List of chemical warfare agents

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Chemical agents
Lethal agents

Blood

* Cyanogen chloride (CK)
* Hydrogen cyanide (AC)
* Arsine (SA)

Blister

* Ethyldichloroarsine (ED)
* Methyldichloroarsine (MD)
* Phenyldichloroarsine (PD)
* Lewisite (L)
* Mustard gas
(HD H HT HL HQ)

* Nitrogen mustard

* HN1
* HN2
* HN3

* Phosgene oxime (CX)
* C01-A035
* C01-A039

Nerve

|  G-agents

* Tabun (GA)
* Sarin (GB)
* Chlorosarin (GC)
* Soman (GD)
* Ethylsarin (GE)
* Cyclosarin (GF)
* GV

V-agents

* EA-3148
* V-sub x/GD-7
* VE
* VG
* VM
* VP
* VR
* VS
* VX

Novichok agents

* A-230
* A-232
* A-234
* A-242
* A-262
* C01-A035
* C01-A039
* C01-A042

Pulmonary/choking

* Chlorine
* Chloropicrin (PS)
* Phosgene (CG)

* Diphosgene (DP)
* Disulfur decafluoride

Vomiting

* Adamsite
* Chloropicrin
* Diphenylchlorarsine
* Diphenylcyanoarsine

Incapacitating agents

* Agent 15 (BZ)
* Dimethylheptylpyran (DMHP)

* EA-3167
* Kolokol-1

* PAVA spray
* Sleeping gas

Riot-control (RCAs)

* Xylyl bromide
* Pepper spray (OC)
* CS
* CN (mace)
* CR

* List of chemical warfare agents

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A chemical weapon agent (CWA), or chemical warfare agent, is a chemical substance whose toxic properties are meant to kill, injure or incapacitate human beings. About 70 different chemicals have been used or stockpiled as chemical weapon agents during the 20th century, although the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) has an online database listing 35,942 chemicals which may be used as weapons.[1] These agents may be in liquid, gas or solid form.

In general, chemical weapon agents are organized into several categories (according to the physiological manner in which they affect the human body). They may also be divided by tactical purpose or chemical structure. The names and number of categories may vary slightly from source to source, but, in general, the different types of chemical warfare agents are listed below.

## Harassing agents

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These are substances that are not intended to kill or injure. They are often referred to as Riot Control Agents (RCAs) and may be used by civilian police forces against criminals and rioters, or in the military for training purposes. These agents also have tactical utility to force combatants out of concealed or covered positions for conventional engagement, and preventing combatants from occupying contaminated terrain or operating weapons. In general, harassing agents are sensory irritants that have fleeting concentration dependent effects that resolve within minutes after removal. Casualty effects are not anticipated to exceed 24-hours nor require medical attention.

### Tear agents

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Main article: Lachrymatory agent

These sensory irritants produce immediate pain to the eyes and irritate mucous membranes (aka lachrymatory agent or lachrymator).

* Benzyl chloride
* Benzyl bromide
* Bromoacetone (BA)
* Bromobenzyl cyanide (CA)[2]
* Bromomethyl ethyl ketone
* Capsaicin (OC)
* Chloracetophenone (MACE; CN)
* Chloromethyl chloroformate
* Dibenzoxazepine (CR)
* Ethyl iodoacetate
* Ortho-chlorobenzylidene malononitrile (Super tear gas; CS)
* Trichloromethyl chloroformate
* Xylyl bromide[3]

### Vomiting agents

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These sensory irritants are also termed sternators or nose irritants. They irritate the mucous membranes to produce congestion, coughing, sneezing, and eventually nausea.

* Adamsite (DM)
* Diphenylchloroarsine (DA)
* Diphenylcyanoarsine (DC)
* cyanide

### Malodorants

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Main article: Malodorant

These are compounds with a very strong and unpleasant smell, which produce powerfully aversive effects without the toxic effects of tear agents or vomiting agents.

## Incapacitating agents

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These are substances that produce debilitating effects with limited probability of permanent injury or loss of life. The casualty effects typically last over 24 hours, and though medical evacuation and isolation is recommended, it is not required for complete recovery. These, together with harassing agents, are sometimes called nonlethal agents. There may be as high as 5% fatalities with the use of these agents.

### Psychological agents

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These are substances that produce casualty effects through mental disturbances such as delirium or hallucination.

* 3-Quinuclidinyl benzilate (BZ)
* Phencyclidine (SN)
* Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD)

### Other incapacitating agents

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These substances have also been investigated as incapacitants, though they operate more through interactions outside the central nervous system.

* KOLOKOL-1 (tranquilizer)

## Lethal agents

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These substances are for producing chemical casualties without regard to long-term consequences or loss of life. They cause injuries that require medical treatment.

### Blister agents

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Main article: Blister agent

A blister agent is a chemical compound that irritates and causes injury to the skin. These substances also attack the eyes, or any other tissue they contact.

#### Vesicants

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The vesicants are substances that produce large fluid-filled blisters on the skin.

##### Nitrogen mustards

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Main article: Nitrogen mustard

* Bis(2-chloroethyl)ethylamine (HN1)
* Bis(2-chloroethyl)methylamine (HN2)
* Tris(2-chloroethyl)amine (HN3)

##### Sulfur mustards

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Main article: Mustard gas

* 1,2-Bis(2-chloroethylthio) ethane (Sesquimustard; Q)
* 1,3-Bis(2-chloroethylthio)-n-propane
* 1,4-Bis(2-chloroethylthio)-n-butane
* 1,5-Bis(2-chloroethylthio)-n-pentane
* 2-Chloroethylchloromethylsulfide
* Bis(2-chloroethyl) sulfide (Mustard gas; HD)
* Bis(2-chloroethylthio) methane
* Bis(2-chloroethylthiomethyl) ether
* Bis(2-chloroethylthioethyl) ether (O Mustard; T)

##### Arsenicals

[edit]

* Ethyldichloroarsine (ED)
* Methyldichloroarsine (MD)
* Phenyldichloroarsine (PD)
* 2-Chlorovinyldichloroarsine (Lewisite; L)

#### Urticants

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The urticants are substances that produce a painful wheal on the skin. These are sometimes termed skin necrotizers and are known as the most painful substances produced.[according to whom?]

* Phosgene oxime (CX)

### Blood agents

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Main article: Blood agent

These substances are metabolic poisons that interfere with the life-sustaining processes of the blood.

* Cyanogen chloride (CK)
* Hydrogen cyanide (AC)
* Arsine (SA)

### Choking agents

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Main article: Pulmonary agent

These substances are sometime referred to as pulmonary agent or lung irritants and cause injury to the lung-blood barrier resulting in Asphyxia.

* Chlorine (CL)
* Chloropicrin (PS)
* Diphosgene (DP)
* Phosgene (CG)
* carbon monoxide

### Nerve agents

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Main article: Nerve agent

Nerve agents are substances that disrupt the chemical communications through the nervous system. One mechanism of disruption, utilized by the G, GV, and V series of chemicals is caused by blocking the acetylcholinesterase, an enzyme that normally destroys and stops the activity of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter. Poisoning by these nerve agents leads to an accumulation of acetylcholine at the nerve axon, producing a perpetual excited state in the nerve (e.g. constant muscle contraction). The eventual exhaustion of muscles leads to respiratory failure and death. A separate class of nerve agents are related to Tetrodotoxin, frequently abbreviated as TTX, is a potent neurotoxin with no known antidote. Tetrodotoxin blocks action potentials in nerves by binding to the voltage-gated, fast sodium channels in nerve cell membranes, essentially preventing any affected nerve cells from firing by blocking the channels used in the process.

#### G series

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These are high volatility nerve agents that are typically used for a nonpersistent to semipersistent effect.

* Tabun (GA)
* Sarin (GB)
* Soman (GD)
* Cyclosarin (GF)

#### GV series

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These agents have a volatility between the V and G agents and are typically used for a semi-persistent to persistent effect.

* Novichok agents
* GV (nerve agent)

#### V series

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These agents have low volatility and are typically used for a persistent effect or liquid contact hazard.

* VE
* VG
* VM
* VX

#### T series

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These agents are related to the puffer fish

* Tetrodotoxin
* Saxitoxin (TZ)

#### Other

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* Botulinum toxin

## See also

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* Chemical warfare
* Chemical weapon
* List of highly toxic gases
* Psychochemical warfare
* List of psychoactive drugs used by militaries

## References

[edit]

1. ^ OPCW's Hanbook on Chemicals
2. ^ Chemical Warfare Bulletin. Vol 12. p 312.
3. ^ Chris Trueman. "Poison Gas and World war One". History Learning Site. Retrieved 2010-08-26.

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* Agents used in chemical warfare
* incapacitation
* riot control

Blood agents|

* Cyanogen
* Cyanogen bromide
* Cyanogen chloride (CK)
* Hydrogen cyanide (AC)
* Arsine
* Cacodyl cyanide
* Cacodyl oxide
* Hydrogen sulfide
* Phosphine
* Carbon monoxide
* Phosphorus trifluoride
* Methyl cyanoformate
* Iron pentacarbonyl
* Nickel tetracarbonyl
* 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin
* Glycolonitrile
* Lactonitrile
* Acetone cyanohydrin
* Stibine
* Chloral cyanohydrin

Blister agents|

| Arsenicals|

* Ethyldichloroarsine (ED)
* Methyldichloroarsine (MD)
* Phenyldichloroarsine (PD)
* Lewisite (L)
* Lewisite 2 (L2)
* Lewisite 3 (L3)

|

Sulfur mustards|

* Levinstein mustard (EA-229)
* T
* Q
* CEES

Nitrogen mustards|

* HN1
* HN2
* HN3
* TL-301

Nettle agents|

* Phosgene oxime (CX)

Other|

* KB-16
* Dibutylchloromethyltin chloride
* Selenium oxychloride
* Phenacyl bromide
* Dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate
* Dimethyl fumarate
* Chalcone hydrazone
* Methylnitronitrosoguanidine
* Norcantharidin
* Cantharidin
* T-2 mycotoxin

Nerve agents|

| G-agents|

* Tabun (GA)
* Sarin (GB)
* Chlorosarin (ClGB)
* Thiosarin (SGB)
* Soman (GD)
* Chlorosoman (ClGD)
* Ethylsarin (GE)
* GH
* Cyclosarin (GF)
* GP
* Fluorotabun
* EA-1356
* EA-4352
* Crotylsarin

|

V-agents|

* EA-2192
* EA-3148
* VE
* VG
* VM
* VP
* VR
* VS
* VX
* EA-1763
* Chinese VX
* V-sub x (GD-7)

GV agents|

* GV (EA-5365)

Novichok agents|

* A-208
* A-232
* A-234
* A-242
* A-262
* C01-A035
* C01-A039
* C01-A042

Carbamates|

* Dimethylcarbamoyl fluoride
* EA-3887
* EA-3887A
* EA-3966
* EA-3990
* EA-4056
* T-1123
* T-1152
* T-1194
* Octamethylene-bis(5-dimethylcarbamoxyisoquinolinium bromide)
* TL-599
* TL-1238
* TL-1299
* TL-1317
* Miotine (AR-28/T-1843)
* 3152 CT
* 4-686-293-01 (Agent 1-10)

Other|

* Diisopropyl fluorophosphate
* Dicyclohexyl phosphorofluoridate
* EA-2012
* EA-2054
* EA-2098
* EA-2613
* 2-Ethoxycarbonyl-1-methylvinyl cyclohexyl methylphosphonate
* Neopentylene fluorophosphate
* Selenophos
* Phospholine
* R-16661
* Ro 3-0422
* Methanesulfonyl fluoride
* Dimefox (TL-792)
* MSPI

Precursors|

* Acetonitrile
* AT
* ATO
* AlP
* A.P.C. complex
* Chlorosarin
* Chlorosoman
* Cyclohexanol
* 1,8-Dibromooctane
* N,N-Diisopropylaminoethanol (KB)
* EA-1250
* DIHP
* ZS
* DEHP
* EA-1224
* Dimethylamidophosphoric dichloride
* Dimethylamidophosphoric dicyanide
* DMHP
* Ethylphosphonoselenoic dichloride
* Formaldoxime
* Nital
* 4-Hydroxycoumarin
* Isopropyl alcohol (TB)
* Methyldichlorophosphine (SW)
* Methylphosphonyl difluoride (difluoro) (DF)
* Methylphosphonyl dichloride (dichloro)
* Nitromethane
* OPA mixture
* Phosphoryl chloride
* Phosphorus pentachloride
* Phosphorus trichloride (TH)
* Pinacolone
* Pinacolyl alcohol
* Phenacyl chloride
* QL
* QL sulfide
* 2,4,5-Trichlorophenol
* 3,3,5-Trimethylcyclohexanol
* Triethyl phosphite
* Trimethyl phosphite
* TC
* TG

Neurotoxins|

* Anatoxin-a
* Saxitoxin (TZ)
* Coniine
* Bungarotoxin
* Botulinum toxin (BTX)
* Tetanospasmin (TeNT)
* Ryanodine
* Ciguatoxin (CTX)
* Guanitoxin (GTX)
* Chlorophenylsilatrane
* Palytoxin (PTX)
* Maitotoxin (MTX)
* Tetrodotoxin
* Veratridine
* Aconitine
* Brevetoxin (PbTX)
* Strychnine
* Antillatoxin (ATX)
* Tetraethyllead
* Dimethylmercury
* HN1 hydrochloride
* HN2 hydrochloride
* HN3 hydrochloride
* A-8564
* Picrotoxin
* Gelsemine
* Sulfuryl fluoride
* Tremorine
* Oxotremorine
* Batrachotoxin
* Tetramethylenedisulfotetramine (TETS)
* Bicyclic phosphates
* IPTBO
* TBPO
* TBPS
* Cloflubicyne
* Trimethylolpropane phosphite
* Domoic acid

Pulmonary/
choking agents|

* Chlorine
* Bromine
* Phosgene (CG)
* Fluorine
* Perfluoroisobutene
* Chloropicrin (PS)
* Dimethyl(trifluoromethylthio)arsine
* Diphosgene (DP)
* Disulfur decafluoride (Z)
* Acrolein
* Ethyl bromoacetate
* Perchloromethyl mercaptan
* Phenylcarbylamine chloride
* Tetranitromethane
* Tetrachlorodinitroethane
* Chlorine trifluoride
* Perchloryl fluoride
* Cadmium oxide
* Cadmium chloride
* Mercuric chloride
* Selenium dioxide
* Selenoyl fluoride
* Trifluoronitrosomethane
* Trichloronitrosomethane
* Nitric oxide
* Nitrogen dioxide
* Dinitrogen tetroxide
* Sulfur dioxide
* Phosphorus trichloride
* Methyl isocyanate
* Ethenone
* Methyl vinyl ketone
* Trifluoroacetyl chloride
* Salcomine
* Fluomine
* Uranium hexafluoride
* Diborane
* Green Cross

Vomiting agents|

* Adamsite (DM)
* Chloropicrin
* Litharge-glycerine
* Diphenylchlorarsine
* Diphenylcyanoarsine
* Cacodyl cyanide
* o-Dianisidine
* Antimony potassium tartrate
* Lobeline

Incapacitating
agents|

* BZ (CS-4030)
* Apomorphine
* Butyrophenone
* EA-4941 (CS-4640)
* Etorphine
* EA-2092
* CS-4297
* Etoxadrol
* Dimethylheptylpyran (DMHP)
* Canbisol
* EA-2148
* EA-3167
* Nicotine
* EA-3443
* Methaqualone
* Pethidine
* EA-3580
* Ibogaine
* EA-3834
* Kolokol-1
* LSD-25
* PAVA spray
* Psilocybin
* Sleeping gas
* Carfentanil
* JB-318
* JB-336
* CS-27349
* CAR-226,086
* CAR-301,060
* CAR-302,196
* CAR-302,282
* CAR-302,668
* Benperidol
* Desflurane
* Enflurane
* Bufotenin
* Isoflurane
* Halothane
* Sevoflurane
* Pentazocine
* Procarbazine
* Fluphenazine
* Chlorpromazine

Lachrymatory
agents|

* Xylyl bromide
* Pepper spray (OC)
* Mace (spray)
* Phorbol esters
* Ingenol mebutate
* RTX
* CN
* CS
* CR
* CNS
* Benzyl chloride
* Benzyl bromide
* Benzyl iodide
* Bromobenzyl cyanide
* Thiophosgene
* Chloroacetone
* Bromoacetone
* Bromomethyl ethyl ketone
* Acrolein
* Phenacyl bromide
* Chloroacetophenone oxime
* Ethyl bromoacetate
* Ethyl iodoacetate
* Iodoacetone
* Allyl isothiocyanate
* Hexamethylene diisocyanate
* Crotonaldehyde
* Croton oil
* DRC-5593

Malodorant agents|

* Thioacetone
* Allicin
* Skatole
* Cadaverine
* Putrescine

Cornea-clouding agents|

* Lewisite
* CX
* KB-16
* Methyl cyanoacrylate
* N-Methylmorpholine
* Allyl alcohol
* Osmium tetroxide
* Acrolein
* Cacodyl cyanide
* Diglycolic acid esters

Biological toxins|

* Abrin
* Aconitine
* Cyclopiazonic acid
* Histrionicotoxins
* Aflatoxins
* Anatoxin-a
* Batrachotoxin
* Botulinum toxin
* Brevetoxin
* Ciguatoxin
* Domoic acid
* Enterotoxin type B
* Grayanotoxin
* Guanitoxin
* Maitotoxin
* Modeccin
* Palytoxin
* Ricin
* Saxitoxin
* Shiga toxin
* T-2 mycotoxin
* Tetanospasmin
* Tetrodotoxin
* Volkensin
* Veratridine

Tumor promoting agents|

* Phorbol esters
* 12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate
* Croton oil

Other|

* Methyl fluoroacetate
* Napalm (variants and mixtures)
* Fluoroethyl fluoroacetate
* Depleted uranium
* post-combustion uranium oxides
* Plutonium and its compounds
* Polonium
* White phosphorus

* List of chemical warfare agents
* CB military symbol

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United States chemical weapons program

Units, formations,
centers and institutes|

* 2nd Chemical Battalion
* U.S. Army Chemical Corps
* U.S. Army Edgewood Chemical Biological Center
* U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense (USAMRICD)
* U.S. Army Chemical Materials Activity
* Program Executive Office, Assembled Chemical Weapons Alternatives
* Chemical mortar battalion

Industrial facilities|

* Anniston Army Depot
* Anniston Chemical Activity
* Blue Grass Army Depot
* Deseret Chemical Depot
* Edgewood Chemical Activity
* Hawthorne Army Depot
* Johnston Atoll Chemical Agent Disposal System
* Newport Chemical Depot
* Pine Bluff Chemical Activity
* Pueblo Chemical Depot
* Tooele Chemical Agent Disposal Facility
* Umatilla Chemical Depot

Operations
and projects|

| Research|

* Edgewood Arsenal human experiments
* Operation Top Hat
* Project 112
* Project SHAD
* Operation LAC

|

Operational|

* Operation Ranch Hand

Disposal|

* Operation CHASE
* Operation Davy Jones' Locker
* Operation Geranium
* Operation Steel Box
* Operation Red Hat

Agents|

* 3-Quinuclidinyl benzilate (BZ)
* Chlorine
* Methylphosphonyl difluoride (DF)
* Phosgene
* QL
* Sarin (GB)
* Mustard gas (HD)
* VX

Munitions|

* BLU-80/B Bigeye bomb
* M1 chemical mine
* M104 155 mm projectile
* M110 155 mm projectile
* M121 155 mm projectile
* M125 bomblet
* M134 bomblet
* M138 bomblet
* M139 bomblet
* M2 mortar
* M23 chemical mine
* M34 cluster bomb
* M360 105 mm projectile
* M426 8-inch shell
* M43 BZ cluster bomb
* M44 generator cluster
* M55 rocket
* M60 105 mm projectile
* M687 155 mm projectile
* XM736 8-inch projectile
* MC-1 bomb
* M47 bomb
* Weteye bomb

Protective equipment|

* CAIS
* M93 Fox
* MOPP
* People sniffer
* M1135 NBCRV

Related topics|

* CB military symbol
* Dugway sheep incident
* Unethical human experimentation in the United States
* MKULTRA

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