List of Young Turks

Not to be confused with Young Ottomans.

This article is about members of the reform movement within the Ottoman Empire. For other uses, see Young Turks (disambiguation).

This is an incomplete list that refers to those who were part of the Young Turk movement in the Ottoman Empire. This revolutionary and progressive[1][2] movement consisted of several factions, with the Committee of Union and Progress (CUP) at its forefront. Despite the name Young Turks, followers were diverse in their religious and ethnic origins,[3][4][5] and some were not from the Ottoman Empire. Aside from Turks, members and supporters were mostly Jews, Albanians, Circassians, Kurds, Armenians, Greeks, and Arabs.[6][7][8][9]

Jewish and Arab members of Ottoman society were among the most active and radical in late Ottoman politics, which could be an explanation for their disproportionally large presence in the movement.[10] British ambassador to the Ottoman Empire Sir Gerard Lowther referred to the CUP as an 'Albanian business' and the 'Jew Committee of Union and Progress' to highlight the ethnic diversity of the Young Turks and the political activeness of ethnic minorities within the movement.[11][12]

Other majority non-Muslim ethnicities that had a considerable presence in, or a support base for, the Young Turk movement included, but were not limited to: Aromanians,[13] Germans,[14] Hungarians,[15] Poles,[16] and Serbs.[17]

Flag of the 1908 Young Turk Revolution

## List of notable members[edit]

This is a list of 86 noteworthy members of the Young Turks movement. It is not an exhaustive list, and is therefore subject to additions.

* A
* B
* C
* Ç
* D
* E
* F
* G
* H
* I
* İ
* K
* M
* N
* O
* P
* R
* S
* T
* U
* V
* Y

Portrait  | Name  | Birth date and place  | Death date and place  | Occupation(s)  | Ethnic origin(s)  | Other name(s)

|
|
|
|
|
|

| Abdülhalik Renda | (1881-11-29)November 29, 1881
Yanya, Janina vilayet, Ottoman Empire | October 1, 1957(1957-10-01) (aged 75)
Erenköy, Kadıköy, Istanbul, Turkey  | Acting President of Turkey
Speaker of the Grand National Assembly
Minister of Finance
Minister of Defense | Tosk Albanian |
| Abdullah Cevdet | (1869-09-09)September 9, 1869
Arapgir, Malatya, Ottoman Empire  | November 29, 1932(1932-11-29) (aged 63)
Istanbul, Turkey  | One of the founders of the CUP
Ophthalmologist | Kurdish |
| Abdyl Ypi | 1876 (1876)
Kolonjë, Janina vilayet, Ottoman Empire  | January 15, 1920(1920-01-15) (aged 43–44)
Durrës, Albania  | One of the initiators of the Congress of Lushnjë
Politician  | Albanian  |
| Agop Babikyan | 1856 (1856)
Edirne, Adrianople vilayet, Ottoman Empire  | August 1, 1909(1909-08-01) (aged 52–53)
Istanbul, Ottoman Empire  | Jurist
Politician  | Armenian
| Agop Boyacıyan | 1854 (1854)
Tekirdağ, Adrianople eyalet, Ottoman Empire  |  | Jurist
Politician  | Armenian  |
| Ahmed Niyazi Bey | 1873 (1873)
Resne, Ottoman Empire  | 1913(1913-00-00) (aged 39–40)
Vlorë, Albania  | Bey
Adjutant Major (kolağası)  | Tosk Albanian  |
| Ahmet Emin Yalman | 1888 (1888)
Selanik, Salonica vilayet, Ottoman Empire  | December 19, 1972(1972-12-19) (aged 83–84)
Istanbul, Turkey  | Journalist
Writer
Academic  | Jewish  |
| Ahmet Rüstem Bey | (1862-04-18)April 18, 1862
Lesbos, Eyalet of the Archipelago, Ottoman Empire  | September 24, 1934(1934-09-24) (aged 72)
Istanbul, Turkey  | Last Ottoman ambassador to the United States | Polish–British | Alfred Bilinski
| Ahmet Rıza | 1858 (1858)
Istanbul, Ottoman Empire  | February 26, 1930(1930-02-26) (aged 71–72)
Istanbul, Turkey  | Key early leader of the CUP
Politician
Educator  | Hungarian–Turk  |
| Alexander Parvus | (1867-09-08)September 8, 1867
Byerazino, Russian Empire | December 12, 1924(1924-12-12) (aged 57)
Berlin, Weimar Republic | Political and financial advisor of the Young Turks
Marxist theoretician
Publicist
Activist  | Lithuanian Jew | Israel Lazarevich Gelfand, Helphand
| Ali bey Huseynzade | (1864-02-24)February 24, 1864
Salyan, Russian Empire | March 17, 1940(1940-03-17) (aged 76)
Istanbul, Turkey  | One of the founders of the CUP
Creator of the modern flag of Azerbaijan
Philosopher
Doctor
Writer
Artist  | Azerbaijani |
| Ali Münif Yeğenağa | 1874 (1874)
Adana, Adana vilayet, Ottoman Empire  | January 4, 1951(1951-01-04) (aged 76–77)
Adana, Turkey  | Minister of Education  | Turkish  |
| Artin Boşgezenyan | 1861 (1861)
Gaziantep, Aintab Sanjak, Ottoman Empire  | 1923(1923-00-00) (aged 61–62)
Aleppo, State of Aleppo | Politician  | Armenian  | Artin Boshgezenian
| Atıf Kamçıl | 1880 (1880)
Çanakkale, Adrianople vilayet, Ottoman Empire  | January 21, 1947(1947-01-21) (aged 66–67)
Istanbul, Turkey  | Politician  | Turkish  |
| Avram Galanti | (1873-01-04)January 4, 1873
Bodrum, Aidin vilayet, Ottoman Empire  | August 8, 1961(1961-08-08) (aged 88)
Istanbul, Turkey  | Politician
Scholar
Historian  | Jewish  | Abraham Galante
| Ayetullah Bey | 1888 (1888)
Kadıköy, Istanbul, Ottoman Empire  | March 16, 1918(1918-03-16) (aged 29–30)
Istanbul, Ottoman Empire  | Founder and second president of the major Turkish multi-sport club Fenerbahçe SK | Circassian  | Anzawurıqo Şəwqiqo Ayetulah-biy
| Aziz Feyzi Pirinççizâde | 1878 (1878)
Diyarbakır, Diyarbekir vilayet Ottoman Empire  | February 17, 1933(1933-02-17) (aged 54–55)
Turkey  | Politician  | Kurdish  |
| Babanzade Ahmed Naim | 1872 (1872)
Baghdad, Baghdad vilayet, Ottoman Empire  | August 13, 1934(1934-08-13) (aged 61–62)
Istanbul, Turkey  | Politician
Philosopher  | Kurdish  |
| Bahaeddin Şakir | 1874 (1874)
Sliven, Adrianople vilayet, Ottoman Empire  | April 17, 1922(1922-04-17) (aged 47–48)
Berlin, Weimar Republic  | Politician
Writer  | Turkish  |
| Bedros Hallaçyan | 1871 (1871)
Istanbul, Ottoman Empire  | Paris, France  | Politician  | Armenian  |
| Bekir Fikri | 1882 (1882)
Çorhlu, Ottoman Empire  | December 21, 1914(1914-12-21) (aged 31–32)
Sarıkamış, Kars, Ottoman Empire  | Lieutenant colonel (Binbaşı)  | Albanian–Turk  | Beqir Grebeneja
| Black Musa | 1880 (1880)
Crete, Ottoman Empire  | 1919(1919-00-00) (aged 38–39)
Üsküdar, Istanbul, Ottoman Empire  | Secret police in the Special Organization of the Ottoman Empire
Volunteer soldier  | Sudanese | Zenci Musa
| Celal Nuri İleri | (1881-08-15)August 15, 1881
Gelibolu, Sanjak of Gelibolu, Ottoman Empire  | November 1, 1938(1938-11-01) (aged 57)
Istanbul, Turkey  | Important figure in the transition from a constitutional monarchy to a Republic
Politician
Writer  | Albanian  |
| Chaim Nahum | 1872 (1872)
Manisa, Aidin vilayet, Ottoman Empire  | 1960(1960-00-00) (aged 87–88)
Cairo, Egypt  | Last Grand Rabbi of the Ottoman Empire
Scholar
Jurist
Linguist | Jewish  | Haim Nahum
| Cherkes Ahmet | Serres, Salonica vilayet, Ottoman Empire  | (1915-09-06)September 6, 1915
Damascus, Syria vilayet, Ottoman Empire  | Paramilitary leader  | Circassian  | Çerkes Ahmet
| Çerkes Ethem | 1886 (1886)
Bandırma, Hüdavendigâr vilayet, Ottoman Empire  | September 21, 1948(1948-09-21) (aged 61–62)
Amman, Jordan  | Founder of the Kuva-yi Seyyare
Social bandit
Efe
Soldier  | Circassian  | Ethem the Circassian
| Çerkes Reşit | 1887 (1887)
Karacabey, Hüdavendigâr vilayet, Ottoman Empire  | September 10, 1951(1951-09-10) (aged 63–64)
Bursa, Turkey  | Member of Parliament  | Circassian  |
| Çerkes Tevfik |  |  | Soldier  | Circassian  |
| David Yellin | (1864-03-19)March 19, 1864
Jerusalem, Jerusalem Sanjak, Damascus Eyalet, Ottoman Empire  | December 12, 1941(1941-12-12) (aged 77)
Jerusalem, Mandatory Palestine | Central in the process of the revival of the Hebrew language
Researcher of the Hebrew language and literature
One of the leaders of the Yishuv
Founder of the first Hebrew College for Teachers
One of the founders of the Hebrew Language Committee and the Israel Teachers Union
Founder of the Zikhron Moshe neighborhood of Jerusalem
Politician  | Jewish  |
| Dervish Hima | 1872 (1872)
Struga, Manastir vilayet, Ottoman Empire  | April 13, 1928(1928-04-13) (aged 55–56)
Tirana, Albania  | One of the delegates who participated at the Albanian Declaration of Independence
Politician  | Albanian  | Ibrahim Mehmet Naxhi
| Despina Storch | 1894 or 1895
Istanbul, Ottoman Empire  | March 30, 1918 (aged 23–24)
Ellis Island, Jersey City and New York City, United States  | Spy  | Greek  | Despina Davidovitch, Baroness de Bellville, Madame Hesketh, Madame Nezie
| Djemal Pasha | (1872-05-06)May 6, 1872
Midilli, Vilayet of the Archipelago, Ottoman Empire  | July 21, 1922(1922-07-21) (aged 50)
Tbilisi, Georgian SSR, Soviet Union | One of the Three Pashas
Military leader  | Turkish  | Cemal Paşa, Ahmed Djemal
| Djevdet Bey | 1878 (1878)
İşkodra, Scutari vilayet, Ottoman Empire  | January 15, 1955(1955-01-15) (aged 76–77)
Istanbul, Turkey  | One of the leaders of the CUP
Governor of the Van vilayet during World War I | Albanian  | Tahir Cevdet Belbez, Djevdet Tahir Belbez, Jevdet Bey
| Doctor Nazım | 1872 (1872)
Selanik, Salonica vilayet, Ottoman Empire  | July 26, 1926(1926-07-26) (aged 53–54)
Ankara, Turkey  | Founding member of the CUP
Physician
Politician  | Jewish–Turk  | Selanikli Mehmed Nâzım Bey
| Emmanouil Emmanouilidis | 1867 (1867)
Tavlusun, Melikgazi, Angora vilayet, Ottoman Empire  | 1943(1943-00-00) (aged 75–76)
Athens, Greece  | Jurist
Politician  | Greek  |
| Emmanuel Carasso | 1862 (1862)
Selanik, Sanjak of Salonica, Salonica Eyalet, Ottoman Empire  | 1934(1934-00-00) (aged 71–72)
Trieste, Kingdom of Italy | Lawyer  | Jewish  | Emanuel Karasu
| Enver Pasha | (1881-11-22)November 22, 1881
Istanbul, Ottoman Empire  | August 4, 1922(1922-08-04) (aged 40)
Bukharan People's Soviet Republic, Soviet Union  | One of the Three Pashas
Military officer  | Albanian–Tatar | İsmail Enver
| Ernst Jackh | (1875-02-22)February 22, 1875
Bad Urach, Kingdom of Württemberg | August 17, 1959(1959-08-17) (aged 84)
New York City, United States  | Diplomat
Author
Journalist
Professor  | German  | Ernst Friedrich Wilhelm Jäckh
| Essad Pasha Toptani | 1863/1864 or 1875
Tirana, Scutari vilayet, Ottoman Empire  | June 13, 1920 (aged 44–57)
Paris, France  | Prime Minister of Albania
Albanian deputy in the Ottoman Parliament | Albanian  | Esad Pashë Toptani
| Eyüp Sabri Akgöl | 1876 (1876)
Ohrid, Manastir vilayet, Ottoman Empire  | August 16, 1950(1950-08-16) (aged 87–88)
Istanbul, Turkey  | One of the leaders of the 1908 Young Turk Revolution
Soldier
Politician  | Albanian  | Ohrili Eyüp Sabri, Ejup Sabriu
| Ferhat Bey Draga | 1880 (1880)
Mitroviça, Ottoman Empire  | December 2, 1944(1944-12-02) (aged 63–64)
Kralan, Gjakova, Yugoslavia | Politician  | Albanian  |
| Filip Mișea | 1873 (1873)
Chroupista, Ottoman Empire  | May 16, 1944(1944-05-16) (aged 70–71)  | Activist
Physician
Politician  | Aromanian | Filip Mişa, Filip Mise Efendi
| Friedrich Naumann | (1860-03-25)March 25, 1860
Störmthal, German Confederation | August 24, 1919(1919-08-24) (aged 59)
Leipzig, Weimar Republic  | Theologian
Politician  | German  | Joseph Friedrich Naumann
| Gregorios Anagnostu | 1881 (1881)
Grevena, Ottoman Empire  |  | Lawyer
Politician  | Greek  |
| Gyula Germanus | (1884-11-06)November 6, 1884
Budapest, Austria-Hungary | November 7, 1979(1979-11-07) (aged 95)
Budapest, Hungary | Islamologist
Professor
Writer
Soldier
Politician  | German–Jew | Julius Abdulkerim Germanus
| Hacı Sait Efendi | 1859 (1859)
Süleymaniye, Baghdad vilayet, Ottoman Empire  |  | Politician  | Iraqi |
| Halil Menteşe | 1874 (1874)
Milas, Aidin Eyalet, Ottoman Empire  | April 2, 1948(1948-04-02) (aged 73–74)
Milas, Turkey  | Official in the CUP  | Turkish  |
| Hasan Prishtina | (1873-09-27)September 27, 1873
Vıçıtırın, Kosovo vilayet, Ottoman Empire  | August 13, 1933(1933-08-13) (aged 59)
Thessaloniki, Greece | Prime Minister of Albania  | Albanian  | Hasan Berisha
| Hasan Tahsin | 1888 (1888)
Selanik, Salonica vilayet, Ottoman Empire  | May 15, 1919(1919-05-15) (aged 30–31)
İzmir, Aidin vilayet, Ottoman Empire  | Turkish war hero
Member of the Ottoman Special Organization
Journalist  | Jewish  | Osman Nevres
| Hristo Chernopeev | (1868-07-16)July 16, 1868
Dermantsi, Danube vilayet, Ottoman Empire  | November 6, 1915(1915-11-06) (aged 47)
Krivolak, Kingdom of Serbia | Among the leaders of the Bulgarian People's Macedonian-Adrianople Revolutionary Organization
Army officer  | Macedonian–Bulgarian |
| Ibrahim Temo | (1865-03-22)March 22, 1865
Struga, Manastir vilayet, Ottoman Empire  | August 5, 1945(1945-08-05) (aged 80)
Medgidia, Kingdom of Romania | Main founder of the CUP
Politician
Intellectual
Doctor  | Albanian  | Ibrahim Ethem Sojliu, Ibrahim Bërzeshta, Ibrahim Starova
| İshak Sükuti | 1868 (1868)
Diyarbakır, Diyarbekir vilayet, Ottoman Empire  | February 9, 1902(1902-02-09) (aged 33–34)
Sanremo, Kingdom of Italy  | Writer
Doctor  | Kurdish  |
| Kâmil Bey el-Esad | 1870 (1870)
Marjayoun, Ottoman Lebanon, Ottoman Empire  | 1924(1924-00-00) (aged 53–54)
Marjayoun, Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon, France  | Politician  | Lebanese |
| Kirkor Sinapyan | Ottoman Empire  | 1951 (1952)
Turkey  | Politician  | Armenian  |
| Mahmud Shevket Pasha | 1856 (1856)
Baghdad, Baghdad Eyalet, Ottoman Empire  | June 11, 1913(1913-06-11) (aged 56–57)
Ankara, Turkey  | Instrumental figure in the rise of the Young Turks
Generalissimo  | Georgian |
| Mehmed Cavid | 1875 (1875)
Selanik, Salonica vilayet, Ottoman Empire  | August 26, 1926(1926-08-26) (aged 50–51)
Ankara, Turkey  | Founding member of the CUP
Economist
Newspaper editor  | Jewish  |
| Mehmed Fevzi Paşa | 1859 (1859)
Damascus, Damascus eyalet, Ottoman Empire  |  | Politician  | Lebanese  |
| Mehmed Reshid | (1873-02-08)February 8, 1873
Russian Empire  | February 6, 1919(1919-02-06) (aged 45)
Istanbul, Turkey  | Official in the CUP
Economist
Governor of Diyarbekir vilayet during World War I
Physician  | Circassian  | Mehmed Raşid Şahingiray
| Mehmet Akif Ersoy | (1873-12-20)December 20, 1873
Istanbul, Ottoman Empire  | December 27, 1936(1936-12-27) (aged 63)
Istanbul, Turkey  | Author of the Turkish National Anthem
Poet
Writer
Academic
Politician  | Albanian–Uzbek | Mehmed Ragîf
| Mişon Ventura | 1881 (1881)
Hasköy, Pera, Istanbul, Ottoman Empire  | April 12, 1961(1961-04-12) (aged 79–80)
Istanbul, Turkey  | Jurist
Journalist  | Jewish  |
| Munis Tekinalp | 1883 (1883)
Serres, Salonica vilayet, Ottoman Empire  | 1961(1961-00-00) (aged 77–78)
Nice, France  | Writer
Philosopher
Journalist  | Jewish  | Moiz Cohen
| Nesim Mazliyah | 1878 (1878)
Manisa, Aidin vilayet, Ottoman Empire  | September 16, 1931(1931-09-16) (aged 52–53)
Beirut, Lebanon  | Politician  | Jewish  |
| Nexhip Draga | 1867 (1867)
Mitroviça, Ottoman Empire  | 1920(1920-00-00) (aged 52–53)
Vienna, Austria | Important figure of the Albanian National Awakening
Politician  | Albanian  | Mehmet Nexhip bey Draga, Mehmed Necib Draga
| Nicolae Constantin Batzaria | (1874-11-20)November 20, 1874
Kruševo, Manastir vilayet, Ottoman Empire  | January 28, 1952(1952-01-28) (aged 77)
Ghencea, Bucharest, Romania | Statesman
Cultural activist
Writer  | Aromanian  | Nikola Konstantin Basarya
| Nuri Killigil | 1889 (1889)
Manastır, Manastir vilayet, Ottoman Empire  | March 2, 1949(1949-03-02) (aged 59–60)
Sütlüce, Istanbul, Turkey  | General  | Albanian  |
| Osman Hamdi Bey | (1842-12-30)December 30, 1842
Istanbul, Ottoman Empire  | February 24, 1910(1910-02-24) (aged 67)
Istanbul, Ottoman Empire  | Founding father of both archaeology and the museum curator's professions in Turkey
Administrator
Intellectual
Painter
Writer  | Greek  |
| Pavlos Karolidis | 1849 (1849)
Kayseri, Angora eyalet, Ottoman Empire  | July 26, 1930(1930-07-26) (aged 80–81)
Athens, Greece  | Historian
Politician  | Greek  | Pavli Karolidi
| Prenk Bib Doda | 1860 (1860)
Orosh, Mirditë, Ottoman Empire  | March 22, 1919(1919-03-22) (aged 58–59)
Bregu i Matit, Lezhë, Principality of Albania | Prince of Mirdita
Politician in the Principality of Albania  | Albanian  | Prênk Pasha
| Rafael de Nogales | (1877-10-14)October 14, 1877
San Cristóbal, Venezuela  | July 10, 1937(1937-07-10) (aged 59)
Panama City, Panama  | Soldier
Adventurer
Writer  | Venezuelan | Rafael Inchauspe Méndez
| Rexhep Pasha Mati | 1842 (1842)
Mat, Ottoman Empire  | August 14, 1908(1908-08-14) (aged 65–66)
Istanbul, Ottoman Empire  | Marshal
Governor
War minister  | Albanian  | Matlı Recep Paşa
| Ruhi Khalidi | 1864 (1864)
Jerusalem, Jerusalem sanjak, Damascus eyalet, Ottoman Empire  | 1913(1913-00-00) (aged 48–49)
Istanbul, Ottoman Empire  | Politician
Writer
Teacher  | Palestinian | Ruhi el-Halidi Bey
| Said Halim Pasha | January 18 or 28, 1865 or February 19, 1864
Cairo, Egypt Eyalet, Ottoman Empire  | December 6, 1921(1921-12-06) (aged 56)
Rome, Kingdom of Italy  | Grand Vizier
General Secretary of the CUP  | Albanian  |
| Selma Rıza | (1872-02-05)February 5, 1872
Istanbul, Ottoman Empire  | October 5, 1931(1931-10-05) (aged 59)
Istanbul, Turkey  | Journalist
Novelist  | Hungarian–Turk  |
| Sassoon Eskell | (1860-03-17)March 17, 1860
Baghdad, Baghdad vilayet, Ottoman Empire  | August 31, 1932(1932-08-31) (aged 72)
Paris, France  | Father of the Parliament of Iraq
Statesman  | Baghdadi Jew | Ezekiyel Sason
| Shlomo Yellin | 1854 (1854)
Ottoman Empire  | 1912(1912-00-00) (aged 57–58)
Ottoman Empire  | Lawyer  | Jewish  |
| Simon Deutsch | 1822 (1822)
Vienna, Austrian Empire | March 24, 1877(1877-03-24) (aged 54–55)
Istanbul, Ottoman Empire  | Businessman
Bibliographer | Czech Jew |
| Spiro Ristiç | 1879 (1879)
Kalkandelen, Ottoman Empire  | November 11, 1938(1938-11-11) (aged 58–59)
Skopje, Kingdom of Yugoslavia | Mayor of Skopje
Politician  | Serbian | Spiro Hadzi Ristić
| Süleyman Askerî | 1884 (1884)
Prizren, Kosovo Vilayet, Ottoman Empire  | April 14, 1915(1915-04-14) (aged 30–31)
Berjisiya, Basra Vilayet, Ottoman Empire  | Co founder of the Teşkilât-ı Mahsusa
Soldier  | Circassian  |
| Talaat Pasha | (1874-09-01)September 1, 1874
Kardzhali, Adrianople vilayet, Ottoman Empire  | March 15, 1921(1921-03-15) (aged 46)
Berlin, Weimar Republic  | One of the Three Pashas  | Romani–Pomak | Mehmed Talaat
| Tevfik Nazif Arıcan | 1883 (1883)
Prizren, Kosovo vilayet, Ottoman Empire  | February 20, 1951(1951-02-20) (aged 67–68)  | Politician  | Albanian  |
| Thadée Gasztowtt | (1881-06-08)June 8, 1881
Paris, France  | January 22, 1936(1936-01-22) (aged 54)
Istanbul, Turkey  | Unofficial representative of Polish émigrés
Diplomat
Historian
Journalist  | Polish–Lithuanian | Tadeusz Seyfeddin Gasztowtt
| Ubeydullah Bey | 1858 (1858)
İzmir, Aidin eyalet, Ottoman Empire  | 1937(1937-00-00) (aged 78–79)
Istanbul, Turkey  | Politician  | Turkish  | Mehmet Ubeydullah Hatipoğlu
| Vitali Hayim Faraci | (1854-05-13)May 13, 1854
Serres, Salonica vilayet, Ottoman Empire  | December 5, 1918(1918-12-05) (aged 64)
Istanbul, Ottoman Empire  | Politician  | Italian Jew |
| Yane Sandanski | (1872-05-18)May 18, 1872
Vlahi, Ottoman Empire  | April 22, 1915(1915-04-22) (aged 42)
Blatata, near Pirin, Tsardom of Bulgaria | National hero in Bulgaria and North Macedonia | Macedonian–Bulgarian  |
| Yusuf Akçura | (1876-12-02)December 2, 1876
Ulyanovsk, Russian Empire  | March 11, 1935(1935-03-11) (aged 58)
Istanbul, Turkey  | One of the leading university professors in Istanbul
Politician
Writer  | Tatar  | Yosıf Xəsən uğlı Aqçurin, Yusuf Hasanovich Akchurin
| Yusuf Şetvan | 1868 (1868)
Istanbul, Ottoman Empire  | April 14, 1949(1949-04-14) (aged 80–81)
Istanbul, Turkey  | Politician  | Arab  |

## Citations[edit]

1. ^ Hanioğlu, M. Şükrü (2008). A Brief History of the Late Ottoman Empire. Princeton: Princeton University Press. p. 186\. ISBN 9780691146171. JSTOR j.ctt7t314.
2. ^ Demonian, Hripsimé (1996). The Sick Men of Europe. Gyumri: Shirak State University. p. 11.
3. ^ Worringer, Renée (May 2004). ""Sick Man of Europe" or "Japan of the near East"?: Constructing Ottoman Modernity in the Hamidian and Young Turk Eras". International Journal of Middle East Studies. 36 (2). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press: 210. JSTOR 3880032.
4. ^ Bein, Amit (30 October 2007). "A "Young Turk" Islamic Intellectual: Filibeli Ahmed Hilmi and the Diverse Intellectual Legacies of the Late Ottoman Empire". International Journal of Middle East Studies. 39 (4). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press: 608. JSTOR 30069490.
5. ^ Ergil, Doğu [in Turkish] (30 October 2007). "A Reassessment: The Young Turks, Their Politics and Anti-Colonial Struggle". Balkan Studies. 16 (2). Thessaloniki: University of Macedonia: 26.
6. ^ Zürcher, Erik J. (2010). The Young Turk Legacy and Nation Building: From the Ottoman Empire to Atatürk's Turkey. London: I.B. Tauris. pp. 110–111.
7. ^ Shaw, Stanford J. (27 July 2016). The Jews of the Ottoman Empire and the Turkish Republic. Springer Publishing. p. 238.
8. ^ Kechriotis, Vangelis (August 2004). "From Trauma to Self-Reflection: Greek Historiography Meets the Young Turks 'Bizarre' Revolution". Turkology Update Leiden Project. Leiden: Leiden University: 1. doi:10.25673/103715.
9. ^ Braude & Lewis 2014, pp. 200, 403.
10. ^ Hanssen, Jens (February 2011). ""Malhamé—Malfamé": Levantine Elites and Transimperial Networks on the Eve of the Young Turk Revolution". International Journal of Middle East Studies. 43 (1). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press: 32–33. doi:10.1017/S0020743810001182.
11. ^ Kedourie, Elie (1971). "Young Turks, Freemasons and Jews". Middle Eastern Studies. 7 (1). Taylor & Francis: 90–91. JSTOR 4282360.
12. ^ Braude & Lewis 2014, p. 425.
13. ^ Hanioğlu, M. Şükrü (2001). Preparation for a Revolution: The Young Turks, 1902-1908. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 259\. ISBN 9780199771110.
14. ^ Tamari, Salim (2011). "Shifting Ottoman Conceptions of Palestine: Part 1: Filistin Risalesi and the two Jamals". Jerusalem Quarterly (47). Institute for Palestine Studies: 32.
15. ^ Tiryaki, Rüştü Murat (14 September 2022). "Freemasonry's political and diplomatic entanglements in the last phase of Ottoman history: the peculiar case of the Committee of Union and Progress". Middle Eastern Studies. 59 (3). Taylor & Francis: 427–428. doi:10.1080/00263206.2022.2109147. hdl:11693/111641.
16. ^ Dominik, Paulina D. (2017). Pour la réforme de la justice ottomane: Count Leon Walerian Ostroróg (1867–1932) and His Activities in the Final Decades of the Ottoman Empire (PDF). Slavia Meridionalis (PhD). Vol. 17\. Warsaw: Polish Academy of Sciences. pp. 2, 15. doi:10.11649/sm.1441.
17. ^ Zürcher, Erik J. (October 1999). "Kosovo Revisited: Sultan Reşad's Macedonian Journey of June 1911". Middle Eastern Studies. 35 (4). Taylor & Francis: 34. JSTOR 4284038.

## References[edit]

* Braude, Benjamin; Lewis, Bernard, eds. (2014). Christians and Jews in the Ottoman Empire. Lynne Rienner Publishers.