List of Tirukkural translations by language

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Tirukkural, also known as the Kural, is considered one of the most widely translated non-religious works in the world.[1] As of 2020, the work has been translated into about 41 world languages. As of 2015, English language alone had about 54 versions available,[2] which is estimated to have crossed 100 by 2020.

## Table of available translations[edit]

S. No. | Language | Year of first
translation | No. of translations
available
(as of 2021) | No. of complete
translations available

|
|
|
|

1. | Arabic | 1976 | 4 | 3
2. | Armenian | 1978 | 1 | 1
3. | Bengali | 1939 | 4 | 4
4. | Burmese | 1964 | 1 | 1
5. | Chinese | 1967 | 2 | 2
6. | Czech | 1952 | 1 | 0
7. | Danish | 2021 | 1 | 1
8. | Dutch | 1964 | 1 | 0
9. | English | 1794 | 69 | 32
10. | Fijian | 1964 | 2 |
11. | Finnish | 1972 | 1 | 0
12. | French | 1767 | 18 |
13. | Garo | 2000 | 1 |
14. | German | 1803 | 8 |
15. | Gujarati | 1931 | 3 | 1
16. | Hindi | 1924 | 19 |
17. | Indonesian |  | 1 | 1
18. | Italian | 1985 | 1 | 1
19. | Japanese | 1981 | 2 |
20. | Kannada | 1940 | 8 |
21. | Konkani | 2002 | 1 | 1
22. | Korean | 1981 | 2 | 1
23. | Latin | 1730 | 3 | 1
24. | Malay | 1964 | 3 |
25. | Malayalam | 1595 | 21 |
26. | Marathi | 1930 | 3 | 2
27. | Meitei | 2012 | 1 | 1
28. | Norwegian | 2017 | 1 | 1
29. | Odia | 1978 | 6 | 5
30. | Polish | 1958 | 2 |
31. | Punjabi | 1983 | 2 |
32. | Rajasthani | 1982 | 1 |
33. | Russian | 1963 | 4 | 2
34. | Sanskrit | 1922 | 8 |
35. | Santali |  | 1 | 0
36. | Saurashtra | 1980 | 1 | 1
37. | Sinhalese | 1961 | 2 |
38. | Swedish | 1971 | 1 |
39. | Telugu | 1877 | 14 |
40. | Thai | 2019 | 1 | 1
41. | Tok Pisin | 2023 | 1 |
42. | Urdu | 1965 | 2 |
43. | Vaagri Booli |  | 1 |

## Alphabetically[edit]

* Arabic: Tirukkural translations into Arabic
* Bengali: Tirukkural translations into Bengali
* Chinese: Tirukkural translations into Chinese
* Czech: Tirukkural translations into Czech
* Dutch: Tirukkural translations into Dutch
* English: Tirukkural translations into English
* Fijian: Tirukkural translations into Fijian
* Finnish: Tirukkural translations into Finnish
* French: Tirukkural translations into French
* German: Tirukkural translations into German
* Gujarati: Tirukkural translations into Gujarati
* Hindi: Tirukkural translations into Hindi
* Japanese: Tirukkural translations into Japanese
* Kannada: Tirukkural translations into Kannada
* Konkani language: Tirukkkural translations into Konkani
* Korean language: Tirukkural translations into Korean
* Latin: Tirukkural translations into Latin
* Malay: Tirukkural translations into Malay
* Malayalam: Tirukkural translations into Malayalam
* Marathi: Tirukkural translations into Marathi
* Odia: Tirukkural translations into Odia
* Polish: Tirukkural translations into Polish
* Punjabi: Tirukkural translations into Punjabi
* Rajasthani: Tirukkural translations into Rajasthani
* Russian: Tirukkural translations into Russian
* Sanskrit: Tirukkural translations into Sanskrit
* Saurashtra: Tirukkural translations into Saurashtra
* Sinhalese: Tirukkural translations into Sinhalese
* Swedish: Tirukkural translations into Swedish
* Telugu: Tirukkural translations into Telugu
* Urdu: Tirukkural translations into Urdu

## See also[edit]

* India portal
* Philosophy portal
* Literature portal
* Poetry portal

* Tirukkural translations
* Category:Tirukkural translators

## References[edit]

1. ^ "Thirukkural translations in different languages of the world". www.oocities.org. Retrieved 10 January 2017.
2. ^ Pallu, Nelza Mara; Mohanty, Panchanan; Durga, Shiva (May 2023). "Thirukkural Translations: A Sacred Text From the Town of Peacocks—Mayilâpûr India" (PDF). International Journal of Development Research. 13 (5): 62551–62553. doi:10.37118/ijdr.26323.05.2023. ISSN 2230-9926. Retrieved 18 November 2023.

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Tirukkural

History|

* Valluvar (author)
* Elelasingan (disciple)
* Vasuki (wife)
* Dating the work
* Other names

Parts|

* Book of Aram
* Book of Porul
* Book of Inbam

Grammar|

* Kural Venba

Concepts and teachings|

* Ahimsa (Inna seyyaamai)
* Artha (Porul)
* Compassion (Arul)
* Dharma (Aram)
* Discipline (Olukkam)
* Giving (Eegai)
* Gratitude (Nandri)
* Hospitality (Virundhombal)
* Impartiality (Naduvu nilaimai)
* Kama (Inbam)
* Karma/Destiny (Uul)
* Love/Kindness (Anbu)
* Nishkama Karma (Ava arutthal)
* Non-killing (Kollaamai)
* Patience (Porai)
* Penance (Thavam)
* Selflessness (Thuravu)
* Self-restraint (Adakkam)
* Truthfulness (Vaaimai)
* Vegetarianism/Veganism (Pulaal marutthal)

Commentaries|

| Medieval|

* Dharumar
* Manakkudavar
* Dhamatthar
* Nacchar
* Paridhi
* Thirumalaiyar
* Mallar
* Pari Perumal
* Kaalingar
* Parimelalhagar

|

Modern|

* Vedagiri Mudaliar
* Saravanaperumal Aiyar
* K. Vadivelu Chettiar
* Kaviraja Pandithar
* Thirumeni Rathna Kavirayar
* Ramanuja Kavirayar
* V. O. Chidambaram Pillai
* Thiru Vi Ka
* Bharathidasan
* M. Varadarajan
* Namakkal Kavignar
* V. Munusamy
* V. R. Nedunchezhiyan
* Devaneya Pavanar
* Karunanidhi
* Solomon Pappaiah

Translations|

| Indian
languages|

* Gujarati: Kantilal L. Kalani
* P. C. Kokila
* Kannada: L. Gundappa
* B. M. Srikanthaiah
* S. Srinivasan
* Konkani: Narayana Purushothama Mallaya
* Suresh Gundu Amonkar
* Malayalam: G. Balakrishnan Nair
* Tiruvallam Bhaskaran Nair
* Marathi: Pandurang Sadashiv Sane
* Meitei: Soibam Rebika Devi
* Odia: Chittaranjan Das
* Gananath Das
* Punjabi: Tarlochan Singh Bedi
* Sanskrit: S. N. Sriramadesikan
* Saurashtra: Sankhu Ram

|

English|

* V. V. S. Aiyar
* K. M. Balasubramaniam
* A. Chakravarti
* William Henry Drew
* Charles E. Gover
* N. E. Kindersley
* John Lazarus
* S. M. Michael
* George Uglow Pope
* H. A. Popley
* Edward Jewitt Robinson
* Sivaya Subramuniyaswami
* P. S. Sundaram
* G. Vanmikanathan
* Emmons E. White

Other
languages|

* Czech: Kamil V. Zvelebil
* Fijian: Paul Geraghty
* Finnish: Pentti Aalto
* French: E. S. Ariel
* Alain Daniélou
* Gnanou Diagou
* Pierre-Eugène Lamairesse
* German: August Friedrich Caemmerer
* Karl Graul
* Friedrich Rückert
* Albert Schweitzer
* Japanese: Shuzo Matsunaga
* Takanobu Takahashi
* Latin: Constanzo Beschi
* Karl Graul
* Mandarin: Yu Hsi

Culture|

* Valluvar Year
* Kural Peedam Award
* Thiruvalluvar Award

Memorials|

* Valluvar Kottam
* Thiruvalluvar Temple
* Thiruvalluvar Statue
* Sarvajna and Tiruvalluvar statues installation

Legacy|

* Tiruvalluva Maalai
* A Letter to a Hindu
* Impact of Tirukkural
* Thiruvalluvar University
* Thiruvalluvar Twin Bridge

* Category
* Commons

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