List of battles involving Georgia (country)

This is a list of the battles in the history of the country of Georgia.

The list gives the name, the date, the combatants, and the result of the battles following this legend:

Georgian victory
Georgian defeat
Another result
Ongoing conflict

(*e.g. a treaty or peace without a clear result,
status quo ante bellum, result of civil or internal conflict, result unknown or indecisive)

## Antiquity

[edit]

Date  | Battle  | Modern Location  | Conflict  | Combatant 1  | Combatant 2  | Result

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720 BC  | Scytho-Cimmerian invasion of Colchis | Caucasia, Georgia,

| Scythian invasions of Colchis  | Colchis | Scythians
Cimmerians | Defeat
284 BC  | Battle of Artaan  | Ardahan, Turkey,

| Alexander's invasion of Iberia  | Kingdom of Iberia,

Colchis

| Aryan Kartli
Macedonian Empire | Iberian Victory

•Death of Azo of Iberia

65 BC  | Battle of the Pelorus[1] | Aragvi River, Mtskheta-Mtianeti, Georgia | Caucasian campaign of Pompey | Kingdom of Iberia |  Roman Republic | Defeat
51 AD  | Siege of Garni | Kotayk Province, Armenia | Iberian–Armenian War | Kingdom of Iberia |  Kingdom of Armenia
Roman Empire | Victory

* Rhadamistus ascended on the Armenian throne

## Early Medieval fragmentation

[edit]

Date  | Battle  | Modern Location  | Conflict  | Combatant 1  | Combatant 2  | Result

|
|
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541  | Siege of Petra[2] | Tsikhisdziri, Adjara, Georgia | Lazic War |  Sasanian Empire
Lazica |  Byzantine Empire | Victory
549  | Siege of Petra[3] | Tsikhisdziri, Adjara, Georgia | Lazic War |  Byzantine Empire
Lazica |  Sasanian Empire | Defeat
550  | Battle of the Hippus[4] | Tskhenistsqali River, Mingrelia, Georgia | Lazic War |  Byzantine Empire
Lazica |  Sasanian Empire
Alans | Victory
551  | Siege of Petra[5] | Tsikhisdziri, Adjara, Georgia | Lazic War |  Byzantine Empire
Lazica |  Sasanian Empire | Victory
551  | Battle of Tsikhegoji [ka][5] | Nokalakevi, Mingrelia, Georgia | Lazic War |  Byzantine Empire
Lazica |  Sasanian Empire | Victory
553  | Battle of Telephis–Ollaria | Samtredia Municipality, Imereti, Georgia | Lazic War |  Byzantine Empire
Lazica |  Sasanian Empire | Defeat
555  | Siege of Phasis | Poti, Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti Georgia

| Lazic war |  Byzantine Empire
Lazica |  Sasanian Empire | Victory
556  | Battle of Tsakhar [ka][6] | Chkhalta, Kodori Valley, Abkhazia, Georgia | Misimian revolt  | Misimian rebels  |  Byzantine Empire | Defeat
627-628  | Siege of Tbilisi[7] | Tbilisi, Georgia | Byzantine–Sasanian War of 602–628 |  Sasanian Iberia
Sasanian Empire |  Byzantine Empire
Western Turkic Khaganate | Defeat

* End of Sasanian Iberia

737  | Siege of Anacopia[8] | New Athos, Abkhazia, Georgia | Umayyad invasion of Georgia[9] |  Principality of Iberia[10]
Principality of Abkhazia[10] | Umayyad Caliphate | Victory
818  | Battle of Ksani[11] | Ksani Valley, Mtskheta-Mtianeti, Georgia | War over control of Kartli  |  Principality of Iberia
Kingdom of Abkhazia | Kingdom of Kakheti-Hereti
Emirate of Tbilisi
Mtiuletians
Tsanars | Iberian-Abkhazian victory

* Principality of Iberia gains land from Klarjeti to Ksani

840-842  | Battle of Gavazi[12] | Qvareli Municipality, Kakheti, Georgia | Khalid ibn Yazid al-Shaybani's campaign in the Caucasus  | Principality of Kakheti |  Abbasid Caliphate

* Arminiya

| Victory
842  | Battle of Rekha [ka][13] | Gori Municipality, Shida Kartli, Georgia | Muhammad ibn Khalid al-Shaybani's campaign in the Caucasus  | Emirate of Tbilisi

Principality of Kakheti[13]

|  Abbasid Caliphate

* Arminiya

Kouropalatate of Tao-Klarjeti

| Victory of Kakheti
853  | Siege of Tbilisi[14] | Tbilisi, Georgia | Bugha al-Kabir's campaign in the Caucasus  | Emirate of Tbilisi |  Abbasid Caliphate

* Arminiya

Kouropalatate of Tao-Klarjeti

| Victory of Abbasids and Tao

* Tbilisi is burnt down and its emir Sahak is executed
* Kouropalates of Tao-Klarjeti Bagrat I briefly gains Kartli[15]

853  | Battle of Kvertskhobi[16] | Khashuri Municipality, Shida Kartli, Georgia | Bugha al-Kabir's campaign in the Caucasus  |  Kingdom of Abkhazia |  Abbasid Caliphate

* Arminiya

Kouropalatate of Tao-Klarjeti

| Victory of Abbasids and Tao
853  | Battle of Tskhavati[16] | Mtiuleti, Georgia | Bugha al-Kabir's campaign in the Caucasus  | Mtiuletians |  Abbasid Caliphate

* Arminiya

| Victory
888  | Battle of Aspindza[17] | On the shores of Kura River in the Aspindza Municipality, Samtskhe-Javakheti, Georgia [18] | Dynastic strife in Iberia | Adarnase IV of Iberia
Gurgen I of Tao
Bagratid Armenia | Nasra of Tao-Klarjeti
Kingdom of Abkhazia
Alania[19] | Victory of Adarnase

* Nasra is put to death at Aspindza
* Adarnase crowns himself as the King of the Iberians

891  | Battle of Mglinavi[20] | Near Çayağzı, Hanak District, Artvin Province, Turkey | Dynastic strife in Iberia | Adarnase IV of Iberia
Bagrat I of Klarjeti | Gurgen I of Tao | Victory of Adarnase
892  | Capture of Dvin  | Dvin, Ararat Province, Armenia | Campaign against Sajids  |  Bagratid Armenia

Kingdom of the Iberians

| Sajid dynasty | Victory
904  | Siege of Uplistsikhe[21] | Uplistsikhe, Gori Municipality, Shida Kartli | War over control of Shida Kartli  |  Bagratid Armenia

Kingdom of the Iberians

|  Kingdom of Abkhazia | Armenian-Iberian victory, but Constantine III of Abkhazia soon reclaims Shida Kartli
914  | Siege of Queli | Ardahan Province, Turkey | Sajid invasion of Georgia |  Kingdom of the Iberians | Sajid dynasty | Defeat
970  | Siege of Dzama[22] | Fortress of Dzama, Kareli Municipality, Shida Kartli | Abkhazian civil war  |  Theodosius III of Abkhazia

Duchy of Dzama

|  Demetrius III of Abkhazia | Indecisive
979  | Battle of Pankaleia | Afyonkarahisar Province, Turkey | Rebellion of Bardas Skleros |  Byzantine Empire
Kingdom of the Iberians | Bardas Skleros | Victory
980  | Battle of Moghrisi[23] | Temporary Tighvi Municipality, Shida Kartli, Georgia (de facto South Ossetia)  | Unification of the Georgian realm |  Bagrat III of Georgia | Kavtar Tbeli | Victory

* Bagrat III establishes his sovereignty over Kartli

990  | Battle of Valashkert[24] | Turkey | David III's campaigns against the Muslims |  Kingdom of the Iberians

Principality of Tao

| Rawadid dynasty | Victory
992-994  | Capture of Malazgird[25] | Malazgirt, Muş Province, Turkey | David III's campaigns against the Muslims | Principality of Tao | Marwanids | Victory

* David III captures Malazgird and expels Muslims

998  | Battle of Tsumb[26] | Near Lake Van, Turkey | Mamlan I's campaign against David III  |  Kingdom of the Iberians

Principality of Tao Bagratid Armenia

| Rawadid dynasty | Victory

## Kingdom of Georgia (1008–1490)

[edit]

Date  | Battle  | Modern Location  | Conflict  | Combatant 1  | Combatant 2  | Result

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1012  | Siege of Shamkor  | Shamkir, Azerbaijan | Georgian–Shaddadid wars |  Kingdom of Georgia
Bagratid Armenia | Shaddadids | Victory
1021  | Battle of Shirimni | Childir, Turkey | Byzantine–Georgian war (1014-1022) |  Kingdom of Georgia
Bagratid Armenia |  Byzantine Empire | Defeat
1022  | Battle of Svindax | Turkey | Byzantine–Georgian war (1014-1022) |  Kingdom of Georgia |  Byzantine Empire | Defeat
1026  | Siege of Shamkor[27] | Shamkir, Azerbaijan | Georgian–Shaddadid wars  |  Kingdom of Georgia | Shaddadids | Defeat
1028  | Battle of Kldekari[28] | Kldekari Fortress, Tetritsqaro Municipality, Kvemo Kartli, Georgia | Byzantine–Georgian war (1028) |  Kingdom of Georgia

* Duchy of Kldekari

|  Byzantine Empire | Victory
1030  | Battle of Ekletz[29][28] | Erzincan Province (historical Acilisene), Turkey | Georgian–Shaddadid wars  |  Kingdom of Georgia

* Duchy of Kldekari

Kingdom of Kakheti-Hereti
Kingdom of Tashir-Dzoraget
Emirate of Tbilisi

| Shaddadids | Victory
1038-1040  | Siege of Tbilisi | Tbilisi, Georgia | Unification of the Georgian realm |  Kingdom of Georgia

* Duchy of Kldekari

Kingdom of Kakheti-Hereti[30]

| Emirate of Tbilisi | Inconclusive

* Bagrat IV lifts the siege

1042  | Battle of Sasireti | Kaspi Municipality, Shida Kartli, Georgia | Georgian civil war of 1033-1058 |  Kingdom of Georgia
Varangians | Duchy of Kldekari
Byzantine Empire | Defeat
1046  | Battle of Ganja | Ganja, Azerbaijan | Byzantine–Seljuk wars |  Byzantine Empire
Duchy of Kldekari |  Seljuk Empire | Defeat
1047  | Battle of Arkistsikhe[31] | Akhalkalaki Municipality, Samtskhe-Javakheti, Georgia | Georgian civil war of 1033-1058 |  Kingdom of Georgia
Duchy of Kalmakhi
Duchy of Artanuj  | Duchy of Kldekari
Byzantine Empire
Kingdom of Kakheti-Hereti
Kingdom of Tashir-Dzoraget | Defeat
1048  | Battle of Kapetron | Pasinler District, Erzurum Province, Turkey | Byzantine–Seljuk wars |  Byzantine Empire
Duchy of Kldekari |  Seljuk Empire | Victory

● Tactical Victory of Byzantine & Duchy of Kldekari

1064  | Battle of Akhalkalaki[32] | Akhalkalaki, Samtskhe-Javakheti, Georgia | Georgian–Seljuk wars |  Kingdom of Georgia

Bagratid Armenia

|  Seljuk Empire | Defeat

* Seljuks conquer southern Georgian territories

1068  | Siege of Sveri[33] | Fortress of Sveri, Imereti, Georgia | Georgian–Seljuk wars |  Kingdom of Georgia

Bagratid Armenia

|  Seljuk Empire

Kingdom of Tashir-Dzoraget
Kingdom of Kakheti-Hereti
Emirate of Tbilisi

| Defeat

* Pyrrhic Seljuk victory: Seljuks take the fortress with heavy casualties, but halt their further advance into western Georgia due to a harsh winter

1071  | Battle of Manzikert | Malazgirt, Turkey

| Byzantine-Seljuk wars  |  Byzantine Empire

Kingdom of Georgia Armenian English Frankish Bulgarian Norman mercenaries

|  Seljuk Empire

Kurdish Pecheneg Arab Iranian mercenaries

| Defeat

• Byzantine lost a Battle because of the Betrayal

1074  | Battle of Partskhisi | Tetritsqaro Municipality, Kvemo Kartli, Georgia | Georgian–Seljuk wars |  Kingdom of Georgia

Kingdom of Kakheti-Hereti

|  Seljuk Empire | Victory

* Giorgi II reclaims southern Georgian territories

1080  | Battle of Queli[34] | Ardahan Province, Turkey | Georgian–Seljuk wars |  Kingdom of Georgia |  Seljuk Empire | Defeat

* Beginning of Great Turkish Invasion

1084  | Siege of Vejini[35] | Gurjaani Municipality, Kakheti, Georgia | Unification of the Georgian realm |  Kingdom of Georgia
Seljuk Empire | Kingdom of Kakheti-Hereti | Inconclusive

* George II lifts the siege

1099  | Georgian-Seljuk Conflict  | Georgia | Georgian–Seljuk wars |  Kingdom of Georgia |  Seljuk Empire | Victory

Georgia stopped paying Tribute to Seljuks

1103  | Siege of Zedazeni [ka] | Fortress of Zedazeni, Mtskheta Municipality, Mtskheta-Mtianeti, Georgia | Unification of the Georgian realm |  Kingdom of Georgia | Kingdom of Kakheti-Hereti

Seljuk Empire

| Victory
1104  | Battle of Ertsukhi | Eastern Georgia | Georgian–Seljuk wars |  Kingdom of Georgia

* Duchy of Kldekari

|  Seljuk Empire | Victory
1110  | Siege of Samshvilde | Tetritsqaro Municipality, Kvemo Kartli, Georgia | Georgian–Seljuk wars |  Kingdom of Georgia |  Seljuk Empire | Victory
1110  | Capture of Dzerna  | Kartli, Georgia | Georgian–Seljuk wars |  Kingdom of Georgia |  Seljuk Empire | Victory
1110  | Capture of Somkhiti Tower  | Georgia | Georgian–Seljuk wars |  Kingdom of Georgia |  Seljuk Empire | Victory
1110  | Battle of Trialeti | Kvemo Kartli, Georgia | Georgian–Seljuk wars |  Kingdom of Georgia |  Seljuk Empire | Victory
1115  | Siege of Rustavi  | Kvemo Kartli, Georgia | Georgian–Seljuk wars |  Kingdom of Georgia |  Seljuk Empire | Victory
1117  | Caprure of Gishi  | Gebele, Azerbaijan | Georgian–Seljuk wars |  Kingdom of Georgia |  Seljuk Empire | Victory
1118  | Battle of Rakhsi | Armenia | Georgian–Seljuk wars |  Kingdom of Georgia |  Seljuk Empire | Victory
1120  | Battle of Botora | Georgia | Georgian–Seljuk wars |  Kingdom of Georgia |  Seljuk Empire | Victory
1121  | Battle of Didgori | Tbilisi, Georgia | Georgian–Seljuk wars |  Kingdom of Georgia

Kipchaks Armenian English Frankish Alan mercenaries

|  Seljuk Empire
Sultanate of Rum
Artuqids
Beylik of Dilmaç
Banu Mazyad
Shaddadids
Emirate of Tbilisi
Uqaylids
Saltuqids
Mengujekids
Burids
Danishmends
Arabs
Persian mercenaries | Victory

* Beginning of the Georgian Golden Age

1122  | Siege of Tbilisi | Tbilisi, Georgia | Georgian Crusade |  Kingdom of Georgia | Emirate of Tbilisi | Victory

* Reclamation of Tbilisi by the Georgians

1124  | Capture of Dmanisi [ka] | Kvemo Kartli, Georgia | Georgian–Seljuk wars |  Kingdom of Georgia |  Seljuk Empire | Victory
1124  | Siege of Ani | Ani, Kars Province, Turkey | Georgian–Seljuk wars |  Kingdom of Georgia | Shaddadids | Victory
1137  | Battle of Kapan  | Kapan | Georgian-Seljuk wars  |  Kingdom of Georgia |  Eldiguzids | Defeat
1139  | Capture of Ganja[36][37] | Ganja, Azerbaijan | Georgian–Seljuk wars |  Kingdom of Georgia |  Eldiguzids | Victory

• Georgia won the Battle thanks to earthquake which destroyed half of the city Ganja

1161  | Siege of Ani | Ani, Kars Province, Turkey | Georgian–Seljuk wars |  Kingdom of Georgia |  Eldiguzids
Shah-Armens
Artuqids
Emirate of Kars
Beylik of Dilmaç[38] | Victory
1162  | Battle of Dvin[39] | Near Dvin, Ararat Province, Armenia | Georgian–Seljuk wars |  Kingdom of Georgia |  Eldiguzids
Shah-Armens
Artuqids | Victory
1163  | Battle of al-Krkri[40] | Herher, Vayots Dzor Province, Armenia | Georgian–Seljuk wars |  Kingdom of Georgia |  Eldiguzids
Seljuk Empire
Shah-Armens
Ahmadilis
Artuqids
Beylik of Dilmaç | Defeat
1173  | Siege of Derbent | Derbent, Dagestan, Russian Federation | Caspian expeditions of the Rusʹ |  Kingdom of Georgia

* Shirvanshah

| Rus' people
Alans
Kipchaks | Victory
1174  | Siege of Ani[41] | Ani, Kars Province, Turkey | Georgian–Shaddadid wars
Georgian–Seljuk wars |  Kingdom of Georgia | Shaddadids | Victory
1191  | Battle of Niali [ka][42] | Niali Plain, Aspindza Municipality, Samtskhe-Javakheti, Georgia | Revolt of Yury Bogolyubsky |  Kingdom of Georgia | Yury Bogolyubsky | Victory
1195  | Battle of Shamkor | Shamkir, Azerbaijan | Georgian–Seljuk wars |  Kingdom of Georgia |  Eldiguzids | Victory
1196  | Siege of Amberd [hy] | Amberd, Aragatsotn Province, Armenia | Georgian–Seljuk wars |  Kingdom of Georgia

* Zakarids

| Shaddadids | Victory
1199  | Siege of Ani | Ani, Kars Province, Turkey | Georgian–Seljuk wars
Georgian–Shaddadid wars  |  Kingdom of Georgia

* Zakarids

| Shaddadids | Victory

* Ani conclusively annexed to the Kingdom of Georgia
* End of Shaddadids

1202  | Battle of Basiani | Pasinler District, Erzurum Province, Turkey | Georgian–Seljuk wars |  Kingdom of Georgia

Alans

|  Sultanate of Rum
Mengujekids
Artuqids
Saltukids
Zengids
Shah-Armens
Ahlatshahs | Victory

• Ahlatshahs and Beylik of Dilmaç becomes vassal of the Kingdom of Georgia

1203  | Capture of Dvin[43] | Dvin, Ararat Province, Armenia | Georgian–Seljuk wars |  Kingdom of Georgia

* Zakarids

| Shah-Armens | Victory

* Dvin conclusively annexed to the Kingdom of Georgia

1206–1207  | Siege of Kars | Kars Province, Turkey | Georgian–Seljuk wars |  Kingdom of Georgia | Emirate of Kars | Victory

* Kars annexed to the Kingdom of Georgia

1208-1209  | Siege of Archesh [ka] | Erciş, Van Province, Turkey | Ayyubid–Georgian wars |  Kingdom of Georgia |  Ayyubid dynasty | Victory
1210  | Siege of Ahlat[44] | Akhlat, Bitlis Province, Turkey | Ayyubid–Georgian wars  |  Kingdom of Georgia |  Ayyubid dynasty | Thirty Years' Truce
1210  | Capture of Marand  | Marand East Azerbaijan Province Iran

| Georgian campaign against the Eldiguzids |  Kingdom of Georgia |

Eldiguzids

| Victory
1210  | Capture of Tabriz  | Tabriz Iran

| Georgian campaign against the Eldiguzids |  Kingdom of Georgia |

Eldiguzids

| Victory
1210  | Battle of Zanjan  | Zanjan Province Iran

| Georgian campaign against the Eldiguzids |  Kingdom of Georgia |

Eldiguzids

| Victory
1210  | Battle of Qazvin  | Qazvin Province Iran

| Georgian-Seljuk wars |  Kingdom of Georgia |  Eldiguzids

Shaddadids

| Victory

• in 1210 the city was damaged by the forces of Kingdom of Georgia sent by Tamar the Great

1213  | Siege of Ganja | Ganja, Azerbaijan | Georgian–Seljuk wars |  Kingdom of Georgia |  Eldiguzids | Victory
1222  | Battle of Khunan | Shamakhi District, Azerbaijan | Mongol invasions of Georgia |  Kingdom of Georgia | Mongol Empire | Defeat
1225  | Battle of Garni | Kotayk Province, Armenia | Jalal al-Din's invasions of Georgia |  Kingdom of Georgia | Khwarazmian Empire | Defeat

• Death of Shalva Akhaltsikheli

1226  | Siege of Tbilisi  | Tbilisi, Georgia | Jalal al-Din's invasions of Georgia |  Kingdom of Georgia | Khwarazmian Empire
Persian Mercenaries | Defeat

• 100.000 Martyrs of Tbilisi

1228  | Battle of Bolnisi | Bolnisi Municipality, Kvemo Kartli, Georgia | Jalal al-Din's invasions of Georgia |  Kingdom of Georgia

Kipchaks

| Khwarazmian Empire
Kipchak Mercenaries | Defeat

• Georgia lost because of the Betrayal

1232  | Kayqubad I's invasion of Georgia  | Samtskhe-Javakheti

| Georgian-Seljuk wars  |  Kingdom of Georgia

Principality of Samtskhe

|  Sultanate of Rum

Chobanids Artuqids Mengujekids Beylik of Dilmaç

| Defeat
1243  | Battle of Köse Dağ | Sivas Province, Turkey | Mongol invasions of Anatolia | Mongol Empire
Principality of Khachen
Georgian mercenaries |  Sultanate of Rum
Georgian auxiliaries
Trapezuntine auxiliaries
Latin mercenaries | Mongol victory
1258  | Siege of Baghdad | Baghdad, Iraq | Mongol invasions and conquests |  Ilkhanate
Kingdom of Georgia
Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia |  Abbasid Caliphate | Victory

* Annexation of Mesopotamia by the Ilkhanate

1260  | Battle of Ain Jalut | Jezreel Valley, Israel | Mongol invasions of the Levant |  Ilkhanate
Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia
Kingdom of Georgia[45] |  Mamluk Sultanate
Ayyubid emirs of Kerak and Hamah | Defeat
1260  | Battle of Kvishkheti [ka][46] | Kvishkheti, Khashuri Municipality, Shida Kartli, Georgia | David Ulugh's rebellion [ka] |  Kingdom of Georgia

* Principality of Samtskhe

|  Ilkhanate

Georgian nobles

| Defeat
1277  | Battle of Elbistan | Kahramanmaraş Province, Turkey | Mongol invasions of the Levant |  Ilkhanate
Kingdom of Georgia
Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia
Sultanate of Rum |  Mamluk Sultanate | Defeat
1281  | Second Battle of Homs | Homs, Syria | Mongol invasions of the Levant |  Ilkhanate
Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia
Kingdom of Georgia
Sultanate of Rum
Knights Hospitaller |  Mamluk Sultanate | Defeat
1282  | Siege of Trebizond | Trabzon, Turkey | Byzantine–Georgian wars |  Kingdom of Western Georgia |  Empire of Trebizond | Defeat
1282  | Capture of Lazeti  | Lazica, Turkey | Byzantine–Georgian wars |  Kingdom of Western Georgia |  Empire of Trebizond | Victory
1299  | Battle of Wadi al-Khaznadar | Homs, Syria | Mongol invasions of the Levant |  Ilkhanate
Kingdom of Georgia
Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia |  Mamluk Sultanate | Victory
1302-1303  | Azat Mousa's invasion of Georgia | Artvin

| Georgian-Seljuk wars  |  Kingdom of Georgia

Principality of Samtskhe

|  Sultanate of Rum | Victory
1303  | Battle of Vashlovani  | Kvemo Kartli

| Georgian-Seljuk wars  |  Kingdom of Georgia |  Sultanate of Rum | Victory
1303  | Battle of Speri  | Ispir

| Georgian-Seljuk wars  |  Kingdom of Georgia |  Sultanate of Rum | Victory
1303  | Battle of Marj al-Saffar | Ghabaghib, 25 miles south of Damascus, Syria | Mongol invasions of the Levant |  Ilkhanate
Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia
Kingdom of Georgia[47] |  Mamluk Sultanate | Defeat
1317  | Svan Uprising  | Svaneti, Georgia | Mongol invasions of Georgia |  Kingdom of Georgia |  Ilkhanate | Victory
1320  | Campaign Against Alans  | Ossetia, Russia | Mongol invasions of Georgia |  Kingdom of Georgia |  Ilkhanate

Alans

| Victory
1322  | Invasion Chobands  | Kartli, Georgia | Mongol invasions of Georgia |  Kingdom of Georgia |  Ilkhanate | Victory
1327  | Battle of Lomisi[48] | Mleta, Dusheti Municipality, Mtskheta-Mtianeti, Georgia | War between Aragvi and Ksani to dominate Mtiuleti | Duchy of Ksani | Duchy of Aragvi

Ilkhanate

| Victory of Ksani
1330  | Siege of Kutaisi[49] | Kutaisi, Imereti, Georgia | Military campaign of George V |  Kingdom of Georgia |  Kingdom of Western Georgia | Victory

* Reunification of Western and Eastern Georgia

1373  | Battle of Alastan  | Alastani Church, Javakheti, Georgia | Turkoman invasions of Georgia |  Kingdom of Georgia |  Qara Qoyunlu | Victory
1386  | Siege of Tbilisi | Tbilisi, Georgia | Timurid invasions of Georgia |  Kingdom of Georgia |  Timurid Empire | Defeat
1396  | Bagrat Liberation Expedition  | Georgia | Timurid invasions of Georgia |  Kingdom of Georgia |  Timurid Empire | Victory
1397  | Defense of Dariali  | Kartli, Georgia

| Timurid invasions of Georgia |  Kingdom of Georgia |  Timurid Empire | Victory
1398  | Siege of Alinja[50][51] | Alinja, Azerbaijan | Timurid invasions of Georgia |  Kingdom of Georgia |  Timurid Empire | Defeat
1399  | Battle of Alinja (1399) | Alinja, Azerbaijan | Timurid invasions of Georgia |  Kingdom of Georgia |  Timurid Empire | Victory
1403  | Siege of Birtvisi | Tetritsqaro Municipality, Kvemo Kartli, Georgia | Timurid invasions of Georgia |  Kingdom of Georgia |  Timurid Empire | Defeat
1405  | George's campaign against the Timurids[52] | Georgia

| Timurid invasions of Georgia  |  Kingdom of Georgia |  Timurid Empire | Victory

* George succeeded in expanding Georgia's borders temporarily to their former extent

1407  | Battle of Nakhiduri | Kvemo Kartli, Georgia | Turkoman invasions of Georgia |  Kingdom of Georgia
Simsir
Shirvanshah |  Qara Qoyunlu | Defeat

•Qara Yusuf took 15.000 prisoners and killed George VII of Georgia

1412  | Battle of Chalagan | Çalağan-Güney, Lachin District, Azerbaijan | Turkoman invasions of Georgia |  Kingdom of Georgia |  Qara Qoyunlu | Defeat

•Death of Constantine I

1431  | Alexander's Annexation of Ani  | Tbilisi, Kvemo Kartli, Georgia | Turkoman invasions of Georgia |  Kingdom of Georgia
Simsir
Shirvanshah |  Qara Qoyunlu | Victory
1444  | Battle of Akhaltsikhe [ka] | Akhaltsikhe, Samtskhe-Javakheti, Georgia | Turkoman invasions of Georgia |  Kingdom of Georgia |  Qara Qoyunlu | Victory

Jahan Shah quietly left the battlefield at night and escaped to Tabriz

1463  | Battle of Chikhori | Terjola Municipality, Imereti, Georgia | Collapse of the Georgian realm |  Kingdom of Georgia |  Kingdom of Imereti | Victory of İmereti
1465  | Battle of Paravani[53] | Paravani Lake, Samtskhe–Javakheti, Georgia | Collapse of the Georgian realm |  Kingdom of Georgia |  Principality of Samtskhe | Victory of Samtskhe
1473  | Turkoman invasion of Georgia  | Kvemo Kartli Georgia

| Turkoman invasions of Georgia |  Kingdom of Georgia |  Aq Qoyunlu | Victory
1476-1477  | Siege of Tbilisi  | Tbilisi Georgia

| Uzun Hasan's invasions of Georgia |  Kingdom of Georgia |  Aq Qoyunlu | Defeat

• Bagrat VI of Georgia, temporary ruler of most of Georgia at the time, had to make peace with the invaders, abandoning Tbilisi to the enemy

1479  | Turkoman invasion of Samtskhe  | Kvemo Kartli Georgia

| Uzun Hasan's invasions of Georgia |  Kingdom of Georgia |  Aq Qoyunlu | Victory
1482  | Capture of Akhaltsikhe  | Akhaltsikhe Georgia

| Turkoman invasions of Georgia |  Kingdom of Georgia |  Aq Qoyunlu | Defeat
1483  | Battle of Aradeti | Kareli Municipality, Shida Kartli, Georgia | Collapse of the Georgian realm |  Kingdom of Georgia |  Principality of Samtskhe | Victory of Samtskhe

## Royal triarchy and principalities (1490–1801)

[edit]

Date  | Battle  | Modern Location  | Conflict  | Combatant 1  | Combatant 2  | Result

|
|
|
|
|
|

1501  | Battle of Sharur | Sharur, Azerbaijan,

| Perso-Turcoman wars  |  Safavid Empire
Kingdom of Kartli |  Aq Qoyunlu | Victory

• Shah Ismael I fought with his Persian and with his little bit Georgian Army against the Turcomans. Qarachaqay Khan killed in the battle

1508  | Georgian campaign (1508) | Georgia | Georgian–Ottoman wars |

* Kingdom of Imereti

|  Ottoman Empire | Defeat

• in 1508 Selim the Grim organised an attack against Georgia. He invaded and captured western Georgia bringing Imereti and Guria under Ottoman rule. During his campaign he enslaved a large amount of women, girls and boys, reportedly more than 10,000 Georgians

1512  | Battle of Mokhisi [ka] | Kareli Municipality, Shida Kartli, Georgia | Civil war  |  Bagrat III of Imereti |  Vakhtang

Supported by:
Kingdom of Kartli
Principality of Samtskhe

| Victory of Bagrat
1518  | Battle of Tmogvi[54] | Aspindza Municipality, Samtskhe-Javakheti, Georgia | Civil war  |  Manuchar I Jaqeli |  Qvarqvare III Jaqeli
Safavid Empire | Qvarqvare's victory

* Qvarqvare is reinstalled as the prince of Samtskhe-Saatabago

1520  | Battle of Mokhisi | Kareli Municipality, Shida Kartli, Georgia | War of the Kakhetian Succession  |  Principality of Guria |  Kingdom of Kartli | Gurian victory

* Levan of Kakheti ascends to the throne

1522  | Battle of Teleti [ka][55] | Gardabani Municipality, Kvemo Kartli, Georgia | Georgian–Safavid wars |  Kingdom of Kartli |  Safavid Empire | Defeat
1535  | Battle of Murjakheti | Akhalkalaki Municipality, Samtskhe-Javakheti, Georgia | Imereti–Samtskhe war  |  Kingdom of Imereti
Principality of Mingrelia
Principality of Guria |  Principality of Samtskhe | Victory

* Principality of Samtskhe is annexed by Imereti

1543  | Battle of Karagak | Turkey | Georgian–Ottoman wars |  Kingdom of Imereti |  Ottoman Empire | Victory

• Death of Musa Pasha

1545  | Battle of Sokhoista | Pasinler District, Erzurum Province, Turkey | Georgian–Ottoman wars | Samtskhe-Saatabago |  Ottoman Empire | Defeat

* Samtskhe becomes Ottoman vassal

1547  | Ottoman invasion of Guria | Lazica,Adjara

| Georgian–Ottoman wars |

* Principality of Guria

|  Ottoman Empire | Defeat
1549  | Georgian Expedition | Georgia | Georgian–Ottoman wars | Samtskhe-Saatabago |  Ottoman Empire | Defeat
1556  | Battle of Garisi | Kvemo Kartli

Georgia

| Georgian-Safavid wars |  Kingdom of Kartli |  Safavid Empire | Victory

• Death of Shahverdi Sultan and Luarsab I of Kartli

1561  | Battle of Tsikhedidi [ka][56] | Mtskheta Municipality, Mtskheta-Mtianeti, Georgia | Georgian–Safavid wars |  Kingdom of Kartli
Kingdom of Kakheti |  Safavid Empire | Defeat
1567  | Battle of Digomi | Tbilisi, Georgia | Georgian–Safavid wars |  Kingdom of Kartli |  Safavid Empire

* Daud Khan

| Victory
1568  | Battle of Samadlo [ka][57] | Tbilisi, Georgia | Georgian–Safavid wars |  Kingdom of Kartli |  Safavid Empire

* Daud Khan

| Victory
1568  | Battle of Ianeti[58] | Samtredia Municipality, Imereti, Georgia | Civil war  |  Principality of Mingrelia

Varaz Chiladze Liparteliani

|  Kingdom of Imereti | Imeretian victory
1569  | Battle of Partskhisi[56] | Tetritsqaro Municipality, Kvemo Kartli, Georgia | Georgian–Safavid wars |  Kingdom of Kartli |  Safavid Empire

* Daud Khan

| Victory

* Simon I of Kartli defeats Safavids in a battle, but is captured and imprisoned, while Daud Khan assumes nominal control of Kartli

1573  | Battle of Zugdidi[59] | Zugdidi Municipality, Mingrelia, Georgia | Guria–Mingrelia war  |  Principality of Guria |  Principality of Mingrelia | Gurian victory

* Giorgi II of Guria overthrows Mingrelian prince George III Dadiani and installs Mamia IV Dadiani instead

1578  | Lala Mustafa Pasha's Caucasian campaign | Tbilisi, Georgia | Ottoman–Safavid War (1578–1590) |  Safavid Empire Kingdom of Kartli |  Ottoman Empire | Defeat

The Kingdom of Kartli became a temporary vassal of the Ottoman Empire

1578  | Battle of Çıldır | Çıldır, Ardahan Province, Turkey | Ottoman–Safavid War (1578–1590) |  Safavid Empire

* Kingdom of Kartli

|  Ottoman Empire | Defeat

* The Ottomans enter Tbilisi and take control of entire Kartli until Mohammad Khodabanda liberates and reinstates King Simon I, who recaptures Lori and Gori

1579  | Siege of Tbilisi | Tbilisi, Georgia | Ottoman–Safavid War (1578–1590) |  Safavid Empire

Kingdom of Kartli

|  Ottoman Empire | Defeat

* Georgian-Kizilbash army fails to recapture Tbilisi[60]

1582  | Battle of Mukhrani [ka] | Georgia | Georgian–Ottoman wars |  Kingdom of Kartli

Safavid Empire

|  Ottoman Empire | Victory

• Georgian army with his little bit Safavid Army defeats the Ottoman Empire. After a lot of invasions and campaigns in Caucasia from the Ottoman Empire, in the Battle of Mukhrani Ottomans defeated by Georgian and little bit Safavid (Persian) army

1583  | Ferhad Pasha's march to Georgia | Georgia | Ottoman–Safavid War (1578–1590)
Georgian-Ottoman wars  |  Kingdom of Kartli |  Ottoman Empire |

* Defeat Simon had to pay tribute to the Ottomans every year.

1584  | Battle of Khatisopeli | Bolnisi Municipality, Kvemo Kartli, Georgia | Ottoman–Safavid War (1578–1590)
Georgian-Ottoman wars  |  Kingdom of Kartli
Principality of Samtskhe |  Ottoman Empire | Defeat

• Simon I, was unable to continue the fight and withdrew from the battlefield

1587  | Occupation of Akhaltsikhe[61][62] | Akhaltsikhe, Samtskhe-Javakheti, Georgia | Ottoman–Safavid War (1578–1590)
Georgian-Ottoman wars  |  Principality of Samtskhe
Kingdom of Kartli |  Ottoman Empire | Defeat
1587  | Occupation of Tbilisi[61][62] | Tbilisi, Georgia | Ottoman–Safavid War (1578–1590)
Georgian-Ottoman wars  |  Kingdom of Kartli |  Ottoman Empire | Defeat
1588  | Battle of Gopanto [ka][63] | Terjola Municipality, Imereti, Georgia | War of Imeretian succession  |  Kingdom of Kartli |  Kingdom of Imereti | Kartlian victory

* Simon I announces reunification of "two Iberias"

1590  | Battle of Opshkviti [ka][64] | Tsqaltubo Municipality, Imereti, Georgia | War of Imeretian succession  |  Kingdom of Kartli |  Principality of Mingrelia
Rostom of Imereti | Mingrelian victory

* Simon I recognizes Rostom as the King of Imereti

1598–1599  | Battle of Gori[65] | Gori, Shida Kartli, Georgia | Georgian–Ottoman wars |  Kingdom of Kartli |  Ottoman Empire | Victory

* Simon I liberates Gori from the Ottoman Empire

1599  | Battle of Nakhiduri | Tetritsqaro Municipality, Kvemo Kartli, Georgia | Georgian–Ottoman wars |  Kingdom of Kartli

Principality of Guria Kingdom of Imereti

|  Ottoman Empire | Defeat

* King Simon, who was taken captive, was brought to Istanbul and imprisoned in Yedikule. During his imprisonment, he converted to Islam and took the name Mehmed Pasha. As a Muslim, he died in captivity.

1603  | Safavid capture of Tabriz | Tabriz

| Ottoman-Safavid wars  | Safavid Empire

Kingdom of Kartli

|  Ottoman Empire | Victory
1604  | Battle of Zeyem  | Azerbaijan

| Georgian–Ottoman wars |

Kingdom of Kartli

|  Ottoman Empire | Victory
1606  | Battle of Niabi  | Shida Kartli, Georgia

| Georgian–Ottoman wars |

Kingdom of Kartli

|  Ottoman Empire | Victory
1609  | Battle of Tashiskari | Khashuri Municipality, Shida Kartli, Georgia | Georgian–Ottoman wars |  Kingdom of Kartli |  Ottoman Empire

Crimean Khanate

| Victory
1615  | Battle of Tsitsamuri | Mtskheta Municipality, Mtskheta-Mtianeti, Georgia | Abbas I's Kakhetian and Kartlian campaigns |  Kingdom of Kakheti |  Safavid Empire | Victory
1617  | Abbas I's Kakhetian and Kartlian campaigns | Georgia | Georgian–Safavid wars |  Kingdom of Kartli

Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti

|  Safavid Empire | Defeat

•100.000 Georgians killed by Safavid (iranian) army

1623  | Battle of Gochouri[66] | Kutaisi Municipality, Imereti, Georgia | War of the Kingdom of Imereti (1623-1658) [fr] |  Principality of Mingrelia

Abkhazians
Sadzs

|  Kingdom of Imereti | Mingrelian victory
1624  | Capture of Baghdad (1624) | Baghdad Iraq

| Part of Ottoman–Persian Wars |  Safavid Empire

Kingdom of Kartli

|  Ottoman Empire | Victory
1625  | Battle of Aghaiani | Kaspi Municipality, Shida Kartli, Georgia | Kartli-Kakhetian Uprising (1625) |  Kingdom of Kartli |  Safavid Empire | Defeat
1625  | Battle of Martqopi | Gardabani Municipality, Kvemo Kartli, Georgia | Kartli-Kakhetian Uprising (1625) |  Kingdom of Kartli |  Safavid Empire | Victory
1625  | Battle of Marabda | Tetritsqaro Municipality, Kvemo Kartli, Georgia | Kartli-Kakhetian Uprising (1625) |  Kingdom of Kartli |  Safavid Empire | Defeat
1625  | Battle of Ksani [ka] | Ksani Valley, Mtskheta-Mtianeti, Georgia | Kartli-Kakhetian Uprising (1625) |  Kingdom of Kartli

Kingdom of Kakheti

|  Safavid Empire | Victory
1626  | Battle of Bazaleti | Bazaleti Lake, Dusheti Municipality, Mtskheta-Mtianeti, Georgia | Civil War  |  Kingdom of Kakheti | Giorgi Saakadze | Victory
1634  | Battle of Kaka Bridge[67] | Baghdati Municipality, Imereti, Georgia | War of the Kingdom of Imereti (1623-1658) [fr] |  Principality of Mingrelia |  Kingdom of Imereti | Victory of Mingrelia
1623-1639  | Ottoman-Safavid War (1623-1639) | Mesopotamia Iraq,

South Caucasus

| Part of the Ottoman–Persian Wars |  Safavid Empire

Kingdom of Kartli Kingdom of Kakheti Musha'sha

|  Ottoman Empire

Crimean Khanate Muntafiq Arab Mercenaries

| Defeat
1658  | Battle of Bandza [ka][68] | Martvili Municipality, Mingrelia, Georgia | War of the Kingdom of Imereti (1623-1658) [fr] |  Kingdom of Imereti

Vameq III Dadiani

|  Liparit III Dadiani

Principality of Guria
Childir Eyalet

| Victory of Imereti

* Vameq is confirmed as Prince of Mingrelia
* Imereti restores hegemony over western Georgia

1659  | Bakhtrioni Uprising | Akhmeta Municipality, Kakheti, Georgia | Georgian–Safavid wars |  Kingdom of Kakheti |  Safavid Empire | Victory

•80.000 Perso-Turcoman killed by Georgians

1684  | Battle of Rokiti [ka][69] | Baghdati Municipality, Imereti, Georgia | Civil war  |  Kingdom of Imereti
Paata Abashidze |  Principality of Guria

Duchy of Racha

| Imeretian victory
1690  | Battle of Gogodani[54] | Terjola Municipality, Imereti, Georgia | Civil war  |  Archil of Imereti |  Alexander IV of Imereti | Archil's victory
1686-1700  | Russo-Turkish war | Ukraine

| Russo-Turkish wars  |  Russian Empire

Kingdom of Kartli

|  Ottoman Empire

Crimean Khanate

| Victory
1703  | Ottoman invasion of western Georgia (1703) | Imereti, Georgia,

| Ottoman-Georgian wars  |  Kingdom of Imereti

Principality of Mingrelia

* Principality of Guria

|  Ottoman Empire | Victory
1711  | Pruth River Campaign | Prut River, Romania,

| Russo-Turkish wars  |  Russian Empire

Kingdom of Kartli

|  Ottoman Empire | Victory
1716  | Battle of Simoneti [ka] | Terjola Municipality, Imereti, Georgia | Civil war  |  Kingdom of Imereti |  Principality of Mingrelia

Zurab Abashidze Childir Eyalet

| Victory of Mingrelia and Abashidze

* George IV of Guria is crowned as King of Imereti, but George VII of Imereti soon regains power

1723  | Battle of Zedavela[70] | Gori Municipality, Shida Kartli, Georgia | Georgian–Safavid wars |  Kingdom of Kartli |  Ottoman Empire

Safavid Empire
Kingdom of Kakheti
Erivan Khanate
Ganja Khanate
Lezgin mercenaries

| Defeat
1724  | Second Battle of Zedavela  | Shida Kartli

| Georgian-Ottoman wars  |

Kingdom of Kartli Kingdom of Kakheti

|  Ottoman Empire

Erivan Khanate
Ganja Khanate
Lezgin

| Victory
1732  | Battle of Chikhori[71] | Terjola Municipality, Imereti, Georgia | Civil war  |  Kingdom of Imereti |  Principality of Mingrelia

Duchy of Racha

| Imeretian victory
1734  | Battle of Magharo[72] | Sighnaghi Municipality, Kakheti, Georgia | Georgian–Ottoman wars  |  Kingdom of Kakheti |  Ottoman Empire | Victory
1739  | Battle of Ananuri [ka] | Ananuri, Dusheti Municipality, Mtskheta-Mtianeti, Georgia | Civil war  | Duchy of Ksani | Duchy of Aragvi | Victory of Ksani
1739  | Battle of Karnal[73][74] | Karnal, Haryana, India | Nader Shah's invasion of India |  Afsharid Empire
Kingdom of Kakheti |  Mughal Empire
Hyderabad
Oudh | Victory
1744  | Battle of Achabeti [ka][75] | Temporary Kurta Municipality, Shida Kartli, Georgia (de facto South Ossetia)  | Kartli uprising  |  Kingdom of Kakheti

* Teimuraz II
* Heraclius II

Afsharid Empire

| Givi Amilakhvari

Ottoman Empire

* Childir Eyalet

Lezgins

| Victory of Heraclius and Teimuraz
1751  | Battle of Agri-Chai [ka][76] | Azerbaijan | Georgian–Lezgin wars |  Kingdom of Kartli
Kingdom of Kakheti | Jar-Balakan
Elisu Sultanate
Shaki Khanate | Defeat
1751  | Battle of Kirkhbulakh | Near Yerevan, Armenia | Azad Khan's invasion of Erivan Khanate |  Kingdom of Kartli
Kingdom of Kakheti
Erivan Khanate | Azad Khan Afghan | Victory

* Erivan Khanate becomes vassal of Kartli and Kakheti[77]

1752  | Battle of Ganja [ka] | Ganja, Azerbaijan | Georgian–Lezgin wars |  Kingdom of Kartli
Kingdom of Kakheti | Shaki Khanate | Defeat
1752  | Battle of Tulkitepe [ka][78][76] | On the border of Qazax and Shamshadin Districts, Azerbaijan and Armenia | Georgian–Lezgin wars |  Kingdom of Kartli
Kingdom of Kakheti | Shaki Khanate | Victory

* Erivan Khanate and Ganja Khanate again become vassals of Kartli and Kakheti[78]

1753  | Battle of Zoti  | Zoti

| Georgian-Ottoman wars  |  Principality of Guria |  Ottoman Empire | Victory
1754  | Battle of Mchadijvari [ka][76] | Dusheti Municipality, Mtskheta-Mtianeti, Georgia | Georgian–Lezgin wars |  Kingdom of Kartli
Kingdom of Kakheti |  Avar Khanate
Shaki Khanate | Victory
1755  | Battle of Kvareli | Kvareli, Kakheti, Georgia,  | Georgian–Lezgin wars |  Kingdom of Kartli
Kingdom of Kakheti |  Avar Khanate | Victory
1757  | Mingrelian Liberation of Ottoman Empire  | Mingrelia

| Georgian-Ottoman wars  |  Principality of Mingrelia |  Ottoman Empire | Victory
1757  | Battle of Khresili[79] | Tkibuli Municipality, Imereti, Georgia,  | Georgian–Ottoman wars |  Kingdom of Imereti
Principality of Mingrelia
Principality of Guria
Principality of Abkhazia (Samurzakano)  |  Ottoman Empire | Victory
1770  | Battle of Aspindza | Aspindza, Samtskhe-Javakheti, Georgia,  | Russo-Turkish War (1768–1774) |  Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti

Russian Empire

|  Ottoman Empire | Victory
1770  | Battle of Kutaisi  | Kutaisi, Imereti

| Georgian-Ottoman wars  |  Kingdom of Imereti

Russian Empire

|  Ottoman Empire | Victory

General Tottleben Helped to Solomon I of Imereti

1770-1771  | Siege of Poti [ka] | Poti, Mingrelia, Georgia | Russo-Turkish War (1768–1774) |  Russian Empire

Principality of Mingrelia

|  Ottoman Empire | Inconclusive

* General Tottleben lifts the siege

1774  | Battle of Chkheri | Kharagauli Municipality, Imereti, Georgia,  | Russo-Turkish War (1768–1774) |  Kingdom of Imereti
Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti |  Ottoman Empire | Victory
1778/79  | Battle of Ghartiskari | Mtskheta Municipality, Mtskheta-Mtianeti, Georgia,  | Georgian–Lezgin wars |  Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti | Lezgin marauders  | Victory
1779  | Battle of Rukh | Zugdidi Municipality, Mingrelia, Georgia,  | Georgian–Ottoman wars |  Kingdom of Imereti
Principality of Guria
Principality of Mingrelia |  Ottoman Empire

* Principality of Abkhazia
* Crimean Khanate
* Alans
* Circassians
* Kabardians

| Victory
1784  | Battle of Nachiskrevi | Tsikhisdziri, Adjara, Georgia | Georgian–Ottoman wars |  Kingdom of Imereti

Principality of Guria

|  Ottoman Empire

* Pasha of Poti

| Defeat

* Lower Guria remains under Ottoman control

1785  | Battle of Mokhisi [ka] | Kareli Municipality, Shida Kartli, Georgia | Georgian–Ottoman wars
Georgian–Lezgin wars |  Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti

Russian Empire

| Childir Eyalet

Lezgin marauders

| Victory
1789  | Battle of Matkhoji [ka][80] | Khoni Municipality, Imereti, Georgia,  | War of Imeretian succession  |  David II of Imereti |  Solomon II of Imereti

Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti
Principality of Mingrelia

| Solomon II ascends to the Imeretian throne
1790  | Battle of Zovreti [ka] | Near Zovreti, Zestaponi Municipality, Imereti, Georgia,  | War of Imeretian succession  |  David II of Imereti

Ottoman Empire

* Childir Eyalet

Lezgins

|  Solomon II of Imereti | David II ascends to the Imeretian throne
1790  | Battle of Lomsiantkhevi  | Imereti, Georgia,  | War of Imeretian succession  |  David II of Imereti |  Solomon II of Imereti

Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti
Principality of Mingrelia

| Solomon II returns to the Imeretian throne
1795  | Battle of Krtsanisi | Tbilisi, Georgia,  | Qajar invasion of Kartli-Kakheti  |  Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti
Kingdom of Imereti
Russian Empire |  Qajar Iran

* Ganja Khanate
* Erivan Khanate

| Defeat

• Heraclius II defeated because of the Armenian betrayal but 13.000 Persian soldier killed by Georgians

1796  | Persian Expedition | Kartli, Georgia,  | Qajar invasion of Kartli-Kakheti  |  Russian Empire

Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti

|  Qajar Iran | Both side claimed victory
1800  | Battle of Niakhura | On the shores of Iori River, Kakheti, Georgia,  | Georgian–Lezgin wars |  Russian Empire

Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti

|  Avar Khanate

Prince Alexander of Georgia

| Victory

## Russian Empire

[edit]

Date  | Battle  | Modern Location  | Conflict  | Combatant 1  | Combatant 2  | Result

|
|
|
|
|
|

1804  | Battle of Lomisi[81] | Dusheti Municipality, Mtskheta-Mtianeti, Georgia,  | 1804 Mtiuleti rebellion | Khevsur rebels  |  Russian Empire | Inconclusive

* Khevsurs encircle Russians, but they manage to escape

1807  | Charge of Akhalkalaki | Akhalkalaki, Samtskhe-Javakheti, Georgia | Russo-Turkish War (1806–1812) |  Russian Empire |  Ottoman Empire | Defeat
1809  | Battle of Maltakva | Maltakva River, Mingrelia, Georgia | Russo-Turkish War (1806–1812) |  Russian Empire
Principality of Guria
Principality of Mingrelia
Principality of Abkhazia |  Ottoman Empire | Victory
1810  | Siege of Sukhum [ru] | Sukhumi, Abkhazia, Georgia | Russo-Turkish War (1806–1812) |  Russian Empire |  Ottoman Empire

Principality of Abkhazia

| Russian victory

* Abkhazia joins Russian Empire as an autonomous principality

1812  | Battle of Chumlaki [ka][82] | Gurjaani Municipality, Kakheti, Georgia | Kakheti uprising  | Prince Grigol of Georgia |  Russian Empire | Defeat
1812  | Battle of Shilda[83] | Qvareli Municipality, Kakheti, Georgia | Kakheti uprising  | Prince Alexander of Georgia

Lezgin mercenaries

|  Russian Empire | Defeat

* Prince Alexander is defeated after initial victory

1828-1829  | Battle of Akhaltsikhe | Akhaltsikhe, Samtskhe-Javakheti, Georgia | Russo-Turkish War (1828–1829) |  Russian Empire |  Ottoman Empire | Victory
1829  | Battle of Limani | Near Shekvetili, Ozurgeti Municipality, Guria, Georgia | Russo-Turkish War (1828–1829) |  Russian Empire |  Ottoman Empire | Victory
1841  | Battle of Gogoreti [ka] | Ozurgeti Municipality, Guria, Georgia | Rebellion in Guria (1841) |  Russian Empire | Gurian rebels  | Victory
1841  | Battle of Ozurgeti | Ozurgeti Municipality, Guria, Georgia | Rebellion in Guria (1841) |  Russian Empire | Gurian rebels  | Defeat[84]
1853  | Battle of Shekvetili | Shekvetili, Ozurgeti Municipality, Guria, Georgia | Crimean War |  Russian Empire

* Kutaisi Governorate

|  Ottoman Empire | Defeat
1853  | Battle of Akhaltsikhe | Akhaltsikhe, Samtskhe-Javakheti, Georgia | Crimean War |  Russian Empire

* Kutaisi Governorate

|  Ottoman Empire | Victory
1854  | Battle of Nigoiti | Lanchkhuti Municipality, Guria, Georgia | Crimean War |  Russian Empire

* Kutaisi Governorate

|  Ottoman Empire | Victory
1854  | Battle of Choloki | Kakuti, Ozurgeti Municipality, Guria, Georgia | Crimean War |  Russian Empire

* Kutaisi Governorate

|  Ottoman Empire | Victory
1855  | Battle of Enguri | On the shores of Enguri River, border between Mingrelia and Abkhazia, Georgia | Crimean War |  Russian Empire

* Kutaisi Governorate

|  Ottoman Empire | Defeat
1877-1878  | Batumi operation [ru] | Adjara, Georgia | Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878) |  Russian Empire |  Ottoman Empire | Victory
1905  | Battle of Nasakirali | Nasakirali, Ozurgeti Municipality, Guria, Georgia | Russian Revolution of 1905 | Gurian Republic |  Russian Empire

* Cossacks

| Victory
1905  | Expedition of General Alikhanov-Avarsky  | Ozurgeti Municipality, Guria, Georgia | Russian Revolution of 1905 | Gurian Republic |  Russian Empire | Defeat[85]

* Uprising suppressed

1918  | Battle of Anaria | Adjara, Georgia | Caucasus campaign |  Transcaucasian Commissariat |  Ottoman Empire | Defeat
1918  | Battle of Choloki | Choloki River, Adjara, Georgia | Caucasus campaign |  Transcaucasian Commissariat |  Ottoman Empire | Victory

## Georgian Democratic Republic (1918–1921)

[edit]

Date  | Battle  | Modern Location  | Conflict  | Combatant 1  | Combatant 2  | Result

|
|
|
|
|
|

1918  | Abkhazia operation | Abkhazia, Georgia | Abkhazia conflict (1918) |  Democratic Republic of Georgia

* Abkhaz People's Council

Supported by:
German Empire

|  Abkhaz Bolsheviks

Supported by:
Russian Soviet Republic

| Victory

* Georgian forces recapture Abkhazia from Bolshevik rebels

1918  | Battle of Shulaveri | Shulaveri, Georgia | Georgian-Armenian wars |  Democratic Republic of Georgia |  Armenia | Defeat
1918  | Battle of Opleti | Georgia | Georgian-Armenian wars |  Democratic Republic of Georgia |  Armenia | Victory
1918  | Battle of Lambalo | Georgia | Georgian-Armenian wars |  Democratic Republic of Georgia |  Armenia | Victory
1918  | Sochi offensive[86] | Sochi, Russian Federation | Sochi conflict |  Democratic Republic of Georgia

* Abkhaz People's Council

|  Russian Soviet Republic | Victory

* Georgians capture Sochi

1918  | Battle of Tuapse[87] | Tuapsinsky District, Russian Federation | Sochi conflict |  Democratic Republic of Georgia
Kuban Cossacks[88] |  Russian Soviet Republic

* North Caucasian Soviet Republic

| Victory

* Georgians capture Tuapse

1918  | Battle of Mokvi [ka] | Ochamchire Municipality, Abkhazia, Georgia | Abkhazia conflict (1918) |  Democratic Republic of Georgia |  Ottoman Empire

* Abkhaz Muhacir landing force

| Victory
1918  | Taman Army March[89] | Krasnodar Krai and Adygea, Russian Federation | Sochi conflict

Russian Civil War

|  Russian Soviet Republic

* Taman Army

|  White movement
Kuban People's Republic
Democratic Republic of Georgia

* * *

German Empire

| Defeat

* Georgians withdraw from Tuapse

1919  | Sochi counteroffensive[90] | Sochi, Russian Federation and Gagra Municipality, Abkhazia, Georgia | Sochi conflict |  Democratic Republic of Georgia |  White movement | Defeat

* White forces capture Sochinsky okrug

1919  | Battle of Gagra | Gagra Municipality, Abkhazia, Georgia | Sochi conflict |  Democratic Republic of Georgia

Military support:
Green armies

|  White movement | Victory

* Georgians recapture Gagra

1919  | Capture of Ardahan[91] | Ardahan Province, Turkey | War with South West Caucasian Republic |  Democratic Republic of Georgia |  South West Caucasian Republic | Victory
1920  | Battle of Poilo Bridge[92] | Poilo Bridge, border with Azerbaijan, Georgia | Border clashes between Georgia and Soviet Azerbaijan during the 1920 Georgian coup attempt |  Democratic Republic of Georgia |  Russian SFSR
Azerbaijan SSR | Victory

* Soviet offensive halted

1921  | Battle of Tbilisi [ka] | Tbilisi, Georgia | Red Army invasion of Georgia |  Democratic Republic of Georgia |  Russian SFSR | Defeat
1921  | Battle of Osiauri [ka] | Khashuri Municipality, Shida Kartli, Georgia | Red Army invasion of Georgia |  Democratic Republic of Georgia |  Russian SFSR

Georgian SSR

| Defeat
1921  | Battle of Surami [ka] | Khashuri Municipality, Shida Kartli, Georgia | Red Army invasion of Georgia |  Democratic Republic of Georgia |  Russian SFSR

Georgian SSR

| Defeat
1921  | Battle of Batumi | Adjara, Georgia | Red Army invasion of Georgia |  Democratic Republic of Georgia

Supported by:
Georgian SSR

|  Turkish Provisional Government | Victory

## Republic of Georgia (1991–)

[edit]

Date  | Battle  | Modern Location  | Conflict  | Combatant 1  | Combatant 2  | Result

|
|
|
|
|
|

1992  | Battle of Sokhumi | Sukhumi, Abkhazia, Georgia | War in Abkhazia (1992-1993) |  Georgia |  Abkhazia | Victory
1992  | Battle of Gagra | Gagra Municipality, Abkhazia, Georgia | War in Abkhazia (1992-1993) |  Georgia |  Abkhazia
Confederation of Mountain Peoples of the Caucasus
Russia | Defeat

* Abkhaz separatists capture Gagra District

1992  | Battle of Ochamchire | Ochamchire, Abkhazia, Georgia | War in Abkhazia (1992-1993) |  Georgia |  Abkhazia
Confederation of Mountain Peoples of the Caucasus | Victory
1992-1993  | Siege of Tkvarcheli | Tkvarcheli, Abkhazia, Georgia | War in Abkhazia (1992-1993) |  Georgia |  Abkhazia
Confederation of Mountain Peoples of the Caucasus
Russia | Defeat
1993  | Battle of Gumista | Gumista River, Abkhazia, Georgia | War in Abkhazia (1992-1993) |  Georgia |  Abkhazia
Confederation of Mountain Peoples of the Caucasus
Russia | Victory

* Abkhaz separatists fail to capture Sokhumi

1993  | Battle of Kamani | Sukhumi Municipality, Abkhazia, Georgia | War in Abkhazia (1992-1993) |  Georgia |  Abkhazia
Confederation of Mountain Peoples of the Caucasus | Defeat
1993  | Battle of Tamishi [ka][93] | Sukhumi Municipality, Abkhazia, Georgia | War in Abkhazia (1992-1993) |  Georgia |  Abkhazia
Confederation of Mountain Peoples of the Caucasus
Russia | Victory
1993  | Battle of Sokhumi | Sukhumi, Abkhazia, Georgia | War in Abkhazia (1992-1993) |  Georgia |  Abkhazia
Confederation of Mountain Peoples of the Caucasus
Russia | Defeat

* Abkhazia gains de facto independence

1993  | Battle of Poti | Poti, Mingrelia, Georgia | Georgian Civil War |  Eduard Shevardnadze
Russia |  Zviadists | Victory of Shevardnadze and Russia
2006–2014  | Battle of Nawzad | Nawzad, Helmand province, Afghanistan | War in Afghanistan (2001–2021) |  International Security Assistance Force

* United States
* United Kingdom
* Estonia
* Georgia

|  Taliban | Indecisive
2008  | Operation Phantom Phoenix | North-central Iraq | Iraq War |  United States
Iraq
Georgia
United Kingdom |  Islamic state of Iraq
Other Iraqi Insurgents | Partial victory
2008  | Battle of Tskhinvali | Tskhinvali, Shida Kartli, Georgia (de facto South Ossetia)  | Russo-Georgian War |  Georgia |  South Ossetia
Russia | Defeat
2008  | Battle in the Liakhvi Gorge | Georgia (de facto South Ossetia)  | Russo-Georgian War |  Georgia |  South Ossetia
Russia | Defeat
2008  | Battle of the Kodori Valley | Upper Abkhazia, Georgia | Russo-Georgian War |  Georgia |  Abkhazia
Russia | Defeat
2008  | Battle off the coast of Abkhazia | Black Sea off Abkhazia, in the vicinity of Ochamchire, Georgia | Russo-Georgian War |  Georgia |  Russia | Defeat
2008  | Occupation of Gori | Gori, Shida Kartli, Georgia | Russo-Georgian War |  Georgia |  Russia | Defeat
2008  | Occupation of Poti | Poti, Mingrelia, Georgia | Russo-Georgian War |  Georgia |  Russia | Defeat
2010–2011  | Battle of Sangin | Sangin District, Helmand Province, Afghanistan | War in Afghanistan (2001–2021) | ISAF /  NATO

* United States
* Islamic Republic of Afghanistan
* Georgia

|  Taliban | Victory

## See also

[edit]

* List of wars involving Georgia (country)

* v
* t
* e

Georgia articles

History|

| Early|

* Prehistoric Georgia
* Shulaveri–Shomu culture
* Kura–Araxes culture
* Trialeti culture
* Colchian culture
* Mushki
* Diauehi
* Colchis
* Kingdom of Iberia
* Lazica
* Roman era
* Sasanian Iberia
* Christianization of Iberia

|

Middle|

* Principality of Iberia
* Bagrationi dynasty
* Arab rule
* Emirate of Tbilisi
* Kingdom of Abkhazia
* Kingdom of the Iberians
* Unification of the Georgian realm
* Kingdom of Hereti
* First Kingdom of Kakheti
* Kingdom of Georgia
* Byzantine wars
* Seljuk wars
* Battle of Didgori
* Golden Age
* Mongol invasions
* Timur's invasions
* Samtskhe atabegate
* Turkmen incursions
* Kingdom of Imereti
* Principality of Abkhazia
* Principality of Svaneti
* Principality of Guria
* Principality of Mingrelia
* Kingdom of Kartli
* Kingdom of Kakheti
* Safavid Georgia
* Shah Abbas I's invasions
* Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti
* 1795 Persian Invasion
* Absorption by the Russian Empire

Modern|

* Democratic Republic of Georgia
* Armenian War
* Red Army invasion
* Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic
* April 9 tragedy
* Independent Georgia
* Civil War
* War in Abkhazia
* Rose Revolution
* Russo-Georgian War

By topic|

* Names of Georgia
* Monarchs
* States
* Military history
* Wars
* Battles
* Timeline of Georgian history
* more

Geography|

* Borders
* Birds
* Black Sea
* Climate
* Earthquakes
* Environmental issues
* Glaciers
* Greater Caucasus
* Lakes
* Lesser Caucasus
* Mammals
* National parks
* Protected areas
* Rivers
* Volcanoes
* more

Subdivisions|

* Administrative divisions
* Cities and towns
* Tbilisi
* Regions
* more

Russian-occupied territories|

* Abkhazia
* South Ossetia

Politics|

* Constitution
* Elections
* Foreign relations
* Government
* Human rights
* LGBT
* Law enforcement
* Military
* Parliament
* Political parties
* President
* Prime Minister

Economy|

* Agriculture
* Central bank
* Companies
* Energy
* Lari (currency)
* Mining
* Stock Exchange
* Telecommunications
* Tourism
* Transport
* more

Culture|

* Alphabet
* Architecture
* Art
* Chokha
* Cinema
* Cuisine
* Wine
* Dance
* Gambling
* Languages
* Georgian
* Laz
* Mingrelian
* Svan
* Media
* Music
* Mythology
* Names
* Public holidays
* Religion
* Sports
* World Heritage Sites
* more

Demographics|

* Education
* Ethnic minorities
* Georgians
* List
* Diaspora
* Health care
* Women
* more

Symbols|

* Anthem
* Bolnisi cross
* Borjgali
* Coat of arms
* Flag
* Motto
* Saint George
* cross
* Saint Nino
* cross

* Outline
* Index

* Category
* Portal

## References

[edit]

1. ^ Appian, p. 103.
2. ^ Asatiani & Janelidze 2009, p. 46.
3. ^ Petersen 2013, p. 271.
4. ^ David Braund (1994). Georgia in Antiquity: A History of Colchis and Transcaucasian Iberia, 550 BC-AD 562. Clarendon Press. pp. 299–300. ISBN 9780198144731.
5. ^ a b Asatiani & Janelidze 2009, p. 47.
6. ^ "Battle of Tsakhar 556". Georgian Soviet Encyclopedia (PDF) (in Georgian). Vol. 11\. Tbilisi: Metsniereba. 1987. p. 265.
7. ^ Kaegi 2003, p. 143.
8. ^ Khalid Yahya Blankinship (1994). The End of the Jihâd State: The Reign of Hishām Ibn ʿAbd al-Malik and the Collapse of the Umayyads. State University of New York Press. p. 172\. ISBN 9780791496831.
9. ^ Suny, Ronald Grigor (1994), The Making of the Georgian Nation: 2nd edition, p. 28. Indiana University Press, ISBN 0253209153
10. ^ a b Mikaberidze 2015, p. 424.
11. ^ Thomson 1996, p. 259.
12. ^ Fähnrich 2010, p. 159.
13. ^ a b Thomson 1996, p. 260.
14. ^ Thomson 1996, pp. 260–261.
15. ^ Rayfield 2012, pp. 66.
16. ^ a b Thomson 1996, p. 261.
17. ^ Tavadze, Leri (2012). კურაპალატის ტიტული ტაო-კლარჯერთის ბაგრატიონთა სამეფო სახლში (ქართველთა სამეფოს პოლიტიკური ვითარება IX-X საუკუნეში) [Title of Kouropalates in the house of Bagrationis of Tao-Klarjeti (political circumstances of Kingdom of Georgians in the IX-X centuries] (in Georgian). Tbilisi. p. 81.`{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
18. ^ Asatiani & Janelidze 2009, p. 66-67.
19. ^ Asatiani & Janelidze 2009, p. 66.
20. ^ "Gurgen I". National Parliamentary Library of Georgia (in Georgian). Retrieved 2024-02-07.
21. ^ Papaskiri, Zurab (2011). "The Byzantine Commonwealth and the International Status of the Georgian Political Units in the First Half of the 10th Century". The Caucasus & Globalization. 5 (3–4): 131.
22. ^ Thomson 1996, p. 272.
23. ^ Rayfield 2012, pp. 69–70.
24. ^ Mikaberidze 2015, p. 162.
25. ^ Frye 1975, p. 237.
26. ^ Frye 1975, pp. 237, 732.
27. ^ Frye 1975, p. 241.
28. ^ a b Narimanishvili & Shanshashvili 2018, p. 309.
29. ^ Minorsky 1953, p. 43.
30. ^ Allen 2023, p. 89.
31. ^ Narimanishvili & Shanshashvili 2018, p. 310.
32. ^ Fähnrich 2010, p. 192.
33. ^ Fähnrich 2010, p. 193.
34. ^ Thomson 1996, p. 310.
35. ^ Rayfield 2012, pp. 83–84.
36. ^ Rayfield 2012, p. 100.
37. ^ Baumer 2021, p. 18.
38. ^ Peacock 2006, p. 130.
39. ^ Fähnrich 2010, p. 206.
40. ^ Minorsky 1953, p. 93.
41. ^ Minorsky 1953, p. 96.
42. ^ Bogveradze, A. (1984). "Niali Battle 1191". Georgian Soviet Encyclopedia (PDF) (in Georgian). Vol. 7\. Tbilisi: Metsniereba. p. 406.
43. ^ Mariam Lortkipanidze (2006). Georgia in the XI-XII Centuries. Ganatleba Publishers. p. 151.
44. ^ Pancaroğlu, Oya (2021). "Looking for Urban Agency in a City of Memorials: Tomb Towers of Late Thirteenth-Century Ahlat" (PDF). Medieval Worlds. 14: 121. doi:10.1553/medievalworlds_no14_2021s117.
45. ^ Allen 2023, p. 116.
46. ^ "Battle of Kvishkheti 1260". Georgian Soviet Encyclopedia (PDF) (in Georgian). Vol. 10\. Tbilisi: Metsniereba. 1986. p. 523.
47. ^ Constantin d'Ohsson (1852). Histoire des Mongols: depuis Tchinguiz-Khan jusqu'à Timour Bey, ou Tamerlan (in French). Vol. IV. Les fères Van Cleef. p. 330.
48. ^ Rayfield 2012, p. 140.
49. ^ Brosset, Marie-Félicité (1849). Histoire de la Géorgie, depuis l'Antiquité jusqu'au XIXe siècle - 1re partie. St. Petersburg: Saint Petersburg Academy of Sciences.
50. ^ Rayfield 2012, p. 149.
51. ^ Javakhishvili 1949, p. 193.
52. ^ Rayfield 2012, p. 152.
53. ^ Valeri Silogava; Kakha Shengelia (2007). History of Georgia: From the Ancient Times Through the "Rose Revolution". Caucasus University Publishing House. p. 272\. ISBN 9789994086160.
54. ^ a b Rayfield 2012, p. 219.
55. ^ Nodar Asatiani; Otar Janelidze (2009). History of Georgia: From Ancient Times to the Present Day. Publishing House Petite. p. 127\. ISBN 9789941906367.
56. ^ a b Rayfield 2012, p. 172.
57. ^ Mikaberidze 2015, p. 259.
58. ^ Fähnrich 2010, p. 324.
59. ^ Rayfield 2012, p. 175.
60. ^ Rayfield 2012, p. 177.
61. ^ a b Asatiani & Janelidze 2009, p. 136.
62. ^ a b Rayfield 2012, p. 179.
63. ^ Rayfield 2012, p. 180.
64. ^ Mikaberidze 2015, p. 548.
65. ^ Kalistrat Salia (1983). History of the Georgian Nation. Paris. p. 261.`{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
66. ^ Fähnrich 2010, p. 328.
67. ^ Rayfield 2012, p. 199.
68. ^ Rayfield 2012, p. 213.
69. ^ Rayfield 2012, p. 218.
70. ^ Rayfield 2012, p. 226.
71. ^ Rayfield 2012, p. 235.
72. ^ Mikaberidze 2015, p. 617.
73. ^ David Marshall Lang. Russia and the Armenians of Transcaucasia, 1797–1889: a documentary record Columbia University Press, 1957 (digitalised March 2009, originally from the University of Michigan) p. 142.
74. ^ Valeri Silogava, Kakha Shengelia. "History of Georgia: From the Ancient Times Through the "Rose Revolution" Caucasus University Publishing House, 2007 ISBN 978-9994086160 pp. 158, 278.
75. ^ Mikaberidze 2015, p. 120.
76. ^ a b c Kakhaber Demetrashvili (2022). The Political Relationship of the Georgian Kings with the Rulers of the Shaki Khanate in the Middle of the 18th Century. Ilia State University. p. 2.
77. ^ Fähnrich 2010, p. 316.
78. ^ a b Fähnrich 2010, p. 318.
79. ^ Rayfield 2013, p. 240.
80. ^ Mikaberidze 2015, p. 586.
81. ^ Rayfield 2012, p. 263.
82. ^ Khatuna Kokrashvili (2020). Anti-Russian Demonstrations in Georgia in the First Half of the XIX Century (PDF). Rondeli Foundation. p. 6.
83. ^ Rayfield 2012, p. 273.
84. ^ Guria Uprising of 1841 // The Modern Encyclopedia of Russian and Soviet History, Volume 13. — Academic International Press, 1976. — P. 201. — ISBN 0-87569-064-5
85. ^ Шанин, Революция как момент истины, 1997, с. 181
86. ^ Chachkhiani, Archil (2014). Russia-Georgia Military-Political Relations and the Military Actions in Abkhazia and Black Sea Region (1918-1920) (PDF) (in Georgian). Tbilisi: The Academy of the Georgian National Defense Academy of David the Builder. pp. 144–149.
87. ^ Political History of Russia. Vol. 5\. Nova Science Publishers. 1995. p. 89.
88. ^ Kenez, Peter (1970). "The Relations between the Volunteer Army and Georgia, 1918-1920: A Case Study in Disunity". The Slavonic and East European Review. 48 (112). Modern Humanities Research Association: 407. JSTOR 4206242.
89. ^ "Taman Army March of 1918". The Free Dictionary.
90. ^ "Exactly 95 years ago, Georgian army left Sochi". Voice of America (in Georgian). 7 February 2014. Retrieved 11 September 2023.
91. ^ "Georgia troops seize Gagra, Ardagan". Civil Georgia. 1 May 1919. Retrieved 11 September 2023.
92. ^ USA House of Representatives Select Committee on Communist Aggression (1955). Communist Takeover and Occupation of Georgia (Report). U.S. Government Printing Office. p. 7.
93. ^ "Battle of Tamishi - Facing unexpected landing". Radio Freedom (in Georgian). 10 July 2021. Retrieved 11 September 2023.

## Bibliography

[edit]

* Appian. The Mithridatic Wars.
* Javakhishvili, Ivane (1949). ქართველი ერის ისტორია, ტომი III [History of the Georgian nation, volume III] (in Georgian). Tbilisi: Metsniereba.
* Javakhishvili, Ivane. ქართველი ერის ისტორია, წიგნი IV [History of the Georgian nation, book IV] (PDF) (in Georgian). pp. 30–32.
* Kaegi, Walter Emil (2003). Heraclius, Emperor of Byzantium. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-81459-6.
* Petersen, Leif Inge Ree (2013). Siege Warfare and Military Organization in the Successor States (400-800 AD): Byzantium, the West and Islam. BRILL. ISBN 978-9004254466.
* Rayfield, Donald (2013). Edge of Empires: A History of Georgia. Reaktion Books. ISBN 978-1780230702.
* Minorsky, Vladimir (1953). Studies in Caucasian History. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521057356.
* Brosset, Marie-Félicité (1849). Histoire de la Géorgie depuis l'Antiquité jusqu'au XIXe siècle. Volume I [History of Georgia from Ancient Times to the 19th Century, Volume 1] (in French). Saint-Petersburg: Imperial Academy of Sciences.
* Rayfield, Donald (2012). Edge of Empires, a History of Georgia. London: Reaktion Books. ISBN 978-1-78023-070-2.
* Mikaberidze, Alexander (2015). Historical Dictionary of Georgia. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. ISBN 9781442241466.
* Asatiani, Nodar; Janelidze, Otar (2009). History of Georgia: From Ancient Times to the Present Day. Publishing House Petite. ISBN 9789941906367.
* Fähnrich, Heinz (2010). Geschichte Georgiens (in German). Brill Publishers. ISBN 978-9004184503.
* Allen, William (2023). A History of the Georgian People: From the Beginning Down to the Russian Conquest in the Nineteenth Century. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 9781000855302.
* Georgian Soviet Encyclopedia
* Thomson, Robert W. (1996). Rewriting Caucasian History. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-826373-2.
* Narimanishvili, Goderdzi; Shanshashvili, Nino (2018). Trialeti: Cultural and Historical Heritage, Ancient Sources and Prospects of Research. Georgian National Museum. ISBN 9789941279652.
* Frye, R. N. (1975). The Cambridge History of Iran. Vol. 4\. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-20093-6.
* Baumer, Christoph (2021). History of the Caucasus. Volume one, At the crossroads of empires. London: I.B. Tauris. ISBN 978-1-78831-007-9. OCLC 1259549144.
* Peacock, Andrew (2006). "Georgia and the Anatolian Turks in the 12th and 13th centuries". Anatolian Studies. 56: 127–146. doi:10.1017/S0066154600000806. ISSN 0066-1546. JSTOR 20065551. S2CID 155798755.

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