List of cacao diseases

Like other crops cocoa can be attacked by a number of pest species including fungal diseases, insects and rodents \- some of which (e.g. frosty pod rot and cocoa pod borer) have increased dramatically in geographical range and are sometimes described as "invasive species".[1]

## Bacterial diseases[edit]

Bacterial diseases

Crown gall | Agrobacterium tumefaciens (artificial inoculations)  |
Stripe  | Pectobacterium carotovorum |

## Fungal diseases[edit]

Fungal and Oomycete diseases

Anthracnose | Glomerella cingulata
Armillaria root rot  | Armillaria mellea
Black pod disease |

Phytophthora capsici
Phytophthora citrophthora
Phytophthora heveae
Phytophthora megakarya
Phytophthora palmivora

Black root  |

Rosellinia bunodes
Rosellinia pepo

Brown root  | Phellinus noxius
Canker |

Phytophthora citrophthora
Phytophthora palmivora
Ceratocystis fimbriata

Ceratocystis wilt  |

Ceratocystis cacaofunesta
Ceratocystis moniliformis
Ceratocystis paradoxa

Collar crack  |

Armillariella mellea
Armillariella tabescens

Collar rot | Ustulina deusta
Cushion gall (green-point gall)  |

Nectria rigidiuscula
= Fusarium decemcellulare

Dieback | Physiological, stress induced, more than 80 fungal species associated with this syndrome
Frosty pod  | Moniliophthora roreri
Horse hair blight  | Crinipellis sarmentosa
Lasiodiplodia pod rot  |

Lasiodiplodia theobromae
= Botryodiplodia theobromae

Leaf anthracnose  | Colletotrichum spp.
Macrophoma pod rot  | Macrophoma spp.
Moniliophthora pod rot  | Moniliophthora roreri
Phytophthora pod rot  |

Phytophthora capsici
Phytophthora citrophthora
Phytophthora hevae
Phytophthora megakarya
Phytophthora palmivora

Pink disease  | Erythricium salmonicolor
Sudden death  |

Verticillium dahliae
Mycoleptodiscus terrestris

Thread blight  | Ceratobasidium koleroga
Trachysphaera pot rot (mealy pod)  | Trachysphaera fructigena
Vascular streak dieback  | Oncobasidium theobromae
Violet root rot  |

Nectria mauritiicola
= Sphaerostilbe repens

Wet root rot  | Ganoderma philippii
White root rot  |

Rigidoporus microporus
= Rigidoporus lignosus

White thread  | Marasmiellus scandens
Witch's broom | Moniliophthora perniciosa

## Miscellaneous diseases[edit]

Miscellaneous diseases

Algal disease  | Cephaleuros virescens |
Cherelle wilt | Physiological, no specific pathogen involved  |

## Insect pests[edit]

* Cocoa mirids or capsids worldwide (but especially Sahlbergella singularis and Distantiella theobroma in West Africa and Helopeltis spp. in Southeast Asia)
* Bathycoelia thalassina \- West Africa
* Conopomorpha cramerella (cocoa pod borer – in Southeast Asia)
* Carmenta theobromae \- C. & S. America

## Nematodes, parasitic[edit]

Nematodes, parasitic

Awl nematode  | Dolichodorus spp.  |
Cyst nematode  | Heterodera spp.  |
Dagger nematode  | Xiphinema spp.  |
Lesion nematode  | Pratylenchus spp.  |
Reniform nematode  | Rotylenchulus spp.  |
Ring nematode  | Hoplolaimus spp.  |
Root-knot nematode  | Meloidogyne spp.  |
Spiral nematode  | Helicotylenchus spp.  |
Stubby root nematode  | Trichodorus spp.  |  |

## Parasitic plants[edit]

Mistletoes

Dendrophthora spp. |
Loranthus spp. |
Oryctanthus spp. |
Phoradendron spp. |
Phthirusa spp. |
Tapinanthus spp. |

## Viral and viroid diseases[edit]

Viral and viroid diseases

Cacao swollen shoot virus (CSSV) |
Cacao yellow mosaic virus (CYMV) |
Cocoa necrosis virus (CNV) |

## References[edit]

1. ^ "The World's Worst Cocoa Problems". www.dropdata.org. Retrieved 24 June 2018.

* Common Names of Diseases, The American Phytopathological Society
* IPARC Guide to cocoa pests and their management.