  |  | 1915  | Grenchen[3] | Paul Leo Glocker[3] |  |  |  |  |
Endura Watch Factory |  | 1966  | Biel/Bienne |  | Biel/Bienne |  | Subsidiary | The Swatch Group | Pierre-André Bühler, President
Epos |  | 1983  | Biel | Peter Hofer  | Lengnau |  |  |  | Singi Chonge (chairman of the board)
Tamdi Chonge (CEO)
Era Watch Company |  | 1884  |  | Christian Ruefli-Flury  | Les Genevez |  | Private | Victor Strambini  | Christian Hotz (CEO)
Ernest Borel |  | 1856  | Neuchâtel[1] | Jules Borel[1] | Le Noirmont |  |  |  | Teguh Halim (The Board of Directors of Ernest Borel S.A.)
Eterna |  | 1856[1][2] | Grenchen[1][2] | Josef Girard and Urs Schild[1][2] | Grenchen  |  |  |  |
Excelsior Park  |  | 1866[2] | Saint-Imier[2] | Jules-Frédéric Jeanneret[2] |  |  |  |  |
F. P. Journe |  | 1999  | Geneva | François-Paul Journe  | Geneva |  | Private (SA)  |  |
Favre-Leuba |  | 1737  |  | Abraham Favre  | Solothurn |  |  |  |
Federation of the Swiss Watch Industry |  | 1982  |  |  | Bienne |  |  |  | Jean-Daniel Pasche
Fortis (Swiss watchmaker) |  | 1912[1] | Grenchen[1] | Walter Vogt[1] | Grenchen  | 40  | Privately held company |  | Owner and CEO - Jupp Philipp
Franck Muller |  | 1992  |  |  | Geneva |  | Private company  |  | Franck Muller
Frédérique Constant SA |  | 1988  |  | Aletta and Peter Stas  | Geneva |  | Subsidiary of Citizen Holdings |  | Niels Eggerding, Managing Director
Gallet & Company |  | 1826  | Geneva  | Humbertus Gallet  |  |  | Privately held company |  |
General Watch Co |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Girard-Perregaux |  | 1791[2] | Geneva[2] | Jean-François Bautte, Mouliné, Constant Girard, Marie Perregaux[2][3] | La Chaux-de-Fonds |  | Subsidiary  | Sowind Group | Patrick Pruniaux
Glycine (watch) |  | 1913[1] | Biel/Bienne[1] | Eugène Meylan[1] | Biel/Bienne  |  | Subsidiary | Invicta Watch Group | Eyal Lalo (Parent Group CEO), Daniele Andreatta (Managing Director)
Greubel Forsey |  | 2004  |  | Robert Greubel
Stephen Forsey  | La Chaux-de-Fonds |  | Private company  |  | Antonio Calce, CEO
Grovana |  | 1924  | Tenniken |  |  | 35  | Private company  |  | Christopher Bitterli (CEO)
Gérald Genta |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
H. Moser & Cie |  | 1828  | Saint Petersburg | Heinrich Moser  | Schaffhausen | 100  | Private  | MELB Holding Group (Meylan family)  | Georges-Henri Meylan (chairman)
Roger Nicholas Balsiger (Honorary chairman)
Edouard Meylan (CEO)
HYT (watchmaker) |  | 2012  |  | Lucien Vuillamoz (Inventor), Patrick Berdoz (chairman) | Neuchâtel | 11  |  |  | Gregory Dourde (CEO)
Hamilton Watch Company |  | 1892  | Lancaster, Pennsylvania, U.S.  |  | Bienne |  | Subsidiary | The Swatch Group |
Hanowa |  | 1963  | Biel/Bienne | Hans Noll
Elisabeth Noll-Wirz  | Möhlin |  | Public | ILG - International Luxury Group | Paris C. Brown
(CEO)
Hublot |  | 1980  |  |  | Nyon | 200  | Subsidiary | LVMH | Carlo Crocco (founder)
Ricardo Guadalupe (CEO)
IWC Schaffhausen |  | 1868[1] | Schaffhausen[1] | Florentine Ariosto Jones[1] | Schaffhausen | 650  | Subsidiary | Richemont |
Ikepod |  | 1994  |  | Oliver Ike
Marc Newson |  |  |  |  |
JC Biver |  | 2022  |  | Jean-Claude Biver (Founder)

Pierre Biver (Founder)

| Givrins |  | Private |  |
Jaeger-LeCoultre |  | 1833[2] | Le Sentier[2] | Antoine LeCoultre[2] | Le Sentier |  | Subsidiary  | Richemont | Catherine Rénier, CEO
Jean Lassale |  | 1976  |  | Jean Bouchet-Lassale  | Geneva  |  | Private  |  | Jean Bouchet-Lassale, founder; Pierre Mathys, watchmaker
Jean Perret |  | 1893  |  | Jean Perret  | Geneva |  | Privately held company  |  |
Jowissa |  | 1951  | Bettlach | Josef Wyss  |  |  |  |  |
Juvenia |  | 1860  | Saint-Imier | Jacques Didisheim-Goldschmidt  | La Chaux-de-Fonds |  | Subsidiary | Asia Commercial Holdings Ltd.  |
Laurent Ferrier |  | 2009  |  | Laurent Ferrier  | Plan-les-Ouates |  | Private  |  | Laurent Ferrier
Christian Ferrier
François Servanin
Le Phare-Sultana S.A.  |  | 1888[2][3] | Le Locle[2] | Charles Barbezat[2][3] |  |  |  |  |
Lemania |  | 1884  | L'Orient[3] | Alfred Lugrin[3] |  |  |  |  |
Linde Werdelin |  | 2002  |  |  | London & Copenhagen  |  | Independent  |  |

* Morten Linde
* Jorn Werdelin

Longines |  | 1832[1][2] | Saint-Imier[1] | Auguste Agassiz[1][2] | Saint-Imier | 340  | Subsidiary  | The Swatch Group |

* Matthias Breschan (President)

Louis Erard |  | 1929  |  | Louis Erard and André Perret  | Le Noirmont  |  | Privately held company |  | Alain Spinedi, Manuel Emch
Luminox |  | 1989  |  | Barry Cohen  | San Rafael, California |  | Private | Mondaine |
Manufacture Modules Technologies |  | 2015  |  |  | Geneva |  | SARL |  | Philippe Fraboulet, CEO
Manufacture Royale |  | 1770  | Ferney-Voltaire | Voltaire | Vallorbe |  | Privately held company |  |
Mathey-Tissot |  | 1886  | Les Ponts-de-Martel | Edmond Mathey-Tissot  | Geneva |  |  |  |
Maurice Lacroix |  | 1975  | Saignelégier |  | Zürich  | 220  |  |  |
Maitres du Temps |  | 2005  |  |  | La Chaux-de-Fonds  |  | Watchmaker  |  | Steven M. Holtzman
Mido (watch) |  | 1918  | Biel/Bienne | George G. Schaeren  | Le Locle |  | Member of the Swatch group | The Swatch Group | Franz Linder, President
Minerva  |  | 1858[2] | Villeret[2] | Charles Robert[2] |  |  |  |  |
Mondaine |  | 1951  | Solothurn | Erwin Bernheim  |  |  |  |  |
Montres Corum Sàrl |  | 1955[2] | La Chaux-de-Fonds[2] | Gaston Ries, Simone Ries and René Bannwart[2] | La Chaux-de-Fonds |  |  |  | Management Committee
Mouawad |  | 1890  | Beirut | David Mouawad  | Dubai, Geneva | 500  | Private |  | Robert Mouawad, Fred Mouawad, Alain Mouawad, Pascal Mouawad and Jimmy Mouawad
Movado |  | 1881[2] | La Chaux-de-Fonds[2] | Achille Ditesheim[2] | Paramus, New Jersey, U.S.  | 1,457  | Public |  | Efraim Grinberg (Chairman & CEO), Sallie A. DeMarsilis (CFO)
Nivada |  | 1879  | Grenchen  | Jacob Schneider  |  |  |  |  |
Ochs und junior |  | 2006  |  | Ludwig Oechslin
Kurt König  | La Chaux-de-Fonds |  |  |  |
Ollech & Wajs |  | 1956  |  | Albert J. Wajs
Joseph Ollech  | Zürich |  |  |  |
Omega SA |  | 1848[2] | La Chaux-de-Fonds | Louis Brandt[2] | Biel/Bienne |  | Subsidiary | The Swatch Group | Raynald Aeschlimann (President)
Orfina |  | 1922  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Oris |  | 1904  | Hölstein | Paul Cattin
Georges Christian  | Hölstein | 140  | Private company |  | Ulrich W. Herzog, Chairman

Claudine Gertiser-Herzog, Co-CEO

Rolf Studer, Co-CEO

Parmigiani Fleurier |  | 1996  | Fleurier | Michel Parmigiani  | Fleurier |  | Privately held company | Sandoz Family Foundation  | Guido Terreni (CEO)
Patek Philippe |  | 1839[2] | Geneva[2] | Antoni Patek, Franciszek Czapek, Adrien Philippe[2] | Plan-les-Ouates |  | Private (Société Anonyme)  | Stern family  |

* Philippe Stern (Honorary President)
* Thierry Stern (President)
* Claude Peny (CEO)
* Laurent Bernasconi (General Manager)

Patria (watchmaker) |  | 1892  | La Chaux-de-Fonds | Louis Paul
César Brandt  | Bienne |  |  |  |
Perrelet SA |  | 1777  |  | Abraham-Louis Perrelet  | Biel/Bienne  |  | Private  | Festina Group  | Miguel Rodriguez, President
Philippe Dufour |  | 1992  |  | Philippe Dufour  | La Sentier  |  | Watchmaking  |  |
Piaget SA |  | 1874  | La Côte-aux-Fées | Georges Edouard Piaget  | Geneva |  | Subsidiary  | Richemont | Georges Edouard Piaget (Founder)

Yves Piaget (President)
Chabi Nouri (Chief Executive Officer)

Purnell (company) |  | 2017  |  | Maurizio Mazzocchi (CEO)  | Geneva |  | Private |  |
Rado (watchmaker) |  | 1917  | Lengnau | Fritz Schlup Ernst Schlup Werner Schlup  |  |  |  |  |
Raymond Weil |  | 1976  |  | Raymond Weil  | Geneva  | 230  |  |  | Elie Bernheim (CEO)
Olivier Bernheim (President)
Raymond Weil (Founder)
Revue Thommen |  | 1853  | Waldenburg | Gédéon Thommen Louis Tschopp  | Baar, Switzerland |  |  |  |
Richard Mille |  | 2001  |  |

* Richard Mille
* Dominique Guenat

| Les Breuleux | 350  | Private | RICHARD MILLE Group  | Richard Mille,
(Chairman/CEO)
Richemont |  | 1988  | Geneva | Johann Rupert | Bellevue | 34,000  | Public | Compagnie Financière Rupert (Rupert family) (9.1% equity, 50% voting power)  | Johann Rupert (Chairman)
Jérôme Lambert (Group CEO)
Roamer of Switzerland |  | 1888[3] | Solothurn[3] | Fritz Meyer[3] | Wallbach, Aargau |  | Private | Chungnam Group of Companies | Christian Frommherz
(CEO)

Rodania |  | 1930  | Grenchen  | Baumgartner family  |  |  |  |  |
Roger Dubuis |  | 1995  |  | Roger Dubuis & Carlos Dias  | Geneva |  |  | Richemont International SA  |
Rolex |  | 1905  | London  | Hans Wilsdorf,[2] Alfred Davis  | Geneva  | 30,000  | Private | Hans Wilsdorf Foundation | Jean-Frédéric Dufour (CEO)
Romain Gauthier |  | 2002  |  | Romain Gauthier  | Le Sentier and Vallée de Joux |  |  |  | Romain Gauthier
Ronda (watchmaker) |  | 1944[3] | Lausen[3] | William Mosset[3] | Lausen | 1,400  |  |  |
Rotary Watches |  | 1895  | La Chaux-de-Fonds | Moise Dreyfuss  | Elm Yard, 13-16 Elm Street, United Kingdom  |  | Privately held company | Dreyfuss Group Ltd. |
Sandoz (watch company) |  |  | Tavannes | Henri Sandoz  |  |  |  |  |
Schwarz Etienne |  | 1902  |  | Paul Arthur Schwarz and Olga Etienne  | La Chaux-de-Fonds |  | Privately held company |  |
Solvil et Titus |  | 1892  |  | Paul Ditisheim | Hong Kong, Hong Kong |  |  |  | Paul Bernard Vogel (former owner)
Joseph Chong Chun Wong (Chairman)
Sowind Group |  |  |  |  | La Chaux-de-Fonds, Le Locle  |  |  |  | Patrick Pruniaux
Speake-Marin |  | 2002  | Bursins  | Peter Speake-Marin  | Geneva |  | Swiss watch brand  |  | Christelle Rosnoblet (CEO)
Squale Watches |  | 1959  | Neuchâtel | Charles von Büren  | Chiasso |  |  |  | Andrea Maggi, Massimo Maggi
Swatch |  | 1983  |  |  | Biel |  | Subsidiary | The Swatch Group | Nick Hayek Jr. (chairman, president)
TAG Heuer |  | 1860[1] | Saint-Imier[1] | Edouard Heuer[1][2] | La Chaux-de-Fonds |  | Wholly owned subsidiary | LVMH | Frédéric Arnault, CEO
Technos (watches) |  | 1924  | Welschenrohr | Joseph Gunzinger  |  |  |  |  |
Tissot |  | 1853[3] | Le Locle[3] | Charles-Félicien Tissot, Charles-Emile Tissot[3] | Le Locle | 250  | Subsidiary  | The Swatch Group | Sylvain Dolla (CEO)
Georges Nicolas Hayek Jr. (chairman of the board)
Titoni |  | 1919  | Grenchen  | Fritz Schluep  | Grenchen | 60  | Private  |  | Daniel Schluep
(CEO)
Tudor Watches |  | 1926  | Geneva | Hans Wilsdorf | Geneva  | 194  | Subsidiary | Montres Rolex SA |
Ulysse Nardin |  | 1846[2] | Le Locle[2] | Ulysse Nardin[2] | Le Locle |  | Subsidiary  | Sowind Group | Patrick Pruniaux (CEO)
Universal Genève |  | 1894[2] | Le Locle, Neuchâtel  | Numa-Emile Descombes, Ulysse Georges Perret,
Louis Edouard Berthoud[2] | Geneva |  | Privately held company
(1894-1989)
Public (HKEX)
(1989–present)  |  | Vincent Lapaire (CEO)
Vacheron Constantin |  | 1755[2] | Geneva[2] | Jean-Marc Vacheron[2] | Plan-les-Ouates | 1,200  | Subsidiary | Richemont (since 1996)  | Louis Ferla (CEO)
Valbray |  | 2009  |  | Côme de Valbray and Olga Corsini  | Romanel sur Morges  |  | Private company  |  |
Vanguart (watches)  |  | 2021  | Switzerland | Thierry Fisher, Jeremy Frelechox, Axel Leuenberger, Mehmet Korutürk  | La Chaux-de-Fonds |  | Private |  |
Victorinox |  | 1884  |  | Karl Elsener | Ibach | 1,850  | Aktiengesellschaft | Victorinox Foundation, Carl and Elise Elsener-Gut Foundation  | Carl Elsener Jr. (President, CEO & Chairman)
Wenger |  | 1893  |  | Paul Boéchat  | Delémont | 150  | Société anonyme | Victorinox AG |
West End Watch Co. |  | 1886  |  | Arnold Amstutz and Constant Droz  | Leytron (Valais)  |  | Private company |  | Jérôme Monnat Jr., current CEO
Zanuti |  | 1887  |  | Albert Favre Zanuti | Geneva  |  | Private  |  |
Zenith (watchmaker) |  | 1865[2] | Le Locle[2] | Georges Favre-Jacot[2] | Le Locle  |  | Wholly owned subsidiary | LVMH | Julien Tornare (current CEO)
Zeno-Watch Basel |  | 1868  |  | Jules Godat  | Basel | 28  | Private | Huber Family  | Felix W. Huber

## See also

[edit]

* List of watch manufacturers
* List of German watch manufacturers
* List of watchmakers

## References

[edit]

1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh Brunner, Gisbert L.; Pfeiffer-Belli, Christian; Downing, Alan; Hunter, Stephen; Lesouëf, Jean-Luc; Schmitt, Ingrid (1999). Wristwatches, Armbanduhren, Montres-bracelets. Köln, Germany: Könemann im Tandem. ISBN 978-382900660-6. OCLC 716528869.
2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf Brunner, Gisbert L.; Pfeiffer-Belli, Christian (2004). Wristwatches, Revised 4th Edition. Atglen, PA: Schiffer Publishing Ltd. ISBN 0-7643-1901-9. OCLC 1036915238.
3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u Trueb, Lucien F.; Ramm, Günther; Wenzig, Peter (2013). Electrifying the Wristwatch. Atglen, PA: Schiffer Publishing Ltd. ISBN 978-0-7643-4304-9.