List of battles involving Georgia (country)

This is a list of the battles in the history of the country of Georgia.

The list gives the name, the date, the combatants, and the result of the battles following this legend:

Georgian victory
Georgian defeat
Another result (*e.g. a treaty or peace without a clear result,
status quo ante bellum, result of civil or internal conflict, result unknown or indecisive)
Ongoing conflict

## Antiquity

[edit]

Date  | Battle  | Modern Location  | Conflict  | Combatant 1  | Combatant 2  | Result

|
|
|
|
|
|

1112 BC  | Battle of Tao[1] | Artvin Province, Turkey | Assyrian Invasion of Diauehi[1] | Diauehi,

Colchis

| Assyrian Empire | Defeat
845 BC  | Capture of Artvin[1] | Artvin Province, Turkey | Assyrian Invasion of Diauehi[1] | Diauehi,

Colchis

| Assyrian Empire | Defeat
65 BC  | Battle of the Pelorus[2] | Aragvi River, Mtskheta-Mtianeti, Georgia | Caucasian campaign of Pompey | Kingdom of Iberia |  Roman Republic | Defeat
51 AD  | Siege of Garni | Kotayk Province, Armenia | Iberian–Armenian War | Kingdom of Iberia |  Kingdom of Armenia
Roman Empire | Victory

* Rhadamistus ascended on the Armenian throne[3]

## Early medieval fragmentation

[edit]

Date  | Battle  | Modern Location  | Conflict  | Combatant 1  | Combatant 2  | Result

|
|
|
|
|
|

502/522  | Battle of Ujarma[4] | Ujarma fortress, Sagarejo Municipality, Kakheti, Georgia | Vakhtang Gorgasali's Rebellion against the Sasanian Iran [ka] |  Kingdom of Iberia |  Sassanid Empire | Defeat
541  | Siege of Petra[5] | Tsikhisdziri, Adjara, Georgia | Lazic War |  Sassanid Empire
Lazica |  Byzantine Empire | Victory
549  | Siege of Petra[6] | Tsikhisdziri, Adjara, Georgia | Lazic War |  Byzantine Empire
Lazica |  Sassanid Empire | Defeat
550  | Battle of the Hippus[7] | Tskhenistsqali River, Mingrelia, Georgia | Lazic War |  Byzantine Empire
Lazica |  Sassanid Empire
Alans | Victory
550  | Battle of Mukhurisi [ka] | Imereti, Georgia

| Lazic War |  Byzantine Empire
Lazica |  Sassanid Empire | Victory
550  | Battle of Rioni [ka] | Imereti, Georgia

| Lazic War |  Byzantine Empire
Lazica |  Sassanid Empire | Victory
551  | Siege of Petra[8] | Tsikhisdziri, Adjara, Georgia | Lazic War |  Byzantine Empire
Lazica |  Sassanid Empire | Victory
551  | Battle of Tsikhegoji [ka][a][8] | Nokalakevi, Mingrelia, Georgia | Lazic War |  Byzantine Empire
Lazica |  Sassanid Empire | Victory
553  | Battle of Telephis–Ollaria | Samtredia Municipality, Imereti, Georgia | Lazic War |  Byzantine Empire
Lazica |  Sassanid Empire | Defeat
555  | Siege of Phasis | Poti, Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti Georgia

| Lazic war |  Byzantine Empire
Lazica |  Sassanid Empire | Victory
556  | Battle of Tsakhar [ka][9] | Chkhalta, Kodori Valley, Abkhazia, Georgia | Misimian revolt  | Misimian rebels  |  Byzantine Empire | Defeat
627-628  | Siege of Tbilisi[10] | Tbilisi, Georgia | Byzantine–Sasanian War of 602–628 |  Sasanian Iberia
Sasanian Empire |  Byzantine Empire
Western Turkic Khaganate (retreated)

Chosroid Dynasty

| Defeat

• End of the Sasanian Iberia

737  | Siege of Anakopia[11] | New Athos, Abkhazia, Georgia | Umayyad invasion of Georgia[12] |  Principality of Iberia[13]
Principality of Abkhazia[13] | Umayyad Caliphate | Victory
818  | Battle of Ksani[14] | Ksani Valley, Mtskheta-Mtianeti, Georgia | War over control of Kartli  |  Principality of Iberia
Kingdom of Abkhazia | Kingdom of Kakheti-Hereti
Emirate of Tbilisi
Mtiuletians
Tsanars | Iberian-Abkhazian victory[b]
840-842  | Battle of Gavazi[15] | Qvareli Municipality, Kakheti, Georgia | Khalid ibn Yazid al-Shaybani's campaign in the Caucasus  | Principality of Kakheti |  Abbasid Caliphate

* Arminiya

| Victory
842  | Battle of Rekha [ka][16] | Gori Municipality, Shida Kartli, Georgia | Muhammad ibn Khalid al-Shaybani's campaign in the Caucasus  | Emirate of Tbilisi

Principality of Kakheti[16]

|  Abbasid Caliphate

* Arminiya

Kouropalatate of Tao-Klarjeti

| Inconclusive
853  | Siege of Tbilisi[17] | Tbilisi, Georgia | Bugha al-Kabir's campaign in the Caucasus  | Emirate of Tbilisi |  Abbasid Caliphate

* Arminiya

Kouropalatate of Tao-Klarjeti

| Victory of Abbasids and Tao[c]
853  | Battle of Kvertskhobi[19] | Khashuri Municipality, Shida Kartli, Georgia | Bugha al-Kabir's campaign in the Caucasus  |  Kingdom of Abkhazia |  Abbasid Caliphate

* Arminiya

Kouropalatate of Tao-Klarjeti

| Victory of Abbasids and Tao
853  | Battle of Tskhavati[19] | Mtiuleti, Georgia | Bugha al-Kabir's campaign in the Caucasus  | Mtiuletians |  Abbasid Caliphate

* Arminiya

| Victory
888  | Battle of Aspindza[20] | On the shores of Kura River in the Aspindza Municipality, Samtskhe-Javakheti, Georgia [21] | Dynastic strife in Iberia | Adarnase IV of Iberia
Gurgen I of Tao
Bagratid Armenia | Nasra of Tao-Klarjeti
Kingdom of Abkhazia
Alania[22] | Victory of Adarnase[d]

* Establishment of the Kingdom of the Iberians under Adarnase IV

891  | Battle of Mglinavi[23] | Near Çayağzı, Hanak District, Artvin Province, Turkey | Dynastic strife in Iberia | Adarnase IV of Iberia
Bagrat I of Klarjeti | Gurgen I of Tao | Victory of Adarnase
904  | Siege of Uplistsikhe[24] | Uplistsikhe, Gori Municipality, Shida Kartli | War over control of Shida Kartli  |  Bagratid Armenia

Kingdom of the Iberians

|  Kingdom of Abkhazia | Armenian-Iberian tactical victory[e]
914  | Siege of Queli | Queli, Ardahan Province, Turkey | Sajid invasion of Georgia |  Kingdom of the Iberians | Sajid dynasty | Defeat
970  | Siege of Dzama[25] | Fortress of Dzama, Kareli Municipality, Shida Kartli | Abkhazian civil war  |  Theodosius III of Abkhazia

Duchy of Dzama

|  Demetrius III of Abkhazia | Inconclusive
979  | Battle of Pankaleia | Afyonkarahisar Province, Turkey | Rebellion of Bardas Skleros |  Byzantine Empire
Kingdom of the Iberians | Bardas Skleros | Victory
980  | Battle of Moghrisi[26] | Temporary Tighvi Municipality, Shida Kartli, Georgia (de facto South Ossetia)  | Unification of the Georgian realm |  Bagrat III of Georgia | Kavtar Tbeli | Victory

* Bagrat III establishes his sovereignty over Kartli

990  | Battle of Valashkert[27] | Turkey | David III's campaigns against the Muslims |  Kingdom of the Iberians

Principality of Tao

| Rawadid dynasty | Victory
998  | Battle of Tsumb[28] | Near Lake Van, Turkey | Mamlan I's campaign against David III  |  Kingdom of the Iberians

Principality of Tao
Bagratid Armenia

| Rawadid dynasty | Victory

## Kingdom of Georgia (1008–1490)

[edit]

Date  | Battle  | Modern Location  | Conflict  | Combatant 1  | Combatant 2  | Result

|
|
|
|
|
|

1012  | Siege of Shamkor[29] | Shamkir, Azerbaijan | Georgian–Shaddadid wars |  Kingdom of Georgia

Bagratid Armenia

| Shaddadids | Victory
1021  | Battle of Shirimni | Childir, Turkey | Byzantine–Georgian war (1014-1022) |  Kingdom of Georgia
Bagratid Armenia |  Byzantine Empire | Defeat
1022  | Battle of Svindax | Turkey | Byzantine–Georgian war (1014-1022) |  Kingdom of Georgia |  Byzantine Empire | Defeat
1026  | Siege of Shamkor[30] | Shamkir, Azerbaijan | Georgian–Shaddadid wars  |  Kingdom of Georgia | Shaddadids | Defeat
1028  | Battle of Kldekari[31] | Kldekari Fortress, Tetritsqaro Municipality, Kvemo Kartli, Georgia | Byzantine–Georgian war (1028) |  Kingdom of Georgia

* Duchy of Kldekari

|  Byzantine Empire | Victory
1030  | Battle of Ekletz[32][31] | Erzincan Province (historical Acilisene), Turkey | Georgian–Shaddadid wars  |  Kingdom of Georgia

* Duchy of Kldekari

Kingdom of Kakheti-Hereti
Kingdom of Tashir-Dzoraget
Emirate of Tbilisi

| Shaddadids | Victory
1038-1040  | Siege of Tbilisi | Tbilisi, Georgia | Unification of the Georgian realm |  Kingdom of Georgia

* Duchy of Kldekari

Kingdom of Kakheti-Hereti[33]

| Emirate of Tbilisi | Inconclusive

* Bagrat IV lifts the siege

1040  | Battle of Tashir | Gagi Fortress, Georgia | Georgian–Shaddadid wars  | Kingdom of Tashir-Dzoraget
Kingdom of Ani
Kingdom of Kapan
Kingdom of Georgia | Shaddadids | Victory
1042  | Battle of Sasireti | Kaspi Municipality, Shida Kartli, Georgia | Georgian civil war of 1033-1058 |  Kingdom of Georgia
Varangians | Duchy of Kldekari
Byzantine Empire | Defeat
1046  | Battle of Ganja | Ganja, Azerbaijan | Byzantine–Seljuk wars |  Byzantine Empire
Duchy of Kldekari |  Seljuk Empire | Defeat
1047  | Battle of Arkistsikhe[34] | Akhalkalaki Municipality, Samtskhe-Javakheti, Georgia | Georgian civil war of 1033-1058 |  Kingdom of Georgia
Duchy of Kalmakhi
Duchy of Artanuj  | Duchy of Kldekari
Byzantine Empire
Kingdom of Kakheti-Hereti
Kingdom of Tashir-Dzoraget | Defeat
1048  | Battle of Kapetron | Pasinler District, Erzurum Province, Turkey | Byzantine–Seljuk wars |  Byzantine Empire
Duchy of Kldekari |  Seljuk Empire | Tactical victory
1064  | Battle of Akhalkalaki[35] | Akhalkalaki, Samtskhe-Javakheti, Georgia | Georgian–Seljuk wars |  Kingdom of Georgia

Bagratid Armenia

|  Seljuk Empire | Defeat

* Seljuks conquer southern Georgian territories

1068  | Siege of Sveri[36] | Fortress of Sveri, Imereti, Georgia | Georgian–Seljuk wars |  Kingdom of Georgia

Bagratid Armenia

|  Seljuk Empire

Kingdom of Tashir-Dzoraget
Kingdom of Kakheti-Hereti
Emirate of Tbilisi

| Defeat▼

* Pyrrhic Seljuk victory[f]

1074[g] | Battle of Partskhisi | On the Algeti river,[37] Tetritsqaro Municipality, Kvemo Kartli, Georgia | Georgian–Seljuk wars |  Kingdom of Georgia

Kingdom of Kakheti-Hereti

|  Seljuk Empire | Victory

* Giorgi II reclaims southern Georgian territories

1080  | Battle of Queli[38] | Queli, Ardahan Province, Turkey | Georgian–Seljuk wars |  Kingdom of Georgia |  Seljuk Empire | Defeat

* Beginning of Great Turkish Invasion

1084  | Siege of Vejini[39] | Gurjaani Municipality, Kakheti, Georgia | Unification of the Georgian realm |  Kingdom of Georgia
Seljuk Empire | Kingdom of Kakheti-Hereti | Inconclusive

* George II lifts the siege

1103  | Siege of Zedazeni [ka][40] | Fortress of Zedazeni, Mtskheta Municipality, Mtskheta-Mtianeti, Georgia | Unification of the Georgian realm |  Kingdom of Georgia | Kingdom of Kakheti-Hereti | Victory[h]
1104  | Battle of Ertsukhi | Eastern Georgia | Georgian–Seljuk wars |  Kingdom of Georgia

* Duchy of Kldekari

|  Seljuk Empire | Victory
1110  | Siege of Samshvilde | Tetritsqaro Municipality, Kvemo Kartli, Georgia | Georgian–Seljuk wars |  Kingdom of Georgia |  Seljuk Empire | Victory
1110  | Battle of Trialeti | Kvemo Kartli, Georgia | Georgian–Seljuk wars |  Kingdom of Georgia |  Seljuk Empire | Victory
1118  | Battle of Rakhsi | On the Aras river, Armenia | Georgian–Seljuk wars |  Kingdom of Georgia |  Seljuk Empire | Victory
1120  | Battle of Botora | Georgia | Georgian–Seljuk wars |  Kingdom of Georgia |  Seljuk Empire | Victory
1121  | Battle of Didgori | Tbilisi, Georgia | Georgian–Seljuk wars |  Kingdom of Georgia

* Kipchak, Armenian, English, Frankish, and Alan mercenaries

|  Seljuk Empire
Sultanate of Rum
Artuqids
Beylik of Dilmaç
Banu Mazyad
Shaddadids
Emirate of Tbilisi | Victory

* Beginning of the Georgian Golden Age

1122  | Siege of Tbilisi | Tbilisi, Georgia | Georgian–Seljuk wars |  Kingdom of Georgia | Emirate of Tbilisi,

Seljuk Empire

| Victory

* Reclamation of Tbilisi by the Georgians

1124  | Siege of Ani | Ani, Kars Province, Turkey | Georgian–Seljuk wars |  Kingdom of Georgia | Shaddadids

Seljuk Empire

| Victory
1143  | Battle of Ganja[41] | Ganja, Azerbaijan | Georgian–Seljuk wars |  Kingdom of Georgia |  Seljuk Sultanate of Mosul

* Eldiguzids

| Indecisive[i]
1160  | Siege of Tbilisi[42] | Tbilisi, Georgia | Georgian–Seljuk wars |  Kingdom of Georgia | Emirate of Ganja  | Defeat[j]
1161  | Siege of Ani | Ani, Kars Province, Turkey | Georgian–Seljuk wars |  Kingdom of Georgia | Eldiguzids
Seljuk Empire
Shah-Armens
Artuqids
Emirate of Kars
Beylik of Dilmaç[43] | Victory
1162  | Battle of Dvin[44] | Near Dvin, Ararat Province, Armenia | Georgian–Seljuk wars |  Kingdom of Georgia | Eldiguzids
Seljuk Empire
Shah-Armens
Artuqids | Victory
1163  | Battle of al-Krkri[45] | Herher, Vayots Dzor Province, Armenia | Georgian–Seljuk wars |  Kingdom of Georgia |  Seljuk Empire

Eldiguzids
Shah-Armens
Ahmadilis
Artuqids
Beylik of Dilmaç

| Defeat
1173  | Siege of Derbent | Derbent, Dagestan, Russian Federation | Caspian expeditions of the Rusʹ |  Kingdom of Georgia

* Shirvanshah

| Rus' people
Alans
Kipchaks | Victory
1174  | Siege of Ani[46] | Ani, Kars Province, Turkey | Georgian–Shaddadid wars
Georgian–Seljuk wars |  Kingdom of Georgia | Shaddadids

Saltukids
Shah-Armens

| Victory
1177  | Siege of Lori[47] | Lori Fortress, Lori Province, Armenia | Orbelian Rebellion [ka] |  George III of Georgia |  Demna of Georgia

House of Orbeliani

| Victory of Giorgi
1191  | Battle of Niali [ka][48] | Niali Plain, Aspindza Municipality, Samtskhe-Javakheti, Georgia | Revolt of Yury Bogolyubsky |  Kingdom of Georgia | Yury Bogolyubsky | Victory
1195  | Battle of Shamkor | Shamkir, Azerbaijan | Georgian–Seljuk wars |  Kingdom of Georgia

Shirvanshahs

| Eldiguzids | Victory
1196  | Siege of Amberd [hy] | Amberd, Aragatsotn Province, Armenia | Georgian–Seljuk wars |  Kingdom of Georgia

* Zakarids

| Shaddadids | Victory
1199  | Siege of Ani | Ani, Kars Province, Turkey | Georgian–Seljuk wars
Georgian–Shaddadid wars  |  Kingdom of Georgia

* Zakarids

| Shaddadids | Victory

* Ani conclusively annexed to the Kingdom of Georgia
* End of Shaddadids

1202  | Battle of Basiani | Pasinler District, Erzurum Province, Turkey | Georgian–Seljuk wars |  Kingdom of Georgia

Alans Armenian Mercenaries

|  Sultanate of Rum

Ayyubid Dynasty

Abbasid Caliphate Beylik of Dilmaç Ghurid Dynasty Mengujekids Artuqids Saltukids Zengids Shah-Armens Ahlatshahs

| Victory[k]
1206–1207  | Siege of Kars | Kars Province, Turkey | Georgian–Seljuk wars |  Kingdom of Georgia | Emirate of Kars | Victory

* Kars annexed to the Kingdom of Georgia

1208-1209  | Siege of Archesh [ka] | Erciş, Van Province, Turkey | Ayyubid–Georgian wars  |  Kingdom of Georgia |  Ayyubid dynasty | Victory
1210  | Siege of Khlat[49][50] | Akhlat, Bitlis Province, Turkey | Ayyubid–Georgian wars  |  Kingdom of Georgia |  Ayyubid dynasty | Inconclusive

* Thirty Years' Truce

1210  | Battle of Marand[51][52][53][54] | Marand, East Azerbaijan province, Iran | Georgian campaign against the Eldiguzids |  Kingdom of Georgia

* Zakarids

| Eldiguzids | Victory
1210  | Capture of Tabriz[55] | Tabriz, East Azerbaijan province, Iran | Georgian campaign against Eldiguzids |  Kingdom of Georgia

* Zakarids

| Eldiguzids | Victory
1210  | Storming of Zanjan[55] | Zanjan, Zanjan province, Iran | Georgian campaign against the Eldiguzids |  Kingdom of Georgia

* Zakarids

| Eldiguzids | Victory
1213  | Siege of Ganja | Ganja, Azerbaijan | Georgian–Seljuk wars |  Kingdom of Georgia | Eldiguzids | Victory[l]
1222  | Battle of Khunan | Shamakhi District, Azerbaijan | Mongol invasions of Georgia |  Kingdom of Georgia | Mongol Empire | Defeat
1225  | Battle of Garni | Kotayk Province, Armenia | Khwarazmian invasions of Georgia [ka] |  Kingdom of Georgia | Khwarazmian Empire | Defeat
1226  | Siege of Tbilisi[56] | Tbilisi, Georgia | Khwarazmian invasions of Georgia [ka] |  Kingdom of Georgia | Khwarazmian Empire | Defeat

* Massacre of Christians by Khwarazmians

1228  | Battle of Bolnisi | Bolnisi Municipality, Kvemo Kartli, Georgia | Khwarazmian invasions of Georgia [ka] |  Kingdom of Georgia

Vainakhs
Alans

| Khwarazmian Empire

Kipchaks

| Defeat
1243  | Battle of Köse Dağ | Sivas Province, Turkey | Mongol invasions of Anatolia | Mongol Empire
Principality of Khachen
Georgian mercenaries |  Sultanate of Rum
Georgian auxiliaries
Trapezuntine auxiliaries
Latin mercenaries | Mongol victory
1258  | Siege of Baghdad | Baghdad, Iraq | Mongol invasions and conquests |  Ilkhanate
Kingdom of Georgia
Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia |  Abbasid Caliphate | Victory

* Annexation of Mesopotamia by the Ilkhanate

1260  | Battle of Ain Jalut | Jezreel Valley, Israel | Mongol invasions of the Levant

Ilkhanate
Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia
Kingdom of Georgia[57]

|  Mamluk Sultanate
Ayyubid emirs of Kerak and Hamah | Defeat
1260  | Battle of Kvishkheti [ka][58] | Kvishkheti, Khashuri Municipality, Shida Kartli, Georgia | David Ulugh's rebellion [ka] |  Kingdom of Georgia

* Principality of Samtskhe

|  Ilkhanate

Georgian nobles

| Defeat
1277  | Battle of Elbistan | Kahramanmaraş Province, Turkey | Mongol invasions of the Levant |  Ilkhanate
Kingdom of Georgia
Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia
Sultanate of Rum |  Mamluk Sultanate | Defeat
1281  | Second Battle of Homs | Homs, Syria | Mongol invasions of the Levant |  Ilkhanate
Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia
Kingdom of Georgia
Sultanate of Rum
Knights Hospitaller |  Mamluk Sultanate | Defeat
1282  | Siege of Trebizond | Trabzon, Turkey | Byzantine–Georgian wars |  Kingdom of Western Georgia |  Empire of Trebizond | Defeat
1299  | Battle of Wadi al-Khaznadar | Homs, Syria | Mongol invasions of the Levant |  Ilkhanate
Kingdom of Georgia
Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia |  Mamluk Sultanate | Victory
1303  | Battle of Marj al-Saffar | Ghabaghib, 25 miles south of Damascus, Syria | Mongol invasions of the Levant |  Ilkhanate
Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia
Kingdom of Georgia[59] |  Mamluk Sultanate | Defeat
1327  | Battle of Lomisi[60] | Mleta, Dusheti Municipality, Mtskheta-Mtianeti, Georgia | War between Aragvi and Ksani over domination of Mtiuleti | Duchy of Ksani | Duchy of Aragvi

Ilkhanate[citation needed]

| Victory of Ksani
1330  | Siege of Kutaisi[61] | Kutaisi, Imereti, Georgia | Military campaign of George V |  Kingdom of Georgia |  Kingdom of Western Georgia | Victory

* Reunification of Western and Eastern Georgia

1386  | Siege of Tbilisi | Tbilisi, Georgia | Timurid invasions of Georgia |  Kingdom of Georgia |  Timurid Empire | Defeat
1388  | Siege of Alinja[62] | Alinja, Julfa District, Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic, Azerbaijan | Timurid invasions of Georgia |  Kingdom of Georgia |  Timurid Empire | Defeat
1398  | Siege of Alinja | Alinja, Julfa District, Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic, Azerbaijan | Timurid invasions of Georgia |  Kingdom of Georgia |  Timurid Empire | Defeat
1399  | Battle of Alinja (1399)[63][64] | Alinja, Julfa District, Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic, Azerbaijan | Timurid invasions of Georgia |  Kingdom of Georgia |  Timurid Empire | Victory
1400  | Battle of the Sagim River[65][66] | Zəyəmçay river, Shamkir or Gadabay District, Azerbaijan | Timurid invasions of Georgia |  Kingdom of Georgia |  Timurid Empire | Victory
1401  | Siege of Alinja[65] | Alinja, Julfa District, Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic, Azerbaijan | Timurid invasions of Georgia |  Kingdom of Georgia |  Timurid Empire | Defeat[m]

•Truce of Shamkor

1401  | Battle of Tortum[65][67] | Tortum fortress, Tortum, Erzurum Province, Turkey | Timurid invasions of Georgia |  Kingdom of Georgia |  Timurid Empire | Defeat
1403  | Siege of Birtvisi | Tetritsqaro Municipality, Kvemo Kartli, Georgia | Timurid invasions of Georgia |  Kingdom of Georgia |  Timurid Empire | Defeat
1407  | Battle of Nakhiduri | Kvemo Kartli, Georgia | Turkoman invasions of Georgia

Qara Yusuf's invasions of Georgia

|  Kingdom of Georgia
Simsir
Shirvanshah |  Qara Qoyunlu | Defeat
1412  | Battle of Chalagan | Çalağan-Güney, Lachin District, Azerbaijan | Turkoman invasions of Georgia

Qara Yusuf's invasions of Georgia

|  Kingdom of Georgia |  Qara Qoyunlu | Defeat
1444  | Battle of Akhaltsikhe [ka][68] | Akhaltsikhe, Samtskhe-Javakheti, Georgia | Turkoman invasions of Georgia

Jahan Shah's second invasion of Georgia

|  Kingdom of Georgia |  Qara Qoyunlu | Victory[n]
1463  | Battle of Chikhori | Terjola Municipality, Imereti, Georgia | Collapse of the Georgian realm |  Kingdom of Georgia |  Kingdom of Imereti | Defeat

* Imeretian secession from Georgia

1465  | Battle of Paravani[69] | Paravani Lake, Samtskhe–Javakheti, Georgia | Collapse of the Georgian realm |  Kingdom of Georgia |  Principality of Samtskhe | Defeat

* Samtskhian secession from Georgia

1483  | Battle of Aradeti | Kareli Municipality, Shida Kartli, Georgia | Collapse of the Georgian realm |  Kingdom of Georgia |  Principality of Samtskhe | Defeat
1488  | Battle of Enageti [ka] | Enageti, Kvemo Kartli, Georgia | Turkoman invasions of Georgia

* Yaqub's invasions of Georgia

|  Kingdom of Georgia |  Aq Qoyunlu | Victory
1488  | Siege of Tbilisi[70] | Tbilisi, Georgia | Turkoman invasions of Georgia

* Yaqub's invasions of Georgia

|  Kingdom of Georgia |  Aq Qoyunlu | Victory
1490  | Siege of Orbeti Fortress[70] | Tetritskaro Municipality, Kvemo Kartli, Georgia | Turkoman invasions of Georgia

* Yaqub's invasions of Georgia

|  Kingdom of Georgia |  Aq Qoyunlu | Victory
1490  | Siege of Kojori Fortress[70] | Agarani Fortress, Kojori, Tbilisi, Georgia | Turkoman invasions of Georgia

* Yaqub's invasions of Georgia

|  Kingdom of Georgia |  Aq Qoyunlu | Defeat
1490  | Siege of Tbilisi[70] | Tbilisi, Georgia | Turkoman invasions of Georgia

* Yaqub's invasions of Georgia

|  Kingdom of Georgia |  Aq Qoyunlu | Victory

## Royal triarchy and principalities (1490–1801)

[edit]

Date  | Battle  | Modern Location  | Conflict  | Combatant 1  | Combatant 2  | Result

|
|
|
|
|
|

1501  | Battle of Sharur | Sharur Azerbaijan | Safavid–Aq qoyunlu wars

Turkoman invasions of Georgia (1407-1502)

|  Safavid Empire

Kingdom of Kartli

|  Aq Qoyunlu | Victory[o]
1512  | Battle of Mokhisi [ka] | Kareli Municipality, Shida Kartli, Georgia | Civil war  |  Bagrat III of Imereti |  Vakhtang

Supported by:
Kingdom of Kartli
Principality of Samtskhe

| Victory of Bagrat
1518  | Battle of Tmogvi[71] | Aspindza Municipality, Samtskhe-Javakheti, Georgia | Civil war  |  Manuchar I Jaqeli |  Qvarqvare III Jaqeli
Safavid Empire | Qvarqvare's victory[p]
1520  | Battle of Magharo[72] | Sighnaghi Municipality, Kakheti, Georgia | War of the Kakhetian Succession  |  Levan of Kakheti |  Kingdom of Kartli | Victory of Levan
1520  | Battle of Mokhisi | Kareli Municipality, Shida Kartli, Georgia | War of the Kakhetian Succession  |  Principality of Guria |  Kingdom of Kartli | Gurian victory[q]
1522  | Battle of Teleti [ka][73] | Gardabani Municipality, Kvemo Kartli, Georgia | Georgian–Safavid wars |  Kingdom of Kartli |  Safavid Empire | Defeat
1535  | Battle of Murjakheti | Akhalkalaki Municipality, Samtskhe-Javakheti, Georgia | Imereti–Samtskhe war  |  Kingdom of Imereti
Principality of Mingrelia
Principality of Guria |  Principality of Samtskhe | Victory[r]
1543  | Battle of Karagak | Turkey | Georgian–Ottoman wars |  Kingdom of Imereti

Principality of Guria

|  Ottoman Empire | Victory

• Death of Musa Pasha

1545  | Battle of Sokhoista | Pasinler District, Erzurum Province, Turkey | Georgian–Ottoman wars |  Kingdom of Imereti

Kingdom of Kartli
Principality of Guria

|  Ottoman Empire | Defeat

• Samtskhe becomes Ottoman vassal

1556  | Battle of Garisi | Kvemo Kartli, Georgia | Georgian–Safavid wars |  Kingdom of Kartli |  Safavid Empire | Pyrrhic victory[s]
1561  | Battle of Tsikhedidi [ka][74] | Mtskheta Municipality, Mtskheta-Mtianeti, Georgia | Georgian–Safavid wars |  Kingdom of Kartli
Kingdom of Kakheti |  Safavid Empire | Defeat
1567  | Battle of Digomi | Tbilisi, Georgia | Georgian–Safavid wars |  Kingdom of Kartli |  Safavid Empire

* Daud Khan

| Victory
1568  | Battle of Samadlo [ka][75] | Tbilisi, Georgia | Georgian–Safavid wars |  Kingdom of Kartli |  Safavid Empire

* Daud Khan

| Victory
1568  | Battle of Ianeti[76] | Samtredia Municipality, Imereti, Georgia | Civil war  |  Principality of Mingrelia

Varaz Chiladze Liparteliani

|  Kingdom of Imereti | Imeretian victory
1569  | Battle of Partskhisi [ka][74] | Tetritsqaro Municipality, Kvemo Kartli, Georgia | Georgian–Safavid wars |  Kingdom of Kartli |  Safavid Empire

* Daud Khan

Avars[77] Kumyks[77]

| Pyrrhic victory[t]
1573  | Battle of Zugdidi[78] | Zugdidi Municipality, Mingrelia, Georgia | Guria–Mingrelia war  |  Principality of Guria |  Principality of Mingrelia | Gurian victory[u]
1578  | Battle of Çıldır | Çıldır, Ardahan Province, Turkey | Ottoman–Safavid War (1578–1590) |  Safavid Empire

* Kingdom of Kartli

|  Ottoman Empire | Defeat
1579  | Siege of Tbilisi [tr] | Tbilisi, Georgia | Ottoman–Safavid War (1578–1590) |  Safavid Empire

Kingdom of Kartli

|  Ottoman Empire | Defeat[v]
1582  | Battle of Mukhrani [ka] | Mukhrani, Mtskheta-Mtianeti, Georgia | Georgian–Ottoman wars,

Ottoman–Persian Wars

|  Kingdom of Kartli

Kingdom of Kakheti
Safavid Empire

|  Ottoman Empire

* Çıldır Eyalet
* Erzurum Eyalet
* Diyarbekir Eyalet

| Victory[w]
1584  | Battle of Khatisopeli [ka] | Bolnisi Municipality, Kvemo Kartli, Georgia | Ottoman–Safavid War (1578–1590)
Georgian-Ottoman wars  |  Kingdom of Kartli
Principality of Samtskhe |  Ottoman Empire | Victory
1588  | Battle of Gopanto [ka] | Tsqaltubo Municipality, Imereti, Georgia | War of Imeretian succession  |  Kingdom of Kartli |  Principality of Mingrelia
Rostom of Imereti | Mingrelian victory[x]
1598–1599  | Battle of Gori[80] | Gori, Shida Kartli, Georgia | Georgian–Ottoman wars |  Kingdom of Kartli |  Ottoman Empire | Victory[y]
1599  | Battle of Nakhiduri | Tetritsqaro Municipality, Kvemo Kartli, Georgia | Georgian–Ottoman wars |  Kingdom of Kartli

Principality of Guria

Kingdom of Imereti

|  Ottoman Empire | Defeat[z]
1609  | Battle of Tashiskari | Khashuri Municipality, Shida Kartli, Georgia | Georgian–Ottoman wars |  Kingdom of Kartli |  Ottoman Empire

Crimean Khanate

| Victory
1615  | Battle of Tsitsamuri | Mtskheta Municipality, Mtskheta-Mtianeti, Georgia | Abbas I's Kakhetian and Kartlian campaigns |  Kingdom of Kakheti |  Safavid Empire | Victory
1623  | Battle of Gochouri[81] | Kutaisi Municipality, Imereti, Georgia | War of the Kingdom of Imereti (1623-1658) [fr] |  Principality of Mingrelia |  Kingdom of Imereti | Mingrelian victory
1625  | Battle of Aghaiani | Kaspi Municipality, Shida Kartli, Georgia | Kartli-Kakhetian Uprising (1625) |  Kingdom of Kartli |  Safavid Empire | Defeat
1625  | Battle of Martqopi | Gardabani Municipality, Kvemo Kartli, Georgia | Kartli-Kakhetian Uprising (1625) |  Kingdom of Kartli |  Safavid Empire | Victory
1625  | Battle of Marabda | Tetritsqaro Municipality, Kvemo Kartli, Georgia | Kartli-Kakhetian Uprising (1625) |  Kingdom of Kartli |  Safavid Empire | Defeat
1625  | Battle of Ksani [ka] | Ksani Valley, Mtskheta-Mtianeti, Georgia | Kartli-Kakhetian Uprising (1625) |  Kingdom of Kartli

Kingdom of Kakheti

|  Safavid Empire | Victory
1626  | Battle of Bazaleti | Bazaleti Lake, Dusheti Municipality, Mtskheta-Mtianeti, Georgia | Civil War  |  Teimuraz I of Kakheti | Giorgi Saakadze | Victory of Teimuraz
1634  | Battle of Kaka Bridge[82] | Baghdati Municipality, Imereti, Georgia | War of the Kingdom of Imereti (1623-1658) [fr] |  Principality of Mingrelia |  Kingdom of Imereti | Victory of Mingrelia
1658  | Battle of Bandza [ka][83] | Martvili Municipality, Mingrelia, Georgia | War of the Kingdom of Imereti (1623-1658) [fr] |  Kingdom of Imereti

Vameq III Dadiani

|  Liparit III Dadiani

Principality of Guria
Childir Eyalet

| Victory of Imereti[aa]
1659  | Battle of Bakhtrioni | Akhmeta Municipality, Kakheti, Georgia | Georgian–Safavid wars |  Kingdom of Kakheti |  Safavid Empire | Victory[ab]
1684  | Battle of Rokiti [ka][84] | Baghdati Municipality, Imereti, Georgia | Civil war  |  Kingdom of Imereti
Paata Abashidze |  Principality of Guria

Duchy of Racha

| Imeretian victory
1716  | Battle of Simoneti [ka] | Terjola Municipality, Imereti, Georgia | Civil war  |  Kingdom of Imereti |  Principality of Mingrelia

Zurab Abashidze Childir Eyalet

| Victory of Mingrelia and Abashidze[ac]
1723  | Battle of Zedavela[85] | Gori Municipality, Shida Kartli, Georgia | Georgian–Safavid wars |  Kingdom of Kartli |  Kingdom of Kakheti

Erivan Khanate
Ganja Khanate
Safavid Empire

| Kartlian defeat
1724  | Second Battle of Zedavela [ka] | Gori Municipality, Shida Kartli, Georgia | Georgian–Ottoman wars |  Kingdom of Kakheti |  Ottoman Empire

Jesse of Kartli

| Defeat

* Constantine II of Kakheti flees to the mountains, leaving Kakheti's throne vacant

1724  | Battle of Ateni [ka][85] | Gori Municipality, Georgia | Georgian–Ottoman wars |  Kingdom of Kakheti

Kartlian rebels

|  Ottoman Empire | Defeat
1725  | Siege of Telavi[86] | Telavi, Kakheti, Georgia | Georgian–Lezgin wars |  Kingdom of Kakheti | Lezgins | Victory

* Lezgins fail to conquer Kakheti and Constantine II reestablishes his rule

1732  | Battle of Chikhori[87] | Terjola Municipality, Imereti, Georgia | Civil war  |  Kingdom of Imereti |  Principality of Mingrelia

Duchy of Racha

| Imeretian victory
1734  | Battle of Magharo[88] | Sighnaghi Municipality, Kakheti, Georgia | Georgian–Ottoman wars  |  Kingdom of Kakheti |  Ottoman Empire | Victory
1739  | Battle of Ananuri [ka] | Ananuri, Dusheti Municipality, Mtskheta-Mtianeti, Georgia | Civil war  | Duchy of Ksani | Duchy of Aragvi | Victory of Ksani
1739  | Battle of Karnal[89][90] | Karnal, Haryana, India | Nader Shah's invasion of India |  Afsharid Empire
Kingdom of Kakheti |  Mughal Empire
Hyderabad
Oudh | Victory
1744  | Battle of Achabeti [ka][91] | Temporary Kurta Municipality, Shida Kartli, Georgia (de facto South Ossetia)  | Kartli uprising  |  Kingdom of Kakheti

* Teimuraz II
* Heraclius II

Afsharid Empire

| Givi Amilakhvari

Ottoman Empire

* Childir Eyalet

Lezgins

| Victory of Heraclius and Teimuraz
1750  | Battle of Danghis [ka][92] | Dagestan, Russian Federation | Georgian–Lezgin wars |  Kingdom of Kartli
Kingdom of Kakheti | Gazikumukh Khanate

Lezgins

| Victory
1751  | Battle of Agri-Chai [ka][93] | Azerbaijan | Georgian–Lezgin wars |  Kingdom of Kartli
Kingdom of Kakheti | Jar-Balakan
Elisu Sultanate
Shaki Khanate | Defeat
1751  | Battle of Kirkhbulakh | Near Yerevan, Armenia | Azad Khan's invasion of Erivan Khanate |  Kingdom of Kartli
Kingdom of Kakheti
Erivan Khanate | Azad Khan Afghan | Victory[ad]
1752  | Battle of Ganja [ka] | Ganja, Azerbaijan | Georgian–Lezgin wars |  Kingdom of Kartli
Kingdom of Kakheti | Shaki Khanate | Defeat
1752  | Battle of Tulkitepe [ka][95][93] | On the border of Qazax and Shamshadin Districts, Azerbaijan and Armenia | Georgian–Lezgin wars |  Kingdom of Kartli
Kingdom of Kakheti | Shaki Khanate | Victory[ae]
1754  | Battle of Mchadijvari [ka][93] | Dusheti Municipality, Mtskheta-Mtianeti, Georgia | Georgian–Lezgin wars |  Kingdom of Kartli
Kingdom of Kakheti |  Avar Khanate
Shaki Khanate | Victory
1755  | Battle of Kvareli | Kvareli, Kakheti, Georgia | Georgian–Lezgin wars |  Kingdom of Kartli
Kingdom of Kakheti |  Avar Khanate

Gazikumukh Khanate
Shaki Khanate[96]

| Victory
1756  | Battle of Skra [ka] | Kvemo Kartli, Georgia | Georgian–Lezgin wars |  Kingdom of Kartli
Kingdom of Kakheti |  Avar Khanate

Lezgin mercenaries

| Victory
1757  | Battle of Khresili[97] | Tkibuli Municipality, Imereti, Georgia | Georgian–Ottoman wars |  Kingdom of Imereti
Principality of Mingrelia
Principality of Guria
Principality of Abkhazia (Samurzakano)  |  Ottoman Empire | Victory
1769  | Siege of Shorapani [tr] | Shorapani, Zestaponi Municipality, Imereti, Georgia | Russo-Turkish War (1768–1774) |  Kingdom of Imereti

Russian Empire

|  Ottoman Empire | Defeat
1770  | Siege of Atskuri [tr] | Atskuri Fortress, Samtskhe-Javakheti, Georgia | Russo-Turkish War (1768–1774) |  Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti

Russian Empire

|  Ottoman Empire | Defeat
1770  | Battle of Aspindza | Aspindza, Samtskhe-Javakheti, Georgia | Russo-Turkish War (1768–1774)

Georgian–Lezgin wars

|  Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti |  Ottoman Empire

Lezgin mercenaries

| Victory
1770  | Second Siege of Shorapani[98] | Aspindza, Samtskhe-Javakheti, Georgia | Russo-Turkish War (1768–1774) |  Kingdom of Imereti

Russian Empire

|  Ottoman Empire | Victory
1770  | Siege of Kutaisi[98] | Fortress of Kutaisi, Imereti, Georgia | Russo-Turkish War (1768–1774) |  Kingdom of Imereti

Russian Empire

|  Ottoman Empire | Victory
1770-1771  | Siege of Poti [ka][99] | Poti, Mingrelia, Georgia | Russo-Turkish War (1768–1774) |  Russian Empire

Principality of Mingrelia

|  Ottoman Empire | Defeat[100]

* General Tottleben lifts the siege

1774  | Battle of Chkheri | Kharagauli Municipality, Imereti, Georgia | Russo-Turkish War (1768–1774) |  Kingdom of Imereti
Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti |  Ottoman Empire | Victory
1778/79  | Battle of Ghartiskari | Mtskheta Municipality, Mtskheta-Mtianeti, Georgia | Georgian–Lezgin wars |  Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti | Lezgin marauders  | Victory
1779  | Battle of Rukh | Zugdidi Municipality, Mingrelia, Georgia | Georgian–Ottoman wars |  Kingdom of Imereti
Principality of Guria
Principality of Mingrelia |  Ottoman Empire

* Principality of Abkhazia
* Crimean Khanate
* Alans
* Circassians
* Kabardians

| Victory
1784  | Battle of Nachiskrevi [ka] | Tsikhisdziri, Adjara, Georgia | Georgian–Ottoman wars |  Kingdom of Imereti

Principality of Guria

|  Ottoman Empire

* Pasha of Poti

| Defeat[af]
1785  | Battle of Mokhisi [ka] | Kareli Municipality, Shida Kartli, Georgia | Georgian–Ottoman wars
Georgian–Lezgin wars |  Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti

Russian Empire

| Childir Eyalet

Lezgin marauders

| Victory
1789  | Battle of Matkhoji [ka][101] | Khoni Municipality, Imereti, Georgia | War of Imeretian succession  |  David II of Imereti |  Solomon II of Imereti

Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti
Principality of Mingrelia

| Solomon II ascends to the Imeretian throne
1790  | Battle of Zovreti [ka] | Near Zovreti, Zestaponi Municipality, Imereti, Georgia | War of Imeretian succession  |  David II of Imereti

Ottoman Empire

* Childir Eyalet

Lezgins

|  Solomon II of Imereti | David II ascends to the Imeretian throne
1790  | Battle of Lomsiantkhevi[citation needed] | Imereti, Georgia | War of Imeretian succession  |  David II of Imereti |  Solomon II of Imereti

Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti
Principality of Mingrelia

| Solomon II returns to the Imeretian throne
1795  | Battle of Krtsanisi | Tbilisi, Georgia | Qajar invasion of Kartli-Kakheti  |  Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti
Kingdom of Imereti |  Qajar Iran

* Ganja Khanate
* Erivan Khanate
* Armenians

| Defeat
1800  | Battle of Niakhura | On the shores of Iori River, Kakheti, Georgia,  | Georgian–Lezgin wars |  Russian Empire

Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti

|  Avar Khanate

Prince Alexander of Georgia

| Victory

## Russian Empire

[edit]

Date  | Battle  | Modern Location  | Conflict  | Combatant 1  | Combatant 2  | Result

|
|
|
|
|
|

1804  | Battle of Lomisi[102] | Dusheti Municipality, Mtskheta-Mtianeti, Georgia,  | 1804 Mtiuleti rebellion | Khevsur rebels  |  Russian Empire | Inconclusive[ag]
1807  | Charge of Akhalkalaki [ru] | Akhalkalaki, Samtskhe-Javakheti, Georgia | Russo-Turkish War (1806–1812) |  Russian Empire |  Ottoman Empire | Defeat[ah]
1809  | Battle of Maltakva | Maltakva River, Mingrelia, Georgia | Russo-Turkish War (1806–1812) |  Russian Empire
Principality of Guria
Principality of Mingrelia
Principality of Abkhazia |  Ottoman Empire | Victory
1810  | Siege of Sukhum [ru] | Sukhumi, Abkhazia, Georgia | Russo-Turkish War (1806–1812) |  Russian Empire |  Ottoman Empire

Principality of Abkhazia

| Russian victory[ai]
1812  | Battle of Chumlaki [ka][103] | Gurjaani Municipality, Kakheti, Georgia | Kakheti uprising  | Prince Grigol of Georgia |  Russian Empire | Defeat
1812  | Battle of Shilda[104] | Qvareli Municipality, Kakheti, Georgia | Kakheti uprising  | Prince Alexander of Georgia

Lezgin mercenaries

|  Russian Empire | Defeat[aj]
1828-1829  | Battle of Akhaltsikhe | Akhaltsikhe, Samtskhe-Javakheti, Georgia | Russo-Turkish War (1828–1829) |  Russian Empire |  Ottoman Empire | Victory
1829  | Battle of Limani | Near Shekvetili, Ozurgeti Municipality, Guria, Georgia | Russo-Turkish War (1828–1829) |  Russian Empire |  Ottoman Empire | Victory
1841  | Battle of Gogoreti [ka] | Ozurgeti Municipality, Guria, Georgia | Rebellion in Guria (1841) |  Russian Empire | Gurian rebels  | Victory
1841  | Battle of Ozurgeti | Ozurgeti Municipality, Guria, Georgia | Rebellion in Guria (1841) |  Russian Empire | Gurian rebels  | Defeat[105]
1853  | Battle of Shekvetili | Shekvetili, Ozurgeti Municipality, Guria, Georgia | Crimean War |  Russian Empire

* Kutaisi Governorate

|  Ottoman Empire | Defeat
1853  | Battle of Akhaltsikhe | Akhaltsikhe, Samtskhe-Javakheti, Georgia | Crimean War |  Russian Empire

* Kutaisi Governorate

|  Ottoman Empire | Victory
1854  | Battle of Nigoiti | Lanchkhuti Municipality, Guria, Georgia | Crimean War |  Russian Empire

* Kutaisi Governorate

|  Ottoman Empire | Victory
1854  | Battle of Choloki | Kakuti, Ozurgeti Municipality, Guria, Georgia | Crimean War |  Russian Empire

* Kutaisi Governorate

|  Ottoman Empire | Victory
1855  | Battle of Enguri [ka] | On the shores of Enguri River, border between Mingrelia and Abkhazia, Georgia | Crimean War |  Russian Empire

* Kutaisi Governorate

|  Ottoman Empire | Defeat
1877-1878  | Batumi operation [ru] | Adjara, Georgia | Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878) |  Russian Empire |  Ottoman Empire | Victory
1905  | Battle of Nasakirali | Nasakirali, Ozurgeti Municipality, Guria, Georgia | Russian Revolution of 1905 | Gurian Republic |  Russian Empire

* Cossacks

| Victory

## Georgian Democratic Republic (1918–1921)

[edit]

Date  | Battle  | Modern Location  | Conflict  | Combatant 1  | Combatant 2  | Result

|
|
|
|
|
|

1918  | Battle of Batum[106]

* Battle of Anaria Fort [ka]

| Adjara, Georgia | Caucasus campaign |  Transcaucasian Commissariat |  Ottoman Empire | Defeat
1918  | Battle of Choloki | Choloki River, Adjara, Georgia | Caucasus campaign |  Transcaucasian Commissariat |  Ottoman Empire | Victory
1918  | First Battle of Sochi[107] | Sochi, Russian Federation | Sochi conflict |  Democratic Republic of Georgia

* Abkhaz People's Council

|  Russian Soviet Republic | Victory

* Georgians capture Sochi

1918  | Battle of Tuapse[108] | Tuapsinsky District, Russian Federation | Sochi conflict |  Democratic Republic of Georgia
Kuban Cossacks[109] |  Russian Soviet Republic

* North Caucasian Soviet Republic

| Victory

* Georgians capture Tuapse

1918  | Battle of Mokvi [ka] | Ochamchire Municipality, Abkhazia, Georgia | Abkhazia conflict (1918) |  Democratic Republic of Georgia |  Ottoman Empire

* Abkhaz Muhacir landing force

| Victory
1918  | Taman Army March[110] | Krasnodar Krai and Adygea, Russian Federation | Sochi conflict

Russian Civil War

|  Russian Soviet Republic

* Taman Army

|  White movement
Kuban People's Republic
Democratic Republic of Georgia

* * *

German Empire

| Defeat

* Georgians withdraw from Tuapse

1919  | Second Battle of Sochi[111] | Sochi, Russian Federation and Gagra Municipality, Abkhazia, Georgia | Sochi conflict |  Democratic Republic of Georgia |  White movement | Defeat

* White forces capture Sochinsky okrug

1919  | Battle of Gagra | Gagra Municipality, Abkhazia, Georgia | Sochi conflict |  Democratic Republic of Georgia

Military support:
Green armies

|  White movement | Victory

* Georgians recapture Gagra

1920  | Battle of Poilo Bridge[112] | Poilo Bridge, border with Azerbaijan, Georgia | Border clashes between Georgia and Soviet Azerbaijan during the 1920 Georgian coup attempt |  Democratic Republic of Georgia |  Russian SFSR
Azerbaijan SSR | Victory

* Soviet offensive halted

1921  | Battle of Tbilisi [ka] | Tbilisi, Georgia | Red Army invasion of Georgia |  Democratic Republic of Georgia |  Russian SFSR | Defeat
1921  | Battle of Osiauri [ka] | Khashuri Municipality, Shida Kartli, Georgia | Red Army invasion of Georgia |  Democratic Republic of Georgia |  Russian SFSR

Georgian SSR

| Defeat
1921  | Battle of Surami [ka] | Khashuri Municipality, Shida Kartli, Georgia | Red Army invasion of Georgia |  Democratic Republic of Georgia |  Russian SFSR

Georgian SSR

| Defeat
1921  | Battle of Batumi | Adjara, Georgia | Red Army invasion of Georgia |  Democratic Republic of Georgia

Supported by:
Georgian SSR

|  Turkish Provisional Government | Victory

## Soviet Union (1922–1991)

[edit]

Date  | Battle  | Modern Location  | Conflict  | Combatant 1  | Combatant 2  | Result

|
|
|
|
|
|

1941-1944  | Siege of Leningrad | Saint Petersburg, Russia | Eastern Front of World War II |  Germany
Finland
Naval support:
Italy |  Soviet Union

* 224th Georgian Division

| Victory
1941-1942  | Battle of the Kerch Peninsula | Crimea, Ukraine | Eastern Front of World War II

* Crimean campaign

|  Germany
Romania |  Soviet Union

* 224th Georgian Division[113]
* 414th Georgian Division

| Defeat
1942-1943  | Battle of the Caucasus[113] | Northern Caucasus | Eastern Front of World War II

* Case Blue

|  Germany
Romania
Slovakia |  Soviet Union

* 276th Georgian Division
* 242nd Georgian Division
* 392nd Georgian Division
* 394th Georgian Division
* 406th Georgia Division
* 414th Georgian Division

| Victory
1943  | Battle of the Dnieper | Dnieper River, Ukraine and Russia | Eastern Front of World War II |  Germany
Romania |  Soviet Union

* 394th Georgian Division

| Victory
1943  | Kerch–Eltigen operation | Crimea, Ukraine | Eastern Front of World War II |  Germany
Romania |  Soviet Union

* 414th Georgian Division

| Inconclusive
1944  | Nikopol–Krivoi Rog offensive | Nikopol and Krivoi Rog area, Dnipropetrovsk Oblast, Ukraine | Eastern Front of World War II

* Dnieper–Carpathian offensive

|  Germany |  Soviet Union

* 394th Georgian Division

| Victory
1944  | Battle of Crimea | Crimea, Ukraine | Eastern Front of World War II |  Germany
Romania |  Soviet Union

* 414th Georgian Division

| Victory
1944  | First Jassy–Kishinev offensive | Eastern Romania | Eastern Front of World War II |  Romania
Germany |  Soviet Union

* 394th Georgian Division

| Defeat
1944  | Battle of Vyborg Bay | Vyborg Bay | Continuation War |  Finland
Germany |  Soviet Union

* 224th Georgian Division

| Inconclusive
1944  | Second Jassy–Kishinev offensive | Eastern and Southern Romania | Eastern Front of World War II |  Romania (until 24 August 1944)
Germany |  Soviet Union

* 394th Georgian Division

Romania (since 24 August 1944)
Democratic Federal Yugoslavia
Air support:
United States

| Victory

## Republic of Georgia (1991–)

[edit]

Date  | Battle  | Modern Location  | Conflict  | Combatant 1  | Combatant 2  | Result

|
|
|
|
|
|

1992  | Battle of Sokhumi | Sukhumi, Abkhazia, Georgia | War in Abkhazia (1992-1993) |  Georgia |  Abkhazia | Victory
1992  | Landing at Gagra | Gagra Municipality, Abkhazia, Georgia | War in Abkhazia (1992-1993) |  Georgia |  Abkhazia | Victory
1992-1993  | Siege of Tkvarcheli | Tkvarcheli, Abkhazia, Georgia | War in Abkhazia (1992-1993) |  Georgia |  Abkhazia
Confederation of Mountain Peoples of the Caucasus
Russia | Defeat
1992  | Battle of Gagra | Gagra Municipality, Abkhazia, Georgia | War in Abkhazia (1992-1993) |  Georgia |  Abkhazia
Confederation of Mountain Peoples of the Caucasus
Russia | Defeat

* Abkhaz separatists capture Gagra District

1993  | Battle of Gumista | Gumista River, Abkhazia, Georgia | War in Abkhazia (1992-1993) |  Georgia |  Abkhazia
Confederation of Mountain Peoples of the Caucasus
Russia | Victory

* Abkhaz separatists fail to capture Sokhumi

1993  | July Offensive | Sukhumi and Ochamchire Municipality, Abkhazia, Georgia | War in Abkhazia (1992-1993) |  Georgia |  Abkhazia
Confederation of Mountain Peoples of the Caucasus
Russia | Inconclusive
1993  | Battle of Kamani | Sukhumi Municipality, Abkhazia, Georgia | War in Abkhazia (1992-1993) |  Georgia |  Abkhazia
Confederation of Mountain Peoples of the Caucasus | Defeat
1993  | Battle of Tamishi [ka][114] | Sukhumi Municipality, Abkhazia, Georgia | War in Abkhazia (1992-1993) |  Georgia |  Abkhazia
Confederation of Mountain Peoples of the Caucasus
Russia | Victory
1993  | Fall of Sokhumi [ka] | Sokhumi, Abkhazia, Georgia | War in Abkhazia (1992-1993) |  Georgia |  Abkhazia
Confederation of Mountain Peoples of the Caucasus | Defeat
1993  | Battle of Poti | Poti, Mingrelia, Georgia | Georgian Civil War |  Eduard Shevardnadze government
Russia |  Zviadists | Victory of the Shevardnadze government and Russia
1993  | Battle of Samtredia | Samtredia, Imereti, Georgia | Georgian Civil War |  Eduard Shevardnadze government
Russia |  Zviadists | Victory of the Shevardnadze government and Russia
2006–2014  | Battle of Nawzad | Nawzad, Helmand province, Afghanistan | War in Afghanistan (2001–2021) |  International Security Assistance Force

* United States
* United Kingdom
* Estonia
* Georgia

|  Taliban | Indecisive
2008  | Operation Phantom Phoenix | North-central Iraq | Iraq War |  United States
Iraq
Georgia
United Kingdom |  Islamic state of Iraq
Other Iraqi Insurgents | Partial victory
2008  | Battle of Tskhinvali | Tskhinvali, Shida Kartli, Georgia (de facto South Ossetia)  | Russo-Georgian War |  Georgia |  South Ossetia
Russia | Defeat
2008  | Battle in the Liakhvi Gorge | Georgia (de facto South Ossetia)  | Russo-Georgian War |  Georgia |  South Ossetia
Russia | Defeat
2008  | Battle of the Kodori Valley | Upper Abkhazia, Georgia | Russo-Georgian War |  Georgia |  Abkhazia
Russia | Defeat
2008  | Bombing of Tbilisi | Tbilisi, Georgia | Russo-Georgian War |  Georgia |  Russia | Defeat
2008  | Battle off the coast of Abkhazia | Black Sea off Abkhazia, in the vicinity of Ochamchire, Georgia | Russo-Georgian War |  Georgia |  Russia | Defeat
2008  | Occupation of Poti | Poti, Mingrelia, Georgia | Russo-Georgian War |  Georgia |  Russia | Defeat
2008  | Occupation of Gori | Gori, Shida Kartli, Georgia | Russo-Georgian War |  Georgia |  Russia | Defeat
2010–2011  | Battle of Sangin | Sangin District, Helmand Province, Afghanistan | War in Afghanistan (2001–2021) | ISAF /  NATO

* United States
* Islamic Republic of Afghanistan
* Georgia

|  Taliban | Victory

## Notes

[edit]

1. ^ Archaepolis
2. ^ Principality of Iberia gains land from Klarjeti to Ksani
3. ^ Tbilisi is burnt down and its emir Sahak is executed, while Kouropalates of Tao-Klarjeti Bagrat I briefly gains Kartli.[18]
4. ^ Nasra is put to death at Aspindza and Adarnase crowns himself as the King of the Iberians
5. ^ Despite victory, Constantine III of Abkhazia soon reclaims Shida Kartli
6. ^ Seljuks take the fortress with heavy casualties, but halt their further advance into western Georgia due to a harsh winter
7. ^ Or 1075[37]
8. ^ Kingdom of Kakheti-Hereti conclusively annexed to the Kingdom of Georgia in 1105
9. ^ Ganja is returned to Seljuks after brief Georgian possession from 1139 to 1143.
10. ^ Giorgi III demanded tax arrears from the Emir of Ganja but was defeated.
11. ^ Ahlatshahs and Beylik of Dilmaç become vassal of the Kingdom of Georgia
12. ^ Last battle between Eldiguzids and Kingdom of Georgia
13. ^ Last siege of Alinja
14. ^ Jahan Shah quietly left the battlefield at night and escaped to Tabriz
15. ^ Last battle with Turkomans
16. ^ Qvarqvare is reinstalled as the prince of Samtskhe-Saatabago
17. ^ Kingdom of Kartli recognizes the ascension of Gurian-supported Levan of Kakheti to the throne.
18. ^ Principality of Samtskhe is annexed by Imereti
19. ^ Death of both Shahverdi Sultan and Luarsab I of Kartli
20. ^ Simon I of Kartli defeats Safavids in a battle, but is captured and imprisoned, while Daud Khan assumes nominal control of Kartli
21. ^ Giorgi II of Guria overthrows Mingrelian prince George III Dadiani and installs Mamia IV Dadiani instead
22. ^ Georgian-Kizilbash army fails to recapture Tbilisi[79]
23. ^ Army of the Ottoman Empire fails to capture Kartli
24. ^ Simon I of Kartli recognizes Rostom as the King of Imereti
25. ^ King Simon I of Kartli liberates city Gori from the Ottoman Empire
26. ^ Simon who was taken captive, was brought to Istanbul and imprisoned in Yedikule.
27. ^ Vameq is confirmed as Prince of Mingrelia and Imereti restores hegemony over western Georgia.
28. ^ 80,000 Turkoman and Persian killed by Georgians
29. ^ George IV of Guria is crowned as King of Imereti, but George VII of Imereti soon regains power
30. ^ Erivan Khanate becomes vassal of the Kingdom of Kartli and Kakheti[94]
31. ^ Erivan Khanate and Ganja Khanate again become vassals of the Kingdom of Kartli and Kakheti[95]
32. ^ Lower Guria remains under Ottoman control
33. ^ Khevsurs encircle Russians, but Russians manage to escape
34. ^ Russian general Ivan Gudovich fails to capture Akhalkalaki and retreats while having lost a third of his forces.
35. ^ Abkhazia joins Russian Empire as an autonomous principality
36. ^ Prince Alexander is defeated after initial victory

## See also

[edit]

* List of wars involving Georgia (country)

* v
* t
* e

Georgia articles

History|

| Early|

* Prehistoric Georgia
* Shulaveri–Shomu culture
* Kura–Araxes culture
* Trialeti–Vanadzor culture
* Colchian culture
* Mushki
* Diauehi
* Colchis
* Kingdom of Iberia
* Lazica
* Roman era
* Sasanian Iberia
* Christianization of Iberia

|

Middle|

* Principality of Iberia
* Bagrationi dynasty
* Arab rule
* Emirate of Tbilisi
* Kingdom of Abkhazia
* Kingdom of the Iberians
* Unification of the Georgian realm
* Kingdom of Hereti
* Kingdom of Kakheti-Hereti
* Kingdom of Georgia
* Byzantine wars
* Seljuk wars
* Battle of Didgori
* Golden Age
* Mongol invasions
* Timur's invasions
* Samtskhe-Saatabago
* Turkmen incursions
* Collapse of the Georgian realm
* Kingdom of Imereti
* Principality of Abkhazia
* Principality of Svaneti
* Principality of Guria
* Principality of Mingrelia
* Kingdom of Kartli
* Kingdom of Kakheti
* Safavid Georgia
* Shah Abbas I's invasions
* Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti
* 1795 Persian Invasion
* Absorption by the Russian Empire

Modern|

* Democratic Republic of Georgia
* Armenian War
* Red Army invasion
* Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic
* April 9 tragedy
* Independent Georgia
* Civil War
* War in Abkhazia
* Rose Revolution
* Russo-Georgian War

By topic|

* Names of Georgia
* Monarchs
* States
* Military history
* Wars
* Battles
* Timeline of Georgian history
* more

Geography|

* Borders
* Birds
* Black Sea
* Climate
* Earthquakes
* Environmental issues
* Glaciers
* Greater Caucasus
* Lakes
* Lesser Caucasus
* Mammals
* National parks
* Protected areas
* Rivers
* Volcanoes
* more

Subdivisions|

* Administrative divisions
* Cities and towns
* Tbilisi
* Regions
* more

Russian-occupied territories|

* Abkhazia
* South Ossetia

Politics|

* Constitution
* Elections
* Foreign relations
* Government
* Human rights
* LGBT
* Law enforcement
* Military
* Parliament
* Political parties
* President
* Prime Minister

Economy|

* Agriculture
* Central bank
* Companies
* Energy
* Lari (currency)
* Mining
* Stock Exchange
* Telecommunications
* Tourism
* Transport
* more

Culture|

* Alphabet
* Architecture
* Art
* Chokha
* Cinema
* Cuisine
* Wine
* Dance
* Gambling
* Languages
* Georgian
* Laz
* Mingrelian
* Svan
* Media
* Music
* Mythology
* Names
* Public holidays
* Religion
* Sports
* World Heritage Sites
* more

Demographics|

* Education
* Ethnic minorities
* Georgians
* List
* Diaspora
* Health care
* Women
* more

Symbols|

* Anthem
* Bolnisi cross
* Borjgali
* Coat of arms
* Flag
* Motto
* Saint George
* cross
* Saint Nino
* cross

* Outline
* Index

* Category
* Portal

## References

[edit]

1. ^ a b c d Rayfield 2012, p. 20-21.
2. ^ Appian, p. 103.
3. ^ Edwell, Peter (2021). Rome and Persia at War: Imperial Competition and Contact, 193–363 CE. Routledge. p. 36.
4. ^ Rayfield 2012, p. 47.
5. ^ Asatiani & Janelidze 2009, p. 46.
6. ^ Petersen 2013, p. 271.
7. ^ David Braund (1994). Georgia in Antiquity: A History of Colchis and Transcaucasian Iberia, 550 BC-AD 562. Clarendon Press. pp. 299–300\. ISBN 9780198144731.
8. ^ a b Asatiani & Janelidze 2009, p. 47.
9. ^ "Battle of Tsakhar 556". Georgian Soviet Encyclopedia (PDF) (in Georgian). Vol. 11\. Tbilisi: Metsniereba. 1987. p. 265.
10. ^ Kaegi 2003, p. 143.
11. ^ Khalid Yahya Blankinship (1994). The End of the Jihâd State: The Reign of Hishām Ibn ʿAbd al-Malik and the Collapse of the Umayyads. State University of New York Press. p. 172\. ISBN 9780791496831.
12. ^ Suny, Ronald Grigor (1994), The Making of the Georgian Nation: 2nd edition, p. 28. Indiana University Press, ISBN 0253209153
13. ^ a b Mikaberidze 2015, p. 424.
14. ^ Thomson 1996, p. 259.
15. ^ Fähnrich 2010, p. 159.
16. ^ a b Thomson 1996, p. 260.
17. ^ Thomson 1996, pp. 260–261.
18. ^ Rayfield 2012, p. 66.
19. ^ a b Thomson 1996, p. 261.
20. ^ Tavadze, Leri (2012). კურაპალატის ტიტული ტაო-კლარჯერთის ბაგრატიონთა სამეფო სახლში (ქართველთა სამეფოს პოლიტიკური ვითარება IX-X საუკუნეში) [Title of Kouropalates in the house of Bagrationis of Tao-Klarjeti (political circumstances of Kingdom of Georgians in the IX-X centuries)] (in Georgian). Tbilisi. p. 81.`{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
21. ^ Asatiani & Janelidze 2009, p. 66-67.
22. ^ Asatiani & Janelidze 2009, p. 66.
23. ^ "Gurgen I". National Parliamentary Library of Georgia (in Georgian). Retrieved 2024-02-07.
24. ^ Papaskiri, Zurab (2011). "The Byzantine Commonwealth and the International Status of the Georgian Political Units in the First Half of the 10th Century". The Caucasus & Globalization. 5 (3–4): 131.3–4&rft.pages=131&rft.date=2011&rft.aulast=Papaskiri&rft.aufirst=Zurab&rft_id=https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/the-byzantine-commonwealth-and-the-international-status-of-the-georgian-political-units-in-the-first-half-of-the-10th-century&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:List+of+battles+involving+Georgia+(country)" class="Z3988">
25. ^ Thomson 1996, p. 272.
26. ^ Rayfield 2012, pp. 69–70.
27. ^ Mikaberidze 2015, p. 162.
28. ^ Frye 1975, pp. 237, 732.
29. ^ Rayfield 2012, p. 74.
30. ^ Frye 1975, p. 241.
31. ^ a b Narimanishvili & Shanshashvili 2018, p. 309.
32. ^ Minorsky 1953, p. 43.
33. ^ Allen 2023, p. 89.
34. ^ Narimanishvili & Shanshashvili 2018, p. 310.
35. ^ Fähnrich 2010, p. 192.
36. ^ Fähnrich 2010, p. 193.
37. ^ a b Rayfield 2012, p. 82.
38. ^ Thomson 1996, p. 310.
39. ^ Rayfield 2012, pp. 83–84.
40. ^ Fähnrich 2010, p. 197.
41. ^ Rayfield 2012, p. 100.
42. ^ Rayfield 2012, p. 102.
43. ^ Peacock 2006, p. 130.
44. ^ Fähnrich 2010, p. 206.
45. ^ Minorsky 1953, p. 93.
46. ^ Minorsky 1953, p. 96.
47. ^ Fähnrich 2010, p. 207.
48. ^ Bogveradze, A. (1984). "Niali Battle 1191". Georgian Soviet Encyclopedia (PDF) (in Georgian). Vol. 7\. Tbilisi: Metsniereba. p. 406.
49. ^ Fähnrich 2010, p. 28.
50. ^ Pancaroğlu, Oya (2021). "Looking for Urban Agency in a City of Memorials: Tomb Towers of Late Thirteenth-Century Ahlat" (PDF). Medieval Worlds. 14: 121. doi:10.1553/medievalworlds_no14_2021s117.
51. ^ Mariam Lortkipanidze (2006). Georgia in the XI-XII Centuries. Ganatleba Publishers. p. 154.
52. ^ Kalistrat Salia (1983). History of the Georgian Nation. Paris. p. 181.`{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
53. ^ (Silogava & Shengelia 2007, p. 68): "In 1210, large forces were concentrated at Tiflis and then moved down to Nakhchevan under the orders of the Mkhargrdzelis. The Georgians crossed the Araks at Julfa and moving down the valley of Daraduz, they took Marand by surprise. A large, but ill-organized Persian force was routed by a picked cavalry corps of five hundred nobles under Thaqiadin Tmogveli; and, without further resistance the terrorized inhabitants of Tabriz and Miana hastened to purchase the immunity of their cities at the cost of heavy contributions."
54. ^ Fähnrich 2010, p. 213: "Georgier in den Jahren 1209-1210 nach Persien vor. Sie siegten bei Marand und zogen weiter nach Täbris und Miane, wo ihnen die Städte kampflos."
55. ^ a b (Silogava & Shengelia 2007, p. 68)
56. ^ Fähnrich 2010, p. 234.
57. ^ Allen 2023, p. 116.
58. ^ "Battle of Kvishkheti 1260". Georgian Soviet Encyclopedia (PDF) (in Georgian). Vol. 10\. Tbilisi: Metsniereba. 1986. p. 523.
59. ^ Constantin d'Ohsson (1852). Histoire des Mongols: depuis Tchinguiz-Khan jusqu'à Timour Bey, ou Tamerlan (in French). Vol. IV. Les fères Van Cleef. p. 330.
60. ^ Rayfield 2012, p. 140.
61. ^ Brosset, Marie-Félicité (1849). Histoire de la Géorgie, depuis l'Antiquité jusqu'au XIXe siècle - 1re partie. St. Petersburg: Saint Petersburg Academy of Sciences.
62. ^ Rakhmanalieva 1992.
63. ^ Rayfield 2012, p. 149.
64. ^ Javakhishvili 1949, p. 193.
65. ^ a b c Minorsky, Vladimir, "Tiflis", in: M. Th. Houtsma, E. van Donzel (1993), E. J. Brill's First Encyclopaedia of Islam, 1913–1936, p. 757. Brill, ISBN 90-04-08265-4.
66. ^ Mirza Muhammad Haidar. The Tarikh-i-Rashidi (A History of the Moghuls of Central Asia). Traduit per Edward Denison Ross, editat per N. Elias. Londres, 1895.
67. ^ Fähnrich 2010, p. 256.
68. ^ Rayfield 2012, p. 225.
69. ^ (Silogava & Shengelia 2007, p. 272)
70. ^ a b c d Marie-Félicité Brosset; Simon Gogoberidze (1900). საქართველოს ისტორია : მეფეთა და მთავართა გენეალოგიით და ქრონოლოგიით. Vol. 2\. Harvard University. p. 3.
71. ^ Rayfield 2012, p. 219.
72. ^ Fähnrich 2010, p. 267.
73. ^ Nodar Asatiani; Otar Janelidze (2009). History of Georgia: From Ancient Times to the Present Day. Publishing House Petite. p. 127\. ISBN 9789941906367.
74. ^ a b Rayfield 2012, p. 172.
75. ^ Mikaberidze 2015, p. 259.
76. ^ Fähnrich 2010, p. 324.
77. ^ a b Rayfield 2012, p. 250.
78. ^ Rayfield 2012, p. 175.
79. ^ Rayfield 2012, p. 177.
80. ^ Kalistrat Salia (1983). History of the Georgian Nation. Paris. p. 261.`{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
81. ^ Fähnrich 2010, p. 328.
82. ^ Rayfield 2012, p. 199.
83. ^ Rayfield 2012, p. 213.
84. ^ Rayfield 2012, p. 218.
85. ^ a b Rayfield 2012, p. 226.
86. ^ Fähnrich 2010, p. 313.
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89. ^ David Marshall Lang. Russia and the Armenians of Transcaucasia, 1797–1889: a documentary record Columbia University Press, 1957 (digitalised March 2009, originally from the University of Michigan), p. 142.
90. ^ Valeri Silogava, Kakha Shengelia. "History of Georgia: From the Ancient Times Through the "Rose Revolution" Caucasus University Publishing House, 2007 ISBN 978-9994086160 pp. 158, 278.
91. ^ Mikaberidze 2015, p. 120.
92. ^ Mikaberidze 2015, p. 122.
93. ^ a b c Kakhaber Demetrashvili (2022). The Political Relationship of the Georgian Kings with the Rulers of the Shaki Khanate in the Middle of the 18th Century. Ilia State University. p. 2.
94. ^ Fähnrich 2010, p. 316.
95. ^ a b Fähnrich 2010, p. 318.
96. ^ Kakhaber Demetrashvili (2022). The Political Relationship of the Georgian Kings with the Rulers of the Shaki Khanate in the Middle of the 18th Century. Ilia State University. p. 3.
97. ^ Rayfield 2013, p. 240.
98. ^ a b Fähnrich 2010, p. 345.
99. ^ Fähnrich 2010, p. 292.
100. ^ Rayfield 2013, p. 243.
101. ^ Mikaberidze 2015, p. 586.
102. ^ Rayfield 2012, p. 263.
103. ^ Khatuna Kokrashvili (2020). Anti-Russian Demonstrations in Georgia in the First Half of the XIX Century (PDF). Rondeli Foundation. p. 6.
104. ^ Rayfield 2012, p. 273.
105. ^ Guria Uprising of 1841 // The Modern Encyclopedia of Russian and Soviet History, Volume 13. — Academic International Press, 1976. — P. 201. — ISBN 0-87569-064-5
106. ^ Gürbüz, Musa (2009). "Turkish Military Activities in the Caucasus Following the 1917 Russian Revolution: The Battle of Sardarabad and its Political Consequences". Review of Armenian Studies. 19–20: 112.
107. ^ Chachkhiani, Archil (2014). Russia-Georgia Military-Political Relations and the Military Actions in Abkhazia and Black Sea Region (1918-1920) (PDF) (in Georgian). Tbilisi: The Academy of the Georgian National Defense Academy of David the Builder. pp. 144–149.
108. ^ Political History of Russia. Vol. 5\. Nova Science Publishers. 1995. p. 89.
109. ^ Kenez, Peter (1970). "The Relations between the Volunteer Army and Georgia, 1918-1920: A Case Study in Disunity". The Slavonic and East European Review. 48 (112). Modern Humanities Research Association: 407. JSTOR 4206242.
110. ^ "Taman Army March of 1918". The Free Dictionary.
111. ^ "Exactly 95 years ago, Georgian army left Sochi". Voice of America (in Georgian). 7 February 2014. Retrieved 11 September 2023.
112. ^ USA House of Representatives Select Committee on Communist Aggression (1955). Communist Takeover and Occupation of Georgia (Report). U.S. Government Printing Office. p. 7.
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## Bibliography

[edit]

* Appian. The Mithridatic Wars.
* Bagrationi, Vakhushti (1976). Nakashidze, N.T. (ed.). История Царства Грузинского [History of the Kingdom of Georgia] (PDF) (in Russian). Tbilisi: Metsniereba. pp. 133–135.
* Bournoutian, George A. (1997). "Eastern Armenia from the Seventeenth Century to the Russian Annexation". In Hovannisian, Richard (ed.). The Armenian People From Ancient to Modern Times, Volume II: Foreign Dominion to Statehood: The Fifteenth Century to the Twentieth Century. Macmillan. pp. 81–107\. ISBN 0-333-61974-9.
* Javakhishvili, Ivane (1949). ქართველი ერის ისტორია, ტომი III [History of the Georgian nation, volume III] (in Georgian). Tbilisi: Metsniereba.
* Javakhishvili, Ivane. ქართველი ერის ისტორია, წიგნი IV [History of the Georgian nation, book IV] (PDF) (in Georgian). pp. 30–32.
* Kaegi, Walter Emil (2003). Heraclius, Emperor of Byzantium. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-81459-6.
* Petersen, Leif Inge Ree (2013). Siege Warfare and Military Organization in the Successor States (400-800 AD): Byzantium, the West and Islam. BRILL. ISBN 978-9004254466.
* Rayfield, Donald (2013). Edge of Empires: A History of Georgia. Reaktion Books. ISBN 978-1780230702.
* Minorsky, Vladimir (1953). Studies in Caucasian History. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521057356. `{{cite book}}`: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)
* Brosset, Marie-Félicité (1849). Histoire de la Géorgie depuis l'Antiquité jusqu'au XIXe siècle. Volume I [History of Georgia from Ancient Times to the 19th Century, Volume 1] (in French). Saint-Petersburg: Imperial Academy of Sciences.
* Rayfield, Donald (2012). Edge of Empires, a History of Georgia. London: Reaktion Books. ISBN 9781780230306.
* Mikaberidze, Alexander (2015). Historical Dictionary of Georgia. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. ISBN 9781442241466.
* Asatiani, Nodar; Janelidze, Otar (2009). History of Georgia: From Ancient Times to the Present Day. Publishing House Petite. ISBN 9789941906367.
* Fähnrich, Heinz (2010). Geschichte Georgiens (in German). Brill Publishers. ISBN 978-9004184503.
* Allen, William (2023). A History of the Georgian People: From the Beginning Down to the Russian Conquest in the Nineteenth Century. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 9781000855302.
* Georgian Soviet Encyclopedia
* Rakhmanalieva (1992). Тамерлан. Эпоха. Личность. Деяния. Москва: Гураш.
* Thomson, Robert W. (1996). Rewriting Caucasian History. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-826373-2.
* Silogava, Valeri; Shengelia, Kakha (2007). History of Georgia: From the Ancient Times Through the "Rose Revolution". Caucasus University Publishing House. ISBN 9789994086160.
* Narimanishvili, Goderdzi; Shanshashvili, Nino (2018). Trialeti: Cultural and Historical Heritage, Ancient Sources and Prospects of Research. Georgian National Museum. ISBN 9789941279652.
* Frye, R. N. (1975). The Cambridge History of Iran. Vol. 4\. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-20093-6.
* Baumer, Christoph (2021). History of the Caucasus. Volume one, At the crossroads of empires. London: I.B. Tauris. ISBN 978-1-78831-007-9. OCLC 1259549144.
* Peacock, Andrew (2006). "Georgia and the Anatolian Turks in the 12th and 13th centuries". Anatolian Studies. 56: 127–146\. doi:10.1017/S0066154600000806. ISSN 0066-1546. JSTOR 20065551. S2CID 155798755.

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