List of assassinations in Europe

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Assassinations which took place on the continent of Europe include the following.

For the purposes of this article, an assassination is defined as the deliberate, premeditated murder of a prominent figure, often for religious or political reasons.

## Albania

[edit]

This section is an excerpt from List of assassinations in Albania § Assassinations (1913–present).[edit]

No. | Name of victim(s)  | Portrait  | Highest position held  | Date assassinated  | Name of assassin(s)  | Place of assassination  | Suspected motive and description of the assassination

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1  | Hasan Rıza Pasha |  | General in the Ottoman-Albanian army of Scutari Vilayet | 31 January 1913  | Osman Bali, Mehmet Kavaja  | A remote street near Rozafa Castle, Shkodër | Assailants were sent on the orders of Esad Toptani whose aim was to be the commander in charge of defending Shkodër from the invading Montenegrin forces.
2  | Gjeto Çoku |  | Prefect of Lezhë  | 7 October 1913  | Prenk Kol Brunga  | Lezhë | Brunga was paid by the House of Prenk Bib Doda to eliminate the Prefect of Lezhë. Brunga, a paid guard in the Gendarmerie of Lezhë at the time, assassinated Gjeto Çoku at dusk as the Prefect was taking an evening stroll with Franz Nopcsa.
3  | Lodewijk Thomson |  | Dutch military commander during the governance of Turhan Pasha.  | 15 June 1914  | Unknown  | Ura e Dajlanit, Durrës | Thomson made plenty of enemies during his short time of service in the country. The real motive of his murder has yet to be uncovered.
4  | Nexhat Libohova |  | Minister of Finance | 26 May 1915  | Osman Bali  | Shkallnur, Durrës | Political dispute with Esad Toptani.
5  | Çerçiz Topulli |  | Commander of the Gjirokastër military band  | 17 July 1915  | Montenegrin soldiers  | Shtoji field, Golem, Shkodër | Revenge over the killing of the Greek bishop Photios in 1906.
6  | Ded Gjo Luli |  | Leader of the Albanian revolt of 1911 | 24 September 1915  | Unknown  | Sheshëz, Orosh  | Killed for nationalist motives.
7  | Isa Boletini |  | Leader of the uprising to liberate Albanian lands  | 23 January 1916  | Pero Burič  | Ribnica bridge, Podgorica, Montenegro | Killed to suppress the Albanian resistance.
8  | Stath Melani |  | Orthodox priest  | 24 December 1917  | Josif Soropulli, Josif Stërmbeci, Vangjel Radimishti  | Balta e kuqe, Lipivan, Përmet | Melani was killed by a group of Greek nationalists for insisting on the use of the Albanian language in the local Orthodox liturgy.
10  | Prenk Bib Doda |  | Deputy Prime Minister | 22 March 1919  | Prenk Gjeto Çoku  | Zejmen, Lezhë | Bib Doda was killed in an ambush, while traveling from Durrës to Shëngjin in the company of British diplomat Eden, who was wounded. The motive was revenge for Bib Doda's ordering the assassination of Prenk Gjeto Çoku's father, Gjeto Çoku, the Prefect of Lezhë.
11  | Xhelal Koprëncka |  | Signatory of the Albanian Declaration of Independence | 21 October 1919  | Syrja Guri  | Dëllinjë, Qafa e Martës, Skrapar | Murdered for personal revenge.
12  | Sali Nivica |  | Journalist, Director of newspaper "Populli"  | 11 January 1920  | Kolë Ashiku  | A street near the Post Office, Shkodër | Killed for personal reasons.
13  | Abdyl Ypi |  | Prefect of Durrës  | 15 January 1920  | Sulejman Haxhi  | Durrës | Killed on the orders of Mustafa Kruja as one of the initiators of the Congress of Lushnjë.
14  | Esad Toptani |  | Prime Minister | 13 June 1920  | Avni Rustemi | Paris, France | The murder was likely ordered by political rivals even though the widely accepted theory was treason.
15  | Meleq Frashëri |  | General Commander of the Gendarmerie  | 8 March 1922  | Unknown  | Kodër-Kamëz, Tirana | Killed during clashes with the rebels against the government.
16  | Enrico Tellini |  | Head of the International Commission to survey the disputed border between Greece and Albania  | 27 August 1923  | Organized Greek band  | Delvinaq, Zhepë, Greece | To prevent the defining of the new boundary in favor of Albania.
17  | George B. De Long
Robert L. Coleman  |  | Real estate businessman
Financier  | 6 April 1924  | Local bandits  | Ura e Përroit, Mamurras | The only conclusive motive for the murders was random burglary.
18  | Avni Rustemi |  | Member of the Parliament  | 20 April 1924  | Jusuf Reçi | Hoxha Tahsin St., Tirana | The motive of the assassination remains a mystery.
19  | Azem Galica |  | Commander of a military band  | 25 July 1924  | Yugoslavian forces  | Galicë, Kosovo | Galica was killed by Yugoslav forces to suppress the movement against incorporating Kosovo into the newly formed state of Yugoslavia.
20  | Elez Isufi |  | Commander of the Dibër Band  | 30 December 1924  | Unknown assailants  | Kazermat, Peshkopi | The murder of Isufi was widely seen as a treasonous act.
21  | Luigj Gurakuqi |  | Served as Minister of Education two months prior.  | 2 March 1925  | Balto Stamolla  | Bari, Italy | Stamolla was a close relative of the Albanian Counsel in Bari, Çatin Saraçi.
22  | Zija Dibra |  | Served as Minister of Public Works in the Evangjeli I Cabinet | 6 January 1925  | Unknown  | Harizaj, Kavajë | Dibra was a fierce political opponent of prime minister Ahmet Zogu who came to power just two days after the assassination took place.
23  | Bajram Curri |  | Served as Minister of War in 1921  | 29 March 1925  | Unidentified  | By a cave in Dragobi, Tropojë | Killed by assailants who were sent on the orders of Hysen Kryeziu, at the time serving as the Prefect of Kosovo.
24  | Osman Bali |  | Commander of the Presidential Guard  | 5 September 1926  | Myslim Peza, Islam Leka  | Near Ura e Tabakëve, Tirana | The killing was due to political revenge.
25  | Isuf Dibra |  | Served as Minister of War in the Toptani Cabinet | 19 March 1927  | Unknown  | Tirana | Murdered by his assistant under unknown circumstances.
26  | Ceno Kryeziu |  | Minister of Albania in Prague  | 14 October 1927  | Alqiviadh Bebi  | Prague, Czechoslovakia | Killed for having collaborated with the Yugoslavs. The assassin was a close relative to Andon Beça, an ally of Shefqet Vërlaci.
27  | Llesh Topallaj |  | Officer of the Republican Guard  | 21 February 1931  | Ndok Gjeloshi, Azis Çami  | Operngasse St., Vienna, Austria | The official motive that circulated in the media at the time was that the assailants were trying to assassinate Ahmet Zogu.
28  | Mark Kapidani |  | Member of the Parliament  | 19 December 1932  | Geg Marka Gega  | Inside the Officers' Hall, near the Royal Palace, Tirana | The assassin was a former officer in the Army Reserve, once sentenced to 15 years imprisonment for his attempts to overthrow the government.
29  | Bajazid Doda |  | Photographer, Personal Secretary of Baron Nopcsa | 25 April 1933  | Franz Nopcsa von Felső-Szilvás | Singerstrasse St., Vienna, Austria | Killed for personal reasons.
30  | Hasan Prishtina |  | Former Prime Minister | 13 August 1933  | Ibrahim Çelo  | Thessaloniki, Greece | The assassin was apparently a former acquaintance but motives of the assassination remain unclear.
31  | Leon De Ghilardi |  | Officer of the Austro-Hungarian Army  | 16 August 1933  | Xhevahir Arapi  | Mulliri i Kashtës, Fier | Killed during the anti-government revolt.
32  | Qazim Bodinaku |  | Served as Prefect of Vlorë and later Berat  | 6 April 1939  | Unknown  | Unknown  | A Zog loyalist, he was murdered as he was trying to leave the country by 2 persons whom he had had a previous dispute with.
33  | Daut Hoxha [sq] |  | Commander of the Chameria Band  | 14 June 1940  | Sotir Demiri, Vangjel Pando, Dhimo Koçi, Kolo Sulioti, Sotir Vangjeli  | Sheshi i Rrahut, Konispol | The victim had been sentenced to death by the Greek State because of his anti-Greek resurgence in the region.
34  | Xhafer Ypi |  | Former Prime Minister  | 17 December 1940  | Unknown  | Unknown  | Killed during aerial bombardments.
35  | Sali Nijazi Dede |  | Dedebaba, Founder of the Bektashi Order | 28 November 1941  | Italian agents  | Bektashi Headquarters, Tirana | Did not accept to sign the act of invasion by Fascist Italy.
36  | Musa Puka |  | Prefect of Elbasan  | 2 October 1942  | Unknown  | Elbasan | Killed on a roadside by communist rebels.
37  | Skënder Çami [sq] |  | Police Superintendent for Korçë  | 4 March 1942  | Unknown  | Unknown  | The motives of the killing remain unknown.
38  | Qemal Stafa |  | Leader of the Communist Youth  | 5 May 1942  | A local policeman  | Tirana | Stafa was killed in a house on the outskirts of Tirana by a local Carabinieri. Rumors say that he may have been betrayed by one or more of his comrades, possibly Enver Hoxha (the first secretary of the Albanian communist party & leader of Albania), because he gained much from his death.
39  | Saverino Ricottini |  | Member of the Fascist Upper Council  | 25 March 1943  | Unknown  | Peja, Kosovo | The motives of the murder are unknown.
40  | Qazim Koculi |  | Served as Acting Prime Minister  | 2 January 1943  | Halil Alia  | Vlorë | Murdered by the fascist mercenary battalion of Halil Alia for personal reasons.
41  | Iljas Agushi [sq] |  | Deputy Prime Minister in the Merlika Cabinet | 27 October 1943  | Bujar Hoxha, Shahin Gjashta  | Tirana | The motives of the assassination were due to Agushi's collaboration with the invading Nazi forces.
42  | Hysen Myshketa [sq] |  | Member of the National Council  | 8 October 1943  | Unknown  | Durrës | Myshketa and his brother were murdered by three assassins as they were walking along the "Mussolini Boardwalk".
43  | Idhomen Kosturi |  | Chairman of the National Council  | 5 November 1943  | Kolë Laku  | Tirana | Murdered under the orders of the Communist Guerrilla unit.
44  | Aziz Çami |  | Military commander in the Vlora War | 15 December 1943  | Communist forces  | Tirana | Murdered for being a member of the Balli Kombëtar.
45  | Veli Vasjari |  | Chief of State Police  | 12 May 1944  | Unknown  | Korçë | Killed by communist partisans near the region of Gabravicë.
46  | Mustafa Gjinishi |  | Board member of the National Liberation Council  | 26 August 1944  | Unknown  | Sllatinë, Dibër | His death occurred during mysterious circumstances as he traveled to northern Albania.
47  | Lefter Kosova [sq] |  | Minister of Public Works under the Biçakçiu Cabinet | 6 September 1944  | Xhelal Staravecka  | Tirana | Murdered because of a previous political dispute.
48  | Mark Kodheli [sq] |  | Consul of Albania in Bari, Italy | 1944  | Unknown  |  |
49  | Shaban Polluzha |  | Member of the Yugoslavian Parliament  | 21 February 1945  | Yugoslavian soldiers  | Tërstenik, Drenicë, Kosovo | He was killed for being an irredentist.
50  | Miladin Popović |  | Head of the Communist Yugoslav Mission in Albania  | 13 March 1945  | Haki Taha  | Pristina, Kosovo | Popović mediated plans of keeping the territory of Kosovo under Serbian supervision.
51  | Ndrecë Ndue Gjoka |  | Deputy chairman of the executive committee of Mirditë  | 17 February 1946  | Members of the Mountains Committee  | Qafë-Vorrëz, Kaçinar, Mirditë | Killed for spreading educational leaflets.
52  | Mark Gjon Marku [sq] |  | Minister of Interior in the Bushati Cabinet | 14 June 1946  | Members of Armed Forces  | Perlat Forest, Prosek, Mirditë | Killed for personal reasons.
53  | Baba Faja Martaneshi |  | Deputy Leader of the National Liberation Front  | 18 March 1947  | Dede Baba Abazi  | Bektashi Headquarters, Tirana | Murdered due to political and religious differences.
54  | Kostaq Kotta |  | Prime Minister  | 1 September 1947  | Two prison guards  | Burrel Prison | Murdered because he was considered a political enemy.
55  | Nako Spiru |  | High ranking communist official in charge of the State Planning Commission  | 20 November 1947  | Unknown  | Tirana | The murder was officially ruled a suicide but he was most likely killed under the orders of Koçi Xoxe.
56  | Josif Papamihali |  | Mission head of the Unity Church of Albania  | 26 October 1948  | Labor camp guards  | Maliq | He was considered an enemy of the state along with thirty-seven other priests.
57  | Bardhok Biba |  | Member of the People's Assembly  | 9 August 1949  | Unknown  | Kaçinar, Lezhë | Killed by the anti-communist resistance guerrilla unit "Komiteti i Maleve".
58  | Pal Mëlyshi [sq] |  | Agent of the Sigurimi | 12 April 1950  | Unknown  | Ujë-Lurth, Mirditë | His suspicious death was considered accidental.
59  | Alush Lleshanaku [pl] |  | Legislative Member of the Corporative Fascist Upper Council  | 24 December 1950  | Ilo Stojko  | Elbasan | A staunch anti-communist resistance leader, Lleshanaku was assassinated by an agent of the Sigurimi.
60  | Sali Ormeni |  | Director of the Albanian State Police | 2 March 1951  | Unknown  | Rrogozhinë | Killed mysteriously a week after the bombing of the Soviet Embassy.
61  | Omer Nishani |  | Former Head of State  | 26 May 1954  | Unknown  | Tirana | His murder was officially ruled a suicide.
62  | Teme Sejko |  | Commander of the Naval Fleet  | 31 May 1961  | Qemal Birçe, Islam Gjondede  | Maminas, Durrës | The perpetrators tied a rope around his neck and killed him for personal reasons.
63  | Haxhi Hajdari [sq] |  | Member of the People's Assembly  | 8 April 1963  | Unknown  | Unknown  | Denounced as the "People's Enemy" by the regime, he was killed by artillery gunfire.
64  | Myslym Keta [sq] |  | Commander of the Tanks Regiment  | 26 February 1966  | Unknown  | Fushë-Arrëz | Keta was suspected to be an opponent of dictator Enver Hoxha.
65  | Mehmet Shehu |  | Prime Minister  | 17 December 1981  | Unknown  | Tirana | The official death was ruled a suicide but Shehu was more than likely killed by the Sigurimi under Hoxha's orders.
66  | Jusuf Gërvalla |  | Member of the Movement for Liberation of Kosovo  | 17 January 1982  | Agents of the UDB | Stuttgart, Federal Republic of Germany | To suppress the Albanian nationalist movement in Kosovo.
67  | Mustafa Band |  | Exiles  | 27 September 1982  | Security Forces  | Zhamë, Rrogozhinë | Prevented plot to assassinate dictator Enver Hoxha.
68  | Jean Marie Massellin |  | French Employee Club Med Corfu  | 18 Jun 1984  | Albanian Border Guards  | Vrine, Butrinti | Killed by Albanian border guards for accidentally straying in Albanian territorial waters.
69  | Aleksandër Kondo [sq] |  | National Weightlifting Champion  | 1 May 1987  | Unknown  | Gas station, New York | Likely assassination by Sigurimi agents to make it appear as an accident.
70  | Josif Budo |  | Local worker  | 10 July 1990  | Luan Allajbeu  | Main street, Kavajë | Killed for being an opponent of the regime.
71  | Artan Lenja |  | Wrestler  | 24 February 1991  | Military patrol  | Rruga "Ndre Mjeda", Tirana | Killed by a military patrol unit in charge of enforcing public order.
72  | Arben Broci |  | Engineer at a cigarette factory  | 2 April 1991  | Unknown  | Shkodër | Killed by a sniper to suppress public disorder.
73  | Gazmend Muça |  | Criminal  | 7 April 1992  | Naim Zyberi, Franc Konomi  | Xhamlliku, Tirana | Killed for personal reasons.
74  | Remzi Hoxha |  | Businessman  | 21 October 1995  | Responsible: Arben Sefgjini, Ilir Kumbaro, Avni Koldashi, Budion Meçe  | Kunë-Vain, Lezhë | The speculative rumor was that Hoxha was a UDB agent. He died from the injuries sustained during his torture inside the SHIK facility.
75  | Bujar Kaloshi |  | General Director of Prisons  | 26 July 1996  | Unknown  | Former aviation field, Tirana | Kaloshi's murder was likely influenced by his position as head of the prison system.
76  | Ahmet Krasniqi [sq] |  | Kosovo's Minister of Defence  | 21 September 1998  | Unknown  | "Haxhi Dalliu" street, Tirana | The motives for his killing are not yet known.
77  | Azem Hajdari |  | Member of the Assembly  | 22 September 1998  | Fatmir Haklaj, Jaho Mulosmani, Naim Cangu  | Tirana | The suspected motive for Hajdari's assassination was political revenge.
78  | Kleanthi Koçi |  | Chief Justice of the Supreme Court  | 21 February 1999  | Unknown  | Near Tirana International Hotel | Motives for his killing have yet to be uncovered.
79  | Arben Zylyftari [sq] |  | Police chief in Shkodër | 2 August 2000  | Bahri Tafili  | Lagja "Udhakryq", Shkodër | Killed due to his position as chief of police.
80  | Salih Tivari |  | General Secretary of the Muslim Community of Albania | 13 January 2002  | Unknown  | Headquarters of the Muslim Community of Albania  | Tivari had raised doubts about financial contributions coming from anonymous Muslim organizations.
81  | Gani Malushi [sq] |  | Chief of Police in Fushë-Krujë  | 6 August 2003  | Agim Pepa  | Durrës | The actual target in the killing was Malushi's personal chauffeur.
82  | Gramoz Palushi |  | Football fan  | 4 September 2004  | Panajotis Kladhis  | Island of Zakinthos, Greece | Killed because he celebrated the football victory of Albania over Greece.
83  | Vajdin Lame |  | Businessman  | 28 February 2005  | Unknown  | Tirana | Lame was part owner of national television station Top Channel. He was killed from a bomb planted inside an elevator alongside his friend Artan Arsi.
84  | Edmond Malollari |  | President of Tomori Berat football club  | 14 December 2005  | Unknown  | Tirana | The motive for the killing in broad daylight was likely because of unpaid debt.
85  | Fatmir Xhindi [sq] |  | Member of the Assembly  | 2 May 2009  | Unknown  | Roskovec, Fier | Motives of his murder remain a mystery.
86  | Fatos Xhani, Altin Dizdari, Sajmir Duçkallari, Kastriot Feskaj |  | State Police officers  | 7 August 2009  | Dritan Dajti | Iliria beach, Durrës | The officers on duty were killed as Dajti was resisting arrest.
87  | Remzi Veseli [sq] |  | Mayor of Tërthore Commune  | 25 October 2010  | Unknown  | Kukës | Motives for the killing remain unsolved.
88  | Hekuran Deda, Faik Myrtaj, Ziver Veizi, Aleks Nika |  | Participants in an anti-government protest | 21 January 2011  | Ndrea Prendi, Agim Llupo  | "Dëshmorët e Kombit" Boulevard, Tirana | Randomly killed to warn protesters from entering the Prime Minister's Office building.
89  | Skerdilajd Konomi |  | Judge of the 1st Circuit Court in Vlorë  | 9 September 2011  | Unknown  | "Vlorë-Skelë" street, Vlorë | Motives for the killing have yet to be uncovered.
90  | Arjan Selimi |  | Drug trafficker  | 26 September 2011  | Unknown  | Tirana | Selimi was the fiancé of television personality Inis Gjoni. His killing was a result of his past as a convicted drug trafficker.
91  | Adem Tahiraj [sq] |  | Chief of Police in Shijak  | 12 September 2012  | Ilir Xhakja  | Katund-Sukth, Durrës | Shot and killed during an operation for the arrest of the suspect.
92  | Dritan Lamaj |  | Chief of Commissariat No. 6 in Tirana  | 25 February 2013  | Arben Frroku  | Tirana | Frroku, a local businessman, had been physically assaulted by Lamaj a few months prior.
93  | Artan Santo [sq] |  | Founder of Credins Bank | 26 June 2014  | Unknown  | "Ibrahim Rugova" street, Tirana | Motives for his murder remain a mystery.
94  | Ibrahim Basha  |  | Officer of RENEA | 24 June 2015  | Unknown  | Lazarat, Gjirokastër | Killed by sniper fire during a drug sting operation.
95  | Artan Cuku |  | Police chief of Vlorë  | 8 April 2017  | Mikel Shallari  | Rruga e Kosovarëve, Tirana | Killed for work related revenge.

## Austria

[edit]

Date  | Victim(s)  | Assassin(s)  | Notes

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1913 | Franz Schuhmeier, socialist member of the Reichsrat | Paul Kunschak  |
1916 | Count Karl von Stürgkh, Minister-President of Austria | Friedrich Adler | Assassinated by Social Democratic politician in protest of World War I
1925 | Hugo Bettauer, journalist and writer, critic of antisemitism | Otto Rothstock, Austrian Nazi Party member  |
1934 | Engelbert Dollfuss, Chancellor of Austria[1] | Paul Hudl, Otto Planetta and other Austrian Nazis  | Part of a failed coup d'état, the July Putsch.
1936 | Moritz Schlick, German philosopher  | Johann Nelböck, student  | Shot at the University of Vienna
1975 | Daniş Tunalıgil, Turkish ambassador  | Justice Commandos of the Armenian Genocide
1987 | Hamid Reza Chitgar, exiled Iranian politician  | Agents of the Ministry of Intelligence of the Islamic Republic of Iran |
1989 | Abdul Rahman Ghassemlou, dissident Kurdish Iranian political leader  | Intelligence operatives of the Iranian Ministry of Intelligence led by Mohammad Jafar Sahraroudi  | Killed in Vienna during negotiations
2009 | Umar Israilov, Former bodyguard of Chechen President Ramzan Kadyrov | Chechen criminal group, ordered by Ramzan Kadyrov |

## Belarus

[edit]

Date  | Victim(s)  | Assassin(s)  | Notes

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1943 | Wilhelm Kube, German Nazi Generalkommissar for Weissruthenien (Belarus)  | Yelena Mazanik, a Soviet partisan  | Killed in Minsk during the Second World War
1948 | Solomon Mikhoels, Chairman of the Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee[2] | Police officers, led by Sergei Ogoltsov | Ordered by Joseph Stalin

## Belgium

[edit]

Date  | Victim(s)  | Assassin(s)  | Notes

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1127 | Charles I, Count of Flanders |  | Hacked to death by knights with broadswoards in St. Donatian's Cathedral
1950 | Julien Lahaut, chairman of the Communist Party of Belgium | Belgian royalists  | Shot in his home town of Seraing.
1971 | Maximiliano Gómez, Dominican communist leader  |  | Poisoned by his lover in Brussels.
1990 | Gerald Bull, Canadian developer of the Martlet cannon |  | Shot outside his apartment in Brussels. Believed to have been assassinated by the Mossad for his work on the Project Babylon "supergun" in Ba'athist Iraq
1991 | André Cools, former President of the Walloon Council, former Chairman of the Socialist Party and Minister of State |  | Killed in Liège.

## Bosnia and Herzegovina

[edit]

Date  | Victim(s)  | Assassin(s)  | Notes

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1415 | Pavle Radinović, nobleman  | Sandalj Hranić, Vukmir Zlatonosović and his men  |
1914 | Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife Sophie | Gavrilo Princip | Assassinated by the Serbian nationalist organization the Black Hand in Sarajevo. This assassination played a role in starting World War I[1]
1993 | Hakija Turajlić, deputy prime minister  | Army of Republika Srpska | Killed at a roadblock while under UNPROFOR escort during the Bosnian War

## Bulgaria

[edit]

Date  | Victim(s)  | Assassin(s)  | Notes

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1196 | Ivan Asen I, Tsar of Bulgaria | Ivanko |
1895 | Stefan Stambolov, former Prime Minister of Bulgaria |  | Died in Sofia after being stabbed.
1907 | Dimitar Petkov, Prime Minister of Bulgaria  |  | Killed in Sofia by an anarchist.
1923 | Aleksandar Stamboliyski, Prime Minister of Bulgaria  |  | Killed in his home town of Slavovitsa during the 9 June coup d'état
1925 | Stefan Nerezov, former Chief of the General Staff |  | Was among 150 killed in the Saint Nedelya Church bombing
1943 | Hristo Lukov, military officer, former Minister of War and leader of the far-right Union of Bulgarian National Legions | Violeta Yakova | Killed by the Bulgarian Resistance in Sofia.
1995 | Vasil Iliev, insurance boss and owner of "VIS-2", former wrestler  |  | Shot while being driven in Sofia.
1996 | Andrey Lukanov, former Prime Minister of Bulgaria[3] |  | Shot outside his apartment in Sofia.
2003 | Iliya Pavlov, president of Multigroup corporation and the wealthiest man in Bulgaria, former wrestler  |  | Shot outside his office in Sofia.
2005 | Georgi Iliev, football club owner, brother of the assassinated Vasil Iliev  |  | Shot in a restaurant in Sunny Beach.
2005 | Emil Kyulev, banker, ex-professional swimmer, voted Mr. Economics in Bulgaria for 2002  |  | Shot while driving along Bulgaria Boulevard, Sofia.
2006 | Ivan "Doktora" Todorov, businessman accused of smuggling  |  |
2008 | Borislav Georgiev, CEO of "Atomenergoremont" nuclear plant repair company  |  |

## Croatia

[edit]

Date  | Victim(s)  | Assassin(s)  | Notes

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480 | Julius Nepos, Roman emperor  |  | Assassinated near Salona (modern Solin).
1931 | Milan Šufflay, nationalist writer  |  |
1933 | Josip Predavec, politician and vice-president of the Croatian Peasant Party |  |
1991 | Ante Paradžik, politician and founder of the Croatian Party of Rights |  |
2008 | Ivo Pukanić, journalist  |  | See Assassination of Ivo Pukanić

## Cyprus

[edit]

Date  | Victim(s)  | Assassin(s)  | Notes

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1970 | Polykarpos Giorkatzis, government minister  |  | Shot in Mia Milia
1974 | Rodger Paul Davies, United States Ambassador to Cyprus |  | Killed by EOKA B sniper fire during an anti-American demonstration in Nicosia denouncing the Turkish invasion of Cyprus

## Czech Republic

[edit]

Date  | Victim(s)  | Assassin(s)  | Notes

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921 | Saint Ludmila, wife of Duke Bořivoj, grandmother of Duke Václav I | Tunna and Gomon  | Strangled by Viking warriors hired by Ludmila's daughter-in-law Drahomíra I.
935 | Wenceslaus I, Duke of Bohemia (Saint Wenceslaus)  |  | Stabbed to death in Stará Boleslav by noblemen affiliated with Boleslaus I
1306 | Wenceslaus III, King of Bohemia |  | Killed in Olomouc.
1634 | Albrecht von Wallenstein, Bohemian Generalissimo during the Thirty Years' War | Walter Devereux  | Stabbed to death in Cheb.
1923 | Alois Rašín, Finance Minister of Czechoslovakia | Josef Šoupal  | Shot in Prague.
1923 | Rayko Daskalov, Bulgarian politician and former cabinet minister  | Yordan Tsitsonkov | Shot by the Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization in Prague
1927 | Ceno Kryeziu, Albanian ambassador to Czechoslovakia  | Alqiviadh Bebi  | Shot in Prague.
1942 | Reinhard Heydrich, General in the Nazi German Schutzstaffel, major organizer of the Holocaust and governor of the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia | Jan Kubiš, Jozef Gabčík | Died after being wounded by a bomb thrown at him as he was being driven through Libeň near Prague, as part of Operation Anthropoid organized by the Czechoslovak government-in-exile and the British Special Operations Executive. The Lidice Massacre followed as retribution by the Nazis. A legend has it that he deliberately put the Crown of Bohemia on his head beforehand, meaning an untimely death.
2006 | František Mrázek, controversial entrepreneur  |  | Shot in the heart by a sniper

## Denmark

[edit]

Date  | Victim(s)  | Assassin(s)  | Notes

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1086 | Canute IV, King of Denmark |  | Killed in a peasant revolt
1286 | Erik V Klipping, King of Denmark |  | Killed in a conspiracy by members of the nobility

## Estonia

[edit]

Date  | Victim(s)  | Assassin(s)  | Notes

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1924 | Jaak Nanilson, member of the Riigikogu | Unknown (suspects were acquitted due to lack of evidence)  | The assassination was endorsed by local pro-communist MPs and in the Soviet media
1924 | Karl Kark, Minister of Transportation  |  | Shot by communist insurgents during the 1924 Estonian coup d'état attempt.
1930 | Johan Unt, military major-general  | Unknown

## Finland

[edit]

Date  | Victim(s)  | Assassin(s)  | Notes

|
|
|

1904 | Nikolai Ivanovich Bobrikov, Governor-General of Finland | Eugen Schauman | Killed by a Finnish nationalist for implementing Russification in Finland. Happens on day described in James Joyce's novel Ulysses, is briefly mentioned in the book.
1905 | Eliel Soisalon-Soininen, Chancellor of Justice | Lennart Hohenthal  | Shot in his apartment in Helsinki.
1911 | Valde Hirvikanta, President of the Turku Court of Appeal  | Bruno Forsström  |
1922 | Heikki Ritavuori, Minister of the Interior | Ernst Tandefelt | Shot at his home in Helsinki.

## France

[edit]

Date  | Victim(s)  | Assassin(s)  | Notes

|
|
|

1354 | Charles d'Espagne, constable of France  | Jean de Soult  |
1358 | Étienne Marcel, Parisian merchant  |  |
1407 | Louis of Valois, Duke of Orléans |  |
1419 | John the Fearless, Duke of Burgundy  | Tanneguy du Chastel and Jean Louvet | Killed during a parley with the Dauphin (the future Charles VII of France)
1572 | Gaspard de Coligny | Besme | Killed during the St. Bartholomew's Day massacre
1589 | Henri III, King of France  | Jacques Clément | Killed due to religious-political antagonism.
1610 | Henri IV, King of France  | François Ravaillac | Killed due to religious-political antagonism.
1617 | Concino Concini, chief minister to King Louis XIII |  |
1789 | Jacques de Flesselles, Provost of Paris |  |
1793 | Jean-Paul Marat, revolutionary  | Charlotte Corday | Stabbed in his bathtub. Later seen as a patriotic act.[by whom?]
1820 | Charles Ferdinand, Duke of Berry, younger son of the future King Charles X | Louis Pierre Louvel  |
1894 | Sadi Carnot, President of France | Sante Geronimo Caserio, anarchist  | Stabbed to death after a speech in Lyon.
1902 | Emile Zola, novelist and journalist  |  | Possibly killed in relation to the Dreyfus Affair and his publishing of his letter J'Accuse…!
1914 | Jean Jaurès, Socialist politician and pacifist[4] | Raoul Villain | Killed in Paris. The assassin was tried and acquitted in 1919.
1920 | Essad Toptani, former Prime Minister of Albania | Avni Rustemi |
1926 | Symon Petlyura, exiled President of Ukraine | Sholom Schwartzbard | Killed in Paris. The jury acquitted the murderer.[5]
1930 | Noe Ramishvili, former Prime Minister of Georgia | Cheka agents  | Killed in Paris
1932 | Paul Doumer, President of France  | Paul Gorguloff | Shot by a Russian emigre at a book fair at the Hôtel Salomon de Rothschild in Paris.[1]
1934 | Alexander I of Yugoslavia, king of Yugoslavia; Louis Barthou, Foreign Minister of France | Vlado Chernozemski, member of the IMRO | Killed in Marseille during a state visit.[6]
1938 | Ernst vom Rath, German diplomat  | Herschel Grynszpan | Killed in Paris. His murder was used as an excuse by the Nazis to commit the Kristallnacht in Germany
1941 | Marx Dormoy, socialist and former Interior Minister of France |  | Killed by a bomb believed to have been placed by the far-right organization La Cagoule
1944 | Constant Chevillon, head of FUDOFSI |  | Killed by the Gestapo in Lyon
1944 | Philippe Henriot, State secretary for Information and Propaganda of Vichy France |  | Killed by French resistants in Paris
1944 | Georges Mandel, former radical-socialist Interior Minister and French resistant |  | Killed by miliciens in the forest of Fontainebleau
1944 | Eugène Deloncle, milicien and former leader of clandestine far-right organisation La Cagoule |  | Killed by the Gestapo
1961 | Camille Blanc, Mayor of Évian-les-Bains | Organisation armée secrète | Killed for hosting negotiations between the French government and the FLN
1965 | Mehdi Ben Barka, Moroccan socialist leader and Third-World Tricontinental leader  |  | Disappeared in Paris
1972 | Mahmoud Hamshari, Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) representative in Paris  | Mossad, Israeli Secret Service  | Killed in his apartment by a bomb planted in his telephone as he answered a call in retribution for Munich Massacre at the 1972 Summer Olympics, the second of a number of attacks pursuant to Mossad assassinations following the Munich massacre.
1973 | Outel Bono, Chadian medical doctor and critic of Chadian President François Tombalbaye |  | Shot while climbing into his car in Paris.
1973 | Basil al-Kubaissi, professor and member of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine | Mossad | Shot dead
1973 | Mohammad Boudia, Algerian-born director of operations for Black September in France  | Mossad | Killed in Paris by a pressure-activated bomb packed with heavy nuts and bolts placed under his car seat as part of Mossad assassinations following the Munich massacre.
1975 | İsmail Erez, Turkish ambassador to France  | Armenian Secret Army for the Liberation of Armenia |
1976 | Jean de Broglie, former minister and one of the French negotiators of the Évian Accords |  |
1978 | François Duprat, neofascist writer  | Jewish Remembrance commando  |
1978 | Henri Curiel, Egyptian-born anticolonialist activist  |  | Shot in Paris
1978 | Bruno Bušić, dissident Croatian/Yugoslav writer  | Yugoslav secret police |
1978 | José Miguel Beñaran Ordeñana "Argala", Basque leader  |  | Killed by a bomb in Anglet, allegedly planted by the Batallón Vasco Español.
1978 | Ezzedin Kalak, chief of the PLO's Paris bureau  |  | Killed in his Paris office alongside his deputy Hamad Adnan in the Arab League building
1979 | Pierre Goldman, left-wing activist  |  | Shot in Paris
1979 | Robert Boulin, Minister of Labor  |  | Officially suicide, but a lot of anomalies revealed since.
1979 | Zuhair Muhsin, leader of the As-Sa'iqa faction within the PLO  |  |
1979 | Shahriar Shafiq, Imperial Iranian Navy Captain |  | Shot on the Rue Pergolese in Paris
1980 | Joseph Fontanet, former Education Minister |  | Killed in Paris.
1980 | Salah al-Din Bitar, exiled former Prime Minister of Syria |  | Killed in Paris.
1980 | Yehia El-Mashad, Egyptian atomic scientist  |  | Shot at the Le Méridien hotel in Paris.
1982 | Jean-Pierre Maïone-Libaude, right-wing activist and criminal  |  | Shot at Argent-sur-Sauldre soon after being released from prison.
1982 | Fadl Dani, deputy director of the PLO office in Paris  | Mossad | Killed in Paris by a car bomb as part of Mossad assassinations following the Munich massacre.
1982 | Yaakov Barsimantov, Israeli diplomat, Mossad agent  | Jacqueline Esber a.k.a. Rima, member of the Lebanese Armed Revolutionary Factions | Shot in the lobby of his home in the 16th arrondissement of Paris
1985 | René Audran, senior official of the Ministry of Defence | Action directe | Shot in Paris
1986 | Georges Besse, Renault executive  |  | Shot while emerging from his car in Paris by far-left activists of Action directe
1988 | Dulcie September, African National Congress representative  |  | Killed in Paris
1990 | Joseph Doucé, activist for sexual minorities  |  | Corpse found in Rambouillet forest; murder remains unsolved
1991 | Shapour Bakhtiar, exiled former Prime Minister of Iran |  | Stabbed to death at his residence in Suresnes along with his secretary.
1992 | Atef Bseiso, Palestine Liberation Organization head of intelligence  | Mossad | Killed in Paris
1995 | Abdelbaki Sahraoui, co-founder of the Algerian Islamic Salvation Front |  | Killed in Paris.
1998 | Claude Érignac, prefect of Corsica | Yvan Colonna | Shot in Ajaccio by a Corsican nationalist.
2013 | Sakine Cansız, Fidan Doğan and Leyla Söylemez, Kurdish nationalists  |  | Shot at Rue La Fayette in Paris.
2015 | Cabu, Elsa Cayat, Charb, Philippe Honoré, Bernard Maris, Mustapha Ourrad, Tignous and Georges Wolinski, cartoonists working for Charlie Hebdo | Chérif and Saïd Kouachi | See Charlie Hebdo shooting
2016 | Jacques Hamel, Roman Catholic priest of Saint-Étienne-du-Rouvray | Adel Kermiche and Abdel Malik Petitjean  | Stabbed to death during mass. See 2016 Normandy church attack.

## Georgia

[edit]

Date  | Victim(s)  | Assassin(s)  | Notes

|
|
|

555  | Gubazes II of Lazica, King of Lazica |  | Stabbed by two Byzantine generals
19 June 1920  | Fatali Khan Khoyski, former Prime Minister of the Democratic Republic of Azerbaijan | Aram Yerganian | Killed by the Armenian Revolutionary Federation as part of Operation Nemesis due to his role in the Armenian genocide
21 July 1922  | Djemal Pasha, former Ottoman Navy Minister  |  | Killed by the Armenian Revolutionary Federation as part of Operation Nemesis
3 December 1994  | Giorgi Chanturia, opposition politician  |  | Shot along with his wife by four gunmen in their car
20 May 2007  | Guram Sharadze, historian and nationalist politician  |  | Assassinated in Tbilisi

## Germany

[edit]

Date  | Victim(s)  | Assassin(s)  | Notes

|
|
|

235 | Alexander Severus, Roman emperor |  | Killed near Moguntiacum (present-day Mainz) by his troops.
268 | Postumus, Gallic emperor  |  | Killed in Mainz
268 | Laelianus, Gallic emperor  |  | Killed in Mainz
997 | Adalbert of Prague, Czech Bishop  | Prussian heathen  | Tortured to death near the Baltic Sea near present-day Elbląg, Poland
1208 | Philipp von Hohenstaufen, Holy Roman Emperor |  | Killed in Bamberg
1225 | Engelbert I. von Köln, Archbishop of Cologne |  |
1233 | Konrad von Marburg, inquisitor  |  |
1819 | August von Kotzebue, dramatist  | Karl Ludwig Sand |
German Reich (1871–1945)
1919 | Rosa Luxemburg, socialist writer  | Hermann Souchon (ordered by Waldemar Pabst) | Shot in Berlin in the wake of the Spartacist uprising
1919 | Karl Liebknecht, socialist lawyer and politician  | Horst von Pflugk-Harttung, Heinrich Stiege, Ulrich von Ritgen and Rudolf Liepmann (ordered by Waldemar Pabst) | Shot in Berlin in the wake of the Spartacist uprising
1919 | Kurt Eisner, socialist Minister-President of Bavaria | Anton Graf von Arco auf Valley | Killed in Munich.
1919 | Leo Jogiches, Marxist revolutionary  | Ernst Tamschick, Detective Sergeant of the Prison Moabit  | Shot in Berlin Prison Moabit
1919 | Hugo Haase, socialist politician and leader of the Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany | Johann Voß  | Died of sepsis from gunshot wounds
1921 | Talaat Pasha, former Ottoman Minister of Interior Affairs  | Soghomon Tehlirian | Killed in Berlin in retaliation for his role in the Armenian Genocide
1921 | Matthias Erzberger, former Vice-Chancellor of Germany and Minister of Finance | Members of Organisation Consul | Shot at Bad Griesbach.
1922 | Bahattin Şakir, Ottoman suspect in the Armenian Genocide  | Armenian Revolutionary Federation |
1922 | Walther Rathenau, Foreign Minister of Germany[4] | Ernst Werner Techow, Erwin Kern and Hermann Fischer  | Shot as he was being driven through Berlin by assassins in another car.
1930 | Horst Wessel, Sturmführer of the SS in Berlin | Albrecht Höhler  | Shot at point blank range in Karl-Marx-Allee, Berlin.
1934 | Kurt von Schleicher, former Chancellor of Germany | SS officers (ordered by Adolf Hitler) | Murdered at Babelsberg by the SS during the Night of the Long Knives along with his wife, Elisabeth
1934 | Gregor Strasser, politician and former Nazi Party member  | SS officers  | Killed in a prison cell in Berlin during the Night of the Long Knives
1934 | Erich Klausener, Catholic politician  | Kurt Gildisch, SS officer  | Shot at his office in Berlin during the Night of the Long Knives
1934 | Ernst Röhm, leader of the Sturmabteilung (SA)  | Michael Lippert, SS officer  | Shot in Stadelheim Prison by SS officers during the Night of the Long Knives.
1945  | Franz Oppenhoff, lawyer and appointed pro-Allied mayor of Aachen | SS officers (ordered by Heinrich Himmler) | Killed by an assassination unit composed of four SS men and two members of the Hitler Youth.
Federal Republic of Germany (1949–present)
1954 | Abdurrahman Fatalibeyli, Soviet Army defector and chief of the Azerbaijani desk for Radio Liberty |  |
1957 | Lev Rebet, exiled Ukrainian nationalist leader  | Bohdan Stashynsky, a KGB agent  | Poisoned by cyanide gas in Munich.
1959 | Stepan Bandera, exiled Ukrainian nationalist leader  | Poisoned by cyanide gas in Munich.
1961 | Salah Ben Youssef, Tunisian politician  |  | Shot in a hotel in Frankfurt.
1970 | Krim Belkacem, exiled former Vice President of Algeria |  | Shot in a hotel in Frankfurt.
1974  | Günter von Dreekmann, preisdent of the Berlin District court | 2 June Movement | Killed during attempted kidnapping
1977 | Siegfried Buback, Public Prosecutor General of West Germany | Red Army Faction members  | Shot while driving his car near Karlsruhe.
1977 | Jürgen Ponto, CEO of Dresdner Bank | Killed in Frankfurt.
1977 | Hanns-Martin Schleyer, president of the German employers' organization  | Kidnapped and later killed.
1986  | Karl Heinz Beckurts, physicist and research manager.  | Killed by a bomb near Strasslach in Munich
1989 | Alfred Herrhausen, Deutsche Bank CEO  | Killed by a bicycle bomb as his car passed by in Bad Homburg.
1991 | Detlev Karsten Rohwedder, director of Treuhandanstalt for the former East Germany | Killed in Düsseldorf.
1992 | Sadeq Sharafkandi, Fattah Abdoli, Homayoun Ardalan, Nouri Dehkordi, dissident Kurdish Iranian political leaders  | Agents of the Ministry of Intelligence of the Islamic Republic of Iran | Killed in Berlin (see Mykonos restaurant assassinations).
1992 | Fereydoun Farrokhzad, exiled Iranian cultural figure  | Agents of the Ministry of Intelligence of the Islamic Republic of Iran | Believed to have been killed as part of the Chain murders of Iran
2019 | Walter Lübcke, CDU politician and president of the Regierungsbezirk of Kassel | Stephan Ernst | Shot outside his home in Istha by a neo-Nazi terrorist
2019 | Zelimkhan Khangoshvili, exiled Chechen military commander  | Vadim Krasikov | Shot by an agent of the GRU

## Greece

[edit]

Date  | Victim(s)  | Assassin(s)  | Notes

|
|
|

514 BC | Hipparchus (son of Peisistratos), Tyrant of Athens | Harmodius and Aristogeiton |
461 BC | Ephialtes, leader of the radical democracy movement in Athens  |  |
404 BC | Alcibiades, Athenian general and politician  |  |
October, 336 BC | Philip II of Macedon, king of Macedon | Pausanias of Orestis | Assassinated in the theatre of ancient Aegae (present-day Vergina).
314 BC | Alexander, regent of Macedonia | Alexion, a Siyconian | Killed in Sicyon.
281 BC | Seleucus I Nicator, founder of the Seleucid dynasty |  | Killed near Lysimachia.
251 BC | Abantidas, tyrant of Sicyon |  |
192 BC | Nabis, Tyrant of Sparta | Aetolian League |
1831 | Ioannis Kapodistrias, first President of Greece | Konstantinos Mavromichalis and Georgios Mavromichalis | Killed outside Nafplio church in revenge for the imprisonment of the assassins' patriarch Petrobey Mavromichalis. Konstantinos was thrown over a cliff by the citizens of Nafplio while Georgios was executed by firing squad.
1905 | Theodoros Deligiannis, Prime Minister of Greece | Antonios Gherakaris  | Stabbed outside the Hellenic Parliament.
1907 | Marinos Antypas, socialist politician  |  | Killed at Pyrgetos in Thessaly.
1912 | Andreas Kopasis, governor of Samos |  |
1913 | George I of Greece, King of Greece[3] | Alexandros Schinas | Shot while walking in Thessaloniki as part of a possible conspiracy.
1948 | George Polk, American journalist critical of US aid to rightist Greek government  |  |
1963 | Grigoris Lambrakis, leader of the anti-fascist movement in Greece  | Emannouel Emannouilides and Spyro Gotzamanis  | Killed with a club in Thessaloniki.
1975 | Richard Welch, CIA Station Chief  |  | Shot as he was being driven through Athens.
1983 | George Tsantes; U.S. military attaché in Athens & deputy chief of the Joint United States Military Aid Group to Greece  | Revolutionary Organization 17 November | Killed in Athens.
1988 | Hagop Hagopian, leader of the Armenian Secret Army for the Liberation of Armenia |  | Killed in Athens.
1988 | William Nordeen, U.S. military attaché in Athens  | Revolutionary Organization 17 November | Killed in Athens.
1989 | Pavlos Bakoyannis, New Democracy parliamentarian  | Revolutionary Organization 17 November | Shot outside his office in Athens.
2000 | Stephen Saunders, Brigadier and British military attaché in Athens  | Revolutionary Organization 17 November | Killed by a motorcycle gunman as he was driving in Athens.
2013 | Pavlos "Killah P" Fyssas, musician  | Giorgos Roupakias  | Killed by Neo-Nazi organization Golden Dawn
2021 | Giorgos Karaivaz, investigative journalist  |  | Possibly killed by an organised crime group.[7]

## Hungary

[edit]

Date  | Victim(s)  | Assassin(s)  | Notes

|
|
|

904 | Kurszán, Chieftain of Hungary | Forces of Louis the Child |  |
1044 | Suspected conspirators against King Samuel Aba[8] | Forces loyal to Samuel Aba | 50 suspected lords arrested and executed  |
1044 | Samuel Aba,[9] King of Hungary |  | Fled after losing the Battle of Ménfő but was captured and assassinated  |
1209 | Csépán Győr, Palatine of Hungary | Tiba Tomaj |
1213 | Gertrude of Merania, queen consort  | Group of Hungarian nobles led by Peter, son of Töre | Stabbed for her blatant favoritism towards her German kinsmen and courtiers  |
1272 | Béla, Duke of Macsó | Henry Kőszegi |  |
1290 | Ladislaus IV, King of Hungary | Three Cumans – Árbóc, Törtel and Kemence  |
1311 | Amadeus Aba, Oligarch | Residents of Košice |  |
1386 | Charles III, King of Naples[10][11] | Balazs Forgach, Elisabeth of Bosnia, Nador Garai | Charles (II of Hungary, III of Naples) deadly wounded and died some days later.[12] |
1386 | Elisabeth of Bosnia, Queen of Hungary[13] | John Horvat |  |
1397 | Stephen II Lackfi, lord[14] | Hermann I of Celje | Assassinated on the orders of the Holy Roman Emperor Sigismund |
1456 | Ulrich II, Count of Celje[15][16] | Forces of Ladislaus Hunyadi |  |
1534 | Imre Czibak,[17] Bishop of Varad | Lodovico Gritti |  |
1551 | George Martinuzzi, Governor of Transylvania | Marco Aurelio Ferrari |  |
1613 | Gabriel Báthory, Prince of Transylvania | Hajduks | Killed after he was accused of planning to hand over Várad (now Oradea) to the Ottomans  |
1661 | Ákos Barcsay, Prince of Transylvania | Janos Kemeny |
1918 | István Tisza, Prime Minister of Hungary[4] |  | Assassinated by soldiers  |

## Iceland

[edit]

Date  | Victim(s)  | Assassin(s)  | Notes

|
|
|

1241 | Snorri Sturluson, historian and politician  | Gissur Þorvaldsson |

## Ireland

[edit]

See also: List of Irish Republican separatists organizations assassinations

Date  | Victim(s)  | Assassin(s)  | Notes

|
|
|

1186 | Hugh de Lacy, Lord of Meath | Gilla-Gan-Mathiar O'Maidhaigh  | Durrow, County Offaly
1189 | Conchobar Maenmaige Ua Conchobair, King of Connacht | Manus mac Flann Ua Finaghty, Aodh mac Brian, Muircheartach mac Cathal mac Dermot mac Tadhg, Giolla na Naomh Ua Mulvihill  | Assassination instigated by Conchobar ua nDiarmata, a rival for the title of King of Connacht. The victim's son Cathal Carragh Ua Conchobair later killed Conchobar ua nDiarmata in revenge.
1882 | Lord Frederick Charles Cavendish, Chief Secretary for Ireland | Irish National Invincibles |
1920 | Tomás Mac Curtain, Lord Mayor of Cork | Auxiliaries and RIC men  | Shot in his home by a group of masked men, likely members of the Royal Irish Constabulary.
1920 | Cairo Gang | Irish Republican Army | 12 British intelligence agents, assassinated on the morning of 21 November 1920 in coordinated attacks.
1922 | Seán Hales, Pro-Treaty Sinn Féin Teachta Dála | Anti-Treaty IRA | Killed as he left Dáil Éireann; fellow TD Pádraic Ó Máille was injured in the same attack, which was in reprisal against executions of anti-Treaty prisoners
1922 | Michael Collins, Chairman of the Provisional Government of the Irish Free State | Anti-Treaty IRA | Ambushed outside Cork
1927 | Kevin O'Higgins, Minister of Home Affairs and Justice of the Irish Free State[4] | Timothy Coughlin, Bill Gannon and Archie Doyle | Killed while on his way to Mass by three anti-Treaty members of the IRA.
1932 | Patrick Reynolds, Cumann na nGaedheal TD  | Joseph Leddy  | Shot dead during the 1932 election campaign by an ex-RIC policeman who had a personal grudge against him.[18][19]
1936 | Henry Boyle Townshend Somerville, Vice Admiral in the Royal Navy | Anti-Treaty IRA | Assassinated for providing assistance to Royal Navy recruits.
1976 | Christopher Ewart-Biggs, British ambassador to Ireland  | IRA | Killed by a land mine
1979 | Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma, Royal Navy Admiral of the Fleet, last Viceroy of India[3] | IRA | Killed by a bomb on board his boat along with three other people, including his grandson.
1991 | Eddie Fullerton, Sinn Féin county councillor | Ulster Defence Association | Shot at his home in Buncrana
1994 | Dominic McGlinchey, Irish National Liberation Army (INLA) leader  |  | Shot 14 times while making a call in a phone box.
1996 | Veronica Guerin, journalist  |  | Shot in a contract killing for her reporting on organized crime

## Italy

[edit]

Date  | Victim(s)  | Assassin(s)  | Notes

|
|
|

748 BC | Titus Tatius, Sabine King  |  | Killed in Rome.
579 BC | Lucius Tarquinius Priscus, Etruscan king of Rome  |  | Killed in Rome by the sons of Ancus Marcius.
554 BC | Phalaris, tyrant of Agrigento | Killed in an uprising led by Telemachus (Acragas) | Killed in Sicily. Said to be burned in his own brazen bull.
534 BC | Servius Tullius, Etruscan king of Rome  | Tarquin II | Killed in Rome.
439 BC | Spurius Maelius, wealthy Roman plebeian  | Gaius Servilius Ahala |
354 BC | Dion of Syracuse, tyrant of Syracuse | Calippus of Syracuse | Killed in Sicily
352 BC | Calippus of Syracuse, tyrant of Syracuse | revolting mercenaries led by Leptines II and Polyperchon  | reputedly was stabbed to death with the same sword he assassinated Dion less than two years earlier.
133 BC | Tiberius Gracchus, Roman tribune  |  | Killed in Rome by Roman senators.
91 BC | Marcus Livius Drusus, Roman tribune  |  | Resulted in the Social War.
44 BC | Julius Caesar, Roman general and dictator  | Marcus Junius Brutus, Gaius Cassius Longinus, and other members of the Roman Senate | Resulted in a series of civil wars and indirectly in the end of the Roman Republic.
43 BC | Cicero, Roman orator  |  | Killed near Formiae under orders from Mark Antony and with the approval of the Second Triumvirate.
41 | Caligula, Roman Emperor  | Cassius Chaerea, Marcus Vinicius, Lucius Annius Vinicianus, members of the Praetorian Guard, and others  |
54 | Claudius, Roman Emperor  | Uncertain, reputed to be Agrippina the Younger on behalf of Nero | Rumored to be killed by poison mushrooms supplied by Locusta.
62 | Claudia Octavia, Roman Empress  | Nero | Executed on the orders of Nero on the island of Pandateria off the coast of Italy in an attempt to quell the public outcry of their divorce.
69 | Vitellius, Roman Emperor  |  | Killed in Rome by the Flavian army.
69 | Galba, Roman Emperor  |  | Killed in Rome by the Praetorian Guard under orders from Otho.
96 | Domitian, Roman Emperor  | Stephanus, steward to Julia Flavia | Killed in Rome
192 | Commodus, Roman Emperor  | Narcissus, wrestler  | Killed in Rome
193 | Pertinax, Roman Emperor  |  | Killed in Rome by the Praetorian Guard.
193 | Didius Julianus, Roman Emperor  |  | Killed in Rome by the Praetorian Guard.
212 | Publius Septimius Geta, Roman Emperor  |  | Killed in Rome by centurions under orders of Caracalla.
217 | Caracalla, Roman Emperor  | Martialis  | Killed between Edessa and Carrhae (modern-day Sanli Urfa and Harran), possibly under orders of Macrinus.
222 | Elagabalus, Roman Emperor  |  | Killed in Rome by the Praetorian Guard under orders of Julia Maesa and Julia Mamaea.
238 | Maximinus Thrax, Roman Emperor  |  | Killed outside Aquileia by his troops.
238 | Pupienus, Roman Emperor  |  | Killed in Rome by the Praetorian Guard. See Year of the Six Emperors.
238 | Balbinus, Roman Emperor  |  | Killed in Rome by the Praetorian Guard. See Year of the Six Emperors.
253 | Volusianus, Roman Emperor  |  | Killed near Interamna by his troops
253 | Trebonianus Gallus, Roman Emperor  |  | Killed near Interamna by his troops
275 | Aurelian, Roman Emperor  | Mucapor and members of the Praetorian Guard | Killed near Caenophrurium (modern-day Corlu)
276 | Florianus, Roman Emperor  |  | Killed near Tarsus
882 | Pope John VIII |  |
1052 | Boniface III, Margrave of Tuscany |  |
1345 | Andrew, Duke of Calabria |  |
1412 | Gian Maria Visconti, Duke of Milan[20] |  |
1478 | Giuliano de' Medici, co-ruler of Florence | Francesco de' Pazzi and Bernardo Bandini  | Stabbed 19 times in the Pazzi conspiracy. Lorenzo de' Medici was also attacked, but escaped with his life.
1497 | Giovanni Borgia, Duke of Gandia, son of Pope Alexander VI |  |
1537 | Alessandro de' Medici, Duke of Florence | Lorenzino de' Medici |
1848 | Pellegrino Rossi, Papal States Minister of Justice  |  |
1900 | Umberto I, King of Italy[21] | Gaetano Bresci | Shot four times with a revolver due to the royal decoration of general Fiorenzo Bava Beccaris, who ordered a bloody repression in Milan in 1898. Influenced Leon Czolgosz to kill United States President William McKinley in 1901.
1921 | Said Halim Pasha, former Ottoman Prime Minister  | Arshavir Shirakian | Killed in Rome due to his role in the Armenian genocide.
1924 | Giacomo Matteotti, socialist politician[4] |  | Kidnapped and killed by Fascists after denouncing them for electoral fraud in the 1924 Italian general election
1925 | Luigj Gurakuqi, Albanian independence leader  | Baltjon Stambolla  | Killed in Bari
1945 | Benito Mussolini, fascist and former Prime Minister of Italy[22] | Band of Communist partisans led by Walter Audisio | Shot in the village of Giulino di Mezzegra in Lombardy. His lover Clara Petacci was also killed. See Death of Benito Mussolini
1962 | Enrico Mattei, head of the oil company Eni and supporter of Algerian independence |  | Died in a plane crash allegedly caused by a bomb near Bascapè in Lombardy
1972 | Giangiacomo Feltrinelli, publisher and partisan of leftist guerrilla movements  |  | Died in a bomb attack, probably with the involvement of the Italian secret service
1975 | Pier Paolo Pasolini, writer, poet and film director  | Giuseppe Pelosi  | Died in Ostia after being run over by his own car which Pelosi had stolen.
1977 | Taha Carım, Turkish Ambassador to the Holy See | Justice Commandos of the Armenian Genocide |
1978 | Aldo Moro, former Prime Minister of Italy | Red Brigades | Kidnapped and later killed. See Kidnapping of Aldo Moro.
1978 | Giuseppe Impastato, anti-mafia activist  | Sicilian Mafia | Killed by a charge of TNT placed under his own body.
1979 | Cesare Terranova, magistrate  | on orders of Sicilian Mafia Commission | Shot along with his driver as he was being driven through Palermo
1980 | Piersanti Mattarella, President of Sicily | Sicilian Mafia |
1982 | Pio La Torre, Communist politician  | Sicilian Mafia |
1982 | Carlo Alberto Dalla Chiesa, General of the Carabinieri Corps | Giuseppe Greco, Giuseppe Lucchese and members of the Mafia | Shot along with his wife and driver while being driven through Palermo while investigating the Mafia
1983 | Rocco Chinnici, magistrate  | Giuseppe Greco, Michele Greco and members of the Mafia | Killed by a car bomb in Palermo.
1992 | Giovanni Falcone, anti-mafia judge  | Giovanni Brusca, a member of the Sicilian Mafia  | Killed in a motorway bombing near Palermo.
1992 | Paolo Borsellino, anti-mafia judge  | Salvatore Riina and members of the Mafia  | Killed along with five police officers by a car bomb in Palermo. See Massacre of Via D'Amelio.
1992 | Salvo Lima, Member of the European Parliament for the Italian Islands | Sicilian Mafia  | Shot as he exited his car in Palermo.
1995 | Maurizio Gucci, businessman  | Hitman hired by his ex-wife, Patrizia Reggiani | Reggiani was convicted of ordering his murder in 1998
2002 | Marco Biagi, Labor Ministry advisor  | New Red Brigades | Killed in Bologna.

## Kosovo

[edit]

Date  | Victim(s)  | Assassin(s)  | Notes

|
|
|

1389 | Murad I, Third Sultan of the Ottoman Empire | Miloš Obilić | Assassinated by a Serbian knight during the Battle of Kosovo.
1888 | Ali Pasha of Gusinje, one of the leaders of the League of Prizren |  | Assassinated in Rugova Canyon near Peć.
1903 | Grigoriy Schterbina, Russian consul  | Albanian Ottoman officer  | Assassinated in Mitrovica
2003 | Tahir Zemaj, general in the Kosovo Liberation Army |  | Assassinated in Peć.
2014 | Elvis Pista, parliamentary candidate  |  | Assassinated in Rahovec.[23]
2018 | Oliver Ivanović, former State Secretary for the Serbian Ministry for Kosovo and Metohija |  | Assassinated in North Mitrovica.

## Latvia

[edit]

Date  | Victim(s)  | Assassin(s)  | Notes

|
|
|

2018 | Mārtiņš Bunkus, bankruptcy administrator  | Mikhail Ulman, Alexander Babenko, and Viktor Krivoshey  | Assassinated near Brothers' Cemetery in Riga. Was shot dead from a moving truck, while driving.

## Lithuania

[edit]

Date  | Victim(s)  | Assassin(s)  | Notes

|
|
|

1263 | Mindaugas, King of Lithuania  | Daumantas of Pskov and Treniota | Assassinated after taking his deceased wife Morta's sister as his new bride. She was however, already married to Daumantas. Treniota was Mindaugas' nephew.
1264 | Treniota, Grand Duke of Lithuania  | Courtiers loyal to Vaišvilkas, son of Mindaugas  |
1267 | Vaišvilkas, Grand Duke of Lithuania  | Leo I of Galicia |
1440 | Sigismund Kęstutaitis, Grand Duke of Lithuania  | Supporters of his cousin, Švitrigaila |

## Malta

[edit]

Date  | Victim(s)  | Assassin(s)  | Notes

|
|
|

1995 | Fathi Shaqaqi, Secretary-General of the Islamic Jihad Movement in Palestine | Mossad | Shot outside a hotel in Sliema.
2017 | Daphne Caruana Galizia, journalist and blogger  | Unknown (investigation underway)  | Killed by a car bomb near her home in Bidnija.

## Moldova

[edit]

Date  | Victim(s)  | Assassin(s)  | Notes

|
|
|

2023 | Oleg Khorzhan, leader of the Transnistrian Communist Party.  |  | Stabbed to death at his office in Sucleia, Transnistria (recognized internationally as part of Moldova).

## Montenegro

[edit]

Date  | Victim(s)  | Assassin(s)  | Notes

|
|
|

1860 | Danilo I, Prince of Montenegro |  | Killed in Kotor (then Austria-Hungary) by a member of Bjelopavlici tribe.
1945 | Sekula Drljević, Montenegrin nationalist and President of the Governing Committee of Italian governorate of Montenegro during World War II |  | Killed by Chetniks at a Displaced Persons camp in Austria

## Netherlands

[edit]

Date  | Victim(s)  | Assassin(s)  | Notes

|
|
|

754 | Saint Boniface, Christian missionary  |  | Killed by Frisian bandits
1099 | Conrad, Bishop of Utrecht |  |
1296 | Floris V, Count of Holland | Gerard van Velsen |
1425 | Duke John of Straubing-Holland |  |
1584 | William I of Orange, leader of the Dutch war of independence from Spanish rule (Eighty Years' War)  | Balthasar Gérard | Shot by a supporter of the Spanish cause
1649 | Isaac Dorislaus, diplomat  |  |
1672 | Johan de Witt, republican politician  |  | Murdered by an Orangist lynch mob in The Hague.
1672 | Cornelis de Witt, republican politician  |  | Murdered by an Orangist lynch mob in The Hague.
1938 | Yevhen Konovalets, Ukrainian nationalist  | Pavel Sudoplatov, agent of the NKVD | Explosive placed in a box of chocolates.
1943 | Folkert Posthuma, Nazi collaborator  | Resistance group CS-6  | Shot in front of his home in Vorden.[24]
1945 | Hannie Schaft, underground Resistance fighter  | Dutch Nazi officials  | Executed in the dunes of Bloemendaal.
1979 | Richard Sykes, British Ambassador to the Netherlands  | Provisional Irish Republican Army | Shot in The Hague.
1987 | Gerrit Jan Heijn, top manager of Ahold | Ferdi Elsas  | Kidnapped and later killed.
2002 | Pim Fortuyn, critic of Islam, immigration and multicultural policy and leader of the Pim Fortuyn List | Volkert van der Graaf | Shot in Hilversum by a left-wing critic and animal rights advocate. See Assassination of Pim Fortuyn
2004 | Theo van Gogh, film director, writer and critic of Islam | Mohammed Bouyeri | Shot and stabbed in Amsterdam by an Islamic extremist
2005 | Louis Sévèke, leftwing journalist  | Marcel Theunissen  | Shot with a rifle in Nijmegen.
2014 | Els Borst, former Deputy Prime Minister |  | Stabbed at her home in Bilthoven.
2019 | Derk Wiersum, lawyer  | Unknown, under investigation  | Shot to death in Amsterdam.
2021 | Peter R. de Vries, investigative journalist and crime reporter  |  | Shot in Amsterdam

## Norway

[edit]

Date  | Victim(s)  | Assassin(s)  | Notes

|
|
|

1136 | King Harald IV Gille of Norway  | Sigurd Slembe  | Killed by a pretender to the throne

## Poland

[edit]

Date  | Victim(s)  | Assassin(s)  | Notes

|
|
|

997 | Adalbert of Prague, Bishop of Prague, missionary, saint  | pagan Prussians led by Sicco | Assassinated in his efforts to convert the Baltic Prussians to Christianity
1079 | Stanislaus of Szczepanów, Bishop of Kraków (now a saint)  | Bolesław II the Bold |
1227 | Leszek the White, High Duke of Poland |  | Assassinated at the Gąsawa massacre
1296 | Przemysł II, king of Poland |  |
1922 | Gabriel Narutowicz, President of Poland[4] | Eligiusz Niewiadomski | Killed five days after his inauguration while attending the opening of an art exhibit at the Zachęta Gallery in Warsaw.
1927 | Pyotr Voykov, Soviet Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to Poland  | Boris Kowerda | Killed by a White émigré
1931 | Tadeusz Hołówko, Prometheist politician and diplomat  | Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists |
1934 | Bronisław Pieracki, Minister of Interior of Poland  | Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists |
1941 | Igo Sym, actor and Nazi collaborator  | Bohdan Rogoliński, Roman Rozmiłowski, and Wiktor Klimaszewski of the Union of Armed Struggle (ZWZ)  |
1942 | Marceli Nowotko, Communist activist and first secretary of the Polish Workers' Party |  |
1943 | Wilhelm Krüger, German chief of Gestapo operations in Nazi-occupied Poland | three fighters of the Polish resistance | Killed in Kraków.
1943 | Franz Bürkl, German Sicherheitspolizei officer  | Jerzy Zborowski and members of the Szare Szeregi | See Operation Heads.
1943 | Helmut Kapp, German Gestapo member  | Armia Krajowa | See Operation Heads.
1944 | Karl Freudenthal, German officer of the SS, Kreishauptmann of powiat Garwolin | Armia Krajowa | See Operation Heads.
1944 | Franz Kutschera, German SS general and chief of police  | Armia Krajowa | See Operation Kutschera.
1947 | Karol Świerczewski, Army general  | Ukrainian Insurgent Army |
1984 | Jerzy Popiełuszko, Roman Catholic priest  |  | Killed by the communist political police.
1992 | Piotr Jaroszewicz, former Prime Minister of Poland |  |
1998 | Marek Papała, Chief of the Police |  | Believed to have been killed by the Polish mafia.
1999 | Andrzej Kolikowski, leader of the Pruszków mafia | Ryszard Bogucki  | Shot in Zakopane
2005 | Zdzisław Beksiński, painter, photographer, sculptor  | Robert Kupiec  | Stabbed 17 times
2011 | Jolanta Brzeska, social activist  | Unknown  | Burned alive
2019 | Paweł Adamowicz, Mayor of Gdańsk[25] | Stefan Wilmont | Stabbed to death at a charity event.

## Portugal

[edit]

Date  | Victim(s)  | Assassin(s)  | Notes

|
|
|

139 BC | Viriathus, leader of the Lusitanian people that resisted Roman expansion over the regions of Western Iberia  | Audax, Ditalcus and Minurus |
1355 | Inês de Castro, posthumously declared Queen of Portugal  | Pêro Coelho, Álvaro Gonçalves, and Diogo Lopes Pacheco  |
1908 | Carlos I of Portugal, King, and Luiz Filipe of Portugal, Crown Prince[4] | Manuel Buíça and Alfredo Luís da Costa | Shot by assassins sympathetic to Republican interests and aided by anti-monarchic society Portuguese Carbonária. See Lisbon Regicide
1910 | Miguel Bombarda, member of the Chamber of Deputies of Portugal | Aparício Rebelo dos Santos  | Shot by a mental patient just before the 5 October 1910 revolution, of which he was a proponent
1918 | Sidónio Pais, President of Portugal | José Júlio da Costa | Shot at Rossio railway station in Lisbon. See Assassination of Sidónio Pais.
1921 | António Joaquim Granjo, Prime Minister of Portugal |  | See Bloody Night (Lisbon, 1921)
António Machado Santos, Naval officer and leader of the National Republican Federation
José Carlos da Maia
Freitas da Silva
Botelho de Vasconcelos
1965 | Humberto Delgado, general, presidential candidate and critic of the Estado Novo |  | Lured by Portuguese intelligence into an ambush near the Spanish border
1983 | Issam Sartawi, senior member of the Palestine Liberation Organization |  | Shot in a hotel.

## Romania

[edit]

Date  | Victim(s)  | Assassin(s)  | Notes

|
|
|

1601 | Mihai Viteazul, Ruler of Wallachia, Moldavia and Transylvania | Militants on order of General Giorgio Basta | Assassinated near Câmpia Turzii after the victory at the Battle of Guruslău.
1862 | Barbu Catargiu, Prime Minister of Romania |  | Killed in Bucharest after a parliamentary meeting.
1933 | Ion Duca, Prime Minister of Romania  | Nicolae Constantinescu
Ion Caranica
Doru Belimace  | Shot at Sinaia railway station by members of the Iron Guard.
1938 | Corneliu Zelea Codreanu, far right politician and leader of the Iron Guard | Members of the Romanian Gendarmerie | Killed in Tâncăbeşti.
1939 | Armand Călinescu, Prime Minister of Romania[22] | Iron Guard | Shot while being driven through Bucharest.
1940 | Nicolae Iorga, former Prime Minister of Romania, historian  | Iron Guard | Kidnapped and later killed.
1940 | Gheorghe Argeșanu, former Prime Minister  | Iron Guard | Murdered in Jilava prison with 63 other political prisoners. See Jilava massacre
1940 | Virgil Madgearu, politician and theorist of the National Peasants' Party | Iron Guard | Kidnapped and later killed
1945 | Constantin Tănase, actor  |  | Possibly killed by the invading Red Army after satirizing them.
1989 | Danny Huwé, Belgian journalist  |  | Shot by a sniper during the Romanian Revolution.

## Russia

[edit]

See also: List of Soviet assassinations and List of Russian assassinations

Date  | Victim(s)  | Assassin(s)  | Notes

|
|
|

Russian Empire
1682 | Artamon Matveyev, statesman, diplomat and reformer  | Streltsy | Killed during the Moscow uprising of 1682
1682 | Grigory Romodanovsky, boyar, general and diplomat  | Streltsy | Killed during the Moscow uprising of 1682
1762 | Peter III of Russia, Emperor of Russia | Unknown  | Possibly organized by Catherine the Great
1762 | Ivan VI of Russia, deposed Emperor of Russia | Unknown  | Executed on prior instructions from Catherine the Great during an attempt to rescue him from imprisonment in Shlisselburg Fortress by Vasily Mirovich
1801 | Paul I of Russia, Emperor of Russia | Band of dismissed officers led by Levin August, Count von Bennigsen, Vladimir Mikhailovich Yashvil, Nikolay Zubov and others  | Organized by Peter Ludwig von der Pahlen, Nikita Petrovich Panin and José de Ribas
1825 | Mikhail Miloradovich, military Governor of Saint Petersburg | Pyotr Kakhovsky | Killed during the Decembrist revolt
1878 | Nikolay Mezentsov, executive director of the Third Section | Sergey Stepnyak-Kravchinsky | Killed by a revolutionary belonging to the group Zemlya i volya
1881 | Alexander II of Russia, Tsar of All the Russias[1] | Ignacy Hryniewiecki | Killed in bombing organized by the revolutionary group Narodnaya Volya
1893 | Nikolay Alekseyev, Mayor of Moscow | Andrianov  | Killed by a deranged visitor in Moscow City Hall
1902 | Dmitry Sipyagin, Russian Interior Minister[4] | Stepan Balmashov | Killed by a member of the SR Combat Organization
1904 | Vyacheslav von Plehve, Russian Interior Minister  | Yegor Sazonov  | Killed by a bomb thrown by a member of the SR Combat Organization
1905 | Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich Romanov, former Governor-General of Moscow | Ivan Kalyayev | Organized by the SR Combat Organization
1911 | Pyotr Stolypin, Prime Minister of Russia | Dmitry Bogrov | Killed in a theater in Kiev by a member of the Socialist Revolutionary Party[4]
1916 | Grigori Rasputin, influential mystic, adviser to the Russian Imperial Family[21] | Group of nobles led by Felix Yusupov, Grand Duke Dmitri Pavlovich of Russia, Vladimir Purishkevich and Vasily Maklakov | Killed for his undue influence on the Russian Imperial Family
Provisional Government
1917 | Ivan Logginovich Goremykin, former Prime Minister  | Konstantin X Kotev  |
Bolshevik Russia
1918 | Andrei Shingarev, Kadet politician  |  |
1918 | Fyodor Kokoshkin, Kadet politician  |  |
1918 | Tsar Nicholas II and his family: Tsarina Alexandra, Tsarevich Alexei, Grand Duchesses Olga, Tatiana, Maria and Anastasia, physician Eugene Botkin, maid Anna Demidova, footman Alexei Trupp and cook Ivan Kharitonov | Cheka officers led by Yakov Yurovsky | Order given by Yakov Sverdlov on behalf of Vladimir Lenin. See Murder of the Romanov family.
1918 | Elizabeth of Hesse, Grand Duchess of Russia, Grand Duke Sergei Mikhailovich, Princes John Constantinovich, Constantine Constantinovich and Igor Constantinovich, poet and prince Vladimir Paley and nun Varvara Yakovleva | Cheka officers  |
1918 | V. Volodarsky, revolutionary  | Grigory Ivanovich Semyonov  | Killed by a member of the Socialist Revolutionary Party
1918 | Wilhelm von Mirbach, German Ambassador in Moscow | Yakov Blumkin | Assassinated by the Left Socialist-Revolutionaries at the start of the Left SR uprising in an attempt to damage German-Soviet relations
Russian SFSR in the Soviet Union
1934 | Sergey Kirov, Bolshevik party leader in Leningrad[4] | Leonid Nikolaev |
1939 | Zinaida Reich, theatre actress  | NKVD  |
1990 | Alexander Men, dissident Russian Orthodox priest  | Unknown  |
1991 | Igor Talkov, singer-songwriter, anti-Soviet activist  | Allegedly Valeriy Schlyafman  |
Russian Federation
1994 | Andrey Aizderdzis, Member of the State Duma | Unknown  |
1994 | Nikolay Suleimanov, Chechen mafia boss  |  |
1995 | Vladislav Listyev, journalist and head of the ORT TV Channel | Unknown  |
1996 | Dzhokhar Dudayev, first Chechen separatist President and anti-Russian guerrilla leader  | Russian military |
1996 | Choe Deok-geun, South Korean diplomat stationed in Vladivostok |  | North Korean agents suspected
1998 | Valeriy Hubulov, former Prime Minister of South Ossetia | Unknown  |
1998 | Galina Starovoytova, Member of the State Duma | Yuri Kolchin and Vitali Akishin  |
1998 | Larisa Yudina, Kalmyk journalist  |  |
2002 | Valentin Tsvetkov, Governor of Magadan Oblast | Alexander Zakharov, Martin Babakekhyan and others  | Killed in Moscow
2003 | Sergei Yushenkov, Member of the State Duma and founder of the Liberal Russia party  | Mikhail Kodanev and others  | Killed in Moscow[26]
2003 | Yuri Shchekochikhin, journalist  | Unknown  | Killed in Moscow[27]
2004 | Paul Klebnikov, editor of the Russian edition of Forbes magazine  |  |
2004 | Akhmad Kadyrov, Kremlin-backed President of the Chechen Republic | Presumed to be Chechen Islamists  | Killed along with about 30 others in a football stadium during a Victory Day parade by a bomb that had been built into the concrete of one of the stadium's supporting columns.
2005 | Aslan Maskhadov, President of separatist Chechnya |  |
2005 | Anatoly Trofimov, former deputy director of the FSB |  |
2005 | Magomed Omarov, deputy Interior Minister of Dagestan |  |
2006 | Abdul-Khalim Sadulayev, President of separatist Chechnya |  | Killed by pro-Russian forces
2006 | Anna Politkovskaya, journalist and human rights campaigner  | Unknown; many theories  | Shot in the elevator block of her apartment in Moscow. See Assassination of Anna Politkovskaya.
2008 | Vitaly Karayev, mayor of Vladikavkaz, North Ossetia–Alania |  |
2008 | Kazbek Pagiyev, former mayor of Vladikavkaz, North Ossetia–Alania |  |
2008 | Nina Varlamova, mayor of Kandalaksha, Murmansk Oblast |  |
2009 | Anastasia Baburova, journalist  |  |
2009 | Stanislav Markelov, human rights lawyer  |  |
2009 | Adilgerei Magomedtagirov, interior minister of Dagestan  |  |
2009 | Aza Gazgireyeva, deputy chair of the Ingushetia Supreme Court  |  |
2009 | Bashir Aushev, former deputy prime minister of Ingushetia |  |
2009 | Natalia Estemirova, human rights activist  |  |
2011 | Yuri Budanov, army officer and convicted war criminal  |  |
2011 | Gadzhimurat Kamalov, journalist  |  |
2015 | Boris Nemtsov, former Deputy Prime Minister of Russia |  | Shot while walking on a bridge near the Moscow Kremlin. See Assassination of Boris Nemtsov
2020  | Vladimir "Sausage King" Marugov, oligarch  |  | Shot on 2 November with a crossbow in the sauna of his countryside estate outside Moscow.[28]
2022  | Darya Dugina, ultranationalist journalist and writer  | National Republican Army | Killed in car bomb explosion.[29]
2023  | Vladlen Tatarsky, blogger  |  | Killed with a bomb disguised as an award statue.[30]
2024  | Igor Kirillov, lieutenant general and head of the NDC Protection Troops | Russia's Federal Security Service (FSB) arrested Uzbekistan citizen Ahmat Qurbanov (born 1995)[31][32][33][34] | Killed along with an assistant by a bomb hidden an electric scooter.[35]

## Serbia

[edit]

Date  | Victim(s)  | Assassin(s)  | Notes

|
|
|

Roman Empire
268 | Gallienus, Roman emperor  |  | Killed near Naissus.
282 | Probus, Roman emperor  |  | Assassinated at Sirmium.
285 | Carinus, Roman emperor  |  | Assassinated at Margus.
Medieval Serbia
1352 | Branko Rastislalić, Lord of Podunavlje and Domestikos under King Stefan Dušan |  | Assassinated at Upper Drina on the orders of Vuk Kosača.
1359 | Vuk Kosača, magnate and nobleman  |  | Killed or ordered so by a member of the Rastislalić family.
Ottoman period
1804 | 72 notable Serbs  | Dahije | Slaughter of the Knezes
1815 | Kara-Marko Vasić, revolutionary  |  | Ordered by Miloš Obrenović.
1816 | Melentije Nikšić, revolutionary  |  | Ordered by Miloš Obrenović.
1817 | Karađorđe Petrović, leader of the First Serbian Uprising | Nikola Novaković  | Killed along with his secretary, Naum Krnar in the village of Radovanje by a henchman of Vujica Vulićević and Miloš Obrenović.
Serbian monarchy
1868 | Mihailo Obrenović, Prince of Serbia  | Pavle Radovanović and Kosta Radovanović  | Shot in Košutnjak park in Belgrade as part of a conspiracy.
1885 | Čakr-paša, hajduk  | Toma Stanković  |
1903 | Aleksandar Obrenović, King of Serbia, and Draga Mašin, Queen Consort  | Army officers led by Dragutin Dimitrijević | Killed in the royal palace as part of the May Overthrow.
1903 | Lazar Petrović, Adjutant to King Aleksandar Obrenović  |  | Killed as part of the May Overthrow.
1903 | Dimitrije Cincar-Marković, Prime Minister of Serbia |  |
Yugoslavia
1921 | Milorad Drašković, Yugoslav interior minister  | Alija Alijagić | Killed by a Bosnian communist
1928 | Velimir Prelić, legal adviser in Skoplje | Mara Buneva | Shot on "Ratomir Putnik" Street in Skoplje
1928 | Đuro Basariček, Member of Parliament for the Croatian Peasant Party | Puniša Račić | Shot by a Serbian radical deputy in the Yugoslav Parliament in Belgrade.
1928 | Stjepan Radić, Member of Parliament for the Croatian Peasant Party | Serbian radical politician Puniša Račić.  | Shot a Serbian radical deputy in the Yugoslav Parliament in Belgrade.
1983 | Galip Balkar, Turkish Ambassador to Yugoslavia  | Harutyun Krikor Levonian and Alexander Elbekyan.  | Shot by Armenian nationalists. See Assassination of Galip Balkar
FR Yugoslavia/Serbia and Montenegro
1994 | Dada Vujasinović, journalist  |  |
1994 | Goran Vuković, criminal  |  |
1999 | Slavko Ćuruvija, journalist  |
2000 | Željko Ražnatović "Arkan", mobster and warlord  | Dobrosav Gavrić  |
2000 | Pavle Bulatović, defense minister  |  |
2000 | Žika Petrović, Jat Airways executive  |  |
2000 | Boško Perošević, Chairman of the Executive Council of Vojvodina | Milivoje Gutović  | Assassinated at Novi Sad Fair.
2000 | Ivan Stambolić, former President of Serbia | Special Operations Unit | Ordered by Slobodan Milošević.
2001 | Milan Pantić, journalist  | Unknown  |
2003 | Zoran Đinđić, Prime Minister of Serbia  | Zvezdan Jovanović | Killed with a sniper rifle by a paramilitary linked to the Zemun Clan. See Assassination of Zoran Đinđić.
2004 | Branko Bulatović, Football Association general secretary  | Unknown  |
Republic of Serbia
2006 | Radoljub Kanjevac, criminal  | Unknown  |
2014 | Rade Rakonjac, Arkan's bodyguard  | Unknown  |

## Slovakia

[edit]

Date  | Victim(s)  | Assassin(s)  | Notes

|
|
|

1999 | Ján Ducký, former Minister of Industry  |
2018 | Ján Kuciak, journalist  | Miroslav Marček and Tomáš Szabó  | Shot dead along with his fiancée while investigating the activities of various individuals connected to Slovak government led by Robert Fico.

## Slovenia

[edit]

Date  | Victim(s)  | Assassin(s)  | Notes

|
|
|

1992 | Ivan Kramberger, inventor and politician  | Peter Rotar (presumed)  | Shot dead during his campaign to become an MP.

## Spain

[edit]

Date  | Victim(s)  | Assassin(s)  | Notes

|
|
|

1369 | Peter the Cruel, King of Castile  | Henry II of Castile |
1485 | Pedro de Arbués, a prominent member of the Spanish Inquisition  |  | Assassinated while praying in La Seo Cathedral of Zaragosa. His death allowed Grand Inquisitor Tomás de Torquemada to massively expand the Spanish Inquisition.
1870 | Juan Prim, Prime Minister of Spain and Governor of Puerto Rico  |  | Shot in Madrid by unknown hand.
1897 | Antonio Cánovas del Castillo, Prime Minister of Spain  | Michele Angiolillo | Shot in a spa in Mondragón, Guipúzcoa by an anarchist.
1912 | José Canalejas, Prime Minister of Spain  | Manuel Pardiñas | Shot in Madrid by an anarchist.
1920 | Francesc Layret, Catalan left-wing politician  |  | Shot in Barcelona
1921 | Eduardo Dato Iradier, Prime Minister of Spain  | Lluís Nicolau, Pere Mateu, and Ramon Casanelles  | Shot in Madrid by Catalan anarchists.
1923 | Juan Cardinal Soldevila y Romero, Roman Catholic archbishop of Zaragoza  | Los Solidarios |
1936 | José Castillo, Spanish Socialist Workers' Party lieutenant in the Assault Guards | Falangist gunmen  | Killed in Madrid
1936 | José Calvo Sotelo, right-wing politician and former Finance Minister  |  | Killed in a police vehicle in Madrid. His murder helped trigger the Spanish Civil War.
1936 | Federico García Lorca, poet and dramatist  | Nationalists | Shot at Alfacar by fascists
1936 | Raoul Villain, assassin of Jean Jaurès |  | Shot on the island of Ibiza
1937 | Camillo Berneri, Italian anarchist  |  |
1937 | Andrés Nin, Communist revolutionary  |  | Taken to a camp by the Spanish Government and probably killed there (this is disputed)
1940 | Lluis Companys, President of Catalonia | Gestapo officers on the orders of Francisco Franco.  | Shot in Barcelona
1967 | Mohamed Khider, exiled Algerian politician and former Secretary-General of the FLN |  | Killed in Madrid
1968 | Melitón Manzanas, secret police officer and state torturer  | ETA | Killed at Irún, Guipúzcoa
1969 | Vjekoslav Luburić, exiled Croatian Ustaše official and fugitive war criminal |  | Believed to have been killed either by Yugoslav agents or rivals in the Croatian émigré community
1973 | Luis Carrero Blanco, Prime Minister of Spain[36] | ETA | Killed by a bomb which threw his car over a building. His murder was, according to ETA, then to intensify existing divisions within Francoist Spain between the "openness" and "purists". See Assassination of Luis Carrero Blanco
1976 | Juan María de Araluce Villar, President of the Provincial Deputation of Gipuzkoa | ETA | Killed at San Sebastián, Guipúzcoa
1977 | Augusto Unceta Barrenechea, President of the Provincial Deputation of Biscay | ETA | Killed at Guernica, Biscay
1984 | Santiago Brouard, Basque nationalist  | Grupos Antiterroristas de Liberación |
1996 | Francisco Tomás y Valiente, former President of the Constitutional Court | ETA | Shot in his office at the Autonomous University of Madrid
1997 | Miguel Ángel Blanco, Basque municipal councillor  | ETA | Kidnapped and later killed
2000 | Fernando Buesa, former Vice Lehendakari of the Basque Country | ETA | Car bombing in Vitoria.
2000 | Ernest Lluch, former Minister of Health  | ETA | Shot in Barcelona
2014 | Isabel Carrasco, Governor of León and provincial leader of the People's Party |  | Shot in León by a disgruntled government employee

## Sweden

[edit]

Date  | Victim(s)  | Assassin(s)  | Notes

|
|
|

1156 | King Sverker I of Sweden |  | Killed by a servant
1160 | King Eric IX of Sweden |  | Killed during a rebellion
1167 | King Charles VII of Sweden |  | Killed by supporters of Knut Eriksson
1436 | Engelbrekt Engelbrektsson, Regent of Sweden  | Magnus Bengtsson |
1577 | King Eric XIV of Sweden |  | Killed on orders of his half-brother King John III of Sweden
1792 | King Gustav III of Sweden | Jacob Johan Anckarström | Shot at a masquerade ball and died two weeks later.
1810 | Count Axel von Fersen, Marshal of the Realm | Four members of the lynching mob were charged for the killing, among them the Finnish nobleman Otto Johan Tandefelt | Killed by a mob in Stockholm after being blamed for the death of Crown Prince Carl August. Army soldiers were present at the scene, but were ordered not to interfere.
1971 | Vladimir Rolović, Yugoslav Ambassador to Sweden  | Croatian National Resistance |
1986 | Olof Palme, Prime Minister of Sweden[3] | Unknown | Shot on his way home from a cinema in Stockholm accompanied only by his wife
2003 | Anna Lindh, Minister for Foreign Affairs of Sweden | Mijailo Mijailović | Stabbed while visiting the NK department store in Stockholm and died a day later. She was prominently featured in the "Yes" campaign during the Euro referendum, which took place later in the same weekend. She did not have any protective detail assigned to her, because the Swedish Security Police had not received, or perceived there to be no specific threats made against her.

## Switzerland

[edit]

Date  | Victim(s)  | Assassin(s)  | Notes

|
|
|

1308 | Albert I of Habsburg, German King and Duke of Austria | John Parricida | Killed by his nephew, whom he had deprived of his inheritance, at Windisch on the Reuss.
1621 | Pompeius Planta, politician  | Jörg Jenatsch |
1639 | Jörg Jenatsch, politician  |  | Killed in Chur by an assailant dressed as a bear.
1898 | Empress Elisabeth of Austria | Luigi Lucheni | Stabbed in the heart with a sharp needle file by an anarchist on the street in Geneva. Due to her extremely tight corset, she had no idea she has been wounded and collapsed suddenly after walking 100 yards (91 m). She died two hours later due to slow internal hemorrhaging.
1923 | Vatslav Vorovsky, Soviet diplomat  | Maurice Conradi  | Killed by a White emigre
1936 | Wilhelm Gustloff, leader of the Swiss Nazi Party | David Frankfurter | Killed by a Yugoslav Jewish student
1960 | Félix-Roland Moumié, Cameroonian anti-colonialist activist and leader of the Union of the Peoples of Cameroon |  | Assassinated by the SDECE (French secret services).
1990 | Kazem Rajavi, exiled Iranian opposition leader  |  | Believed to have been killed by agents of the Islamic Republic of Iran as part of the Chain Murders

## Turkey

[edit]

Date  | Victim(s)  | Assassin(s)  | Notes

|
|
|

1579 | Sokollu Mehmed Pasha, Grand Vizier of Ottoman Empire |  |
1622 | Osman II, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire |  |
1651 | Kösem Sultan, Valide Sultan of the Ottoman Empire | Chief Black Eunuch Lala Süleyman, Hoca Reyhan Agha, Hajji Ibrahim Agha and Ali Agha  | Assassinated at Topkapı Palace during a palace coup
1913 | Mahmud Şevket Pasha, Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire[4] |  |
2016 | Andrei Karlov, Russian Ambassador to Turkey.[4] | Mevlüt Mert Altıntaş  | Assassination of Andrei Karlov
2018 | Jamal Khashoggi, a Saudi journalist  |  | Killed by agents of the Saudi government at the Saudi consulate in Istanbul
2022  | Sinan Ateş, academic, historian, and former general chairman of the Grey Wolves | Eray Özyağcı  | Shot and killed by Özyağcı while walking in the Çankaya District of Ankara and died on the way to the hospital. His brother-in-law Selman Bozkurt was accidentally his and wounded by a bullet in the shoulder.

## United Kingdom

[edit]

Date  | Victim(s)  | Assassin(s)  | Notes

|
|
|

293 | Carausius, usurper of the Western Roman Empire | Allectius who Carausius appointed treasurer  | coup d'état
946 | Edmund I, King of England  | Leofa  | Stabbed at a banquet
978 | Edward the Martyr, King of England  | Ælfthryth  |
995 | Kenneth II, King of Scotland  |  |
1100 | William Rufus, King of England  | Walter Tirel | Shot in the heart with an arrow by a nobleman, supposedly by accident, but the circumstances remain unclear.
1170 | Thomas Becket, Archbishop of Canterbury | Four knights  | Stabbed to death in Canterbury Cathedral on the orders of Henry II of England
1306 | John III Comyn, Lord of Badenoch | Robert the Bruce, Roger de Kirkpatrick |
1346 | Raghnall Mac Ruaidhrí | William III, Earl of Ross | Killed at Elcho Priory while attending a royal muster on the eve of a Scottish invasion of England.
1381 | Robert Hales, Lord High Treasurer |  | Beheaded at Tower Hill by rebels during the Peasants' Revolt.
1381 | Simon of Sudbury, Lord Chancellor, Archbishop of Canterbury and Bishop of London |  | Beheaded at Tower Hill by rebels during the Peasants' Revolt.
1381 | John Cavendish, Chief Justice of the King's Bench, Chancellor of the University of Cambridge |  | Beheaded in Bury St Edmunds by rebels during the Peasants' Revolt.
1437 | King James I of Scotland | Walter Stewart, Earl of Atholl (coup leader), Sir Robert Graham (dealt lethal blow)  | Killed at Perth in a failed coup by his kinsman and former ally Walter Stewart.
1452 | William Douglas, 8th Earl of Douglas | James II of Scotland |
1471 | Henry VI of England, King of England  |  | Killed in the Tower of London likely on the orders of Edward IV of England.
1488 | King James III of Scotland |  | Killed by rebels.
1566 | David Rizzio, private secretary of Mary, Queen of Scots | Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley, husband of Mary, Queen of Scots | Stabbed 57 times in front of the Queen by a mob led by her husband out of jealousy over their friendship
1567 | Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley, husband of Mary, Queen of Scots |  | Killed in an explosion at Kirk o' Field, Edinburgh
1570 | James Stewart, 1st Earl of Moray, Regent of Scotland  | James Hamilton | The first assassination carried out with a firearm.
1628 | George Villiers, 1st Duke of Buckingham, Lord High Admiral/royal favourite  | John Felton | Stabbed in Portsmouth as he planned a second expedition to La Rochelle.
1679 | James Sharp, Archbishop of St Andrews |  | Killed in Fife.
1812 | Spencer Perceval, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom | John Bellingham | Killed by a disgruntled merchant. The only British prime minister to be assassinated. See Assassination of Spencer Perceval.[37]
1812 | Louis-Alexandre de Launay, French diplomat  |  | Stabbed to death with a stiletto along with his wife by a former servant at his home in Barnes.
1922 | Henry Hughes Wilson, British field marshal, retired Chief of the Imperial General Staff and Conservative politician  | Reginald Dunne and Joseph O'Sullivan | Killed outside his house in Eaton Square, London, by members of the Irish Republican Army.[4]
1940 | Michael O'Dwyer, former Lieutenant Governor of the Punjab | Udham Singh, a Punjabi revolutionary  | Killed during a speech at Caxton Hall, London over his involvement in the Amritsar Massacre
1973 | Paddy Wilson, former General Secretary of the Social Democratic and Labour Party |  | Stabbed to death in Belfast, along with his friend Irene Andrews. See Paddy Wilson and Irene Andrews killings.
1975 | Ross McWhirter, co-author of the Guinness Book of Records and right-wing political activist  | Harry Duggan and Hugh Doherty | Killed outside his home in Bush Hill Park, London, by members of the Balcombe Street Gang, both of whom were Irish Republican Army volunteers.
1977 | Kadhi Abdullah al-Hagri, former Prime Minister of North Yemen |  | Killed in London.
1978 | Georgi Markov, Bulgarian dissident  |  | Died in London after being attacked with ricin fired from a gun disguised as an umbrella on Waterloo Bridge by suspected KGB agents.
9 July 1978 | Abdul Razak al-Naif, former Prime Minister of Iraq |  | Killed in London
1979 | Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma, former Governor-General of India  | Thomas McMahon | Killed while on a fishing trip along with three others by a bomb planted onto his boat by a member of the Provisional Irish Republican Army.
1979 | Airey Neave, Conservative Member of Parliament for Abingdon and Shadow Secretary of State for Northern Ireland |  | Car bombing outside Palace of Westminster, by members of the Irish National Liberation Army[38]
1980 | John Turnley, SDLP and Irish Independence Party politician  | Ulster Defence Association | Killed on the way to a political meeting.
1981 | Sir Norman Stronge, aristocrat and Northern Irish politician, and his son, Sir James Stronge, aristocrat and Northern Irish politician  | Provisional Irish Republican Army | Killed at their ancestral home, Tynan Abbey in County Armagh, which was then set on fire.
1981 | Robert Bradford, Unionist Member of Parliament for Belfast South | IRA  | Murdered during a speech at Finaghy, Belfast.[38]
1982 | Shlomo Argov, Israeli Ambassador to the Court of St. James's | Abu Nidal Organization | Although Argov survived this assassination attempt, the injuries he sustained in the attack resulted in his death in 2003. His shooting triggered the 1982 Israeli Invasion of Lebanon
1983 | Edgar Graham, Ulster Unionist Member of the Northern Ireland Assembly (1982) |  | Shot by an IRA gunman outside Queen's University Belfast.[38]
1984 | Anthony Berry, Conservative Member of Parliament for Enfield Southgate | IRA  | Killed in the Brighton hotel bombing.
1987 | George Seawright, Unionist Northern Ireland politician  |  | Killed by the Irish People's Liberation Organisation in Shankill, Belfast.
1989 | Pat Finucane, solicitor  | Ken Barrett  | Killed in Belfast by Ulster Loyalists.
1990 | Ian Gow, Conservative Member of Parliament for Eastbourne | IRA  | Killed by a car bomb near his house in East Sussex.[38]
1997 | Billy Wright, Loyalist Volunteer Force leader  | INLA prisoners  | Killed in Maze Prison.[39]
2006 | Alexander Litvinenko, former FSB officer and critic of Russian President Vladimir Putin | Russia's FSB agents Andrei Lugovoi and Dmitry Kovtun | Acute radiation syndrome via ingestion of polonium-210. See Poisoning of Alexander Litvinenko.[40]
2016 | Jo Cox, Labour Member of Parliament for Batley and Spen | Thomas Mair  | Shooting and stabbing incident before a constituency surgery. See Murder of Jo Cox.[41]
2021 | Sir David Amess, Conservative Member of Parliament for Southend West | Ali Harbi Ali  | Stabbed during a constituency surgery. See Murder of David Amess.

## Ukraine

[edit]

See also: Collaboration with Russia during the Russian invasion of Ukraine § Assassination attempts and deaths of collaborators

Year  | Victim(s)  | Assassin(s)  | Notes

|
|
|

Ukrainian SSR
1921 | Mykola Leontovych, composer  | Soviet state security agent Afanasy Grishchenko.  | Shot in his home after a robbery
1949 | Yaroslav Halan, anti-fascist writer[42] | Mykhailo Stakhur and Ilariy Lukashevych  | Killed with an axe at his home office in Lviv by members of the OUN (according to the Soviet official version, ordered by the Vatican)
1979 | Volodymyr Ivasiuk, composer  |  | Found hanged in a forest outside of Lviv.
Independent Ukraine
1993 | Yuri Osmanov, Crimean Tatar civil rights activist  |  | Brutally beaten by unidentified assailants and died the next day.
1995 | Akhat Bragin, businessman and president of the Shakhtar Donetsk football club  |  | Killed by a bomb at the Shakhtar Stadium in Donetsk.
1996 | Yevhen Shcherban, People's Deputy of Ukraine |  | Shot dead along with his wife and bodyguard while departing a plane at Donetsk International Airport.
1998 | Vadym Hetman, former Chairman of the National Bank of Ukraine |  | Shot by a contract killer in Kyiv.
2000 | Georgiy Gongadze, journalist  | Agents of the Ministry of Internal Affairs | Disappeared, found decapitated and doused in dioxine 2 months later near Tarashcha.
2005 | Stepan Senchuk, former Governor of Lviv Oblast |  | Shot while in his car.
2014 | Oleh Babaiev, Mayor of Kremenchuk |  | Shot in front of his home
2015 | Oles Buzina, pro-Russian writer  |  | Shot near his home in Kyiv.
2016 | Pavel Sheremet, Belarusian journalist  |  | Died in a car explosion in Kyiv.
2017 | Denis Voronenkov, former member of the State Duma of the Russian Federation | Pavel Parshov, veteran of Ukraine's volunteer battalion.[43] | Shot dead in Kyiv while on his way to meet a fellow exiled parliamentarian, Ilya Ponomarev.
2017 | Maksym Shapoval, Intelligence officer and head of the special forces of the Chief Directorate of Intelligence of the Ministry of Defence of Ukraine |  | Killed in a car bombing in Kyiv
2018 | Alexander Zakharchenko, pro-Russian separatist and Head of the Donetsk People's Republic, concurrent Prime Minister of the Donetsk People's Republic |  | Killed in a bomb explosion in a cafe in Donetsk
2021 | Vitaly Shishov, exiled Belarusian dissident  |  | Found hanging in a forest after being reported missing the previous day
2022 | Volodymyr Struk, Mayor of Kreminna |  | Abducted and killed during the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine
2022 | Yuriy Prylypko, Mayor of Hostomel |  | Killed during the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine
2022 | Olga Sukhenko, Village Head of Motyzhyn |  | Killed during the Russian occupation of Bucha
24 August 2022 | Ivan Sushko, Russian-appointed head of Mykhailivka in Zaporizhzhia Oblast  |  | Killed in a car bombing during the Russian occupation of Zaporizhzhia Oblast.
28 August 2022 | Oleksiy Kovalov, Member of the Verkhovna Rada |  | Shot during an attack on his residence in Zaliznyi Port.
19 July 2024 | Iryna Farion, linguist, politician, and former People's Deputy of Ukraine  |  | Shot by an unknown assailant in the head in Lviv, pending investigation.

## See also

[edit]

* List of assassinations
* List of people who survived assassination attempts

## References

[edit]

1. ^ a b c d World Almanac 2004, p155
2. ^ "stalin's secret pogrom-INTRO". Joshuarubenstein.com. August 25, 1997. Archived from the original on August 27, 2007. Retrieved January 29, 2012.
3. ^ a b c d "Historic Assassinations Since 1865," The World Almanac and Book of Facts 2004, p156 (World Almanac 2004)
4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m 20th Century Timeline, p118
5. ^ The Assassination of Symon Petliura and the Trial of Scholem Schwarzbard 1926–1927: A Selection of Documents. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. 2016-04-18. ISBN 9783647310275.
6. ^ Dietze, Carola; Verhoeven, Claudia, eds. (2022). The Oxford Handbook of the History of Terrorism. Oxford University Press. p. 544\. ISBN 9780199858569.
7. ^ "Greece: Impunity continues two years after murder of journalist Giorgos Karaivaz". 9 April 2023.
8. ^ The Hungarian Illuminated Chronicle (ch. 75), p. 109.
9. ^ Herman of Reichenau: Chronicle (year 1044), pp. 75–76.
10. ^ "CARLO III d'Angiò Durazzo, re di Napoli, detto della Pace, o il Piccolo in "Dizionario Biografico"".
11. ^ Monaci Lőrinc krónikája Kis Károlyról. - Carmen seu historia de Carolo II. cognomento Parvo, rege Hungariae, Fordította: Márki Sándor, Budapest, Athenaeum, 1910.
12. ^ Michaud, Claude (2000-04-27). "The Kingdoms of Central Europe in the Fourteenth Century". In McKitterick, Rosamond (ed.). The New Cambridge Medieval History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 735–763\. doi:10.1017/chol9780521362900.032. ISBN 0-521-36291-1. OCLC 29184676.735-763&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2000-04-27&rft_id=info:oclcnum/29184676&rft_id=info:doi/10.1017/chol9780521362900.032&rft.isbn=0-521-36291-1&rft.aulast=Michaud&rft.aufirst=Claude&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:List+of+assassinations+in+Europe" class="Z3988">
13. ^ This faithful story of the capture of the queens was written down by Queen Mária herself in Debrecen, in a letter dated September 7, 1387Fejér, CD. X/III., 313.), mely eddig történetiróink figyelmét elkerülte. V. ö. Hazai Okmt. VII. 434. – Gr. Károlyi cs. oklt. I. 546. – Fejér, CD. X/I., 333., 339., 343., 367., 426 In: Szilagyi: A magyar nemzet története. https://mek.oszk.hu/00800/00893/html/
14. ^ "The main supporters of Zsigmond's party gathered together in Körösudvarhely. In addition to the already named lords and companions of Zsigmond's journey abroad: Archbishop János Kanizsai, Miklós Garai, Count Hermann Cillei, there were also Miklós Treutel, Simon Szécsényi, László the son of Pál Garai, István Debrői, the counts of Corbavia and most of the nobility from Slavonia and Duna. The Laczkfis and their companions also showed up, confident in the power of the royal letter of immunity, and with the hope that they would manage to clear themselves [from blames] and continue with duplicitous policies. But the king prepared for bloody revenge against them, and since he could not initiate the legal process due to the letter of immunity, his followers undertook to carry out the work of vengeance. During the deliberations, on February 27, on auspicious occasion, when the converted partisans appeared before the king without armed escort, the Hungarian lords loyal to Sigismund, including the Palatine himself, Miklós Garai and Cillei, grabbed swords and attacked them. The two István Laczkfi bled to death under the blows of the lords' swords; András Laczkfi was taken prisoner with several of his companions. Those who were able to escape - we don't know[all of] their names - sought refuge in Bosnia. István Ördög also ran here, who had been kicked out of Szentgyörgy castle a few days before by the Archbishop of Esztergom, Miklós Szécsi and István Kanizsai.8" Szilágyi : A magyar nemzet története. https://mek.oszk.hu/00800/00893/html/
15. ^ "Cillei gróf meggyilkolása". 8 November 2007.
16. ^ "Ulrich II von Cilli | Austrian prince | Britannica".
17. ^ "Czibak – Magyar Katolikus Lexikon".
18. ^ "New book features shooting story from Ballinamore". www.leitrimobserver.ie. 23 May 2017. Archived from the original on 2018-03-06. Retrieved 2019-06-07.
19. ^ "Sligo Today News for Sligo County - Killing of local TD in election recalled in new book". Archived from the original on 2018-03-06. Retrieved 2018-03-05.
20. ^ Adams, John (1794). A defence of the constitutions of government of the United States of America, against the attack of M. Turgot in his letter to Dr. Price, dated the twenty-second day of March, 1778. London: John Stockdale. pp. 153–155. OCLC 2678599. "John Maria."
21. ^ a b "Historic Assassinations Since 1865," The World Almanac and Book of Facts 1982 (World Almanac 1982), p750
22. ^ a b "Assassinations and Political Murders," 20th Century Timeline (Griesewood & Dempsey, Ltd., 1985) (Crescent Books, 1985) [20th Century Timeline], p119
23. ^ "Parliament Candidate In Kosovo Assassinated". www.rferl.org. Retrieved 2022-06-16.
24. ^ "F.E. (Folkert) Posthuma" (in Dutch).
25. ^ "Pawel Adamowicz, Gdansk mayor, dies after stabbing at charity event". BBC News. 14 January 2019. Archived from the original on 14 January 2019. Retrieved 14 January 2019.
26. ^ "Terror-99". Archived from the original on 28 May 2003. Retrieved 22 April 2017.
27. ^ "Terror-99". Archived from the original on 3 April 2004. Retrieved 22 April 2017.
28. ^ "Vladimir Marugov murder: Russian 'Sausage King' killed in sauna with a crossbow". BBC News. 2020-11-02. Retrieved 2021-02-27.
29. ^ Harding, Luke (21 August 2022). "Daughter of Putin ally Alexander Dugin killed by car bomb in Moscow". TheGuardian.com.
30. ^ Kilner, James (2 April 2023). "Russian propagandist killed in explosion at St Petersburg cafe". The Telegraph.
31. ^ "Uzbek Man Charged With Terrorism In High-Profile Assassination Of Russian General". RFE/RL. 19 December 2024. Archived from the original on 20 December 2024. Retrieved 20 December 2024.
32. ^ Shalvey, Kevin (18 December 2024). "Russia detains suspect in Moscow bombing, says Ukraine used live video feed in deadly attack: An Uzbek citizen, 29, was arrested and confessed, Russian police said". ABC News. Archived from the original on 20 December 2024. Retrieved 20 December 2024.
33. ^ Walker, Amy (19 December 2024). "Russia detains Uzbek man over general's killing in Moscow". BBC. Archived from the original on 20 December 2024. Retrieved 20 December 2024 - via Yahoo! News.
34. ^ "Russia says suspect detained in killing of Gen. Igor Kirillov, head of Russian chemical weapons unit". CBS News. 19 December 2024. Archived from the original on 20 December 2024. Retrieved 20 December 2024.
35. ^ "Igor Kirillov: Russian general killed in Moscow explosion". BBC. 16 December 2024. Retrieved 17 December 2024.
36. ^ 20th Century Timeline, p120
37. ^ "BBC News - The MP whose ancestor killed the prime minister". news.bbc.co.uk. Retrieved 15 January 2017.
38. ^ a b c d Siddique, Haroon (16 June 2016). "MPs who have been attacked Amy Robsart while in office". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 16 June 2016. Retrieved 15 January 2017.
39. ^ "Billy Wright: the loyalist assassin too violent for his comrades - BelfastTelegraph.co.uk". Belfasttelegraph. Archived from the original on 16 January 2017. Retrieved 15 January 2017.
40. ^ "Alexander Litvinenko: Profile of murdered Russian spy". BBC News. 21 January 2016. Archived from the original on 14 January 2017. Retrieved 15 January 2017.
41. ^ Danny Boyle Raziye Akkoc (2016-06-17). "Labour MP Jo Cox dies after being shot and stabbed as husband urges people to 'fight against the hate' that killed her". Telegraph.co.uk. Archived from the original on 16 June 2016. Retrieved 28 January 2017.
42. ^ Marples, David R. (2013-01-23). Heroes and Villains : Creating National History in Contemporary Ukraine. Hors collection. Budapest: Central European University Press. pp. 125–165\. ISBN 9786155211355.125-165&rft.pub=Central+European+University+Press&rft.date=2013-01-23&rft.isbn=9786155211355&rft.aulast=Marples&rft.aufirst=David+R.&rft_id=http://books.openedition.org/ceup/546&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:List+of+assassinations+in+Europe" class="Z3988">
43. ^ working for Russian Secret Service."Kyiv Identifies Suspected Gunman In Ex-Duma Deputy's Assassination Archived 2018-07-15 at the Wayback Machine". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. March 24, 2017.

*[No.]: Number