List of battles by casualties

The following is a list of the casualties count in battles or offensives in world history. The list includes both sieges (not technically battles but usually yielding similar combat-related or civilian deaths) and civilian casualties during the battles. Large battle casualty counts are usually impossible to calculate precisely, but few in this list may include somewhat precise numbers. Many of these figures, though, are estimates, and, where possible, a range of estimates is presented. Figures display numbers of all types of casualties when available (killed, wounded, missing, and sick) but may only include number killed due to a lack of total data on the event. Where possible, the list specifies whether or not prisoners are included in the count. This list does not include bombing campaigns/runs (such as the attack on Pearl Harbor and the bombing of Tokyo) or massacres such as the Rape of Nanjing, which, despite potentially massive casualties, are not typically classified as "battles", since they are usually one-sided engagements or the nation attacked is not officially at war with the attackers. Tactical or strategic strikes, however, may form part of larger engagements which are themselves battles, small campaigns or offensives.

For wars and events more extensive in scope, such as major offensives or campaigns, see List of wars and anthropogenic disasters by death toll. For natural disasters, see List of natural disasters by death toll.

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.

## Sieges and urban combat[edit]

This list includes sieges, as well as modern battles fought primarily in urban areas. Major military operations that included city fighting are listed below. It is sorted by year.

Siege  | Year  | Conflict  | Casualties

|
|
|

(High est.)  | (Low est.)
Siege of Tyre | 332 BC  | Wars of Alexander the Great | 39,000
(including 13,000 enslaved civilians and 2,000 executed Persian soldiers)  | 34,000
Siege of Gaza | 332 BC  | Wars of Alexander the Great | 14,000  | 11,000
Siege of Syracuse (213–212 BC) | 213-212 BC  | Second Punic War | 40,000
(including Archimedes)  | 9,000
Siege of Carthage | 149-146 BC  | Third Punic War | 450,000
(including 50,000 civilians enslaved)  | 200,000
Siege of Athens and Piraeus | 87–86 BC  | Mithridatic Wars (First Mithridatic War)  | 400,000
(including prisoners)  | 200,000[1]
Siege of Jerusalem (63 BC) | 63 BC  | Mithridatic Wars (First Mithridatic War)  | 12,000+  | 5,000
Siege of Alesia | 52 BC  | Gallic Wars | 200,000  | 100,000
Siege of Constantinople | 626  | Sasanian–Byzantine wars | 95,000  | 70,000
Siege of Constantinople | 717–718  | Arab–Byzantine wars | 170,000  | 130,000[2]
Siege of Chandax | 960-961  | Arab–Byzantine wars | 74,000  | 50,000
Siege of Yongzhou | 1076  | Lý-Song War | 140,000[3] | 78,000[4]
Siege of Nicaea | 1097  | First Crusade | 11,000  | 4,000
Siege of Ma'arra | 1098  | First Crusade | 45,000 (including civilians and soldiers executed and cannibalized)  | 25,000
Siege of Antioch | 1097-1099  | First Crusade | 74,000  | 50,000
Siege of Jerusalem | 1099  | First Crusade | 90,000  | 70,000
Siege of Tripoli | 1099-1102  | First Crusade | 90,000  | 105,000
Siege of Bukhara | 1220  | Mongol conquest of the Khwarazmian Empire | 30,000  | 15,000
Siege of Gurganj | 1221  | Mongol conquest of the Khwarazmian Empire | 1,200,000  | 90,000
Siege of Baghdad | 1258  | Mongol invasions and conquests | 2,000,000[5] | 90,000[6][7]
Siege of Acre | 1291  | Fall of Outremer | 20,000  | 10,000
Siege of Caffa | 1345-1347  | Genoese–Mongol Wars | 60,000  | 15,000
Siege of Golubac | 1428  | Ottoman–Hungarian wars | 20,000  | 10,000
Siege of Constantinople | 1453  | Byzantine–Ottoman wars | 54,000+  | 34,000+
Siege of Vijaya | 1471  | Champa–Đại Việt War (1471) | 300,000+  | 130,000+
Siege of Tenochtitlan | 1521  | Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire | 240,000  | 100,000[8][9]
Siege of Szigetvár | 1566  | Ottoman wars in Europe | 33,000  | 23,000
Siege of Chittorgarh | 1567–1568  | Mughal-Rajput Wars (1558–1576) | 40,000  | 35,000
Siege of Ulsan | 1598  | Imjin War | 30,000  | 13,000
Siege of Nagykanizsa | 1601  | Long Turkish War | 37,000  | 25,000
Siege of Ostend | 1601–1604  | Eighty Years' War | 115,000  | 90,000
Siege of Osaka | 1614-1615  | Edo Period | 500,000  | 110,000
Siege of La Rochelle | 1627-1628  | Huguenot rebellions | 35,000  | 27,000
Capture of Maastricht | 1632  | Eighty Years' War | 14,000  | 9,500
Siege of Candia | 1648–1669  | Cretan War | 149,739  | 149,739
First siege of Anandpur | 1700  | Hill States-Sikh Wars | 150,000+  | 150,000+
Siege of Toulon | 1793  | War of the First Coalition | 21,400  | 7,400
Siege of Mantua | 1796–1797  | War of the First Coalition | 51,000  | 51,000
Siege of Genoa | 1800  | War of the Second Coalition | 28,000  | 28,000
Siege of Danzig | 1807  | War of the Fourth Coalition | 17,900  | 17,900
Second Siege of Zaragoza | 1808–1809  | Peninsular War | 64,000[10] | 64,000
First Siege of Sevastopol | 1854–1855  | Crimean War | 230,000[11] | 230,000
Third Battle of Nanking | 1864  | Taiping Rebellion | 100,000[12] | 100,000
Siege of Petersburg | 1864–1865  | American Civil War | 70,000[13] | 70,000
Siege of Vicksburg | 1863  | American Civil War | 36,000  | 20,000
Battle of Gettysburg | 1863  | American Civil War | 50,000  | 50,000
Siege of Paris | 1871  | Franco-Prussian War | 332,142  | 229,000
Siege of Plevna | 1877  | Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878) | 75,000[14] | 75,000
Siege of Port Arthur | 1904–1905  | Russo-Japanese War | 100,000[15] | 100,000
Siege of Adrianople | 1912–1913  | First Balkan War | 93,282[16] | 93,282
Siege of Liege | 1914  | World War I | 25,300  | 6,000
Siege of Przemyśl | 1914  | World War I | 253,000  | 253,000
Siege of Maubeuge | 1914  | World War I | 94,000  | 51,000
Siege of Antwerp | 1914  | World War I | 58,000  | 36,000
Siege of Kut | 1915-1916  | World War I | 50,000  | 36,000
Battle of Taiyuan | 1937  | World War II | 130,000[17] | 130,000
Battle of Xinkou | 1937  | World War II | 200,000[citation needed] | 200,000
Battle of Shanghai | 1937  | World War II | 426,140[18] | 363,700[19]
First Battle of Changsha | 1939  | World War II | 80,000+  | 80,000+[20]
Battle of Nanchang | 1939  | World War II | 75,328[21] | 75,328
Battle of Dunkirk | 1940  | World War II | 88,000[22] | 88,000
Battle of South Shanxi | 1941  | World War II | 120,000+  | 120,000+[23]
Siege of Tobruk | 1941  | World War II | 18,600  | 16,500
Siege of Odessa | 1941  | World War II | 133,813[24] | 133,813
Battle of Kiev | 1941  | World War II | 761,783[24] | 761,783
Second Siege of Sevastopol | 1941–1942  | World War II | 236,437  | 236,437
Third Battle of Changsha | 1942  | World War II | 84,862[25] | 84,862
First Battle of Voronezh | 1942  | World War II | 662,847  | 662,847
Battle of Stalingrad | 1942–1943  | World War II | 4,172,000[26][27] | 1,250,000[28]
Battle of Changde | 1943  | World War II | 100,000  | 100,000[29]
Battle of West Hubei | 1943  | World War II | 115,830  | 115,830[30]
Siege of Leningrad | 1941–1944  | World War II | 5,500,000[31] | 1,117,000[32][33]
Warsaw Uprising | 1944  | World War II | 200,000+  | 200,000+[34]
Siege of Budapest | 1944–1945  | World War II | 422,000  | 422,000[35]
Battle of Berlin | 1945  | World War II | 1,286,367
(including civilians)[citation needed] | 1,286,367
(including civilians)
Battle of Okinawa | 1945  | World War II | 240,000  | 130,000
Battle of Manila | 1945  | World War II | 500,000[36][37] | 100,000[38][39]
Battle of the Bulge | 1944–1945  | World War II | 218,900  | 161,370[40]
Siege of Changchun | 1948[41] | Chinese Civil War | 425,000[42] | 78,808[43][44][45]
Siege of Basra | 1987  | Iran–Iraq War | 85,000  | 85,000
First Battle of Grozny | 1994–1995  | First Chechen War | 33,192  | 32,000
Battle of Aleppo | 2012–2016  | Syrian Civil War | 45,000[46] | 31,273[47]
Battle of Mosul | 2016–2017  | War in Iraq (2013–2017) | 71,355[48][49][50] | 18,200[51]
Siege of Mariupol | 2022  | Russian Invasion of Ukraine | 85,200[52][53][54] | 8,034[55][56][57][53]
Battle of Bakhmut | 2022–2023  | Russian Invasion of Ukraine | 165,600[58] | 146,050[58]
Battle of Avdiivka | 2023–2024  | Russian Invasion of Ukraine | 54,000[59][60] | 21,000[60]

## Major operations[edit]

This list includes major operations and prolonged battles or operations fought over a large area or for a long time. The durations of some operations, like the Battle of Moscow, are disputed; so numbers found in various sources may differ for that reason alone.

Operation  | Year  | Conflict  | Casualties

|
|
|

Flanders and Rhine campaign | 1713 | War of the Spanish Succession | 190,442[citation needed]
Montenotte Campaign | 1796 | War of the First Coalition | 0,062,000 8,000+
Ulm Campaign | 1805 | War of the Third Coalition | 0,062,000 62,000
French invasion of Russia | 1812 | Napoleonic Wars | 0,920,000 920,000–1,040,000[61]
German Campaign | 1813 | War of the Sixth Coalition | 0,745,000 745,000
Six Days' Campaign | 1814 | War of the Sixth Coalition | 0,080,000 80,000[62]
Hundred Days | 1815 | War of the Seventh Coalition | 0,241,525 241,525
Peninsula Campaign | 1862 | American Civil War | 0,036,463 36,463[63]
Battle of Chancellorsville | 1863 | American Civil War | 0,030,000 30,000[64]–30,500[65]
Overland Campaign | 1864 | American Civil War | 0,087,000 87,000[66]–92,000[10]
Appomattox Campaign | 1865 | American Civil War | 0,016,500 16,500[13]
Battle of Liaoyang | 1904 | Russo-Japanese War | 0,033,100 33,100
Battle of Shaho | 1904 | Russo-Japanese War | 0,062,500 62,500
Battle of Mukden | 1905 | Russo-Japanese War | 0,160,000 160,000[67]
Battle of Sandepu | 1905 | Russo-Japanese War | 0,022,400 22,400
Battle of Lule Burgas | 1912 | First Balkan War | 0,042,162 42,162+[68]
First Battle of Çatalca | 1912 | First Balkan War | 0,022,000 22,000[69]
Battle of Bregalnica | 1913 | Second Balkan War | 0,036,620 36,620[16]
Battle of Kilkis-Lachanas | 1913 | Second Balkan War | 0,015,700 15,700
Serbian campaign | 1914-1915  | World War I | 790,000-1,587,000+
Battle of the Frontiers | 1914 | World War I | 664,191
Battle of Tannenberg | 1914 | World War I | 0,145,000 145,000[70]–160,000[71]
Battle of Galicia | 1914 | World War I | 645,000–700,000
Battle of Cer | 1914 | World War I | 0,058,50058,500-65,500
First Battle of the Marne | 1914 | World War I | 0,513,000 513,000[72]
First Battle of the Aisne | 1914 | World War I | 263,541\+
Battle of the Yser | 1914 | World War I | 0,018,500  18,500+
First Battle of Ypres | 1914 | World War I | 0,210,000 210,000[73]
Battle of Łódź | 1914 | World War I | 0,130,000 270,000 – 390,000[74]
Battle of the Drina | 1914 | World War I | 0,070,000  70,000
Battle of the Vistula River | 1914 | World War I | 0,214,480 214,480
Battle of Limanowa | 1914 | World War I | 0,251,120 251,120
First Battle of Champagne | 1914–1915  | World War I | 0,139,532 139,532
Battle of Sarikamish | 1914–1915  | World War I | 0,060,000 60,000—85,000[75]
Carpathian Front | 1915 | World War I | 0,930,751 930,751
Second Battle of the Masurian Lakes | 1915 | World War I | 0,216,200 216,200
Second Battle of Ypres | 1915 | World War I | 0,104,208 104,208[76]–107,000[77]
Gallipoli Campaign | 1915 | World War I | 0,503,000 503,000[76]–552,000[78]
Second Battle of Artois | 1915 | World War I | 0,186,000 186,000[76]
Second Battle of Champagne–Third Battle of Artois | 1915 | World War I | 0,075,000 75,000[77]–440,000[76]
Gorlice–Tarnów Offensive | 1915 | World War I | 0,300,000 300,000–1,087,000[76]
Great Retreat (Russian) | 1915 | World War I | 1,943,800 1,943,800+
Serbian Campaign | 1915 | World War I | 331,000 including prisoners[79]
Erzurum offensive | 1916 | World War I | 0,080,000 80,000—85,000[75]
Battle of Erzincan | 1916 | World War I | 0,080,000 63,000
Battle of Mont Sorrel | 1916 | World War I | 0,755,000 14,000
Battle of Verdun | 1916 | World War I | 0,755,000 755,000[80]–976,000[76]
Battle of Asiago | 1916 | World War I | 0,250,000 250,000[76]
Brusilov offensive | 1916 | World War I | 1,500,000–2,500,000[81]
Battle of the Somme | 1916 | World War I | 1,120,000 1,120,000[82]–1,215,000[76]
Monastir Offensive | 1916 | World War I | 0,111,000 111,000[83]
Romanian Campaign | 1916–1917  | World War I | 0,240,000 240,000[76][dubious - discuss]–933,000, including prisoners
Nivelle Offensive | 1917 | World War I | 0,354,000 354,000[84]
Second Battle of the Aisne | 1917 | World War I | 0,350,000 350,000–463,000
Battle of Arras | 1917 | World War I | 0,278,000 278,000–288,000
Battle of Messines | 1917 | World War I | 0,042,000 42,000[85][86]
Tenth Battle of the Isonzo | 1917 | World War I | 0,200,000 200,000[87]
Third Battle of Ypres | 1917 | World War I | 0,585,000 585,000+[88]
Eleventh Battle of the Isonzo | 1917 | World War I | 0,273,000 273,000
Battle of Caporetto | 1917 | World War I | 0,060,000 60,000[89]
Battle of Cambrai | 1917 | World War I | 0,095,000 95,000[89]
German spring offensive | 1918 | World War I | 1,539,000 1,539,000[90]
Operation Michael | 1918 | World War I | 0,494,616 494,616
Battle of the Lys | 1918 | World War I | 0,204,300 204,300–228,340
Third Battle of the Aisne | 1918 | World War I | 0,257,000 257,000
Second Battle of the Piave River | 1918 | World War I | 131,494 killed and wounded, 73,729 prisoners
Second Battle of the Marne | 1918 | World War I | 0,288,000 288,000[90]
Battle of Soissons | 1918 | World War I | 0,287,259 287,259
Hundred Days Offensive | 1918 | World War I | 2,240,000 2,240,000[90]
Meuse–Argonne offensive | 1918 | World War I | 0,318,000 318,000
Battle of Warsaw | 1920 | Polish–Soviet War | 0,130,001 About 130,000, not including prisoners[91]
Invasion of Manchuria | 1931 | Second Sino-Japanese War | 0,035,000 35,000[citation needed]
Asturias Offensive | 1937 | Spanish Civil War | 0,012,000 50,000
Battle of Jarama | 1937 | Spanish Civil War | 0,012,000 40,000
Battle of Guadalajara | 1937 | Spanish Civil War | 0,012,000 12,000[92]
Aragon Offensive | 1937–1938  | Spanish Civil War | 0,110,000 205,000, including prisoners
Battle of Teruel | 1937–1938  | Spanish Civil War | 0,110,000 110,000[93]
Levante Offensive | 1938 | Spanish Civil War | 0,110,000 25,000
Battle of the Ebro | 1938 | Spanish Civil War | 0,106,500 106,500[93]
Battle of Xuzhou | 1938 | Second Sino-Japanese War | 0,130,000 130,000[94]
1938 Yellow River Flood | 1938 | Second Sino-Japanese War | 0,800,000 800,000[95]
Battle of Wuhan | 1938 | Second Sino-Japanese War | 550,000–700,000[96][97]
Battles of Khalkhin Gol | 1939 | Soviet–Japanese border conflicts | 0,042,000 42,000–75,000[98][99]
Battle of Suixian–Zaoyang | 1939 | Second Sino-Japanese War | 0,049,000 49,000
Invasion of Poland | 1939 | World War II | 0,310,000 310,000[100]–914,000[101]
Battle of the Bzura | 1939  | World War II | 0,232,000 232,000[102]–234,000[102]
Winter Offensive | 1939–1940  | World War II | 0,100,000 100,000+[103]
Operation Weserübung | 1940 | World War II | 0,012,800 12,800[100]
Battle of France | 1940 | World War II | 0,469,000 469,000[104]
Battle of Britain | 1940  | World War II | 0,038,800 38,800[a] [105][b]
Hundred Regiments Offensive | 1940 | Second Sino-Japanese War | 0,062,900 62,900[106]
Battle of Keren | 1941 | World War II | 12,600\+ killed
Battle of Greece | 1941 | World War II | 46,295[107]
Battle of Shanggao | 1941 | Second Sino-Japanese War | 0,042,000 42,000
Battle of Crete | 1941 | World War II | 0,016,007 16,007[108]
Operation Barbarossa | 1941 | World War II | 5,318,000[109]–8,050,000[110]
Battle of Białystok–Minsk | 1941 | World War II | 0,429,886 429,886 including prisoners[111]
Battle of Smolensk | 1941 | World War II | 0,595,606 595,606 killed, captured, and missing
300,000 Soviet prisoners
Battle of Uman | 1941 | World War II | 0,223,853 223,853
Battle of Kiev (included in Barbarossa)  | 1941 | World War II | 0,761,783 761,783 killed, captured, and missing
Battle of Bryansk | 1941 | World War II | 0,700,000 700,000 Soviet killed, captured and missing
German casualties unknown.
Battle of Moscow (included in Barbarossa)  | 1941 | World War II | 1,000,000 1,000,000[112]
Battle of Hong Kong | 1941 | World War II | 0,018,000 18,000 including prisoners[113]
Battle of Malaya/Battle of Singapore | 1941–1942  | World War II | 0,143,800 143,800, and 60,000 prisoners[114]
Battle of Bataan/Battle of Corregidor | 1942 | World War II | 0,030,000 30,000 killed[115]
Battle of Lyuban | 1942 | World War II | 0,365,135 365,135
Battle of the Kerch Peninsula | 1942 | World War II | 0,176,000 176,000+[116]
Demyansk Pocket | 1942 | World War II | 0,300,000 300,000
Second Battle of Kharkov | 1942 | World War II | 0,300,000 300,000[116]
Zhejiang-Jiangxi Campaign | 1942 | Second Sino-Japanese War | 0,356,000 356,000[117]
Battle of Gazala | 1942 | World War II | 0,148,000 148,000[118]
First Battle of El Alamein | 1942 | World War II | 0,030,000 30,000
Kokoda Track campaign | 1942 | World War II | 0,013,000 13,000
Case Blue | 1942 | World War II | 1,400,000 1,400,000
Battle of the Caucasus | 1942–1942  | World War II | 0,625,000 625,000
Guadalcanal Campaign | 1942–1943  | World War II | 0,029,100 29,100[119]–31,100[120]
Battles of Rzhev | 1942–1943  | World War II | 3,080,000 2,900,000–3,080,000
Second Battle of El Alamein | 1942 | World War II | 0,039,400 39,400[118]–82,500[121]
Operation Iskra | 1943 | World War II | 0,129,332 129,332[122]
Battle of Kursk | 1943 | World War II | 1,028,314 1,028,617[123][124]–2,037,000[125]
Operation Kutuzov | 1943 | World War II | 0,516,344 516,344
Allied invasion of Sicily | 1943 | World War II | 0,036,000 36,000+ killed, and over 100,000 Italian POWs[126]
Belgorod–Kharkov offensive operation | 1943 | World War II | 0,202,654 202,654–280,634
Battle of Smolensk | 1943 | World War II | 0,522,059 522,059
Dnieper Campaign | 1943 | World War II | 1,582,000 1,582,000 (lowest est.) – 2,480,000 (highest est.)
Operation Husky | 1943 | World War II | 0,016,000 16,000
Allied invasion of Italy | 1943 | World War II | 0,017,092 17,092[127]
Bougainville Campaign | 1943–1945  | World War II | 0,021,929 21,929 killed, and 23,571 Japanese prisoners[128]
Dnieper–Carpathian Offensive | 1943–1944  | World War II | 1,442,956 1,442,956
Leningrad–Novgorod Offensive | 1944 | World War II | 0,385,604 385,604
Battle of Monte Cassino | 1944 | World War II | 0,185,000 185,000[129]
Battle of Narva | 1944 | World War II | 0,550,000 550,000 all causes[130]
Battle of Anzio | 1944 | World War II | 0,052,200 52,200 killed[131]
First Jassy–Kishinev Offensive | 1944 | World War II | 0,195,000 195,000[132]
Operation Ichi-Go | 1944 | Second Sino-Japanese War | 1,300,000 1,300,000+[133]
Battle of Normandy | 1944 | World War II | 0,650,600 650,600[134][135]–795,400[136][135]
Operation Dragoon | 1944 | World War II | 0,169,600 169,600
Battle of Saipan | 1944 | World War II | 0,043,500 43,500 killed, including mass suicides[137]
Operation Bagration | 1944 | World War II | 1,430,000 1,430,000[138]
Lvov–Sandomierz offensive | 1944 | World War II | 0,463,129 463,129
Falaise Pocket | 1944 | World War II | 0,140,000 140,000[139]
Second Jassy–Kishinev Offensive | 1944 | World War II | 0,485,424 485,424, including prisoners[140]
Operation Market Garden | 1944 | World War II | 0,027,200 27,200[141]
Moro River Campaign | 1944 | World War II | 0,020,000 20,000
Baltic offensive | 1944 | World War II | 0,280,120 280,120 Soviet casualties; German casualties unknown
Battle of Aachen | 1944 | World War II | 0,021,000 21,000
Gothic Line offensive  | 1944-1945  | World War II | 0,092,000 92,000
Battle of Hürtgen Forest | 1944–1945  | World War II | 0,063,000 63,000[142]
Courland Pocket | 1944–1945  | World War II | 0,278,819 278,819
Battle of Leyte Gulf | 1944 | World War II | 0,012,000 12,000 killed[143]
Battle of the Bulge | 1944–1945  | World War II | 0,161,370 161,370[40][144]–218,900
Vistula–Oder Offensive | 1945 | World War II | 0,636,191 636,191 including prisoners
Battle of Luzon | 1945 | World War II | 0,345,330 332,330–345,330, including sick[145]
Battle of the Rhineland | 1945 | World War II | 0,082,000 82,000 and 250,000 prisoners[146]
Battle of Iwo Jima | 1945 | World War II | 0,044,821 44,821[147]–48,700[148]
East Prussian Offensive | 1945 | World War II | 0,806,778 806,778 including prisoners
Battle of Okinawa | 1945 | World War II | 0,113,920 113,920[149]–158,400[150]
Burma campaigns | 1942–1945  | World War II | 0,700,000 700,000[151]
Battle of West Hunan | 1945 | World War II | 0,050,000 50,000
Second Guangxi campaign | 1945 | World War II | 1,000,000 1,000,000[citation needed]
Liaoshen campaign | 1948 | Chinese Civil War | 0,542,000 542,000, including captured[152]
Huaihai campaign | 1948 | Chinese Civil War | 0,689,000 689,000, including captured[153]
Pingjin campaign | 1948–1949  | Chinese Civil War | 0,560,000 560,000, including captured[154]
Shanghai Campaign | 1949 | Chinese Civil War | 0,213,073 213,073[155]
Battle of Inchon | 1950 | Korean War | 0,017,429 17,429[156]
UN offensive into North Korea | 1950 | Korean War | 0,051,700 51,700[157]
Battle of Chosin Reservoir | 1950 | Korean War | 0,066,000 66,000
Battle of Dien Bien Phu | 1954 | First Indochina War | 0,031,500 31,500, not including prisoners[158]
Tet Offensive | 1968 | Vietnam War | 0,065,000 65,000[159]
Operation OAU | 1968 | Nigerian Civil War | 30,000[159]
Easter Offensive | 1972 | Vietnam War | 0,150,000 150,000[159]
Operation Dawn 5 | 1984 | Iran–Iraq War | 0,075,000 75,000
Battle of the Marshes | 1984 | Iran–Iraq War | 0,055,000 55,000
Russian invasion of Ukraine | 2022–  | Russo-Ukrainian War | 300,000[160]–500,000[161]

## Classical formation battles[edit]

These refer to battles in which armies met on a single field of battle and fought each other for anywhere from one to several days. This type of battle died out in favor of grander military operations.

This list is incomplete; you can help by adding missing items. (January 2018)

|

Battle  | Year  | Conflict  | Casualties

|
|
|

Battle of Megiddo | !9452 1457 BC  | Thutmose III's first campaign in the Levant | 0,100,001 16,000+
Battle of Kadesh | !9452 1274 BC  | Second Syrian campaign of Ramesses II | 0,100,001 30,000+
Battle of Qarqar | !9452 853 BC  | Assyrian conquest of Aram | 0,100,001 24,000+
Battle of Thymbra | !9452 547 BC  | Lydian–Persian War | 0,100,001 100,000[162]
Battle of Marathon | !-500000 490 BC  | Greco-Persian Wars | 0,005,001 5,000–8,000[163]
Battle of Thermopylae | !9519 480 BC  | Greco-Persian Wars | 0,022,300 22,500[164]
Battle of Plataea | !9520 479 BC  | Greco-Persian War | 0,051,500 51,500[164]–257,000[165]
Battle of Mycale | !9520 479 BC  | Greco-Persian War | 0,051,500 70,000
Battle of Leuctra | !9520 371 BC  | Theban–Spartan War | 0,051,500 4,300
Battle of Mantinea | !9520 362 BC  | Theban–Spartan War | 0,051,500 18,000
Battle of the Granicus | !9665 334 BC  | Wars of Alexander the Great | 0,007,000 Around 7,000[166]
Battle of Issus | !9666 333 BC  | Wars of Alexander the Great | 0,020,001 20,000-40,000[167]
Battle of Gaugamela | !9668 331 BC  | Wars of Alexander the Great | 0,053,500 53,500[168]
Battle of the Persian Gate | !9668 330 BC  | Wars of Alexander the Great | 0,053,500 48,500
Battle of the Hydaspes | !9673 326 BC  | Wars of Alexander the Great | 0,023,310 23,310[168]
Battle of Sentinum | !9704 295 BC  | Third Samnite War | 0,033,701 33,700[169]
Battle of Heraclea | !9719 280 BC  | Pyrrhic War | 0,011,001 11,000–26,000[169]
Battle of Asculum | !9719 279 BC  | Pyrrhic War | 0,011,001 9,500+
Battle of Beneventum | !9719 275 BC  | Pyrrhic War | 0,011,001 20,000
Battle of Messana | !9781 264 BC  | First Punic War | 0,035,000 7,400+
Battle of Kalinga | !9737 262 BC  | Kalinga-Maurya Empire | 0,250,001 250,000+ (including civilians) [170]
Battle of Changping | !9739 260 BC  | Warring States period | 0,700,000 700,000 (ancient source & includes prisoners)[171]
Battle of the Bagradas River (240 BC) | !9781 240 BC  | Mercenary War | 0,035,000 8,000+
Battle of Telamon | !9781 225 BC  | Roman–Gallic wars | 0,035,000 56,000+
Battle of Ticinus | !9781 218 BC  | Second Punic War | 0,035,000 9,500+
Battle of the Trebia | !9781 218 BC  | Second Punic War | 0,035,000 35,000[172]
Battle of Lake Trasimene | !9782 217 BC  | Second Punic War | 0,030,001 30,000[172]
Battle of Cannae | !9783 216 BC  | Second Punic War | 0,056,001 50,000+[173]
Battle of the Metaurus | !9792 207 BC  | Second Punic War | 0,012,000 12,000[174]
Battle of Julu | !9661 207 BC  | Chu–Han Contention | 0,400,000 400,000+ (including prisoners)
Battle of Utica | !9792 203 BC  | Second Punic War | 0,012,000 +45,000
Battle of Zama | !9797 202 BC  | Second Punic War | 0,021,500 21,500[174]
Battle of the Arius | !9797 200 BC  | Antiochus's Bactrian Campaign | 0,021,500 3,750
Battle of Cynoscephalae | !9809 197 BC  | Second Macedonian War | 0,053,350 23,700
Battle of Thermopylae (191 BC) | !9809 191 BC  | Roman–Seleucid War | 0,053,350 14,000
Battle of Magnesia | !9809 190 BC  | Roman–Seleucid War | 7|0}} 53,350[175]
Battle of Pydna | !9831 168 BC  | Third Macedonian War | 0,021,000 21,000[175]
Battle of Noreia | !9894 115 BC  | Germanic Wars (Cimbrian War)  | 0,084,000 24,000
Battle of the Muthul | !9894 109 BC  | Jugurthine War | 0,084,000 25,000
Battle of Arausio | !9894 105 BC  | Germanic Wars (Cimbrian War)  | 0,084,000 85,000[176][177][178]
Battle of Aquae Sextiae | !9894 102 BC  | Germanic Wars (Cimbrian War)  | 0,084,000 90,000[179]
Battle of Chaeronea | !9894 86 BC  | Mithridatic Wars (First Mithridatic War)  | 0,084,000 50,000[180]
Battle of the Colline Gate | !9894 82 BC  | Sulla's civil war | 0,084,000 50,000[181]
Battle of the Silarius River | !9894 71 BC  | Third Servile War | 0,084,000 11,000
Battle of Chalcedon | !9894 74 BC  | Mithridatic Wars (Third Mithridatic War)  | 0,084,000 19,000+
Battle of Tigranocerta | !9894 69 BC  | Mithridatic Wars (Third Mithridatic War)  | 0,084,000 10,000+[182]
Battle of Bibracte | !9946 58 BC  | Gallic Wars | 0,024,000 12,000+[183]
Battle of Axona | !9946 57 BC  | Gallic Wars | 0,024,000 11,000+
Battle of Carrhae | !9946 53 BC  | Roman–Persian Wars | 0,024,000 24,000[184]
Battle of Pharsalus | !9951 48 BC  | Caesar's Civil War | 0,017,000 17,000[185]
Battle of Philippi | !9957 42 BC  | Liberators' civil war | 0,024,000 24,000[186]
Battle of Actium | !9968 31 BC  | Final War of the Roman Republic | 0,007,500 7,500+[187]
Battle of the Teutoburg Forest | !9 #000AD 9  | Roman–Germanic wars | 0,020,000 20,000[188]
Battle of Idistaviso | !9 #000AD 16  | Roman–Germanic wars | 0,020,000 20,000+[189]
Battle of Watling Street | !61 #00AD 61  | Iceni Revolt | 0,080,400 80,400[190]
Battle of Mons Graupius | !84 #00AD 84  | Roman conquest of Britain | 0,010,360 10,360[191]
Battle of Adamclisi | !84 #00AD 102  | Dacian Wars | 0,010,360 18,000+
Battle of Sarmizegetusa | !84 #00AD 106  | Dacian Wars | 0,010,360 21,000+
Battle of Carnuntum | !84 #00AD 170  | Marcomannic Wars | 0,010,360 20,000+
Battle of Issus (194) | #0194  | Year of the Five Emperors | 0,078,001 20,000
Battle of Lugdunum | #0197  | Year of the Five Emperors | 0,078,001 90,000
Battle of Guandu | #0200  | Three Kingdoms | 0,078,001 78,000[192]
Battle of Red Cliffs | #0208  | Three Kingdoms | 0,100,001 100,000[192]
Battle of Barbalissos | #0252  | Perso-Roman wars of 337–361 | 0,060,000 60,000+[193]
Battle of Edessa | #0260  | Perso-Roman wars of 337–361 | 0,050,000 65,000+[194]
Battle of Emesa | #0272  | Crisis of the Third Century | 0,040,000 61,000+
Battle of Châlons (274) | #0274  | Crisis of the Third Century | 0,040,000 56,000+
Battle of Adrianople | #0378  | Gothic War | 0,040,000 40,000+[195]
Battle of the Fei River | #0383  | Sixteen Kingdoms period | 0,150,001 700,000+[196]
Battle of the Catalaunian Plains | #0451  | Hunnic Invasion | 0,150,001 165,000 (ancient source)[197]
Battle of Dara | #0530  | Iberian War | 0,150,001 8,000+[198]
Battle of Callinicum | #0531  | Iberian War | 0,150,001 28,000+
Battle of Taginae | #0552  | Gothic War | 0,150,001 8,000+
Battle of the Volturnus | #0554  | Gothic War | 0,150,001 18,000+
Battle of the Salsu | #0612  | Goguryeo–Sui War | 0,302,300 302,300 (ancient source)[199]
Battle of Nineveh | #0627  | Byzantine–Sasanian War of 602–628 | 0,302,300 9,000+
Battle of al-Qadisiyyah | #0636  | Muslim conquest of Persia | 0,031,000 31,000[200]
Battle of Muzayyah | #0633  | Muslim conquest of Persia | 0,010,000 10,000
Battle of Ullais | #0633  | Muslim conquest of Persia | 0,035,000 35,000[201]
Battle of River | #0633  | Muslim conquest of Persia | 0,015,001 15,000+[202]
Battle of Ajnadayn | #0634  | Muslim conquest of the Levant | 0,070,001 55,000
Battle of Yarmouk | #0636  | Muslim conquest of the Levant | 0,070,001 70,000[2]
Battle of Walaja | #0636  | Muslim conquest of Persia | 0,022,000 22,000[203]
Battle of Nahavand | #0642  | Muslim conquest of Persia | 0,028,500 28,500[204]
Battle of Marj Ardabil | #0730  | Second Arab-Khazar War | 0,070,001 25,000+
Battle of Tours | #0732  | Umayyad invasion of Gaul | 0,013,001 13,000[205]
Battle of Akroinon | #0740  | Arab–Byzantine Wars | 0,070,001 13,200+
Battle of Talas | #0751  | Muslim conquest of Transoxiana | 0,013,001 50,000+
Battle of Xiangji Temple | #0757  | An Lushan Rebellion | 0,013,001 110,000+
Battle of Pliska | #0811  | Byzantine–Bulgarian wars | 0,013,001 29,000
Battle of Ashdown | #0871  | Viking activity in the British Isles | 0,013,001 9,000
Battle of Brenta | #0899  | Hungarian invasions of Europe | 0,013,001 14,000+
Battle of Lechfeld | #0955  | Hungarian invasions of Europe | 0,013,001 15,000
Battle of Arcadiopolis | #0970  | Sviatoslav's invasion of Bulgaria | 0,013,001 27,000
Battle of the Gates of Trajan | #0986  | Byzantine–Bulgarian wars | 0,013,001 27,000
Battle of Kleidion | #01014  | Byzantine–Bulgarian wars | 0,013,001 45,000
Battle of Gwiju | #1019  | Third conflict in the Goryeo–Khitan War | 0,090,000 90,000+
Battle of Dandanaqan | #1040  | Seljuk-Ghaznavid Wars | 0,090,000 35,000+
Battle of Fulford | #1066  | Viking invasions of England | 0,006,000 5,000
Battle of Stamford Bridge | #1066  | Viking invasions of England | 0,006,000 13,000
Battle of Hastings | #1066  | Norman Conquest | 0,006,000 Around 6,000 [206]
Battle of Manzikert | #01071  | Byzantine-Seljuk Wars | 0,150,000 25,000
Battle of Langensalza (1075) | #1075  | Saxon Revolt of 1073-1075 | 0,006,000 Around 8,600
Battle of Nhu Nguyet river | #01077  | Lý–Song War | 0,150,000 150,000[207][208]
Battle of Dyrrhachium (1081) | #1081  | First Norman invasion of the Balkans | 0,025,851 5,000+
Battle of Civetot | #1096  | People's Crusade | 0,025,851 50,000+
Battle of Dorylaeum | #1097  | First Crusade | 0,025,851  7,000+
Battle of Ascalon | #1099  | First Crusade | 0,025,851  13,000+
Battle of Nakło (1109) | #1109  | ??? | 0,025,851  30,000+
Battle of Ager Sanguinis | #1119  | Crusades | 0,025,851  12,000
Battle of Azaz | #1125  | Crusades | 0,025,851  6,000+
Battle of Crug Mawr | #1135  | Norman invasion of Wales | 0,025,851 13,000
Battle of Legnano | #1177  | Guelphs and Ghibellines | 0,025,851 +9,000
Battle of Montgisard | #1177  | Ayyubid–Crusader War | 0,025,851 Around 25,850
Battle of Hattin | #1187  | Ayyubid–Crusader War | 0,017,001 17,000–20,000[209]
Battle of Philomelion (1190) | #1190  | Third Crusade | 0,017,001 5,100
Battle of Arsuf | #1191  | Third Crusade | 0,017,001 8,000+
Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa | #1212  | Reconquista | 0,060,001 60,000[210]
Battle of Yehuling | #1212  | Mongol conquest of the Jin dynasty | 0,050,000 Around 150,000
Battle of Muret | #1213  | Albigensian Crusade | 0,050,000 Around 16,500
Battle of Bouvines | #1214  | Anglo-French War | 0,050,000 9,000
Battle of Parwan | #1221  | Mongol invasion of Central Asia | #65,000+
Battle of the Kalka River | #1223  | Mongol invasion of Rus' | #Around 50,000[211]
Battle of Sanfengshan | #1232  | Mongol conquest of the Jin dynasty | 0,100,001 125,000
Battle of Legnica | #1241  | Mongol invasion of Poland | 0,030,001 30,000[212]
Battle of Mohi | #1241  | Mongol invasion of Europe | 0,015,001 15,000[213]
Battle of Mansurah | #1250  | Seventh Crusade | 0,015,001 21,000
Battle of Ain Jalut | #1260  | Mongol invasions of the Levant | 0,015,001 21,000
Battle of Kōan | #1281  | Mongol invasions of Japan | 0,015,001 150,000+
Third battle of Bach Dang river | #1288  | Mongol invasion of Vietnam | 0,085,000 85,000[214]
Battle of Jaran Manjur | #1298  | Mongol invasions of India | 0,020,001 20,000+
Battle of Yamen | #1279  | Mongol conquest of the Song dynasty | 0,100,001 100,000
Battle of Kili | #1299  | Mongol invasion of India | 0,100,001 130,000
Battle of Bapheus | #1302  | Byzantine–Ottoman wars | 0,100,001 3,000
Battle of Amroha | #1305  | Mongol invasion of India | 0,100,001 34,000
Battle of Bannockburn | #1314  | First War of Scottish Independence | 0,019,001 19,000[215]
Battle of Demotika | #1352  | Byzantine civil war of 1352–1357 | 0,100,001 8,000
Battle of Vijaya | #1377  | Champa–Đại Việt War (1367–1390) | 0,100,001 95,000
Battle of Kulikovo | #1380  | List of Mongol and Tatar raids against Rus' | 0,136,001 136,000
Battle of Roosebeke | #1382  | Hundred Years' War | 0,027,601 27,600
Battle of Maritsa | #1389  | Serbian-Ottoman wars | 0,100,001 57,000
Battle of Kosovo | #1389  | Serbian-Ottoman wars | 0,100,001 60,000
Battle of the Terek River | #1395  | Tokhtamysh–Timur war | 0,100,001 100,000[216]
Battle of Nicopolis | #1396  | Ottoman wars in Europe | 0,100,001 30,000
Conquest of Delhi | #1398  | Timur's Indian campaign | 0,100,001 100,000[217][218]
Battle of Ankara | #1402  | Ottoman–Timur War | 0,015,000 15,000+[219]
Battle of Grunwald | #1410  | Polish–Lithuanian–Teutonic War | 0,013,001 13,000[220]
Battle of Agincourt | #1415  | Hundred Years' War | 0,014,000 14,000[citation needed]
Battle of Tốt Động – Chúc Động | #1426  | Lam Sơn uprising | 0,030,000 30,000[221]
Battle of Hermannstadt | #1442  | Crusade of Varna | 0,020,00124,000
Battle of Zlatitsa | #1443  | Crusade of Varna | 0,020,00122,000+
Battle of Varna | #1444  | Crusade of Varna | 0,020,00160,000+
Battle of Kosovo (1448) | #1448  | Ottoman–Wallachian wars / Ottoman–Hungarian wars | 0,020,001+27,000
Tumu Crisis | #1449  | Ming–Mongol War | 0,200,001 200,000+[citation needed]
Battle of Castillon | #1453  | Hundred Years' War | 0,200,001 4,000[222]
Battle of Chojnice | #1454  | Thirteen Years' War | 0,200,001 9,000
Battle of Towton | #1461  | Wars of the Roses | 0,028,000 28,000[223]
Second Battle of St Albans | #1461  | Wars of the Roses | 0,028,000 2,000[224]
Night Attack at Târgoviște | #1462  | Wallachian-Ottoman Wars | 0,020,000 20,000[225]
Battle of Vaslui | #1475  | Moldavian-Ottoman Wars | 0,040,000 40,000+[citation needed]
Battle of Valea Albă | #1476  | Moldavian–Ottoman Wars | 0,030,000 30,000+[citation needed]
Battle of Breadfield | #1479  | Habsburg–Ottoman wars | 0,030,000 13,000+
Battle of Kabul | #1504  | Campaigns of Babur | 0,020,001 20,000+[226]
Battle of Ravenna | #1512  | War of the League of Cambrai | 0,013,500 13,500[227]
Battle of Flodden | #1513  | War of the League of Cambrai | 0,013,500 15,500
Battle of Chaldiran | #1514  | Ottoman–Persian Wars | 0,011,000 7,000
Battle of Orsha | #1514  | Lithuanian–Muscovite War (1512-1522) | 0,011,000 21,000–45,000
Battle of Marignano | #1515  | War of the League of Cambrai | 0,011,000 11,000–15,000[228]
Battle of Ridaniya | #1517  | Ottoman wars in the Near East | 0,013,000 13,000[229]
La Noche Triste | #1520  | Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire | 0,013,000 +4,800
Battle of Pavia | #1525  | Italian War of 1521–1526 | 0,020,001 13,000
First Battle of Panipat | #1526  | Mughal Conquest | 0,020,001 20,000–50,000[230]
Battle of Mohács | #1526  | Ottoman–Hungarian wars | 0,030,000 Probably 30,000[231]
Battle of Sződfalva | #1527  | Hungarian campaign of 1527–1528 | 0,030,000  21,000
Battle of Ghaghra | #1529  | Mughal Conquest | 0,013,001 13,000[232]
Battle of Gorjani | #1537  | Habsburg–Ottoman wars in Hungary (1526–1568) | 0,030,000  22,000
Battle of Mühlberg | #1547  | Schmalkaldic War | 0,029,000 9,500
Battle of Molodi | #1572  | Russo-Crimean Wars | 0,029,000 29,000–33,000 or 100,000[233]
Battle of Nagashino | #1575  | Sengoku period | 0,018,000 18,000[234]: 80–82
Battle of Alcácer Quibir | #1578  | Moroccan–Portuguese conflicts | 0,018,000 19,000
Battle of Gembloux | #1578  | Eighty Years' War | 0,018,000 6,000
Battle of Chungju | #1592  | Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598) | 0,008,000 8,000–16,000[235] 100,000[236][237]
Battle of Călugăreni | #1595  | Long War (Ottoman War) | 0,011,000 11,000–16,000[citation needed]
Battle of Keresztes | #1596  | Long Turkish War | 0,018,000 30,000
Battle of Sacheon | #1598  | Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598) | 0,030,000 30,000[238]
Battle of Sekigahara | #1600  | Sengoku period | 0,030,000 30,000+[239]
Battle of Nieuwpoort | #1600  | Eighty Years' War | 6,700+
Battle of Kircholm | #1605  | Polish–Swedish War (1600–1611) | 0,030,000 8,400
Battle of Klushino | #1610  | Polish–Muscovite War | 0,030,000 5,400
Battle of Wisternitz | #1619  | Thirty Years' War | 0,030,000 6,700
Battle of White Mountain | #1620  | Thirty Years' War | 0,030,000 3,450
Battle of Shen-Liao | #1620  | Qing conquest of the Ming | 0,030,000 75,000
Battle of Rohilla | #1621  | Early Mughal-Sikh Wars | 14,000
Battle of Lutter | #1626  | Thirty Years' War | 0,027,150 9,700
Battle of Wolgast | #1628  | Thirty Years' War | 0,027,150 3,100
First Battle of Breitenfeld | #1631  | Thirty Years' War | 0,027,150 31,900
Battle of Lahira | #1631  | Early Mughal-Sikh Wars | 0,027,150 36,773[240]
Battle of Fürth | #1632  | Thirty Years' War | 0,011,160 5,000
Battle of Lützen | #1632  | Thirty Years' War | 0,011,160 11,160[241]
Battle of Amritsar | #1634  | Early Mughal-Sikh Wars | 7,000
Battle of Nördlingen | #1634  | Thirty Years' War | 0,017,000 17,000[242]
Battle of Kartarpur | #1635  | Early Mughal-Sikh Wars | 0,017,000 50,700-97,000[243][244]
Battle of the Downs | #1639  | Eighty Years' War | 0,015,000 15,000+[245]
Battle of Song-Jin | #1641  | Qing conquest of the Ming | 0,060,001 60,000[citation needed]
Second Battle of Breitenfeld | #1642  | Thirty Years' War | 0,014,000 14,000[246]
Battle of Rocroi | #1643  | Thirty Years' War | 0,019,000 19,000[247]
Battle of Freiburg | #1644  | Thirty Years' War | 0,019,000 12,000
Battle of Jankau | #1645  | Thirty Years' War | 0,015,500 15,500[248]
Battle of Lens | #1648  | Thirty Years' War | 0,015,500 9,500
Battle of Zusmarshausen | #1648  | Thirty Years' War | 0,015,500 5,000
Battle of Berestechko | #1651  | Khmelnytsky Uprising | 0,030,200 30,000–40,000[249]
Battle of the Dunes | #1658  | Anglo-Spanish War (1654–1660) | 0,032,000 9,600
Battle of Samugarh | #1658  | Mughal Conquest | 0,032,000 32,000[245]
Battle of Khajwa | #1659  | Mughal Conquest | 0,020,000 20,000[245]
Battle of Saint Gotthard | #1664  | Battle of Saint Gotthard | 0,014,000 12,000
Battle of Khotyn (1673) | #1673  | Polish–Ottoman War (1672–1676) | 0,014,000 32,000
Battle of Lund | #1676  | Scanian War | 0,014,000 14,000[250]
Battle of Vienna | #1683  | Ottoman–Habsburg wars | 0,019,500 19,500[251]
Battle of Mohács (1687) | #1687  | Ottoman–Habsburg wars | 0,019,500 12,500
Battle of Fleurus | #1690  | War of the Grand Alliance | 0,028,000 10,600−28,000[252][253]
Battle of Landen | #1693  | War of the Grand Alliance | 0,028,000 28,000[254]
Battle of Zenta | #1697  | Ottoman–Habsburg wars | 0,030,300 30,300[255]
Battle of Jinji | #1698  | Mughal Conquest | 0,016,000 16,000[254]
Battle of Narva | #1700  | Great Northern War | 0,019,900 19,900[256][257]
Battle of Schellenberg | #1704  | War of the Spanish Succession | 0,032,000 11,000[254]
Battle of Blenheim | #1704  | War of the Spanish Succession | 0,032,000 32,000[254]
Battle of Chamkaur | #1705  | Mughal-Sikh Wars | 0,016,000 112,500
Battle of Fraustadt | #1706  | Great Northern War | 0,016,500 16,500[258]
Battle of Ramillies | #1706  | War of the Spanish Succession | 0,015,600 15,600[259]
Battle of Almansa | #1707  | War of the Spanish Succession | 0,032,000 22,000
Battle of Lesnaya | #1708  | Great Northern War | 0,011,000 11,000[260][261]
Battle of Poltava | #1709  | Great Northern War | 0,014,300 14,300[262]
Battle of Malplaquet | #1709  | War of the Spanish Succession | 0,095,000 95,000[259]
Battle of Helsingborg | #1710  | Great Northern War | 0,010,700 10,700[263]
Battle of Villaviciosa | #1710  | War of the Spanish Succession | 0,095,000 12,000
Battle of Gulnabad | #1722  | Hotaki-Safavid War | 0,010,700 17,000
Battle of Hohenfriedberg | #1745  | War of the Austrian Succession | 0,095,000 18,530
Battle of Fontenoy | #1745  | War of the Austrian Succession | 0,014,000 14,000[264]
Battle of Lobositz | #1756  | Seven Years' War | 0,011,800 7,000+
Battle of Leuthen | #1757  | Seven Years' War | 0,011,800 11,800[265]
Battle of Prague | #1757  | Seven Years' War | 0,011,800 +27,570
Battle of Gross-Jägersdorf | #1757  | Seven Years' War | 0,011,800 +10,000
Battle of Rossbach | #1757  | Seven Years' War | 0,011,800 10,000[266]
Battle of Breslau (1757) | #1757  | Seven Years' War | 0,030,000 12,000
Battle of Zorndorf | #1758  | Seven Years' War | 0,030,000 30,000[citation needed]
Battle of Krefeld | #1758  | Seven Years' War | 0,030,000 5,200
Battle of Kunersdorf | #1759  | Seven Years' War | 0,035,000 35,000[267]
Battle of Minden | #1759  | Seven Years' War | 0,035,000 12,700
Battle of Torgau | #1760  | Seven Years' War | 0,035,000 +32560
Third Battle of Panipat | #1761  | Marathas and Afghans | 0,100,001 65,000[268][269]
Battle of Kup | #1762  | Afghan-Sikh Wars | 0,060,000 Around 20,000[270]
Battle of Villinghausen | #1761  | Seven Years' War | 0,035,000 +13,000
Battle of Freiberg | #1762  | Seven Years' War | 0,060,000  10,500
Battle of Kagul | #1770  | Russo-Turkish War (1768–1774) | 0,021,000 21,000[271]
Battle of Porto Novo | #1781  | Second Anglo-Mysore War | 0,060,000 9306
Battle of Rạch Gầm-Xoài Mút | #1785  | Siamese-Vietnamese Wars | 0,050,000 50,000[272]
Battle of Rymnik | #1789  | Russo-Turkish War (1787–1792) | 0,021,000 21,000[273]
Battle of Jemappes | #1792  | War of the Second Coalition | 0,017,000 3,500
Battle of Praga | #1794  | Kościuszko Uprising | 0,011,000 26,000
Battle of Mardanpur | #1794  | Maratha and Patiala | 8,333-52,333[274]
Battle of Loano | #1795  | War of the First Coalition | 0,011,000 10,000
Battle of Arcole | #1796  | War of the First Coalition | 0,011,000 11,000[275]
Battle of Rivoli | #1797  | War of the First Coalition | 0,011,000 17,500
Battle of Trebbia | #1799  | War of the Second Coalition | 0,017,000 17,000–23,000[276]
Battle of Novi | #1799  | War of the Second Coalition | 0,019,500 19,500[277]
Battle of the Pyramids | #1798  | War of the Second Coalition | 0,019,500 10,000+
Battle of Stockach | 1800  | War of the Second Coalition | 0,016,400 9,800
Battle of Marengo | #1800  | War of the Second Coalition | 0,016,400 16,400[278]
Battle of Montebello | #1800  | War of the Second Coalition | 0,016,400 7,275
Battle of Pozzolo | #1800  | War of the Second Coalition | 0,016,400 +13,000
Battle of Höchstädt | #1800  | War of the Second Coalition | 0,016,400 7,000
Battle of Hohenlinden | #1800  | War of the Second Coalition | 0,016,400 16,000+
Ulm campaign | #1805  | War of the Third Coalition | 0,062,000 62,000[278]
Battle of Dürenstein | #1805  | War of the Third Coalition | 0,045,300 10,000
Battle of Austerlitz | #1805  | War of the Third Coalition | 0,045,300 45,300[279]
Battle of Schöngrabern | #1805  | War of the Third Coalition | 0,045,300 5,000
Battle of Jena–Auerstedt | #1806  | War of the Fourth Coalition | 0,052,000 52,000, including prisoners later killed[280]
Battle of Lübeck | #1806  | War of the Fourth Coalition | 0,052,000 18,800
Battle of Eylau | #1807  | War of the Fourth Coalition | 0,040,000 40,000[280]
Battle of Friedland | #1807  | War of the Fourth Coalition | 0,050,000 28,000–50,000[281]
Battle of Bailen | #1808  | Peninsular war | 0,050,000 21,000
Battle of Espinosa de los Monteros | #1808  | Peninsular war | 0,050,000 6,600
Battle of Gamonal | #1808  | Peninsular war | 0,050,000 3,600
Battle of Aspern-Essling | #1809  | War of the Fifth Coalition | 0,042,900 42,900[282]
Battle of Landshut | #1809  | War of the Fifth Coalition | 0,042,900 9,000
Battle of Eckmühl | #1809  | War of the Fifth Coalition | 0,042,900 13,700
Battle of Abensberg | #1809  | War of the Fifth Coalition | 0,042,900 8,200
Battle of Ebelsberg | #1809  | War of the Fifth Coalition | 0,042,900 15,340
Battle of Piave River | #1809  | War of the Fifth Coalition | 0,077,000 7,000
Battle of Wagram | #1809  | War of the Fifth Coalition | 0,077,000 77,000[280]–79,000[283]
Battle of Znaim | #1809  | War of the Fifth Coalition | 0,077,000 9,000
Battle of Raab | #1809  | War of the Fifth Coalition | 0,077,000 14,300
Battle of Talavera | #1809  | Peninsular War | 0,013,900 13,900[284]
Battle of Somosierra | #1808  | Peninsular War | 0,013,900  2,500
Battle of Bussaco | #1810  | Peninsular War | 0,013,900  5,900
Battle of Slobozia | #1811  | Russo-Turkish War (1806–1812) | 0,020,000 20,000[285]
Battle of Salamanca | #1812  | Peninsular War | 0,018,800 18,800[286]
Battle of Smolensk | #1812  | French invasion of Russia | 0,024,000 24,000[287]
Battle of Shevardino | #1812  | French invasion of Russia | 0,074,000 10,000
Battle of Borodino | #1812  | French invasion of Russia | 0,074,000 74,000[288]
Second Battle of Polotsk | #1812  | French invasion of Russia | 0,074,000 22,000
Battle of Maloyaroslavets | #1812  | French invasion of Russia | 0,074,000 16,000
Battle of Vyazma | #1812  | French invasion of Russia | 0,074,000 9,500
Battle of Wolkowisk | #1812  | French invasion of Russia | 0,074,000 6,000
Battle of Krasnoi | #1812  | French invasion of Russia | 0,074,000 28,000
Battle of Berezina | #1812  | French invasion of Russia | 0,060,000 60,000[288]
Battle of Vitoria | #1813  | Peninsular War | 0,013,000 13,000[286]
Battle of Lützen | #1813  | War of the Sixth Coalition | 0,031,155 31,155–52,000[289][290]
Battle of Bautzen | #1813  | War of the Sixth Coalition | 0,031,155 45,000
Battle of Hanau | #1813  | War of the Sixth Coalition | 0,048,000 15,000
Battle of Dresden | #1813  | War of the Sixth Coalition | 0,048,000 48,000[279]
Battle of Wartenburg | #1813  | War of the Sixth Coalition | 0,124,000 4,000
Battle of Großbeeren | #1813  | War of the Sixth Coalition | 0,124,000 5,000
Battle of Dennewitz | #1813  | War of the Sixth Coalition | 0,033,000 33,000[291]
Battle of Leipzig | #1813  | War of the Sixth Coalition | 0,124,000 124,000[62]
Battle of Orthez | #1814  | Peninsular War | 0,013,000 5,100
Battle of Arcis-sur-Aube | #1814  | War of the Sixth Coalition | 0,124,000 8,000
Battle of Wavre | #1815  | Hundred Days | 0,028,000 5,000
Battle of Quatre Bras | #1815  | Hundred Days | 0,028,000 10,000
Battle of Ligny | #1815  | Hundred Days | 0,028,000 28,000[292]
Battle of Waterloo | #1815  | Hundred Days | 0,047,000 47,000+ (not including prisoners and missing)[293][294]
Battle of Tolentino | #1815  | Neapolitan War | 0,028,000 5,000
Battle of Ayacucho | #1824  | Peruvian War of Independence | 0,047,000 +3,400
Battle of Jamrud | #1837  | Afghan-Sikh Wars | 0,047,000 11,000+
Battle of Inkerman | #1854  | Crimean War | 0,015,857 15,857[295]
Battle of Choloki | #1854  | Crimean War | 0,015,857 5,500
Battle of Kurekdere | #1854  | Crimean War | 0,015,857 3,409
Battle of Alma | #1854  | Crimean War | 0,015,857 +9,100
Battle of Magenta | #1859  | Second Italian War of Independence | 0,015,857 +14,900
Battle of Solferino | #1859  | Second Italian War of Independence | 0,015,857 +39,500
Battle of Jiangnan | #1860  | Taiping Rebellion | 0,015,857 +140,000
First Battle of Bull Run | #1861  | American Civil War | 0,024,000 4,690
Battle of Shiloh | #1862  | American Civil War | 0,024,000 24,000[296]
Battle of Antietam | #1862  | American Civil War | 0,023,000 23,000[65]–26,193[297]
Battle of Fredericksburg | #1862  | American Civil War | 0,017,300 17,300[65]–17,962[298]
Battle of Richmond | #1862  | American Civil War | 0,017,300 +5,900
Battle of Gaines' Mill | #1863  | American Civil War | 0,051,000 15,000+
Battle of Gettysburg | #1863  | American Civil War | 0,051,000 51,000[299][300]
Battle of Salem Church | #1863  | American Civil War | 0,051,000 +9,500
Battle of Chickamauga | #1863  | American Civil War | 0,034,001 34,624[301]
Battle of Spotsylvania Court House | #1864  | American Civil War | 0,030,001 30,000[302]
Battle of Stones River | #1862–1863  | American Civil War | 0,024,001 24,000[303]
Battle of the Wilderness | #1864  | American Civil War | 0,024,001 28,700
Battle of Cold Harbor | #1864  | American Civil War | 0,024,001 18,000
Battle of Changzhou | #1864  | Taiping Rebellion | 0,047,500 35,000
Battle of Hubei | #1864  | Taiping Rebellion | 0,047,500 +60,000
Battle of Königgrätz | #1866  | Austro-Prussian War | 0,047,500 47,500[304]
Battle of Münchengrätz | #1866  | Austro-Prussian War | 0,047,500 3,000
Battle of Tuyutí | #1866  | Paraguayan War | 0,007,001 7,000–16,000[305]
Battle of Curupayty | #1866  | Paraguayan War | 0,007,001 4,300
Battle of Ytororó | #1868  | Paraguayan War | 0,007,001 3,300+
Battle of Acosta Ñu | #1869  | Paraguayan War | 0,007,0015,102[citation needed]
Battle of Piribebuy | #1869  | Paraguayan War | 0,007,0012,210
Battle of Mars-la-Tour/Battle of Gravelotte | #1870  | Franco-Prussian War | 0,034,000 34,000[304]
Battle of Sedan | #1870  | Franco-Prussian War | 0,026,000 26,000[306]
Second Battle of Orleans | #1870  | Franco-Prussian War | 0,026,000 8,740
Battle of Le Mans | #1871  | Franco-Prussian War | 0,026,000 30,000
Battle of Tabaruzaka | #1877  | Satsasuma Rebelion | 0,026,000 8,400
Battle of Isandlwana | #1879  | Anglo-Zulu War | 0,026,000 6,300
Battle of Kambula | #1879  | Anglo-Zulu War | 0,026,000 2,134
Battle of Arica | #1880  | War of the Pacific | 0,026,000 3,600+
Battle of Adwa | #1896  | First Italo-Ethiopian War | 0,017,300 17,300[307]
Battle of Binakayan-Dalahican | #1896  | Philippine Revolutionary War | 0,002,001 2,000–15,000[308]
Battle of Omdurman | #1898  | Mahdist War | 0,020,430 20,430[309]
Battle of Sakarya | #1921  | Greco–Turkish War of 1919–22 | 0,061,000 61,000[310][311]

## Raids and sacks[edit]

Action  | Year  | Conflict  | Casualties

|
|
|

Sack of Rome (455) | 455  | fall of the Western Roman Empire | 400,000+
Sack of Thessalonica (1185) | 1185  | third Norman invasion of the Balkans | 10,000+
Sack of Berwick (1296) | 1296  | First War of Scottish Independence | 17,000
Sack of Rome (1527) | 1527  | War of the League of Cognac | 48,000
Sack of Naples | 1544  | Ottoman–Habsburg wars | 50,000
Sack of Magdeburg | 1631  | Thirty Years' War | 26,900
Raid on the Medway | 1667  | Second Anglo-Dutch War | 650
Dieppe Raid | 1942  | World War II | 6860

## Naval battles[edit]

Further information: Largest naval battle in history

Battle or Action  | Year  | Conflict  | Casualties

|
|
|

Battle of Salamis | 480 BC  | Second Persian Invasion of Greece | 50,000?
Battle of Cape Ecnomus | 256 BC  | First Punic War | 50,000
Battle of Dan-no-ura | 1185  | Genpei War | 20,000
Battle of Yamen | 1279  | Song-Yuan Wars | 110,000
Third battle of Bach Dang river | 1288  | Mongol invasion of Vietnam | 85,000
Battle of Chaul | 1508  | Mamluk–Portuguese conflicts | 840
Battle of Lepanto | 1571  | Ottoman–Habsburg wars | 40,000
Battle of São Vicente | 1583  | Eighty Years' War | 166
Battle of Solebay | 1672  | Third Anglo-Dutch War | 3,100
Battles of Barfleur and La Hougue | 1692  | Nine Years' War | 10,000
Battle of Pondicherry | 1759  | Seven Years' War | 1,589
Battle of Chesma | 1770  | Russo-Turkish War (1768–1774) | 12,000
Battle of Dogger Bank | 1781  | Fourth Anglo-Dutch War | 988
Battle of Vyborg Bay | 1790  | Russo-Swedish War (1788–90) | 6,000 — 12,000
Battle of the Nile | 1798  | French campaign in Egypt and Syria | 8,997
Battle of Copenhagen | 1801  | War of the Second Coalition | 2,800
Battle of Trafalgar | 1805  | War of the Third Coalition | 4,853
Battle of Navarino | 1827  | Greek War of Independence | 6,000
Battle of Sinop | 1853  | Crimean War | 3,366
Battle of Hampton Roads | 1862  | American Civil War | 392
Battle of Riachuelo | 1865  | Paraguayan War | 997
Battle of the Yalu River | 1894  | First Sino-Japanese War | 1,730
Battle of the Yellow Sea | 1904  | Russo-Japanese War | 566
Battle of Tsushima | 1905  | Russo-Japanese War | 5,162
Battle of Lemnos | 1913  | First Balkan War | 146
Battle of Coronel | 1914  | World War I | 1,660
Battle of the Falkland Islands | 1914  | World War I | 1,900
Battle of Dogger Bank | 1915  | World War I | 1,081
Battle of Jutland | 1916  | World War I | 12,000
Battle of Cape Machichaco | 1937  | Spanish Civil War | 35
Battle of Cape Palos | 1938  | Spanish Civil War | 765
Battle of the River Plate | 1939  | World War II | 196
Attack on Mers-el-Kébir | 1940  | World War II | 1,669
Operation Juno | 1940  | World War II | 1,662
Last battle of Bismarck | 1941  | World War II | 2,249
Battle of Cape Matapan | 1941  | World War II | 2,303
Battle of Cape Bon | 1941  | World War II | 817
Battle of the Java Sea | 1942  | World War II | 2,336
Battle of Midway | 1942  | World War II | 3,364
Battle of Santa Cruz Islands | 1942  | World War II | 766
Battle of Savo Island | 1942  | World War II | 1217
Naval Battle of Casablanca | 1942  | World War II | 636
Battle of the Bismarck Sea | 1943  | World War II | 2,903
Battle of Leyte Gulf | 1944  | World War II | 15,500
Battle of San Carlos | 1982  | Falklands War | 65

## See also[edit]

* Lists of death tolls
* Casualties of the Iraq War – Iraq War casualties
* Deadliest single days of World War I
* List of wars and anthropogenic disasters by death toll – Events that significantly dropped the human populationPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
* List of wars by death toll
* United States military casualties of war – Military personnel casualties of the United States
* List of terrorist incidents
* List of wars – Overview of and topical guide to warPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
* Lists of battles
* List of invasions – List of military invasions

## Notes[edit]

1. ^ including approximately 35,000 civilian casualties due to bombing
2. ^ including approximately 35,000 civilian casualties due to bombing

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