List of cities by GDP

This article may be confusing or unclear to readers. In particular, varying definitions of 'city' across countries and time make the data nearly unusable for comparison. The list should focus on sources with consistent definitions, excluding others.. Please help clarify the article. There might be a discussion about this on the talk page. (October 2024) (Learn how and when to remove this message)

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As of 2025[update], the New York metropolitan area is the world’s principal fintech and financial center[1][2] and the largest metropolitan economy in the world, with a nominal gross metropolitan product of over US$2.5 trillion.[3]

This is a list of cities in the world by nominal gross domestic product (GDP). The United Nations uses three definitions for what constitutes a city, as not all cities may be classified using the same criteria. Cities may be defined as the cities proper, by the extent of their urban area, or their metropolitan regions.[4] The methodology of calculating GDP may differ between the studies and are widely based on projections and sometimes approximate estimations, notably for cities that are not within the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Refer to sources for more information. GDP for cities that have different sources might not be comparable as the definition of a city differs between them.

## List

[edit]

This section needs to be updated. The reason given is: Brazilian cities are all some years out of date. See talk page for more issues, e.g. regarding Moscow.. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (September 2024)

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Cities by GDP  City proper/metropolitan area | Country/region  | GDP
(billion US$)  | Population

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A Coruña metropolitan area |  Spain | 32.344 (2021)[5] | 1,121,758 (2021)[6]
Aachen |  Germany | 27.092 (2021)[5] | 556,631 (2021)[6]
Aalborg |  Denmark | 30.46 (2022)[5] | 591,740 (2022)[6]
Aarhus |  Denmark | 53.383 (2022)[5] | 913,861 (2022)[6]
Abbotsford, British Columbia |  Canada | 7.435 (2021)[7] | 205,834 (2021)[8]
Aberdeen, Scotland |  United Kingdom | 25.129 (2023)[9][10] | 492,070 (2023)[9]
Abidjan |  Ivory Coast | 27 (2017)[11] | 5,600,000 (2020)[12]
Abilene, TX MSA |  United States | 10.306623 (2023)[13] | 181,591 (2023)[14]
Abu Dhabi metropolitan area |  United Arab Emirates | 277.93 (2023)[15] | 1,740,000 (2023)[16]
Addis Ababa |  Ethiopia | 61.2 (2023)[17] | 5,400,000 (2023)[17]
Adelaide |  Australia | 64.461 (2018–19)[18] | 1,344,368 (2018–19)[19]
Ahmedabad |  India | 136.1 (2023)[20] | 9,300,000 (2023)[16]
Aix-Marseille-Provence Metropolis |  France | 148.289 (2021)[5] | 3,146,578 (2021)[6]
Akron, OH MSA |  United States | 47.285487 (2023)[13] | 698,398 (2023)[14]
Albany, GA MSA |  United States | 7.782093 (2023)[13] | 145,508 (2023)[14]
Albany-Lebanon, OR MSA |  United States | 6.441520 (2023)[13] | 130,467 (2022)[14]
Albany-Schenectady-Troy, NY MSA |  United States | 84.910398 (2023)[13] | 1,238,717 (2023)[14]
Albuquerque, NM MSA |  United States | 59.382941 (2023)[13] | 922,296 (2023)[14]
Alexandria |  Egypt | 36.000 (2021)[21] | 5,950,000 (2021)[22]
Alexandria, LA MSA |  United States | 7.753574 (2023)[13] | 148,171 (2023)[14]
Alicante metropolitan area |  Spain | 44.091 (2021)[5] | 1,895,192 (2021)[6]
Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA-NJ MSA |  United States | 59.890990 (2023)[13] | 873,555 (2023)[14]
Almaty |  Kazakhstan | 61.406 (2024)[23] | 2,625,000 (2024)[24]
Altoona, PA MSA |  United States | 7.681160 (2023)[13] | 120,273 (2023)[14]
Alxa[25] |  China | 5.808 (2024)  | 268,850 (2024)
Amarillo, TX MSA |  United States | 18.913682 (2023)[13] | 272,395 (2023)[14]
Ames, IA MSA |  United States | 8.615031 (2023)[13] | 125,156 (2023)[14]
Amiens |  France | 19.467 (2021)[5] | 567,745 (2021)[6]
Amsterdam metropolitan area |  Netherlands | 237.841 (2021)[5] | 3,316,712 (2021)[6]
Anápolis |  Brazil | 6.740 (2011)[26] | 398,869 (2022)[27]
Anchorage, AK MSA |  United States | 34.065381 (2023)[13] | 401,314 (2023)[14]
Angers Loire Métropole |  France | 29.514 (2021)[5] | 822,488 (2021)[6]
Ankara |  Turkey | 74.83 (2021)[28] | 5,150,000 (2021)[22]
Ann Arbor, MI MSA |  United States | 33.013856 (2023)[13] | 365,536 (2023)[14]
Annecy |  France | 30.128 (2021)[5] | 841,639 (2021)[6]
Anniston-Oxford, AL MSA |  United States | 5.891059 (2023)[13] | 116,429 (2023)[14]
Anshan |  China | 80.968 (2020)[29] | 2,625,000 (2020)[12]
Antwerp metropolitan area |  Belgium | 65.467 (2022)[5] | 1,067,117 (2022)[6]
Appleton, Wisconsin metropolitan area |  United States | 18.532326 (2023)[13] | 246,433 (2023)[14]
Arnhem–Nijmegen metropolitan area |  Netherlands | 37.694 (2021)[5] | 744,715 (2021)[6]
Asheville, NC MSA |  United States | 29.014297 (2023)[13] | 417,202 (2023)[14]
Astana |  Kazakhstan | 32.517 (2024)[23] | 1,530,000 (2024)[24]
Asturias metropolitan area |  Spain | 27.853 (2021)[5] | 1,012,889 (2021)[6]
Athens Metropolitan Area |  Greece | 97.709 (2021)[5] | 3,547,391 (2021)[6]
Athens-Clarke County, GA MSA |  United States | 13.768348 (2023)[13] | 222,060 (2023)[14]
Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Roswell, GA (Metropolitan Statistical Area) |  United States | 570.662834 (2023)[13] | 6,100,000 (2023)[16]
Atlantic City-Hammonton, NJ MSA |  United States | 18.726628 (2023)[13] | 369,823 (2023)[14]
Auburn-Opelika, AL MSA |  United States | 8.799349 (2023)[13] | 201,585 (2023)[14]
Auckland |  New Zealand | 88.540 (2024)[30] | 1,480,000 (2024)[24]
Augusta-Richmond County, GA-SC MSA |  United States | 37.292712 (2023)[13] | 629,429 (2023)[14]
Austin-Round Rock, TX (Metropolitan Statistical Area) |  United States | 248.109564 (2023)[13] | 2,175,000 (2023)[16]
Bakersfield, CA MSA |  United States | 59.846810 (2023)[13] | 916,108 (2022)[14]
Balikpapan-Samarinda Metropolitan |  Indonesia | 29.901 (2021)[31] | 2,621,877 (2021)[31]
Ballarat |  Australia | 4.460 (2018–19)[18] | 108,491 (2018–19)[32]
Baltimore-Columbia-Towson, MD (Metropolitan Statistical Area) |  United States | 259.690214 (2023)[13] | 2,834,316 (2023)[14]
Bandung Metropolitan |  Indonesia | 38.290 (2021)[33] | 7,050,000 (2021)[22]
Bangkok Metropolitan Region |  Thailand | 252.128 (2022)[34] | 19,900,000 (2022)[35]
Bangor, ME MSA |  United States | 9.020616 (2023)[13] | 155,312 (2023)[14]
Banjarmasin Metropolitan |  Indonesia | 6.017 (2021)[36] | 2,164,485 (2021)[36]
Baotou[37][38] |  China | 64.242 (2024)  | 2,766,900 (2024)
Barcelona metropolitan area |  Spain | 205.461 (2021)[5] | 5,639,523 (2021)[6]
Barnstable Town, MA MSA |  United States | 18.186673 (2023)[13] | 231,735 (2023)[14]
Barrie |  Canada | 7.646 (2021)[7] | 221,954 (2021)[8]
Batam Metropolitan |  Indonesia | 16.006 (2021)[39] | 1,450,000 (2021)[22]
Baton Rouge, LA MSA |  United States | 68.827180 (2023)[13] | 873,661 (2023)[14]
Battle Creek, MI MSA |  United States | 8.543282 (2023)[13] | 133,366 (2023)[14]
Bay City, MI MSA |  United States | 4.507259 (2023)[13] | 102,500 (2023)[14]
Beaumont-Port Arthur, TX MSA |  United States | 31.114626 (2023)[13] | 395,479 (2023)[14]
Beckley, WV MSA |  United States | 5.541536 (2023)[13] | 111,428 (2023)[14]
Belfast |  United Kingdom | 24.446 (2023)[9][10] | 348,005 (2022)[9]
Belgrade |  Serbia | 25.31 (2021)[40] | 1,430,000 (2021)[22]
Belleville, Ontario |  Canada | 4.512 (2021)[7] | 113,875 (2021)[8]
Bellingham, WA MSA |  United States | 21.489731 (2023)[13] | 231,919 (2023)[14]
Belo Horizonte |  Brazil | 54.996 (2011)[26] | 6,006,887 (2022)[41]
Bend, OR MSA |  United States | 15.445974 (2023)[13] | 260,919 (2023)[14]
Bendigo |  Australia | 3.961 (2018–19)[18] | 99,416 (2018–19)[42]
Bengaluru |  India | 359.9 (2023)[43] | 13,700,000 (2023)[16]
Bergamo metropolitan area |  Italy | 46.79 (2021)[5] | 1,103,556 (2021)[6]
Bergen Region |  Norway | 43.188 (2021)[5] | 638,821 (2021)[6]
Berlin/Brandenburg Metropolitan Region |  Germany | 329.5772 (2024)[44][45] | 6,216,845 (2023)[44]
Bern metropolitan area |  Switzerland | 92.957 (2021)[5] | 1,043,132 (2021)[6]
Bhopal |  India | 5.35 (2023)[46] | 2,600,000 (2023)[16]
Białystok metropolitan area |  Poland | 7.631 (2021)[5] | 488,942 (2021)[6]
Bielefeld |  Germany | 17.56 (2021)[5] | 333,509 (2021)[6]
Bilbao metropolitan area |  Spain | 41.923 (2021)[5] | 1,139,871 (2021)[6]
Billings, MT MSA |  United States | 14.407832 (2023)[13] | 191,435 (2023)[14]
Binghamton, NY MSA |  United States | 12.927169 (2023)[13] | 243,792 (2023)[14]
Birmingham (West Midlands)  |  United Kingdom | 242.839 (2023)[9][10] | 6,085,687 (2023)[9]
Birmingham-Hoover, AL MSA |  United States | 84.566170 (2023)[13] | 1,116,857 (2022)[14]
Bismarck, ND MSA |  United States | 9.430711 (2023)[13] | 135,786 (2023)[14]
Blacksburg-Christiansburg, VA MSA |  United States | 10.166304 (2023)[13] | 165,812 (2022)[14]
Bloomington, IL MSA |  United States | 15.005648 (2023)[13] | 170,441 (2023)[14]
Bloomington, IN MSA |  United States | 9.641723 (2023)[13] | 160,874 (2023)[14]
Bloomsburg-Berwick, PA MSA |  United States | 5.613010 (2023)[13] | 83,017 (2022)[14]
Bocholt metropolitan area |  Germany | 17.907 (2021)[5] | 371,898 (2021)[6]
Boise, ID MSA |  United States | 55.331136 (2023)[13] | 824,657 (2023)[14]
Bologna metropolitan area |  Italy | 51.008 (2021)[5] | 1,015,608 (2021)[6]
Bordeaux |  France | 72.475 (2021)[5] | 1,661,929 (2021)[6]
Boston-Cambridge-Newton, MA-NH (Metropolitan Statistical Area) |  United States | 610.486075 (2023)[13] | 4,919,179 (2023)[14]
Boulder, CO MSA |  United States | 37.662897 (2023)[13] | 326,831 (2023)[14]
Bournemouth, Christchurch, Dorset and Poole |  United Kingdom | 18.621 (2023)[9][10] | 404,050 (2023)[9]
Bowling Green, KY MSA |  United States | 11.830435 (2023)[13] | 188,840 (2023)[14]
Brantford |  Canada | 5.385 (2021)[7] | 154,782 (2021)[8]
Brasília |  Brazil | 65.338 (2015)(8th)  | 4,627,771 (2019)[47]
Brașov |  Romania | 9.347 (2021)[5] | 553,256 (2021)[6]
Bratislava metropolitan area |  Slovakia | 32.338 (2022)[5] | 723,714 (2022)[6]
Breda |  Netherlands | 38.136 (2021)[5] | 637,031 (2021)[6]
Bremen |  Germany | 63 (2021)[5] | 1,278,848 (2021)[6]
Bremerhaven |  Germany | 11.14 (2021)[5] | 312,383 (2021)[6]
Bremerton-Silverdale-Port Orchard, WA MSA |  United States | 17.319445 (2023)[13] | 277,658 (2023)[14]
Brescia metropolitan area |  Italy | 53.728 (2021)[5] | 1,255,709 (2021)[6]
Brest Métropole |  France | 32.208 (2021)[5] | 919,983 (2021)[6]
Bridgeport-Stamford-Norwalk, CT (Metropolitan Statistical Area) |  United States | 116.030979 (2023)[13] | 962,946 (2022)[14]
Brighton & Hove |  United Kingdom | 16.510 (2023)[9][10] | 279,637 (2023)[9]
Brisbane |  Australia | 177 (2018–19)[18] | 2,388,038 (2018–19)[48]
Bristol |  United Kingdom | 28.328 (2023)[9][10] | 482,998 (2023)[9]
Brno |  Czech Republic | 31.944 (2022)[5] | 1,184,568 (2022)[6]
Brownsville-Harlingen, TX MSA |  United States | 15.602248 (2023)[13] | 426,710 (2023)[14]
Brunswick, GA MSA |  United States | 6.444126 (2023)[13] | 114,442 (2022)[14]
Brussels metropolitan area |  Belgium | 211.091 (2022)[5] | 3,348,154 (2022)[6]
Bucharest Metropolitan Area |  Romania | 79.977 (2021)[49] | 2,327,057 (2021)[6]
Budapest metropolitan area |  Hungary | 86.176 (2022)[5] | 3,031,887 (2022)[6]
Buffalo-Niagara Falls, NY (Metropolitan Statistical Area) |  United States | 90.716457 (2023)[13] | 1,155,604 (2023)[14]
Burlington, NC MSA |  United States | 8.624438 (2023)[13] | 179,165 (2023)[14]
Burlington-South Burlington, VT MSA |  United States | 18.671208 (2023)[13] | 227,942 (2023)[14]
Bursa |  Turkey | 33.641 (2021)[50] | 2,125,000 (2021)[22]
Busan-Gyeongnam Area |  South Korea | 252.145 (2022)[34] | 5,115,000 (2022)[35]
Bydgoszcz–Toruń metropolitan area |  Poland | 14.079 (2021)[5] | 751,413 (2021)[6]
Cádiz-Jerez metropolitan area |  Spain | 26.772 (2021)[5] | 1,258,153 (2021)[6]
Caen |  France | 25.18 (2021)[5] | 695,207 (2021)[6]
Cairns |  Australia | 10.709 (2018–19)[18] | 153,951 (2019)[51]
Calgary Metropolitan Region |  Canada | 92.109 (2021)[7] | 1,558,588 (2021)[8]
California-Lexington Park, MD MSA |  United States | 9.882630 (2023)[13] | 114,877 (2022)[14]
Campinas |  Brazil | 40.525 (2011)[26] | 3,264,915 (2019)[52]
Campo Grande |  Brazil | 9.59 (2013)[53] | 898,100 (2022)[54]
Campos dos Goytacazes |  Brazil | 5.358 (2016)[55] | 511,168 (2020)[56]
Canberra |  Australia | 30.909 (2018–19)[18] | 465,118 (2018–19)[57]
Canton-Massillon, OH MSA |  United States | 24.599897 (2023)[13] | 399,474 (2023)[14]
Cape Coral-Fort Myers, FL MSA |  United States | 50.645899 (2023)[13] | 834,573 (2023)[14]
Cape Girardeau, MO-IL MSA |  United States | 5.797295 (2023)[13] | 98,223 (2023)[14]
Cape Town |  South Africa | 56.300 (2022)[58] | 4,375,000 (2022)[35]
Caracas |  Venezuela | 70 (2012)[59] | 1,942,652 (2011)[60]
Carbondale-Marion, IL MSA |  United States | 7.263128 (2023)[13] | 132,693 (2022)[14]
Cardiff and Vale of Glamorgan |  United Kingdom | 24.345 (2023)[9][10] | 518,269 (2023)[9]
Carson City, NV MSA |  United States | 4.777092 (2023)[13] | 58,036 (2023)[14]
Casablanca |  Morocco | 47.000 (2022)[61] | 4,625,000 (2022)[35]
Casper, WY MSA |  United States | 6.983637 (2023)[13] | 79,941 (2023)[14]
Cebu City |  Philippines | 5.6 (2023)[62] | 2,700,000 (2023)[16]
Cedar Rapids, IA MSA |  United States | 22.962630 (2023)[13] | 275,668 (2023)[14]
Central German Metropolitan Region |  Germany | 335.193 (2023)[44] | 8,300,000 (2024)[44]
Chambersburg-Waynesboro, PA MSA |  United States | 8.148840 (2023)[13] | 156,902 (2022)[14]
Champaign-Urbana, IL MSA |  United States | 15.512304 (2023)[13] | 235,608 (2023)[14]
Chandigarh |  India | 6 (2023)[16] | 2,575,000 (2023)[16]
Changchun |  China | 96.240 (2020)[63][64] | 3,700,000 (2020)[12]
Changde |  China | 54.355 (2020)[63] | 1,160,000 (2020)[12]
Changji[65] |  China | 35.234 (2024)  | 1,623,350 (2024)
Changsha |  China | 214.4 (2024)[66][67] | 10,564,800 (2024)[68]
Charleroi |  Belgium | 16.619 (2022)[5] | 558,107 (2022)[6]
Charleston-North Charleston, SC MSA |  United States | 63.973949 (2023)[13] | 849,417 (2023)[14]
Charleston, WV MSA |  United States | 16.291494 (2023)[13] | 203,164 (2023)[14]
Charlotte-Concord-Gastonia, NC-SC (Metropolitan Statistical Area) |  United States | 255.666417 (2023)[13] | 2,805,115 (2023)[14]
Charlottesville, VA MSA |  United States | 18.817343 (2023)[13] | 225,127 (2023)[14]
Chattanooga, TN-GA MSA |  United States | 42.381201 (2023)[13] | 580,971 (2023)[14]
Chengdu[69] |  China | 330.136 (2024)  | 21,403,000 (2024)
Chennai |  India | 219 (2020)[70] | 11,300,000 (2020)[12]
Cheyenne, WY MSA |  United States | 8.285241 (2023)[13] | 100,984 (2023)[14]
Chicago-Naperville-Elgin, IL-IN-WI (Metropolitan Statistical Area) |  United States | 894.862364 (2023)[13] | 9,900,000 (2023)[16]
Chico, CA MSA |  United States | 11.727399 (2023)[13] | 207,172 (2023)[14]
Chilliwack |  Canada | 3.861 (2021)[7] | 119,221 (2021)[8]
Chittagong |  Bangladesh | 25.5 (2019)[71] | 4,925,000 (2020)[12]
Chongqing |  China | 452.043 (2024)[72] | 10,900,000 (2024)[24]
Chuzhou[citation needed] |  China | 56.649 (2024)  | 4,055,500 (2024)
Cincinnati, OH-KY-IN (Metropolitan Statistical Area) |  United States | 198.888723 (2023)[13] | 2,271,479 (2023)[14]
Clarksville, TN-KY MSA |  United States | 17.765745 (2023)[13] | 340,495 (2023)[14]
Clermont-Ferrand |  France | 27.074 (2021)[5] | 669,014 (2021)[6]
Cleveland-Elyria, OH (Metropolitan Statistical Area) |  United States | 173.135607 (2023)[13] | 2,063,132 (2022)[14]
Cleveland, TN MSA |  United States | 6.807509 (2023)[13] | 129,612 (2023)[14]
Cluj-Napoca |  Romania | 14.75 (2021)[5] | 710,284 (2021)[6]
Cocos (Keeling) Islands |  Cocos (Keeling) Islands | 0.011 (2010)[73] | 561 (2011)[74]
Coeur d'Alene, ID MSA |  United States | 10.583848 (2023)[13] | 185,010 (2023)[14]
Coimbatore |  India | 45 (2021)[75] | 2,775,000 (2021)[22]
Coimbra |  Portugal | 9.799 (2022)[5] | 438,212 (2022)[6]
College Station-Bryan, TX MSA |  United States | 19.585335 (2023)[13] | 281,445 (2023)[14]
Colombo, Western Province, Sri Lanka  | Sri Lanka  | 33 (2023)[76] |
Colorado Springs, CO MSA |  United States | 53.092641 (2023)[13] | 768,832 (2023)[14]
Columbia, MO MSA |  United States | 13.572357 (2023)[13] | 216,511 (2023)[14]
Columbia, SC MSA |  United States | 58.497422 (2023)[13] | 858,302 (2023)[14]
Columbus, GA-AL MSA |  United States | 18.710583 (2023)[13] | 323,768 (2023)[14]
Columbus, IN MSA |  United States | 8.668346 (2023)[13] | 84,003 (2023)[14]
Columbus, OH (Metropolitan Statistical Area) |  United States | 182.087631 (2023)[13] | 2,180,271 (2023)[14]
Communauté d'agglomération Nîmes Métropole |  France | 23.545 (2021)[5] | 751,840 (2021)[6]
Communauté d'agglomération Pau Béarn Pyrénées |  France | 26.395 (2021)[5] | 688,474 (2021)[6]
Constanța |  Romania | 10.936 (2021)[5] | 668,065(2021) (2021)[6]
Copenhagen metropolitan area |  Denmark | 188.321 (2022)[5] | 2,082,710 (2022)[6]
Córdoba metropolitan area |  Spain | 17.286 (2021)[5] | 781,186 (2021)[6]
Corpus Christi, TX MSA |  United States | 30.930920 (2023)[13] | 448,323 (2023)[14]
Corvallis, OR MSA |  United States | 6.035305 (2023)[13] | 97,713 (2023)[14]
Coventry |  United Kingdom | 16.028 (2023)[9][10] | 360,702 (2023)[9]
Craiova metropolitan area |  Romania | 7.065 (2021)[5] | 615,962 (2021)[6]
Crestview-Fort Walton Beach-Destin, FL MSA |  United States | 23.794720 (2023)[13] | 304,818 (2023)[14]
Cumberland, MD-WV MSA |  United States | 4.359585 (2023)[13] | 94,122 (2022)[14]
Curitiba |  Brazil | 58.082 (2011)[26] | 3,654,960 (2010)[77]
Częstochowa metropolitan area |  Poland | 7.931 (2021)[5] | 487,392 (2021)[6]
Daegu |  South Korea | 50.400 (2022)[78] | 2,750,000 (2022)[35]
Daejeon |  South Korea | 40.000 (2022)[78] | 1,540,000 (2022)[35]
Dalian[79] |  China | 133.632 (2024)  | 7,542,000 (2024)
Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington, TX (Metropolitan Statistical Area) |  United States | 744.653629 (2023)[13] | 8,100,037 (2023)[14]
Dalton, GA MSA |  United States | 9.271266 (2023)[13] | 144,722 (2023)[14]
Danville, IL MSA |  United States | 4.136523 (2023)[13] | 72,337 (2022)[14]
Daphne-Fairhope-Foley, AL MSA |  United States | 12.071468 (2023)[13] | 253,507 (2023)[14]
Daqing[80] |  China | 39.538 (2024)  | 2,681,500 (2024)
Dar es Salaam |  Tanzania | 10.4 (2019)[81] | 6,450,000 (2020)[12]
Davao City |  Philippines | 9.6 (2023)[82] | 1,650,000 (2023)[16]
Davenport-Moline-Rock Island, IA-IL MSA |  United States | 27.875132 (2023)[13] | 379,441 (2023)[14]
Dayton, OH MSA |  United States | 41.111 (2017)[13] | 812,595 (2022)[14]
Debrecen |  Hungary | 7.085 (2022)[5] | 524,272 (2022)[6]
Decatur, AL MSA |  United States | 8.841158 (2023)[13] | 158,635 (2023)[14]
Decatur, IL MSA |  United States | 8.822934 (2023)[13] | 100,591 (2023)[14]
Deltona-Daytona Beach-Ormond Beach, FL MSA |  United States | 32.539529 (2023)[13] | 721,796 (2023)[14]
Denpasar Metropolitan |  Indonesia | 9.941 (2021)[83] | 1,580,000 (2021)[22]
Denver-Aurora-Lakewood, CO (Metropolitan Statistical Area) |  United States | 311.876352 (2023)[13] | 3,950,000 (2023)[16]
Derby |  United Kingdom | 12.633 (2023)[9][10] | 266,460 (2023)[9]
Des Moines-West Des Moines, IA MSA |  United States | 74.062506 (2023)[13] | 737,164 (2023)[14]
Detroit-Warren-Dearborn, MI (Metropolitan Statistical Area) |  United States | 331.333163 (2023)[13] | 4,342,304 (2023)[14]
Deyang |  China | 34.855 (2020)[63][84] | 3,456,161 (2020)[85]
Dijon Métropole |  France | 23.238 (2021)[5] | 534,164 (2021)[6]
Dongying[86] |  China | 60.487 (2024)  | 2,207,150 (2024)
Dothan, AL MSA |  United States | 9.099360 (2023)[13] | 153,349 (2023)[14]
Dover, DE MSA |  United States | 10.509748 (2023)[13] | 189,789 (2023)[14]
Dresden |  Germany | 54.841 (2021)[5] | 1,339,330 (2021)[6]
Drummondville |  Canada | 3.967 (2021)[7] | 102,526 (2021)[8]
Dubai-Sharjah-Ajman metropolitan area |  United Arab Emirates | 202.8 (2023)[87] | 6,176,155 (2023)[88][89]
Dubuque, IA MSA |  United States | 9.017369 (2023)[13] | 98,887 (2023)[14]
Duluth, MN-WI MSA |  United States | 18.838611 (2023)[13] | 281,603 (2023)[14]
Durban |  South Africa | 64.700 (2022)[58] | 3,525,000 (2022)[35]
Düren (district) |  Germany | 10.032 (2021)[5] | 265,140 (2021)[6]
Durham-Chapel Hill, NC MSA |  United States | 70.305292 (2023)[13] | 608,879 (2023)[14]
East Stroudsburg, PA MSA |  United States | 9.215416 (2023)[13] | 167,198 (2022)[14]
Eau Claire, WI MSA |  United States | 11.674198 (2023)[13] | 174,873 (2023)[14]
Edinburgh |  United Kingdom | 45.441 (2023)[9][10] | 523,250 (2023)[9]
Edmonton Metropolitan Region |  Canada | 74.617 (2021)[7] | 1,480,159 (2021)[8]
Eindhoven |  Netherlands | 54.931 (2021)[5] | 784,390 (2021)[6]
El Centro, CA MSA |  United States | 13.483299 (2023)[13] | 179,057 (2023)[14]
El Paso, TX MSA |  United States | 48.609163 (2023)[13] | 873,331 (2023)[14]
Elizabethtown-Fort Knox, KY MSA |  United States | 8.182312 (2023)[13] | 157,026 (2022)[14]
Elkhart-Goshen, IN MSA |  United States | 20.857760 (2023)[13] | 206,409 (2023)[14]
Elmira, NY MSA |  United States | 4.544209 (2023)[13] | 81,325 (2023)[14]
Enid, OK MSA |  United States | 3.804621 (2023)[13] | 62,023 (2023)[14]
Enschede |  Netherlands | 30.955 (2021)[5] | 784,390 (2021)[6]
Erfurt |  Germany | 22.17 (2021)[5] | 522,968 (2021)[6]
Erie, PA MSA |  United States | 14.204975 (2023)[13] | 267,571 (2023)[14]
Eugene-Springfield, OR MSA |  United States | 22.550913 (2023)[13] | 381,181 (2023)[14]
European Metropolis of Lille |  France | 101.652 (2021)[5] | 2,607,879 (2021)[6]
Evansville, IN-KY MSA |  United States | 27.437679 (2023)[13] | 314,038 (2022)[14]
Ezhou[90] |  China | 18.834 (2024)  | 1,072,500 (2024)
Fairbanks, AK MSA |  United States | 7.198784 (2023)[13] | 95,356 (2022)[14]
Faisalabad |  Pakistan | 43 (2013)[91] | 3,204,704 (2017)[92]
Fangchenggang[93][94] |  China | 16.394 (2024)  | 1,050,000 (2024)
Fargo, ND-MN MSA |  United States | 20.535575 (2023)[13] | 262,620 (2023)[14]
Farmington, NM MSA |  United States | 6.822347 (2023)[13] | 120,675 (2023)[14]
Fayetteville, NC MSA |  United States | 28.205160 (2023)[13] | 392,336 (2023)[14]
Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers, AR MSA |  United States | 40.776485 (2023)[13] | 590,337 (2023)[14]
Flagstaff, AZ MSA |  United States | 9.967529 (2023)[13] | 144,472 (2023)[14]
Flensburg |  Germany | 11.963 (2021)[5] | 292,581 (2021)[6]
Flint, MI MSA |  United States | 19.151079 (2023)[13] | 401,522 (2023)[14]
Florence, SC MSA |  United States | 12.505628 (2023)[13] | 199,630 (2023)[14]
Florence-Muscle Shoals, AL MSA |  United States | 7.212666 (2023)[13] | 155,175 (2023)[14]
Fond du Lac, WI MSA |  United States | 6.451530 (2023)[13] | 103,948 (2023)[14]
Fort Collins, CO MSA |  United States | 26.974178 (2023)[13] | 366,778 (2022)[14]
Fort Smith, AR-OK MSA |  United States | 12.729594 (2023)[13] | 231,280 (2023)[14]
Fort Wayne, IN MSA |  United States | 30.231008 (2023)[13] | 457,842 (2023)[14]
Fort-de-France |  France | 10.166 (2022)[5] | 352,205 (2022)[6]
Fortaleza |  Brazil | 21.7 (2012)[95] | 3,615,767 (2022)[96]
Fredericton |  Canada | 5.029 (2021)[7] | 112,428 (2021)[8]
Freiburg im Breisgau |  Germany | 33.292 (2021)[5] | 662,669 (2021)[6]
Fresno, CA MSA |  United States | 60.151259 (2023)[13] | 1,180,020 (2023)[14]
Fukuoka–Kitakyushu |  Japan | 182.952 (2019)[97] | 4,750,000 (2020)[12]
Fuzhou[98] |  China | 199.907 (2024)  | 8,485,000 (2024)
Gadsden, AL MSA |  United States | 3.776967 (2023)[13] | 103,241 (2023)[14]
Gainesville, FL MSA |  United States | 21.823778 (2023)[13] | 352,126 (2023)[14]
Gainesville, GA MSA |  United States | 16.640845 (2023)[13] | 217,267 (2023)[14]
Galati |  Romania | 5.204 (2021)[5] | 495,149 (2021)[6]
Gdansk metropolitan area |  Poland | 28.126 (2021)[5] | 1,360,005 (2021)[6]
Geelong |  Australia | 8.725 (2018–19)[18] | 271,848 (2018–19)[99]
George Town conurbation |  Malaysia | 30.2 (2020)[100][101][102] | 2,843,344 (2020)[103]
Gettysburg, PA MSA |  United States | 4.739846 (2023)[13] | 106,748 (2023)[14]
Ghent metropolitan area |  Belgium | 38.834 (2022)[5] | 656,665 (2022)[6]
Gibraltar |  Gibraltar | 3.265 (2022)[104][105] | 32,688 (2022)[106]
Giessen (region) |  Germany | 12.676 (2021)[5] | 271,667 (2021)[6]
Gladstone |  Australia | 4.464 (2018–19)[18] | 45,130 (2018)[107]
Glasgow |  United Kingdom | 39.506 (2023)[9][10] | 631,970 (2023)[9]
Glens Falls, NY MSA |  United States | 8.717091 (2023)[13] | 125,427 (2023)[14]
Goiânia |  Brazil | 22.763 (2011)[26] | 2,654,860 (2022)[108]
Gold Coast |  Australia | 26.669 (2018–19)[18] | 679,127 (2018)[109]
Goldsboro, NC MSA |  United States | 6.339867 (2023)[13] | 118,686 (2023)[14]
Görlitz (district) |  Germany | 9.233 (2021)[5] | 250,558 (2021)[6]
Gothenburg |  Sweden | 104.765 (2021)[5] | 1,734,443 (2021)[6]
Granada metropolitan area |  Spain | 20.273 (2021)[5] | 928,381 (2021)[6]
Grand Besançon Métropole |  France | 18.888 (2021)[5] | 546,224 (2021)[6]
Grand Forks, ND-MN MSA |  United States | 6.878157 (2023)[13] | 103,120 (2023)[14]
Grand Genève |  Switzerland | 61.752 (2021)[5] | 506,343 (2021)[6]
Grand Island, NE MSA |  United States | 5.979384 (2023)[13] | 76,479 (2023)[14]
Grand Junction, CO MSA |  United States | 9.147468 (2023)[13] | 159,681 (2023)[14]
Grand Poitiers communauté urbaine |  France | 15.197 (2021)[5] | 439,635 (2021)[6]
Grand Rapids-Kentwood, MI MSA |  United States | 82.311400 (2023)[13] | 1,094,198 (2022)[14]
Grand Reims |  France | 24.109 (2021)[5] | 563,998 (2021)[6]
Grants Pass, OR MSA |  United States | 3.877152 (2023)[13] | 87,821 (2023)[14]
Graz |  Austria | 35.891 (2021)[5] | 646,099 (2021)[6]
Great Falls, MT MSA |  United States | 5.345805 (2023)[13] | 84,900 (2023)[14]
Greater Buenos Aires |  Argentina | 235.600 (2023)[110] | 16,700,000 (2023)[16]
Greater Cairo |  Egypt | 190.200 (2021)[21] | 21,500,000 (2021)[22]
Dhaka |  Bangladesh | 285.1 (2023)[111] | 21,300,000 (2023)[16]
Greater Dublin Area |  Ireland | 272.454 (2021)[5] | 2,160,781 (2021)[6]
Greater Helsinki |  Finland | 125.166 (2022)[49] | 1,500,000 (2022)[35]
Manchester (Greater Manchester)  |  United Kingdom | 137.029 (2023)[9][10] | 2,948,633 (2023)[9]
Greater Manila Area |  Philippines | 162.3 (2022)[112] | 26,400,000 (2022)[35]
Greater Mexico City |  Mexico | 340.800 (2022)[113] | 24,700,000 (2022)[35]
Greater Montreal |  Canada | 203.121 (2021)[7] | 4,340,642 (2021)[8]
Greater Oslo Region |  Norway | 83.936 (2021)[5] | 697,010 (2021)[6]
Greater São Paulo |  Brazil | 319.30 (2023)[114] | 23,000,000 (2023)[16]
Greater Stavanger |  Norway | 37.352 (2021)[5] | 482,645 (2021)[6]
Greater Sudbury |  Canada | 8.259 (2021)[7] | 172,832 (2021)[8]
Greater Tokyo Area |  Japan | 2,080.758 (2020)[115] | 40,400,000 (2020)[12]
Greater Toronto and Hamilton Area |  Canada | 411.866 (2021)[7] | 7,358,777 (2021)[8]
Greater Vancouver |  Canada | 146.512 (2021)[7] | 2,764,932 (2021)[8]
Greeley, CO MSA |  United States | 28.181144 (2023)[13] | 359,442 (2023)[14]
Green Bay, WI MSA |  United States | 26.276686 (2023)[13] | 331,882 (2023)[14]
Greensboro-High Point, NC MSA |  United States | 52.925956 (2023)[13] | 789,842 (2023)[14]
Greenville, NC MSA |  United States | 11.865912 (2023)[13] | 175,119 (2023)[14]
Greenville-Anderson, SC MSA |  United States | 63.357431 (2023)[13] | 958,958 (2022)[14]
Grenoble metropolitan area |  France | 53.016 (2021)[5] | 1,280,557 (2021)[6]
Groningen |  Netherlands | 26.587 (2021)[5] | 451,098( (2021)[6]
Guadalajara |  Mexico | 65.800 (2023)[116] | 5,750,000 (2023)[16]
Shenzhen |  China | 516.757 (2024)[117] | 17,889,800 (2024)[118]
Guangzhou |  China | 436 (2024)[119][66] | 18,902,500 (2024)[120]
Tianjin[121] |  China | 253.090 (2024)  | 13,640,000 (2024)
Suzhou[122] |  China | 375.290 (2024)  | 12,972,500 (2024)
Ningbo[123] |  China | 254.823 (2024)  | 9,737,000 (2024)
Foshan[124] |  China | 187.622 (2024)  | 9,657,150 (2024)
Nantong[125] |  China | 174.423 (2024)  | 7,749,250 (2024)
Dongguan[126] |  China | 172.461 (2024)  | 10,528,050 (2024)
Changzhou[127] |  China | 151.840 (2024)  | 5,380,500 (2024)
Guelph |  Canada | 9.471 (2021)[7] | 169,363 (2021)[8]
Guiyang |  China | 62.511 (2020)[63][128] | 3,300,000 (2020)[12]
Gujranwala |  Pakistan | 15.681 (2016)[129] | 5,011,066 (2017)[130]
Gulfport-Biloxi, MS MSA |  United States | 24.668587 (2023)[13] | 421,916 (2023)[14]
Gwangju |  South Korea | 36.000 (2022)[78] | 1,630,000 (2022)[35]
Hagerstown-Martinsburg, MD-WV MSA |  United States | 15.286099 (2023)[13] | 305,902 (2023)[14]
Haifa |  Israel | 25.082 (2019)[131] | 1,050,000 (2019)[132]
Haixi Prefecture[133] |  China | 11.906 (2024)  | 472,050 (2024)
Halifax, Nova Scotia |  Canada | 21.574 (2021)[7] | 459,869 (2021)[8]
Hamamatsu |  Japan | 54.3 (2010)[134][135] | 800,866 (2010)[136]
Hamburg Metropolitan Region |  Germany | 212.324 (2021)[44] | 3,353,084 (2021)[6]
Hami[137] |  China | 15.227 (2024)  | 668,750 (2024)
Hammond, LA MSA |  United States | 6.219912 (2023)[13] | 138,064 (2023)[14]
Hanford-Corcoran, CA MSA |  United States | 8.873931 (2023)[13] | 152,682 (2023)[14]
Hangzhou[138] |  China | 306.949 (2024)  | 12,573,000 (2024)
Hannover–Braunschweig–Göttingen–Wolfsburg Metropolitan Region |  Germany | 199.167 (2021)[44] | 3,900,000 (2021)[44]
Hanoi |  Vietnam | 58 (2024)[139] | 7,150,000 (2024)[24]
Harbin |  China | 94.1 (2017)[140] | 10,009,854 (2020)[141]
Harrisburg-Carlisle, PA MSA |  United States | 50.902418 (2023)[13] | 606,055 (2023)[14]
Harrisonburg, VA MSA |  United States | 10.348301 (2023)[13] | 137,650 (2023)[14]
Hartford-East Hartford-Middletown, CT (Metropolitan Statistical Area) |  United States | 122.805302 (2023)[13] | 1,221,725 (2022)[14]
Hattiesburg, MS MSA |  United States | 8.700243 (2023)[13] | 155,740 (2023)[14]
Hefei{citation needed|date=June 2025}}  |  China | 189.670 (2024)  | 9,927,500 (2024)
Heidelberg |  Germany | 36.776 (2021)[5] | 706,974 (2021)[6]
Hickory-Lenoir-Morganton, NC MSA |  United States | 19.612987 (2022)[13] | 367,802 (2022)[14]
Hilton Head Island-Bluffton, SC MSA |  United States | 14.360798 (2023)[13] | 228,410 (2022)[14]
Hinesville, GA MSA |  United States | 5.154740 (2023)[13] | 88,804 (2023)[14]
Hiroshima |  Japan | 61.3 (2010)[134][135] | 2,860,750 (2010)[142]
Ho Chi Minh City metropolitan area |  Vietnam | 96.399 (2022)[143] | 10,900,000 (2022)[35]
Hobart |  Australia | 11.388 (2018–19)[18] | 218,874 (2018–19)[144]
Hohhot[145] |  China | 57.670 (2024)  | 3,621,750 (2024)
Homosassa Springs, FL MSA |  United States | 6.430594 (2023)[13] | 166,696 (2023)[14]
Hong Kong |  Hong Kong | 423.999 (2025)[146] | 7,567,000 (2025)[146]
Hot Springs, AR MSA |  United States | 4.606197 (2023)[13] | 99,784 (2023)[14]
Houma-Thibodaux, LA MSA |  United States | 12.215010 (2023)[13] | 200,656 (2022)[14]
Houston-The Woodlands-Sugar Land, TX (Metropolitan Statistical Area) |  United States | 696.999366 (2023)[13] | 7,050,000 (2023)[16]
Hsinchu |  Taiwan | 11.980 (2016)[147] | 448,207 (2020)[148]
Huai'an[149] |  China | 76.007 (2024)  | 4,538,300 (2024)
Huizhou[150] |  China | 86.165 (2024)  | 6,095,100 (2024)
Huntington-Ashland, WV-KY-OH MSA |  United States | 19.176990 (2023)[13] | 368,261 (2023)[14]
Huntsville, AL MSA |  United States | 42.815938 (2023)[13] | 527,254 (2023)[14]
Huzhou[151] |  China | 59.163 (2024)  | 3,452,000 (2024)
Hyderabad |  India | 83.5 (2023)[152] | 11,100,000 (2023)[16]
Iași |  Romania | 9.928 (2021)[5] | 794,752 (2021)[6]
Idaho Falls, ID MSA |  United States | 11.962936 (2023)[13] | 168,322 (2023)[14]
Indianapolis-Carmel-Anderson, IN (Metropolitan Statistical Area) |  United States | 199.197977 (2023)[13] | 2,100,000 (2023)[16]
Indore |  India | 8.1 (2020–21)[153] | 3,175,000 (2020)[12]
Innsbruck |  Austria | 17.489 (2021)[5] | 312,757 (2021)[6]
Iowa City, IA MSA |  United States | 13.602212 (2023)[13] | 180,088 (2023)[14]
Iserlohn |  Germany | 18.657 (2021)[5] | 408,662 (2021)[6]
Istanbul metropolitan area |  Turkey | 275.365 (2022)[154] | 16,500,000 (2022)[35]
Ithaca, NY MSA |  United States | 7.388818 (2023)[13] | 103,558 (2023)[14]
İzmir |  Turkey | 51.460 (2021)[50] | 3,050,000 (2021)[22]
Jackson, MI MSA |  United States | 8.588193 (2023)[13] | 159,424 (2023)[14]
Jackson, MS MSA |  United States | 37.054502 (2023)[13] | 610,257 (2023)[14]
Jackson, TN MSA |  United States | 11.474534 (2023)[13] | 181,826 (2023)[14]
Jacksonville, FL (Metropolitan Statistical Area) |  United States | 129.094522 (2023)[13] | 1,713,240 (2023)[14]
Jacksonville, NC MSA |  United States | 11.858614 (2023)[13] | 213,676 (2023)[14]
Jaipur |  India | 15 (2021)[155] | 4,050,000 (2021)[22]
Jakarta metropolitan area |  Indonesia | 338.836 (2023)[156][157][158] | 28,900,000 (2023)[16]
Janesville-Beloit, WI MSA |  United States | 10.503232 (2023)[13] | 164,278 (2023)[14]
Jeddah |  Saudi Arabia | 138.970 (2022)[159] | 5,300,000 (2022)[35]
Jefferson City, MO MSA |  United States | 10.722699 (2023)[13] | 150,733 (2023)[14]
Jerusalem |  Israel | 48.0 (2015)[160] | 1,008,400 (2013)[161]
Jiaxing[162] |  China | 106.288 (2024)  | 5,596,000 (2024)
Jiayuguan[163] |  China | 4.351 (2024)  | 315,050 (2024)
Jinan[164] |  China | 189.949 (2024)  | 9,475,850 (2024)
Jinchang[165] |  China | 7.088 (2024)  | 433,500 (2024)
Beijing |  China | 699.88 (2024)[166] | 21,200,000 (2024)[24]
Jingmen |  China | 27.640 (2020)[63][167] | 2,596,927 (2020)[168]
Jiujiang |  China | 46.981 (2020)[63][169] | 4,600,276 (2020)[170]
Johannesburg |  South Africa | 134.682 (2022)[58] | 8,400,042 (2022)[52]
Johnson City, TN MSA |  United States | 10.758069 (2022)[13] | 210,223 (2022)[14]
Johnstown, PA MSA |  United States | 6.068733 (2023)[13] | 130,668 (2023)[14]
Jonesboro, AR MSA |  United States | 7.875673 (2023)[13] | 136,390 (2023)[14]
Joplin, MO MSA |  United States | 9.860195 (2023)[13] | 184,086 (2022)[14]
Jundiaí |  Brazil | 20.081 (2011)[26] | 706,000 (2023)[171]
Kabul |  Afghanistan | 6.000 | 5,050,000 (2024)[24]
Kagoshima |  Japan | 53.0 (2019)[115] | 1,588,256 (2020)[172]
Kahului-Wailuku-Lahaina, HI MSA |  United States | 12.299263 (2023)[13] | 164,351 (2022)[14]
Kaiserslautern |  Germany | 10.428 (2021)[5] | 276,087 (2021)[6]
Kalamazoo-Portage, MI MSA |  United States | 20.316132 (2023)[13] | 262,215 (2023)[14]
Kamloops |  Canada | 5.533 (2021)[7] | 117,137 (2021)[8]
Kankakee, IL MSA |  United States | 8.725053 (2023)[13] | 105,940 (2023)[14]
Kansas City, MO-KS (Metropolitan Statistical Area) |  United States | 185.746211 (2023)[13] | 2,221,343 (2023)[14]
Kaohsiung |  Taiwan | 58.071 (2016)[147] | 2,775,000 (2020)[12]
Karachi |  Pakistan | 176.2 (2022)[173] | 18,600,000 (2022)[35]
Karamay[174] |  China | 18.633 (2024)  | 490,950 (2024)
Karlsruhe |  Germany | 47.243 (2021)[5] | 755,288 (2021)[6]
Kassel |  Germany | 21.388 (2021)[5] | 438,055 (2021)[6]
Katowice-Ostrava metropolitan area[note 1] |  Poland Czech Republic | 88.791 (2021)[5] | 4,410,354 (2021)[6]
Kaunas urban area |  Lithuania | 11.69021 (2021)[5] | 565,628 (2021)[6]
Kelowna |  Canada | 9.822 (2021)[7] | 229,003 (2021)[8]
Kennewick-Richland, WA MSA |  United States | 21.082419 (2023)[13] | 314,253 (2023)[14]
Kiel |  Germany | 29.003 (2021)[5] | 650,719 (2021)[6]
Kielce |  Poland | 10.378 (2021)[5] | 708,766 (2021)[6]
Killeen-Temple, TX MSA |  United States | 26.667324 (2023)[13] | 501,333 (2023)[14]
Kingston upon Hull |  United Kingdom | 10.325 (2023)[9][10] | 271,942 (2023)[9]
Kingsport-Bristol, TN-VA MSA |  United States | 18.326336 (2023)[13] | 313,025 (2023)[14]
Kingston, NY MSA |  United States | 9.905383 (2023)[13] | 182,333 (2023)[14]
Kingston, Ontario |  Canada | 8.106 (2021)[7] | 176,738 (2021)[8]
Kitchener, Ontario |  Canada | 29.715 (2021)[7] | 599,816 (2021)[8]
Knoxville, TN MSA |  United States | 64.382649 (2023)[13] | 946,264 (2023)[14]
Koblenz |  Germany | 18.782 (2021)[5] | 328,174 (2021)[6]
Kokomo, IN MSA |  United States | 5.473566 (2023)[13] | 83,831 (2023)[14]
Kolkata |  India | 220 (2024)[175] | 17,700,000 (2024)[24]
Konstanz, metropolitan area |  Germany | 13.141 (2021)[5] | 286,876 (2021)[6]
Košice |  Slovakia | 13.994 (2022)[5] | 780,288 (2022)[6]
Kraków metropolitan area |  Poland | 33.993 (2021)[5] | 1,533,641 (2021)[6]
Greater Kuala Lumpur |  Malaysia | 159.603 (2023)[176][circular reference] | 9,100,000 (2023)[16]
Kumamoto |  Japan | 39.8 (2010)[134][177] | 1,817,426 (2010)[178]
Kunming |  China | 97.628 (2020)[63][179] | 4,250,000 (2020)[12]
Kuwait City |  Kuwait | 118.000 (2020)[180] | 4,750,000 (2020)[12]
Kyiv |  Ukraine | 27.5 (2020)[181] | 3,475,000 (2020)[12]
Kyoto–Osaka–Kobe |  Japan | 699.474 (2022)[34] | 17,700,000 (2022)[35]
La Crosse-Onalaska, WI-MN MSA |  United States | 10.146203 (2023)[13] | 170,238 (2023)[14]
Lafayette, LA MSA |  United States | 27.687065 (2023)[13] | 414,288 (2023)[14]
Lafayette-West Lafayette, IN MSA |  United States | 14.979052 (2023)[13] | 226,564 (2023)[14]
Lagos metropolitan area |  Nigeria | 102.010 (2021)[182] | 20,100,000 (2021)[22]
Lahore |  Pakistan | 87.000 (2022)[183] | 13,900,000 (2022)[35]
Lake Charles, LA MSA |  United States | 19.707364 (2022)[13] | 239,113 (2022)[14]
Lake Havasu City-Kingman, AZ MSA |  United States | 8.845478 (2023)[13] | 223,682 (2023)[14]
Lakeland-Winter Haven, FL MSA |  United States | 41.081699 (2023)[13] | 818,330 (2023)[14]
Lancaster, PA MSA |  United States | 38.970487 (2023)[13] | 558,589 (2023)[14]
Lansing-East Lansing, MI MSA |  United States | 35.439859 (2023)[13] | 473,177 (2023)[14]
Laredo, TX MSA |  United States | 16.186701 (2023)[13] | 269,148 (2023)[14]
Las Cruces, NM MSA |  United States | 10.565364 (2023)[13] | 225,210 (2023)[14]
Las Palmas metropolitan area |  Spain | 19.588 (2021)[5] | 873,411 (2021)[6]
Las Vegas-Henderson-Paradise, NV (Metropolitan Statistical Area) |  United States | 178.388313 (2023)[13] | 2,375,000 (2023)[16]
Launceston |  Australia | 3.961 (2018–19)[18] | 89,532 (2018–19)[184]
Lausanne metropolitan area |  Switzerland | 68.982 (2021)[5] | 814,762 (2021)[6]
Lawrence, KS MSA |  United States | 6.741959 (2023)[13] | 120,553 (2023)[14]
Lawton, OK MSA |  United States | 6.838293 (2023)[13] | 127,001 (2023)[14]
Le Mans Métropole |  France | 18.444 (2021)[5] | 565,314 (2021)[6]
Lebanon, PA MSA |  United States | 7.912272 (2023)[13] | 144,252 (2023)[14]
Leeds (West Yorkshire)  |  United Kingdom | 48.918 (2023)[9][10] | 829,413 (2023)[9]
Leeuwarden metropolitan area |  Netherlands | 13.311 (2021)[5] | 321,562 (2021)[6]
Leicester |  United Kingdom | 14.230 (2023)[9][10] | 379,780 (2023)[9][10]
Leiden |  Netherlands | 20.721 (2021)[5] | 431,595 (2021)[6]
Les Abymes |  France | 11.045 (2022)[5] | 407,810 (2022)[6]
Lethbridge |  Canada | 5.657 (2021)[7] | 130,088 (2021)[8]
Lewiston, ID-WA MSA |  United States | 3.915782 (2023)[13] | 65,536 (2023)[14]
Lewiston-Auburn, ME MSA |  United States | 6.750171 (2023)[13] | 113,765 (2023)[14]
Lexington-Fayette, KY MSA |  United States | 38.612656 (2023)[13] | 520,045 (2023)[14]
Lhasa[185] |  China | 13.902 (2024)  | 871,800 (2024)
Lianyungang[186] |  China | 65.478 (2024)  | 4,587,850 (2024)
Liège |  Belgium | 30.383 (2022)[5] | 826,237 (2022)[6]
Lima |  Peru | 114.400 (2023)[187] | 11,600,000 (2023)[16]
Lima, OH MSA |  United States | 11.599931 (2023)[13] | 100,838 (2023)[14]
Limoges metropolitan area |  France | 13.327 (2021)[5] | 370,651 (2021)[6]
Lincoln, NE MSA |  United States | 27.995268 (2023)[13] | 344,387 (2023)[14]
Linz |  Austria | 48.98 (2021)[5] | 808,545 (2021)[6]
Lisbon metropolitan area |  Portugal | 92.003 (2022)[5] | 2,869,627 (2022)[6]
Little Rock-North Little Rock-Conway, AR MSA |  United States | 51.199275 (2023)[13] | 764,045 (2023)[14]
Liuzhou |  China | 46.060 (2020)[63][94] | 2,000,000 (2020)[12]
Liverpool (Merseyside)  |  United Kingdom | 61.200 (2023)[9][10] | 1,586,149 (2023)[9]
Ljubljana |  Slovenia | 23.092 (2022)[5] | 555,213 (2022)[6]
Łódź metropolitan area |  Poland | 21.78 (2021)[5] | 1,054,668 (2021)[6]
Logan, UT-ID MSA |  United States | 8.907030 (2023)[13] | 157,887 (2023)[14]
London |  United Kingdom | 768.686 (2023)[9][10] | 8,945,309 (2023)[9]
London, Ontario |  Canada | 24.508 (2021)[7] | 557,394 (2021)[8]
Longview, TX MSA |  United States | 20.024488 (2023)[13] | 293,498 (2023)[14]
Longview, WA MSA |  United States | 7.096628 (2023)[13] | 111,956 (2022)[14]
Longyan[188] |  China | 48.004 (2024)  | 2,690,500 (2024)
Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim, CA (Metropolitan Statistical Area) |  United States | 1,295.361403 (2023)[13] | 12,799,100 (2023)[14]
Louisville/Jefferson County, KY-IN (Metropolitan Statistical Area) |  United States | 97.751023 (2023)[13] | 1,365,557 (2023)[14]
Lubbock, TX MSA |  United States | 19.655310 (2023)[13] | 360,104 (2023)[14]
Lublin |  Poland | 11.549 (2021)[5] | 687,985 (2021)[6]
Lucerne |  Switzerland | 36.359 (2021)[5] | 459,867 (2021)[6]
Lucknow |  India | 3.83 (2023)[189] | 4,000,000 (2023)[16]
Luton |  United Kingdom | 9.522 (2023)[9][10] | 231,028 (2023)[9]
Luoyang |  China | 74.352 (2020)[63] | 2,550,000 (2020)[12]
Luxembourg metropolitan area |  Luxembourg | 81.642 (2022)[5] | 645,397 (2022)[6]
Lynchburg, VA MSA |  United States | 13.511861 (2023)[13] | 264,590 (2023)[14]
Maanshan{citation needed|date=June 2025}}  |  China | 39.101 (2024)  | 2,196,000 (2024)
Macao |  China | 53.354 (2025)[146] | 699,000 (2025)[146]
Mackay |  Australia | 6.540 (2018–19)[18] | 80,148 (2018)[190]
Macon-Bibb County, GA MSA |  United States | 13.337109 (2023)[13] | 236,074 (2023)[14]
Madera, CA MSA |  United States | 8.025001 (2023)[13] | 160,256 (2022)[14]
Madison, WI MSA |  United States | 66.115608 (2023)[13] | 694,345 (2023)[14]
Madrid Metropolitan Area |  Spain | 280.939 (2021)[5] | 6,755,828 (2021)[6]
Magdeburg |  Germany | 20.238 (2021)[5] | 495,745 (2021)[6]
Makassar Metropolitan |  Indonesia | 17.052 (2021)[191] | 1,920,000 (2021)[22]
Málaga metropolitan area |  Spain | 36.399 (2021)[5] | 1,696,463 (2021)[6]
Malmö |  Sweden | 73.741 (2021)[5] | 1,389,336 (2021)[6]
Manado Metropolitan |  Indonesia | 5.487 (2021)[192] | 1,008,126 (2021)[192]
Manaus |  Brazil | 30.375 (2014)[193] | 2,676,936 (2022)[194]
Manchester-Nashua, NH MSA |  United States | 36.596890 (2023)[13] | 427,354 (2023)[14]
Manhattan, KS MSA |  United States | 8.802533 (2023)[13] | 132,831 (2023)[14]
Mankato, MN MSA |  United States | 7.182368 (2023)[13] | 104,248 (2023)[14]
Maribor |  Slovenia | 7.613 (2022)[5] | 327,998 (2022)[6]
Mansfield, OH MSA |  United States | 5.920097 (2023)[13] | 125,064 (2023)[14]
Mataram Metropolitan |  Indonesia | 5.491 (2021)[195] | 3,808,908 (2021)[195]
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission, TX MSA |  United States | 30.225234 (2023)[13] | 898,471 (2023)[14]
Medan Metropolitan |  Indonesia | 28.248 (2021)[196] | 4,075,000 (2021)[22]
Medellín |  Colombia | 35.000 (2023)[197] | 4,225,000 (2023)[16]
Medford, OR MSA |  United States | 12.853288 (2023)[13] | 220,768 (2023)[14]
Melbourne |  Australia | 318.677 (2021)[34] | 5,050,000 (2021)[22]
Memphis, TN-MS-AR (Metropolitan Statistical Area) |  United States | 102.934012 (2023)[13] | 1,335,674 (2023)[14]
Merced, CA MSA |  United States | 12.214481 (2023)[13] | 291,920 (2023)[14]
Métropole du Grand Nancy |  France | 24.649 (2021)[5] | 732,085 (2021)[6]
Métropole Nice Côte d'Azur |  France | 46.825 (2021)[5] | 1,101,039 (2021)[6]
Métropole Rouen Normandie |  France | 50.939 (2021)[5] | 1,254,203 (2021)[6]
Metropolis of Lyon |  France | 115.084 (2021)[5] | 1,899,599 (2021)[6]
Metropolitan Area of Bogotá |  Colombia | 121.800 (2023)[197] | 10,200,000 (2023)[16]
Metropolitan City of Bari |  Italy | 33.945 (2021)[5] | 1,230,819 (2021)[6]
Metropolitan City of Cagliari |  Italy | 14.262 (2021)[5] | 421,488 (2021)[6]
Metropolitan City of Catania |  Italy | 24.86 (2021)[5] | 1,074,089 (2021)[6]
Metropolitan City of Florence |  Italy | 45.934 (2021)[5] | 998,431 (2021)[6]
Metropolitan City of Genoa |  Italy | 34.345 (2021)[5] | 823,612 (2021)[6]
Metropolitan City of Messina |  Italy | 13.702 (2021)[5] | 603,980 (2021)[6]
Metropolitan City of Palermo |  Italy | 28.834 (2021)[5] | 1,208,819 (2021)[6]
Metropolitan City of Venice |  Italy | 31.306 (2021)[5] | 843,545 (2021)[6]
Metropolitan Cork |  Ireland | 136.816 (2021)[5] | 719,187 (2021)[6]
Miami-Fort Lauderdale-West Palm Beach, FL (Metropolitan Statistical Area) |  United States | 533.673895 (2023)[13] | 6,450,000 (2023)[16]
Michigan City-La Porte, IN MSA |  United States | 5.676096 (2023)[13] | 111,706 (2023)[14]
Midland, MI MSA |  United States | 7.636137 (2023)[13] | 84,039 (2023)[14]
Midland, TX MSA |  United States | 53.664570 (2023)[13] | 182,324 (2023)[14]
Milan metropolitan area |  Italy | 270.171 (2021)[5] | 4,339,269 (2021)[6]
Milton Keynes |  United Kingdom | 22.240 (2023)[9][10] | 298,270 (2023)[9]
Milwaukee-Waukesha-West Allis, WI (Metropolitan Statistical Area) |  United States | 130.856689 (2023)[13] | 1,560,424 (2023)[14]
Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington, MN-WI (Metropolitan Statistical Area) |  United States | 350.710432 (2023)[13] | 3,712,020 (2023)[14]
Minsk |  Belarus | 19.913 (2023)[198][199] | 2,050,000 (2023)[16]
Miskolc metropolitan area |  Hungary | 7.787 (2022)[5] | 626,477 (2022)[6]
Missoula, MT MSA |  United States | 8.201713 (2023)[13] | 126,939 (2023)[14]
Mobile, AL MSA |  United States | 29.553574 (2023)[13] | 411,640 (2023)[14]
Modesto, CA MSA |  United States | 30.597632 (2023)[13] | 551,430 (2023)[14]
Monaco |  Monaco | 6.816 (2020)[200] | 39,150 (2021)[201]
Moncton |  Canada | 7.114 (2021)[7] | 162,824 (2021)[8]
Monroe, LA MSA |  United States | 10.276428 (2023)[13] | 221,885 (2023)[14]
Monroe, MI MSA |  United States | 7.956412 (2023)[13] | 155,045 (2023)[14]
Monterrey |  Mexico | 140 (2015)[202] | 5,324,281 (2020)[203]
Montevideo |  Uruguay | 53.9 (2022)[204] | 1,870,000 (2022)[35]
Montgomery, AL MSA |  United States | 24.065840 (2023)[13] | 385,480 (2023)[14]
Montpellier Méditerranée Métropole |  France | 45.4 (2021)[5] | 1,203,899 (2021)[6]
Morgantown, WV MSA |  United States | 10.070965 (2023)[13] | 141,817 (2023)[14]
Morristown, TN MSA |  United States | 7.387094 (2023)[13] | 124,054 (2023)[14]
Moscow metropolitan area |  Russia | 504.808 (2022)[34] | 17,400,000 (2022)[35]
Mount Vernon-Anacortes, WA MSA |  United States | 8.858346 (2023)[13] | 131,417 (2023)[14]
Mulhouse Alsace Agglomération |  France | 27.137 (2021)[5] | 767,736 (2021)[6]
Multan |  Pakistan | 12.000 (2022)[205] | 2,225,000 (2022)[35]
Mumbai |  India | 368 (2024)[206] | 27,100,000 (2024)[24]
Muncie, IN MSA |  United States | 5.333469 (2023)[13] | 112,321 (2023)[14]
Munich Metropolitan Region |  Germany | 389.628 (2022)[44] | 6,300,000 (2023)[44]
Münster (region) |  Germany | 30.813 (2021)[5] | 537,115 (2021)[6]
Murcia metropolitan area |  Spain | 38.697 (2021)[5] | 1,513,076 (2021)[6]
Muskegon, MI MSA |  United States | 8.004713 (2023)[13] | 176,565 (2022)[14]
Myrtle Beach-Conway-North Myrtle Beach, SC-NC MSA |  United States | 27.945154 (2023)[13] | 536,165 (2022)[14]
Nagoya |  Japan | 379.301 (2021)[34] | 10,500,000 (2021)[22]
Nagpur |  India | 19 (2021–22)[207] | 3,375,000 (2022)[35]
Nairobi |  Kenya | 30 (2023)[208] | 6,550,000 (2023)[16]
Namur metropolitan area |  Belgium | 11.973 (2022)[5] | 321,698 (2022)[6]
Nanaimo |  Canada | 4.631 (2021)[7] | 117,935 (2021)[8]
Nanchang[169][170] |  China | 109.530 (2024)  | 6,619,300 (2024)
Nanjing[209] |  China | 259.781 (2024)  | 9,562,000 (2024)
Nanning |  China | 54.299 (2015)[210][211] | 7,765,411 (2015)[212]
Nanping |  China | 29.104 (2020)[63][213] | 2,680,645 (2020)[214]
Nantes |  France | 64.853 (2021)[5] | 1,461,267 (2021)[6]
Napa, CA MSA |  United States | 14.227116 (2023)[13] | 133,216 (2023)[14]
Naples metropolitan area |  Italy | 72.215 (2021)[5] | 2,986,745 (2021)[6]
Naples-Marco Island, FL MSA |  United States | 31.526854 (2023)[13] | 404,310 (2023)[14]
Nashville-Davidson—Murfreesboro—Franklin, TN (Metropolitan Statistical Area) |  United States | 204.861124 (2023)[13] | 2,102,573 (2023)[14]
National Capital Region (Delhi) |  India | 521.5 (2023)[215] | 33,400,000 (2023)[16]
Neubrandenburg |  Germany | 9.386 (2021)[5] | 258,057 (2021)[6]
New Bern, NC MSA |  United States | 7.196683 (2023)[13] | 122,488 (2022)[216]
New Haven-Milford, CT MSA |  United States | 65.232142 (2023)[13] | 869,527 (2022)[14]
New Orleans-Metairie, LA (Metropolitan Statistical Area) |  United States | 102.436589 (2023)[13] | 962,165 (2023)[14]
New York-Newark-Jersey City, NY-NJ-PA (Metropolitan Statistical Area) |  United States | 2,298.868394 (2023)[13] | 19,617,869 (2022)[14]
Newcastle |  Australia | 11.554 (2018–19)[18] | 492,805 (2018–19)[217]
Nicosia |  Cyprus | 29.251 (2022)[5] | 904,705 (2022)[6]
Niigata |  Japan | 43.3 (2010)[218][177] | 2,374,450 (2010)[219]
Niles, MI MSA |  United States | 9.484269 (2023)[13] | 152,261 (2023)[14]
Ningde[220] |  China | 54.790 (2024)  | 3,162,000 (2024)
North Port-Sarasota-Bradenton, FL MSA |  United States | 56.607597 (2023)[13] | 891,411 (2022)[14]
Northwest Metropolitan Region |  Germany | 123.046 (2022)[44] | 2,800,000 (2023)[44]
Norwich-New London, CT MSA |  United States | 23.909840 (2023)[13] | 268,681 (2022)[14]
Nottingham |  United Kingdom | 17.547 (2023)[9][10] | 329,276 (2023)[9]
Nuremberg Metropolitan Region |  Germany | 175.859 (2022)[44] | 3,611,000 (2022)[44]
Nyingchi |  China | 2.774 (2020)[63][221] | 238,936 (2020)[222]
Ocala, FL MSA |  United States | 15.982712 (2023)[13] | 409,959 (2023)[14]
Ocean City, NJ MSA |  United States | 7.772540 (2023)[13] | 95,634 (2022)[14]
Odense |  Denmark | 24.15 (2022)[5] | 501,782 (2022)[6]
Odessa, TX MSA |  United States | 15.658079 (2023)[13] | 164,494 (2023)[14]
Offenburg |  Germany | 22.355 (2021)[5] | 432,580 (2021)[6]
Ogden-Clearfield, UT MSA |  United States | 43.646961 (2023)[13] | 713,839 (2022)[14]
Okayama |  Japan | 63.1 (2010)[134][177] | 1,945,276 (2010)[223]
Oklahoma City, OK (Metropolitan Statistical Area) |  United States | 100.054101 (2023)[13] | 1,477,926 (2023)[14]
Olsztyn metropolitan area |  Poland | 8.47 (2021)[5] | 573,199 (2021)[6]
Olympia-Lacey-Tumwater, WA MSA |  United States | 19.969972 (2023)[13] | 299,003 (2023)[14]
Omaha-Council Bluffs, NE-IA MSA |  United States | 92.356612 (2023)[13] | 976,671 (2022)[14]
Opole |  Poland | 10.023 (2021)[5] | 567,836 (2021)[6]
Orange |  Australia | 3.204 (2018–19)[18] | 40,493 (2018)[109]
Ordos[224][38] |  China | 89.347 (2024)  | 2,230,400 (2024)
Orlando-Kissimmee-Sanford, FL (Metropolitan Statistical Area) |  United States | 217.038119 (2023)[13] | 2,817,933 (2023)[14]
Orléans |  France | 27.275 (2021)[5] | 684,609 (2021)[6]
Oshawa |  Canada | 11.851 (2021)[7] | 434,673 (2021)[8]
Oshkosh-Neenah, WI MSA |  United States | 13.408456 (2023)[13] | 171,735 (2023)[14]
Osnabrück |  Germany | 24.507 (2021)[5] | 523,694 (2021)[6]
Ottawa–Gatineau |  Canada | 78.954 (2021)[7] | 1,474,077 (2021)[8]
Owensboro, KY MSA |  United States | 7.142735 (2023)[13] | 112,512 (2023)[14]
Oxnard-Thousand Oaks-Ventura, CA MSA |  United States | 65.991334 (2023)[13] | 829,590 (2023)[14]
Padang Metropolitan |  Indonesia | 6.213 (2021)[225] | 1,441,760 (2021)[225]
Paderborn |  Germany | 14.071 (2021)[5] | 308,335 (2021)[6]
Padua metropolitan area |  Italy | 39.575 (2021)[5] | 932,629 (2021)[6]
Palembang Metropolitan |  Indonesia | 16.561 (2021)[226] | 1,740,000 (2021)[22]
Palm Bay-Melbourne-Titusville, FL MSA |  United States | 39.591386 (2023)[13] | 643,979 (2023)[14]
Palma de Mallorca metropolitan area |  Spain | 28.808 (2021)[5] | 948,004 (2021)[6]
Pamplona metropolitan area |  Spain | 24.268 (2021)[5] | 519,091 (2021)[6]
Panama City, FL MSA |  United States | 12.731669 (2023)[13] | 185,134 (2022)[14]
Panjin[227] |  China | 19.848 (2024)  | 1,379,460 (2024)
Panzhihua[228] |  China | 19.591 (2024)  | 1,220,500 (2024)
Paris (Metropolitan area)  |  France | 929.963 (2023)[5] | 12,388,388 (2023)[6]
Parkersburg-Vienna, WV MSA |  United States | 4.711556 (2023)[13] | 88,052 (2023)[14]
Parma |  Italy | 22.51 (2021)[5] | 449,628 (2021)[6]
Patna |  India | 31.2384 (2023)[229] | 2,850,000 (2023)[16]
Pécs |  Hungary | 4.561 (2022)[5] | 354,341 (2022)[6]
Pekanbaru Metropolitan |  Indonesia | 25.279 (2021)[230] | 1,250,000 (2021)[22]
Pensacola-Ferry Pass-Brent, FL MSA |  United States | 29.977030 (2023)[13] | 530,090 (2023)[14]
Peoria, IL MSA |  United States | 27.879142 (2023)[13] | 362,240 (2023)[14]
Perpignan Méditerranée Métropole |  France | 14.49 (2021)[5] | 483,558 (2021)[6]
Perth |  Australia | 111.056 (2018–19)[18] | 2,087,086 (2018–19)[231]
Perugia metropolitan area |  Italy | 20.729 (2021)[5] | 645,506 (2021)[6]
Peterborough |  United Kingdom | 10.905 (2023)[9][10] | 219,509 (2023)[9]
Peterborough, Ontario |  Canada | 4.305 (2021)[7] | 132,355 (2021)[8]
Pforzheim |  Germany | 14.229 (2021)[5] | 325,768 (2021)[6]
Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington, PA-NJ-DE-MD (Metropolitan Statistical Area) |  United States | 557.600681 (2023)[13] | 6,246,160 (2023)[14]
Phoenix-Mesa-Scottsdale, AZ (Metropolitan Statistical Area) |  United States | 398.129452 (2023)[13] | 5,070,110 (2023)[14]
Pine Bluff, AR MSA |  United States | 4.146574 (2023)[13] | 84,629 (2022)[14]
Pittsburgh, PA (Metropolitan Statistical Area) |  United States | 194.229253 (2023)[13] | 2,422,725 (2023)[14]
Pittsfield, MA MSA |  United States | 8.955924 (2023)[13] | 126,818 (2023)[14]
Ploiești |  Romania | 10.458 (2021)[5] | 703,368 (2021)[6]
Plovdiv |  Bulgaria | 6.266 (2021)[5] | 666,398 (2021)[6]
Plymouth |  United Kingdom | 10.178 (2023)[9][10] | 268,736 (2023)[9]
Plzeň |  Czech Republic | 14.003 (2022)[5] | 578,707 (2022)[6]
Pocatello, ID MSA |  United States | 4.569769 (2023)[13] | 90,400 (2023)[14]
Port St. Lucie, FL MSA |  United States | 27.153067 (2023)[13] | 536,901 (2023)[14]
Portland-South Portland, ME MSA |  United States | 48.037136 (2023)[13] | 566,329 (2023)[14]
Portland-Vancouver-Hillsboro, OR-WA (Metropolitan Statistical Area) |  United States | 218.894399 (2023)[13] | 2,508,050 (2023)[14]
Porto Alegre |  Brazil | 45.506 (2011)[26] | 4,405,769 (2022)[232]
Porto metropolitan area |  Portugal | 41.257 (2022)[5] | 1,740,117 (2022)[6]
Portsmouth-Southampton Metropolitan area |  United Kingdom | 24.375 (2023)[9][10] | 466,407 (2023)[9]
Poznań metropolitan area |  Poland | 33.828 (2021)[5] | 1,241,984 (2021)[6]
Prague metropolitan area |  Czech Republic | 115.803 (2022)[5] | 2,662,230 (2022)[6]
Prato |  Italy | 9.743 (2021)[5] | 265,269 (2021)[6]
Prescott Valley–Prescott, AZ MSA |  United States | 6.111 (2017)[13] | 249,081 (2023)[14]
Pretoria |  South Africa | 56.286 (2022)[58] | 7,426,673 (2022)
Providence-Warwick, RI-MA (Metropolitan Statistical Area) |  United States | 111.839552 (2023)[13] | 1,677,803 (2023)[14]
Provo-Orem, UT MSA |  United States | 45.033143 (2023)[13] | 715,001 (2022)[14]
Puebla |  Mexico | 31.102 (2019)[233] | 3,903,485 (2020)[234]
Pueblo, CO MSA |  United States | 8.576776 (2023)[13] | 169,422 (2023)[14]
Pune |  India | 69 (2016)[235][236][237] | 9,429,408 (2011)[238]
Punta Gorda, FL MSA |  United States | 8.701074 (2023)[13] | 206,134 (2023)[14]
Putian[239] |  China | 48.342 (2024)  | 3,185,500 (2024)
Qingdao[240] |  China | 234.768 (2024)  | 10,407,000 (2024)
Quanzhou[241] |  China | 183.873 (2024)  | 8,898,500 (2024)
Quebec City |  Canada | 42.044 (2021)[7] | 836,615 (2021)[8]
Quito |  Ecuador | 33.900 (2023)[242] | 2,875,000 (2023)[16]
Quzhou[243] |  China | 31.774 (2024)  | 2,298,000 (2024)
Racine, WI MSA |  United States | 10.914885 (2023)[13] | 195,846 (2022)[14]
Radom County |  Poland | 7.487 (2021)[5] | 574,281 (2021)[6]
Raleigh, NC (Metropolitan Statistical Area) |  United States | 133.081325 (2023)[13] | 1,509,231 (2023)[14]
Rapid City, SD MSA |  United States | 9.425612 (2023)[13] | 155,974 (2023)[14]
Reading, PA MSA |  United States | 25.974930 (2023)[13] | 432,821 (2023)[14]
Recife |  Brazil | 22.81 (2014)[244] | 3,743,854 (2022)[245]
Red Deer, Alberta |  Canada | 4.625 (2021)[7] | 105,604 (2021)[8]
Redding, CA MSA |  United States | 11.047068 (2023)[13] | 180,366 (2023)[14]
Regensburg |  Germany | 27.946 (2021)[5] | 469,935 (2021)[6]
Reggio Emilia metropolitan area |  Italy | 24.022 (2021)[5] | 527,140 (2021)[6]
Regina, Saskatchewan |  Canada | 15.71 (2021)[7] | 264,375 (2021)[8]
Rennes Métropole |  France | 47.189 (2021)[5] | 1,098,420 (2021)[6]
Reno, NV MSA |  United States | 43.148385 (2023)[13] | 564,782 (2023)[14]
Frankfurt Rhine-Main Metropolitan Region |  Germany | 307.49 (2022)[44] | 5,800,000 (2023)[44]
Rhine-Neckar Metropolitan Region |  Germany | 117.201 (2022)[44] | 2,458,595 (2023)[44]
Rhine-Ruhr Metropolitan Region |  Germany | 634.437 (2021)[246] | 13,000,000 (2021)[22]
Richmond, VA (Metropolitan Statistical Area) |  United States | 116.959541 (2023)[13] | 1,349,732 (2023)[14]
Riga metropolitan area |  Latvia | 27.156 (2021)[5] | 993,600 (2021)[6]
Rio de Janeiro metropolitan area |  Brazil | 195.095 (2021)[247] | 13,300,000 (2021)[22]
Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario, CA (Metropolitan Statistical Area) |  United States | 256.859082 (2023)[13] | 4,688,053 (2023)[14]
Riyadh |  Saudi Arabia |

243.793 (2022)[159]

| 8,800,000 (2022)[35]
Roanoke, VA MSA |  United States | 21.742564 (2023)[13] | 314,314 (2023)[14]
Rochester, MN MSA |  United States | 17.948981 (2023)[13] | 229,077 (2023)[14]
Rochester, NY MSA |  United States | 78.469076 (2023)[13] | 1,052,087 (2023)[14]
Rockford, IL MSA |  United States | 19.712066 (2023)[13] | 334,124 (2023)[14]
Rockhampton |  Australia | 5.342 (2018–19)[18] | 78,592 (2018)[248]
Rocky Mount, NC MSA |  United States | 8.732690 (2023)[13] | 145,383 (2023)[14]
Rome metropolitan area |  Italy | 193.326 (2021)[5] | 4,231,451 (2021)[6]
Rome, GA MSA |  United States | 5.449843 (2023)[13] | 100,113 (2023)[14]
Rostock |  Germany | 17.49 (2021)[5] | 426,133 (2021)[6]
Rotterdam |  Netherlands | 112.578 (2021)[5] | 1,834,417 (2021)[6]
Rzeszów |  Poland | 9.797 (2021)[5] | 615,954 (2021)[6]
Saarbrücken |  Germany | 36.421 (2021)[5] | 794,062 (2021)[6]
Sacramento—Roseville—Arden-Arcade, CA (Metropolitan Statistical Area) |  United States | 189.624282 (2023)[13] | 2,420,608 (2023)[14]
Saginaw, MI MSA |  United States | 10.801688 (2023)[13] | 187,782 (2023)[14]
Saguenay, Quebec |  Canada | 8.114 (2021)[7] | 163,630 (2021)[8]
Saint John, New Brunswick |  Canada | 5.44 (2021)[7] | 132,761 (2021)[8]
Saint Petersburg |  Russia | 128.000 (2021)[249] | 5,650,000 (2021)[22]
Saint-Étienne Métropole |  France | 26.794 (2021)[5] | 766,473 (2021)[6]
Salem, OR MSA |  United States | 25.733543 (2023)[13] | 436,546 (2023)[14]
Salinas, CA MSA |  United States | 36.861463 (2023)[13] | 430,723 (2023)[14]
Salisbury, MD-DE MSA |  United States | 30.830418 (2023)[13] | 439,032 (2022)[14]
Salt Lake City, UT (Metropolitan Statistical Area) |  United States | 147.519150 (2023)[13] | 1,266,191 (2022)[14]
Salvador |  Brazil | 17.98 (2016)[250][251] | 3,600,000 (2020)[12]
Salzburg |  Austria | 26.129 (2021)[5] | 371,032 (2021)[6]
San Angelo, TX MSA |  United States | 9.613209 (2023)[13] | 120,606 (2023)[14]
San Antonio-New Braunfels, TX (Metropolitan Statistical Area) |  United States | 182.139043 (2023)[13] | 2,703,999 (2023)[14]
San Diego-Carlsbad, CA (Metropolitan Statistical Area) |  United States | 314.943175 (2023)[13] | 3,269,973 (2023)[14]
San Francisco-Oakland-Berkeley, CA (Metropolitan Statistical Area) |  United States | 778.877804 (2023)[13] | 4,579,599 (2022)[14]
San Juan |  Puerto Rico | 45.461 (2021)[252] | 1,920,000 (2021)[22]
San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara, CA (Metropolitan Statistical Area) |  United States | 422.817456 (2023)[13] | 1,945,767 (2023)[14]
San Luis Obispo-Paso Robles, CA MSA |  United States | 22.753294 (2023)[13] | 281,639 (2023)[14]
San Marino |  San Marino | 2.047 (2025)[146] | 34,000 (2025)[146]
Gipuzkoa |  Spain | 28.194 (2021)[5] | 716,279 (2021)[6]
Sanmenxia |  China | 21.033 (2020)[63] | 2,034,872 (2020)[253]
Sanming[254] |  China | 41.043 (2024)  | 2,424,000 (2024)
Santa Cruz de Tenerife metropolitan area |  Spain | 22.093 (2021)[5] | 972,167 (2021)[6]
Santa Cruz-Watsonville, CA MSA |  United States | 20.186709 (2023)[13] | 261,547 (2023)[14]
Santa Fe, NM MSA |  United States | 9.278913 (2023)[13] | 155,956 (2023)[14]
Santa Maria-Santa Barbara, CA MSA |  United States | 38.512465 (2023)[13] | 441,257 (2023)[14]
Santa Rosa-Petaluma, CA MSA |  United States | 38.453328 (2023)[13] | 481,812 (2023)[14]
Santander metropolitan area |  Spain | 16.584 (2021)[5] | 583,655 (2021)[6]
Santiago Metropolitan Region |  Chile | 128.800 (2023)[255] | 8,050,000 (2023)[16]
Santiago de Cali |  Colombia | 22.100 (2023)[197] | 2,925,000 (2023)[16]
Santiago de los Caballeros |  Dominican Republic | 8.1 (2023)[256] | 698,000 (2024)[257]
Santo Domingo |  Dominican Republic | 37.5 (2023)[256] | 4,175,000 (2023)[16]
Santos |  Brazil | 28.609 (2011)[26] | 1,556,718 (2010)[258]
São José dos Campos |  Brazil | 30.148 (2011)[26] | 2,528,354 (2022)[259]
São José dos Pinhais |  Brazil | 14.726 (2011)[26] | 329,058 (2022)[260]
Sapporo |  Japan | 84.7 (2010)[134][177] | 1,913,545 (2010)[261]
Saskatoon |  Canada | 17.487 (2021)[7] | 339,870 (2021)[8]
Savannah, GA MSA |  United States | 32.395522 (2023)[13] | 424,935 (2023)[14]
Schweinfurt |  Germany | 13.794 (2021)[5] | 272,140 (2021)[6]
Scranton–Wilkes-Barre, PA MSA |  United States | 34.511287 (2023)[13] | 569,413 (2023)[14]
Seattle-Tacoma-Bellevue, WA (Metropolitan Statistical Area) |  United States | 566.741523 (2023)[13] | 4,044,837 (2023)[14]
Sebastian-Vero Beach, FL MSA |  United States | 10.207144 (2023)[13] | 167,352 (2022)[14]
Sebring-Avon Park, FL MSA |  United States | 3.583095 (2023)[13] | 105,618 (2022)[14]
Semarang Metropolitan |  Indonesia | 26.057 (2021)[262] | 2,275,000 (2021)[22]
Sendai |  Japan | 50 (2015)[263] | 1,082,159 (2015)[264]
Seoul Metropolitan Area |  South Korea | 1,006 (2023)[78] | 24,900,000 (2023)[16]
Seville metropolitan area |  Spain | 48.086 (2021)[5] | 1,960,919 (2021)[6]
Shanghai |  China | 757.217 (2024)[265] | 24,838,550 (2024)[266]
Shantou |  China | 34.8 (2017)[267] | 5,502,031 (2020)[268]
Shaoxing[269] |  China | 117.508 (2024)  | 5,411,500 (2024)
Sheboygan, WI MSA |  United States | 8.738603 (2023)[13] | 117,752 (2023)[14]
Sheffield |  United Kingdom | 23.701 (2023)[9][10] | 573,252 (2023)[9]
Shenyang[270] |  China | 126.755 (2024)  | 9,223,500 (2024)
Sherbrooke |  Canada | 8.261 (2021)[7] | 227,448 (2021)[8]
Sherman-Denison, TX MSA |  United States | 7.289716 (2023)[13] | 146,907 (2023)[14]
Shijiazhuang |  China | 81.252 (2018)[267] | 11,235,086 (2020)[271]
Shizuishan |  China | 7.853 (2020)[63][272] | 751,389 (2020)[273]
Shizuoka |  Japan | 45.8 (2010)[134][177] | 3,765,007 (2010)[274]
Shreveport-Bossier City, LA MSA |  United States | 27.913122 (2022)[13] | 384,943 (2022)[14]
Shuozhou |  China | 15.955 (2020)[63][275] | 1,593,444 (2020)[276]
Siegen |  Germany | 17.665 (2021)[5] | 404,578 (2021)[6]
Sierra Vista-Douglas, AZ MSA |  United States | 6.080882 (2023)[13] | 124,640 (2023)[14]
Singapore |  Singapore | 564.774 (2025)[146] | 6,077,000 (2025)[146]
Sioux City, IA-NE-SD MSA |  United States | 11.978474 (2023)[13] | 144,402 (2023)[14]
Sioux Falls, SD MSA |  United States | 30.084975 (2023)[13] | 289,592 (2022)[14]
Sofia metropolitan area |  Bulgaria | 39.335 (2021)[5] | 1,667,314 (2021)[6]
Sorocaba |  Brazil | 21.313 (2011)[26] | 779,704 (2010)[277]
South Bend-Mishawaka, IN-MI MSA |  United States | 20.547790 (2023)[13] | 324,490 (2023)[14]
Spartanburg, SC MSA |  United States | 21.159577 (2023)[13] | 383,327 (2023)[14]
Split, Croatia |  Croatia | 6.115 (2022)[5] | 423,085 (2022)[6]
Spokane-Spokane Valley, WA MSA |  United States | 39.735793 (2023)[13] | 600,292 (2023)[14]
Springfield, IL MSA |  United States | 14.899178 (2023)[13] | 205,445 (2023)[14]
Springfield, MA MSA |  United States | 42.356150 (2023)[13] | 460,291 (2023)[14]
Springfield, MO MSA |  United States | 28.577385 (2023)[13] | 491,053 (2023)[14]
Springfield, OH MSA |  United States | 5.909466 (2023)[13] | 134,610 (2023)[14]
St. Catharines–Niagara Falls |  Canada | 14.973 (2021)[7] | 441,452 (2021)[8]
St. Cloud, MN MSA |  United States | 14.190740 (2023)[13] | 202,577 (2023)[14]
St. George, UT MSA |  United States | 10.742891 (2022)[13] | 197,730 (2022)[14]
St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador |  Canada | 10.995 (2021)[7] | 214,267 (2021)[8]
St. Joseph, MO-KS MSA |  United States | 7.528526 (2023)[13] | 118,475 (2023)[14]
St. Louis, MO-IL (Metropolitan Statistical Area) |  United States | 226.548910 (2023)[13] | 2,796,999 (2023)[14]
State College, PA MSA |  United States | 10.952214 (2023)[13] | 157,795 (2023)[14]
Staunton, VA MSA |  United States | 6.760948 (2023)[13] | 126,776 (2022)[14]
Stockholm metropolitan area |  Sweden | 202.56 (2021)[5] | 2,391,990 (2021)[6]
Stockton, CA MSA |  United States | 42.836031 (2023)[13] | 793,229 (2022)[14]
Stoke-on-Trent |  United Kingdom | 9.701 (2023)[9][10] | 263,157 (2023)[9]
Strasbourg |  France | 48.99 (2021)[5] | 1,150,899 (2021)[6]
Stuttgart Metropolitan Region |  Germany | 311.132 (2022)[44] | 5,506,959 (2022)[44]
Sumter, SC MSA |  United States | 6.599335 (2023)[13] | 104,165 (2023)[14]
Sunderland |  United Kingdom | 11.133 (2023)[9][10] | 281,058 (2023)[9]
Sunshine Coast |  Australia | 13.813 (2018–19)[18] | 333,436 (2018)[278]
Surabaya Metropolitan |  Indonesia | 88.821 (2021)[279] | 6,150,000 (2021)[22]
Surat |  India | 59.8 (2017)[280] | 6,600,000 (2020)[12]
Swansea |  United Kingdom | 9.084 (2023)[9][10] | 246,742 (2023)[9]
Sydney |  Australia | 398.037 (2021)[34] | 5,400,000 (2021)[22]
Syracuse, NY MSA |  United States | 51.191017 (2023)[13] | 652,956 (2023)[14]
Szczecin metropolitan area |  Poland | 8.483 (2021)[5] | 392,527 (2021)[6]
Székesfehérvár District |  Hungary | 7.904 (2022)[5] | 418,555 (2022)[6]
Taichung |  Taiwan | 63.910 (2016)[147] | 3,033,840 (2020)[281]
Tainan |  Taiwan | 37.038 (2016)[147] | 1,875,076 (2020)[282]
Taipei–Keelung metropolitan area |  Taiwan | 407.838 (2021)[34] | 9,150,000 (2021)[22]
Taiyuan[283] |  China | 76.090 (2024)  | 5,479,700 (2024)
Taizhou[284] |  China | 98.585 (2024)  | 4,490,500 (2024)
Taizhou, Zhejiang[285] |  China | 93.466 (2024)  | 6,720,500 (2024)
Tallahassee, FL MSA |  United States | 24.529748 (2023)[13] | 392,645 (2023)[14]
Tallinn metropolitan area |  Estonia | 22.83 (2022)[5] | 614,561 (2022)[6]
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, FL (Metropolitan Statistical Area) |  United States | 243.268344 (2023)[13] | 3,342,963 (2023)[14]
Tampere |  Finland | 26.143 (2021)[5] | 520,691 (2021)[6]
Tangshan[286] |  China | 140.471 (2024)  | 7,720,900 (2024)
Taoyuan |  Taiwan | 52.010 (2016)[147] | 2,254,363 (2020)[148]
Taranto metropolitan area |  Italy | 13.59 (2021)[5] | 561,958 (2021)[6]
Tarnów metropolitan area |  Poland | 5.098 (2021)[5] | 429,276 (2021)[6]
Tbilisi |  Georgia | 14.131 (2023)[287] | 1,400,000 (2023)[16]
Tel Aviv metropolitan area |  Israel | 310.00 (2022)[288][289] | 4,156,900 (2022)[290]
Terre Haute, IN MSA |  United States | 10.300542 (2023)[13] | 168,787 (2023)[14]
Texarkana, TX-AR MSA |  United States | 7.215096 (2023)[13] | 145,907 (2023)[14]
The Hague |  Netherlands | 66.276 (2021)[5] | 1,122,240 (2021)[6]
The Villages, FL MSA |  United States | 7.137460 (2023)[13] | 144,970 (2022)[14]
Thessaloniki |  Greece | 18.926 (2021)[5] | 1,096,665 (2021)[6]
Thunder Bay |  Canada | 5.805 (2021)[7] | 125,070 (2021)[8]
Tilburg |  Netherlands | 24.617 (2021)[5] | 493,004 (2021)[6]
Timișoara metropolitan area |  Romania | 13.184 (2021)[5] | 705,500 (2021)[6]
Tokelau |  Tokelau | 0.009 (2015–16)[291] | 1,499 (2016)[292]
Toledo, OH MSA |  United States | 49.254628 (2023)[13] | 600,141 (2023)[14]
Tongling{citation needed|date=June 2025}}  |  China | 18.612 (2024)  | 1,301,500 (2024)
Toowoomba |  Australia | 7.118 (2018–19)[18] | 136,861 (2018)[248]
Topeka, KS MSA |  United States | 15.156457 (2023)[13] | 232,322 (2023)[14]
Toulouse Métropole |  France | 69.818 (2021)[5] | 1,434,439 (2021)[6]
Tours Métropole Val de Loire |  France | 23.164 (2021)[5] | 612,237 (2021)[6]
Townsville |  Australia | 9.075 (2018–19)[18] | 180,820 (2018)[293]
Trinational Eurodistrict of Basel |  Switzerland | 76.782 (2021)[5] | 716,546 (2021)[6]
Trenton-Princeton, NJ MSA |  United States | 53.002639 (2023)[13] | 381,671 (2023)[14]
Trois-Rivières |  Canada | 6.119 (2021)[7] | 165,037 (2021)[8]
Trondheim Region |  Norway | 30.919 (2021)[5] | 471,124 (2021)[6]
Tucson, AZ MSA |  United States | 62.169929 (2023)[13] | 1,063,162 (2023)[14]
Tulsa, OK MSA |  United States | 67.510846 (2023)[13] | 1,044,757 (2023)[14]
Turin metropolitan area |  Italy | 89.713 (2021)[5] | 2,219,206 (2021)[6]
Turku metropolitan area |  Finland | 23.664 (2021)[5] | 481,403 (2021)[6]
Tuscaloosa, AL MSA |  United States | 14.767427 (2023)[13] | 278,290 (2023)[14]
Twin Falls, Idaho |  United States | 5.878 (2021)[13] | 116,645 (2021)[294]
Tyler, TX MSA |  United States | 15.683898 (2023)[13] | 245,209 (2023)[14]
Tyneside[note 2] |  United Kingdom | 35.206 (2023)[9][10] | 872,154 (2023)[9]
Uberlandia |  Brazil | 14.728 (2011)[26] | 604,013 (2010)[295]
Ulm |  Germany | 28.437 (2021)[5] | 500,432 (2021)[6]
Uppsala |  Sweden | 22.566 (2021)[5] | 388,394 (2021)[6]
Urban Honolulu, HI MSA |  United States | 81.675550 (2023)[13] | 989,408 (2023)[14]
Ürümqi[296] |  China | 58.532 (2024)  | 4,084,800 (2024)
Utica-Rome, NY MSA |  United States | 16.282294 (2023)[13] | 287,039 (2023)[14]
Utrecht |  Netherlands | 98.493 (2021)[5] | 1,361,153 (2021)[6]
Valdosta, GA MSA |  United States | 7.679252 (2023)[13] | 151,118 (2023)[14]
Valencia metropolitan area |  Spain | 72.631 (2021)[5] | 2,574,888 (2021)[6]
Valladolid |  Spain | 16.906 (2021)[5] | 519,091 (2021)[6]
Vallejo, CA MSA |  United States | 37.156243 (2023)[13] | 449,218 (2023)[14]
Valletta |  Malta | 17.603 (2022)[5] | 486,087 (2022)[6]
Varna, Bulgaria |  Bulgaria | 5.096 (2021)[5] | 470,124 (2021)[6]
Burgas Province |  Bulgaria | 3.914 (2021)[5] | 409,750 (2021)[6]
Verona metropolitan area |  Italy | 38.437 (2021)[5] | 927,810 (2021)[6]
Victoria, British Columbia |  Canada | 19.428 (2021)[7] | 413,859 (2021)[8]
Victoria, TX MSA |  United States | 6.323208 (2023)[13] | 98,808 (2023)[14]
Vienna |  Austria | 165.969 (2021)[5] | 2,890,577 (2021)[6]
Vigo metropolitan area |  Spain | 26.005 (2021)[5] | 943,430 (2021)[6]
Vilnius urban area |  Lithuania | 30.915 (2022)[297][199] | 868,341 (2022)[298]
Vineland-Bridgeton, NJ MSA |  United States | 8.208721 (2023)[13] | 151,356 (2022)[14]
Virginia Beach-Norfolk-Newport News, VA-NC (Metropolitan Statistical Area) |  United States | 127.459149 (2023)[13] | 1,660,000 (2023)[16]
Visalia, CA MSA |  United States | 24.256732 (2022)[13] | 477,884 (2022)[14]
Vishakhapatnam |  India | 43.5 (2017)[280] | 2,200,000 (2020)[12]
Vitória |  Brazil | 28.357 (2011)[26] | 1,857,616 (2022)[299]
Vitoria-Gasteiz |  Spain | 15.304 (2021)[5] | 329,758 (2021)[6]
Waco, TX MSA |  United States | 18.135219 (2023)[13] | 304,865 (2023)[14]
Wagga Wagga |  Australia | 4.392 (2018–19)[18] | 56,442 (2018)[109]
Walla Walla, WA MSA |  United States | 4.362362 (2023)[13] | 61,568 (2023)[14]
Warner Robins, GA MSA |  United States | 10.549159 (2023)[13] | 200,779 (2023)[14]
Warsaw metropolitan area |  Poland | 117.972 (2021)[49] | 3,242,890 (2021)[6]
Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV (Metropolitan Statistical Area) |  United States | 714.685087 (2023)[13] | 6,304,975 (2023)[14]
Waterloo-Cedar Falls, IA MSA |  United States | 12.521946 (2023)[13] | 168,162 (2023)[14]
Watertown-Fort Drum, NY MSA |  United States | 8.037177 (2023)[13] | 114,787 (2023)[14]
Wausau-Weston, WI MSA |  United States | 12.711703 (2023)[13] | 166,334 (2022)[14]
Weihai[300] |  China | 52.356 (2024)  | 2,914,100 (2024)
Weirton-Steubenville, WV-OH MSA |  United States | 7.568043 (2023)[13] | 113,544 (2023)[14]
Wellington |  New Zealand | 26.607 (2022)[301] | 440,900 (2022)[52]
Wenatchee, WA MSA |  United States | 9.343442 (2023)[13] | 124,118 (2022)[14]
Wenzhou[302] |  China | 136.467 (2024)  | 9,806,500 (2024)
Wetzlar |  Germany | 10.746 (2021)[5] | 253,373 (2021)[6]
Wheeling, WV-OH MSA |  United States | 12.658006 (2023)[13] | 135,517 (2023)[14]
Wichita Falls, TX MSA |  United States | 8.256094 (2023)[13] | 149,947 (2023)[14]
Wichita, KS MSA |  United States | 46.468045 (2023)[13] | 652,939 (2023)[14]
Williamsport, PA MSA |  United States | 7.486729 (2023)[13] | 112,724 (2023)[14]
Wilmington, NC MSA |  United States | 21.996036 (2023)[13] | 467,337 (2023)[14]
Winchester, VA-WV MSA |  United States | 9.988848 (2023)[13] | 147,260 (2023)[14]
Windsor, Ontario |  Canada | 14.421 (2021)[7] | 351,213 (2021)[8]
Winnipeg Metropolitan Region |  Canada | 38.71 (2021)[7] | 858,848 (2021)[8]
Winston-Salem, NC MSA |  United States | 44.750605 (2023)[13] | 695,630 (2023)[14]
Wollongong |  Australia | 5.624 (2018–19)[18] | 300,332 (2018–19)[303]
Worcester, MA-CT MSA |  United States | 64.135380 (2023)[13] | 980,137 (2022)[14]
Wrocław metropolitan area |  Poland | 19.608 (2021)[5] | 670,219 (2021)[6]
Wuhai[304][38] |  China | 8.363 (2024)  | 556,750 (2024)
Wuhan[305] |  China | 296.365 (2024)  | 13,791,550 (2024)
Wuhu{citation needed|date=June 2025}}  |  China | 71.900 (2024)  | 3,776,500 (2024)
Würzburg |  Germany | 26.245 (2021)[5] | 507,323 (2021)[6]
Wuxi[306] |  China | 228.362 (2024)  | 7,500,000 (2024)
Xi'an[307] |  China | 187.003 (2024)  | 13,122,900 (2024)
Xiamen[308] |  China | 120.603 (2024)  | 5,338,500 (2024)
Xiangtan[309] |  China | 41.522 (2024)  | 2,696,500 (2024)
Xiangyang[310] |  China | 85.688 (2024)  | 5,279,100 (2024)
Xilingol[311] |  China | 17.355 (2024)  | 1,114,500 (2024)
Xinyu |  China | 14.517 (2020)[63][169] | 1,202,499 (2020)[170]
Xuchang |  China | 50.008 (2020)[63] | 4,379,998 (2020)[253]
Xuzhou[312] |  China | 133.916 (2024)  | 9,015,000 (2024)
Yakima, WA MSA |  United States | 13.357488 (2023)[13] | 256,643 (2023)[14]
Yan'an[313] |  China | 33.466 (2024)  | 2,254,650 (2024)
Yancheng[314] |  China | 109.232 (2024)  | 6,680,000 (2024)
Yangzhou[315] |  China | 109.660 (2024)  | 4,585,900 (2024)
Yantai[316] |  China | 151.408 (2024)  | 7,033,700 (2024)
Yerevan |  Armenia | 5.23 (2018)[317] | 1,500,000 (2020)[12]
Yichang[318] |  China | 86.933 (2024)  | 3,925,250 (2024)
Yingtan[170][169] |  China | 19.438 (2024)  | 1,148,350 (2024)
York |  United Kingdom | 11.543 (2023)[9][10] | 206,780 (2023)[9]
York-Hanover, PA MSA |  United States | 27.867147 (2023)[13] | 464,640 (2023)[14]
Youngstown-Warren-Boardman, OH-PA MSA |  United States | 26.178157 (2023)[13] | 535,499 (2022)[14]
Yuba City, CA MSA |  United States | 9.225272 (2023)[13] | 183,670 (2023)[14]
Yueyang[319] |  China | 72.001 (2024)  | 4,989,450 (2024)
Yulin[citation needed] |  China | 105.995 (2024)  | 3,607,300 (2024)
Yuma, AZ MSA |  United States | 9.883 (2022)[13] | 208,874 (2022)[14]
Yuxi[320] |  China | 36.257 (2024)  | 2,265,500 (2024)
Zagreb metropolitan area |  Croatia | 30.307 (2022)[5] | 1,187,450 (2022)[6]
Zaragoza metropolitan area |  Spain | 32.994 (2021)[5] | 976,473 (2021)[6]
Zhangzhou[321] |  China | 85.144 (2024)  | 5,069,500 (2024)
Zhengzhou[322] |  China | 204.054 (2024)  | 13,047,000 (2024)
Zhenjiang[323] |  China | 77.791 (2024)  | 3,227,000 (2024)
Zhuhai[324] |  China | 62.893 (2024)  | 2,506,300 (2024)
Zhoushan[325] |  China | 31.260 (2024)  | 1,174,500 (2024)
Zhuzhou[326] |  China | 54.797 (2024)  | 3,844,900 (2024)
Zibo[327] |  China | 68.580 (2024)  | 4,655,350 (2024)
Zurich Metropolitan Area |  Switzerland | 216.392 (2021)[5] | 2,123,236 (2021)[6]
Zwolle |  Netherlands | 20.455 (2021)[5] | 377,292 (2021)[6]

## Cities (metropolitan areas) by percentage of national GDP

[edit]

This table contains only the first metropolitan area from a given country by GDP. Data for metropolitan areas is as in the previous section of this article. Data for countries is from List of countries by GDP (nominal) (IMF). Luxembourg City-Trier is partially in France but only Luxembourg's national GDP is considered.

Metropolitan area  | GDP
(billion USD)  | Country  | National GDP
(billion USD)  | % of
national GDP

|
|
|
|

Valletta  | 17.603  | Malta | 19.225  | 91.563
City of San Marino  | 1.54  | San Marino | 1.70  | 90.872
Luxembourg City-Trier  | 69.45  | Luxembourg | 86.90  | 79.925
Montevideo  | 53.9  | Uruguay | 70.165  | 76.819
Riga  | 27.156  | Latvia | 39.469  | 68.803
Dhaka  | 285.1  | Bangladesh | 451.534  | 63.140
Tallinn  | 22.83  | Estonia | 38.401  | 59.452
Tel Aviv  | 310.00  | Israel | 527.694  | 58.746
Seoul  | 1006  | South Korea | 1839.058  | 54.702
Abu Dhabi  | 277.93  | United Arab Emirates | 514.130  | 54.058
Taipei  | 407.838  | Taiwan | 773.038  | 52.758
Abidjan  | 27  | Ivory Coast | 52.512  | 51.417
Dublin  | 272.454  | Ireland | 531.66  | 51.246
Bangkok  | 252.128  | Thailand | 495.622  | 50.871
Budapest  | 86.176  | Hungary | 177.788  | 48.471
Karachi  | 176.2  | Pakistan | 374.850  | 47.005
Copenhagen  | 188.321  | Denmark | 401.946  | 46.852
Sofia  | 39.335  | Bulgaria | 84.1  | 46.772
Tbilisi  | 14.131  | Georgia | 30.536  | 46.277
Athens  | 97.486  | Greece | 214.486  | 45.486
Cairo  | 190.200  | Egypt | 423.300  | 44.933
Helsinki  | 125.166  | Finland | 280.462  | 44.629
Vilnius  | 30.915  | Lithuania | 71.134  | 43.46
Lima  | 114.400  | Peru | 266.912  | 42.861
Zagreb  | 30.307  | Croatia | 72.059  | 42.059
Yerevan  | 5.23  | Armenia | 12.458  | 41.981
Tokyo  | 2080.758  | Japan | 5054.094  | 41.170
Belgrade  | 25.31  | Serbia | 62.787  | 40.311
Manila  | 162.3  | Philippines | 404.353  | 40.099
Kuala Lumpur  | 159.603  | Malaysia | 399.705  | 39.930
Ljubljana  | 23.092  | Slovenia | 59.975  | 38.503
Prague  | 115.803  | Czech Republic | 301.831  | 38.367
Addis Ababa  | 61.2  | Ethiopia | 159.747  | 38.311
Buenos Aires  | 235.600  | Argentina | 645.511  | 36.498
Brussels  | 211.091  | Belgium | 584.073  | 36.141
Lisbon  | 92.003  | Portugal | 255.398  | 36.023
Casablanca  | 47.000  | Morocco | 130.952  | 35.891
Auckland  | 88.540  | New Zealand | 252.236  | 35.102
Kabul  | 6.00  | Afghanistan | 17.329  | 34.624
Vienna  | 165.969  | Austria | 479.614  | 34.605
Bogotá  | 121.800  | Colombia | 363.570  | 33.501
Johannesburg  | 134.682  | South Africa | 406.755  | 33.111
Stockholm  | 202.56  | Sweden | 637.187  | 31.79
Paris  | 929.963  | France | 3052.712  | 30.464
Istanbul  | 275.365  | Turkey | 905.800  | 30.400
Bucharest  | 79.977  | Romania | 286.015  | 27.963
Bratislava  | 32.338  | Slovakia | 115.676  | 27.956
Minsk  | 19.913  | Belarus | 71.792  | 27.737
Nairobi  | 30  | Kenya | 108.747  | 27.587
Zurich  | 216.392  | Switzerland | 814.699  | 26.561
Jakarta  | 338.836  | Indonesia | 1319.076  | 24.711
Sydney  | 398.037  | Australia | 1658.439  | 24.001
Ho Chi Minh City  | 96.399  | Vietnam | 407.965  | 23.629
Mexico City  | 340.800  | Mexico | 1463.324  | 23.289
Lagos  | 102.010  | Nigeria | 441.632  | 23.098
London  | 768.686  | United Kingdom | 3371.118  | 22.802
Amsterdam  | 237.841  | Netherlands | 1055.173  | 22.54
Moscow  | 504.808  | Russia | 2269.899  | 22.239
Riyadh  | 243.793  | Saudi Arabia | 1,108.571  | 21.992
Almaty  | 61.406  | Kazakhstan | 284.810  | 21.560
Toronto  | 411.866  | Canada | 2007.472  | 20.517
Madrid  | 280.939  | Spain | 1462.216  | 19.213
Caracas  | 70  | Venezuela | 372.592  | 18.787
Dar es Salaam  | 10.4  | Tanzania | 58.797  | 17.688
Kyiv  | 27.5  | Ukraine | 156.579  | 17.563
Warsaw  | 117.972  | Poland | 681.429  | 17.312
Oslo  | 83.936  | Norway | 503.368  | 16.675
São Paulo  | 319.300  | Brazil | 2173.671  | 14.689
Delhi  | 521.5  | India | 3567.552  | 14.618
Rhine-Ruhr  | 634.437  | Germany | 4351.188  | 14.581
Milan  | 270.171  | Italy | 2180.657  | 12.389
New York  | 2298.868394  | United States | 27720.725  | 8.293
Shanghai  | 757.217  | China | 18273.100  | 4.144

## Cities by wealth

[edit]

World's 15 richest cities in 2017[328] City  | Wealth  | Country/Region

|
|

New York City | $3 trillion  |  United States
London | $2.7 trillion  |  United Kingdom
Tokyo | $2.5 trillion  |  Japan
San Francisco | $2.3 trillion  |  United States
Beijing | $2.2 trillion  |  China
Shanghai | $2 trillion  |  China
Los Angeles | $1.4 trillion  |  United States
Hong Kong | $1.3 trillion  |  Hong Kong
Sydney | $1 trillion  |  Australia
Singapore | $1 trillion  |  Singapore
Chicago | $0.98 trillion  |  United States
Mumbai | $0.94 trillion  |  India
Toronto | $0.94 trillion  |  Canada
Frankfurt | $0.91 trillion  |  Germany
Paris | $0.86 trillion  |  France

## See also

[edit]

* List of metropolitan areas by GDP over US$100 billion
* List of cheapest cities
* List of EU metropolitan areas by GDP
* List of U.S. metropolitan areas by GDP
* List of most expensive cities for expatriate employees
* Largest country subdivisions by GDP
* List of ASEAN country subdivisions by GDP
* Cities portal

## Notes

[edit]

1. ^ Katowice-Ostrava includes Katowice metropolitan area, Ostrava metropolitan area and Bielsko-Biała metropolitan area.
2. ^ Tyneside includes Newcastle upon Tyne and the metropolitan boroughs of Gateshead, North Tyneside and South Tyneside.

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[edit]

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211. ^ "Dollar Yuan Exchange Rate - 35 Year Historical Chart". www.macrotrends.net. Retrieved 30 May 2023.
212. ^ "Guăngxī (China): Prefectural Division & Major Cities - Population Statistics, Maps, Charts, Weather and Web Information". www.citypopulation.de. Retrieved 30 May 2023.
213. ^ The GDP data of prefecture-level cities in Fujian are from the statistical communiqué on 2020 national economic and social development published by the statistical agencies of prefecture-level cities, see 2020年福建各市GDP排名，福州、泉州双双破万亿，厦门暂居第三. sohu.com. 9 April 2021. Retrieved 24 August 2021.
214. ^ The population data of prefecture-level cities in Fujian are from the Communiqué of the Seventh National Population Census (No. 2) of Fujian, see 福建省第七次全国人口普查公报（第二号）. Fujian.gov.cn. 20 May 2021. Retrieved 24 August 2021.
215. ^ "Delhi NCT". C40 Cities. Retrieved 12 August 2024.
216. ^ "New Bern (Metropolitan Statistical Area, Metropolitan Areas, USA) - Population Statistics, Charts, Map and Location". citypopulation.de. Retrieved 15 February 2024.
217. ^ "Australia: Agglomerations - Population Statistics, Maps, Charts, Weather and Web Information". citypopulation.de. Retrieved 15 February 2024.
218. ^ Yoshitsugu Kanemoto. "Metropolitan Employment Area (MEA) Data". Center for Spatial Information Science, The University of Tokyo. Archived from the original on 15 June 2018. Retrieved 29 September 2016.
219. ^ "Japan: Prefectures and Major Cities - Population Statistics, Maps, Charts, Weather and Web Information". citypopulation.de. Retrieved 15 February 2024.
220. ^ "zh:2024年宁德市经济运行情况分析" (Press release). ningde.gov.cn. 26 January 2025. Retrieved 10 April 2025. "zh: 2024年宁德人口" (Press release). ningde.gov.cn. 24 March 2025. Retrieved 10 April 2025.
221. ^ The GDP2020 data of Nyingchi are from the statistical communiqué on 2020 national economic and social development of Nyingchi published by Statistics Bureau of Nyingchi City, see 2020年林芝市国民经济和社会发展统计公报. Linzhi.gov.cn. 11 May 2021. Retrieved 24 August 2021.
222. ^ The population data of Nyingchi are from the Communiqué on major data of the Seventh National Census of Nyingchi, see 林芝市第七次全国人口普查主要数据公报. linzhi.gov.cn. 17 June 2021. Retrieved 24 August 2021.
223. ^ "Okayama (Japan): Prefecture, Major Cities & Towns - Population Statistics, Maps, Charts, Weather and Web Information". citypopulation.de. Retrieved 15 February 2024.
224. ^ "Statistical communiqué of Ordos on the 2024 national economic and social development / zh: 鄂尔多斯市2024年国民经济和社会发展统计公报" (Press release). ordos.gov.cn. 3 April 2025. Retrieved 7 April 2025.
225. ^ a b Badan Pusat Statistik Sumatra Barat (2022). Produk Domestik Regional Bruto Kabupaten/kota di Sumatra Barat 2019-2021. Padang: Badan Pusat Statistik.
226. ^ Badan Pusat Statistik Sumatra Selatan (2022). Produk Domestik Regional Bruto Kabupaten/kota di Sumatra Selatan 2019-2021. Palembang: Badan Pusat Statistik.
227. ^ "Statistical communiqué of Panjin on the 2024 national economic and social development / zh: 2024年盘锦市国民经济和社会发展统计公报" (Press release). panjin.gov.cn. 2 April 2025. Retrieved 10 April 2025.
228. ^ For the economic performance of Panzhihua in 2024, refer to "Economic performance of Panzhihua in 2024 / zh: 2024年攀枝花市经济运行情况" (Press release). panzhihua.gov.cn. 10 April 2025. Retrieved 15 April 2024. For the permanent population in 2024, refer to "Sichuan Panzhihua's permanent population has been growing for four consecutive years / zh: 四川攀枝花常住人口连续四年正增长" (Press release). Inner-BAIDU.COM. 28 February 2025. Retrieved 15 April 2024.
229. ^ "District Domestic Product 2004–05 to 2011–12". Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Department of Planning and Development, Government of Bihar. Retrieved 10 November 2021.
230. ^ Badan Pusat Statistik Riau (2022). Produk Domestik Regional Bruto Kabupaten/kota di Riau 2019-2021. Pekanbaru: Badan Pusat Statistik.
231. ^ "Perth (Australia): Statistical Areas of Significant Urban Area - Population Statistics, Charts and Map". citypopulation.de. Retrieved 15 February 2024.
232. ^ "Porto Alegre (Urban Agglomeration, Urban Agglomerations, Brazil) - Population Statistics, Charts, Map and Location". citypopulation.de. Retrieved 15 February 2024.
233. ^ "PIB por Entidad Federativa (PIBE) en 2019, Base 2013" (in Spanish). INEGI. Retrieved 13 February 2021.
234. ^ "Puebla Agglomeration (Mexico): Localities and Statistical Areas - Population Statistics, Charts and Map". citypopulation.de. Retrieved 15 February 2024.
235. ^ "Richest Cities Of India". businessworld.in/. Retrieved 13 July 2023.
236. ^ "Richest Cities Of India". IndiaTimes.com. 22 October 2021. Retrieved 13 July 2023.
237. ^ Chakravorty, Abhimanyu (13 April 2016). "From Gurgaon to Gurugram: 20 cities that changed their names". The Indian Express. Archived from the original on 30 April 2018. Retrieved 29 April 2018.
238. ^ "Pune (District, Maharashtra, India) - Population Statistics, Charts, Map and Location". citypopulation.de. Retrieved 15 February 2024.
239. ^ population 莆田市常住人口319.2万人. putian.gov.cn. March 2025. Retrieved 12 March 2025. economy 2024年12月 地区生产总值. putian.gov.cn. 26 January 2025. Retrieved 14 March 2025.
240. ^ "Statistical communiqué of Qingdao on the 2024 national economic and social development / zh: 2024年青岛市国民经济和社会发展统计公报" (Press release). qingdao.gov.cn. 8 April 2025. Retrieved 10 April 2025.
241. ^ Quanzhou Economic Indicators "zh: 2024年泉州经济运行稳中提质" (Press release). quanzhou.gov.cn. 26 January 2025. Retrieved 6 March 2025. quanzhou resident population "zh:2024年泉州常住人口净增3.1万人 人口总量保持全省首位" (Press release). baijiahao.baidu.com. 28 February 2025. Retrieved 6 March 2024.
242. ^ "TelluBase—Ecuador Fact Sheet (Tellusant Public Service Series)" (PDF). Tellusant. Retrieved 11 January 2024.
243. ^ "zh:2024年衢州经济运行情况" (Press release). zjtj.gov.cn. 21 January 2025. Retrieved 6 March 2025.
244. ^ "Recife – IBGE Cidades". IBGE. Archived from the original on 21 December 2016. Retrieved 14 December 2016.
245. ^ "Recife (Urban Agglomeration, Urban Agglomerations, Brazil) - Population Statistics, Charts, Map and Location". citypopulation.de. Retrieved 19 February 2024.
246. ^ "Bruttoinlandsprodukt (BIP) in den Metropolregionen* in Deutschland im Jahr 2020" (in German).
247. ^ "PIB por Unidade da Federação, 2021". ibge.gov.br.
248. ^ a b "3218.0 – Regional Population Growth, Australia, 2017-18: Population Estimates by Significant Urban Area, 2008 to 2018". Australian Bureau of Statistics. 27 March 2019. Archived from the original on 27 March 2019. Retrieved 25 October 2019. Estimated resident population, 30 June 2018.
249. ^ "Валовой региональный продукт по субъектам Российской Федерации в 2016-2021гг". www.rosstat.gov.ru.
250. ^ Do G1, em São Paulo. "2013 GDPs". Terra (in Portuguese). Terra.com. Archived from the original on 25 March 2014. Retrieved 24 March 2014.`{{cite web}}`: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
251. ^ Já, Bahia. "IBGE: SALVADOR ocupa 22º lugar no ranking per capita do PIB/2011". Bahia Já. Archived from the original on 16 October 2014.
252. ^ "SAN JUAN, PR", datausa.io
253. ^ a b "China: Hénán (Prefectures, Cities, Districts and Counties) - Population Statistics, Charts and Map". www.citypopulation.de.
254. ^ "Statistical communiqué of Sanming on the 2024 national economic and social development / zh:三明市2024年国民经济和社会发展统计公报" (Press release). sanming.gov.cn. 9 April 2025. Retrieved 18 April 2025.
255. ^ "TelluBase—Chile Fact Sheet (Tellusant Public Service Series)" (PDF). Tellusant. Retrieved 11 January 2024.
256. ^ a b TelluBase
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257. ^ "Santiago, Dominican Republic Metro Area Population 1950-2024". www.macrotrends.net. Retrieved 4 August 2024.
258. ^ "Baixada Santista (Urban Agglomeration, Urban Agglomerations, Brazil) - Population Statistics, Charts, Map and Location". www.citypopulation.de. Retrieved 19 February 2024.
259. ^ "São José dos Campos (Urban Agglomeration, Urban Agglomerations, Brazil) - Population Statistics, Charts, Map and Location". www.citypopulation.de. Retrieved 19 February 2024.
260. ^ "Municipal Districts in São José dos Pinhais (Paraná, Brazil) - Population Statistics, Charts, Map, Location, Weather and Web Information". www.citypopulation.de. Retrieved 19 February 2024.
261. ^ "Sapporo (City (-shi), Hokkaidō, Japan) - Population Statistics, Charts, Map and Location". www.citypopulation.de. Retrieved 19 February 2024.
262. ^ Badan Pusat Statistik Jawa Tengah (2022). Produk Domestik Regional Bruto Kabupaten/kota di Jawa Tengah 2019-2021. Semarang: Badan Pusat Statistik.
263. ^ "経済活動別 市内総生産（名目）". May 2018. Retrieved 30 June 2019.
264. ^ "Sendai (City (-shi), Miyagi, Japan) - Population Statistics, Charts, Map and Location". www.citypopulation.de. Retrieved 19 February 2024.
265. ^ "2024年上海市生产总值_上海市生产总值_上海市统计局". tjj.sh.gov.cn. Retrieved 5 April 2025.
266. ^ "Statistical communiqué of Shanghai on the 2024 national economic and social development / zh: 2024年上海市国民经济和社会发展统计公报" (Press release). shanghai.gov.cn. 25 March 2025. Retrieved 25 March 2025.
267. ^ a b "Shanghai first Chinese city to top 3 trillion yuan GDP". China Daily. Archived from the original on 20 January 2018. Retrieved 20 January 2018.
268. ^ "Guăngdōng (China): Prefectural Division & Major Cities - Population Statistics, Maps, Charts, Weather and Web Information". www.citypopulation.de. Retrieved 19 February 2024.
269. ^ "zh:2024年绍兴经济运行情况" (Press release). shaoxing.gov.cn. 24 January 2025. Retrieved 6 March 2024.
270. ^ "Statistical communiqué of Shenyang on the 2024 national economic and social development / zh: 沈阳市2024年国民经济和社会发展统计公报" (Press release). shenyang.gov.cn. 23 April 2025. Retrieved 23 April 2025.
271. ^ "Hébĕi (China): Prefectural Division & Major Cities - Population Statistics, Maps, Charts, Weather and Web Information". www.citypopulation.de. Retrieved 19 February 2024.
272. ^ The GDP data of Shizuishan are from the statistical communiqué on 2020 national economic and social development of Shizuishan, see 石嘴山市2020年国民经济和社会发展统计公报. sohu.com. 25 May 2021. Retrieved 26 August 2021.
273. ^ The population data of Shizuishan are from the Communiqué of the Seventh National Population Census (No. 2) of Shizuishan, see 石嘴山市第七次全国人口普查公报（第二号）. shizuishan.gov.cn. 3 June 2021. Retrieved 26 August 2021.
274. ^ "Japan: Prefectures and Major Cities - Population Statistics, Maps, Charts, Weather and Web Information". www.citypopulation.de. Retrieved 22 February 2024.
275. ^ The GDP data of Shuozhou are from the statistical communiqué on 2020 national economic and social development of Shuozhou, see 2020年朔州市国民经济和社会发展统计公报. Shuozhou.gov.cn. 3 May 2021. Retrieved 26 August 2021.
276. ^ The population data of Shuozhou are from the Communiqué of the Seventh National Population Census of Shuozhou, see 朔州市第七次全国人口普查公报. sohu.com. 4 June 2021. Retrieved 26 August 2021.
277. ^ "Sorocaba (Urban Agglomeration, Urban Agglomerations, Brazil) - Population Statistics, Charts, Map and Location". www.citypopulation.de. Retrieved 19 February 2024.
278. ^ "3218.0 – Regional Population Growth, Australia, 2017–18: Population Estimates by Significant Urban Area, 2008 to 2018". Australian Bureau of Statistics. 27 March 2019. Archived from the original on 27 March 2019. Retrieved 25 October 2019. Estimated resident population, 30 June 2018.
279. ^ Badan Pusat Statistik Jawa Timur (2022). Produk Domestik Regional Bruto Kabupaten/kota di Jawa Timur 2019-2021. Surabaya: Badan Pusat Statistik.
280. ^ a b Haritas, Bhragu. "Richest Cities Of India". BW Businessworld. Archived from the original on 2 March 2020. Retrieved 19 April 2020.
281. ^ "Taizhong Shi (Special Municipality, Taiwan) - Population Statistics, Charts, Map and Location". www.citypopulation.de. Retrieved 19 February 2024.
282. ^ "Taiwan: Counties and Cities - Population Statistics, Maps, Charts, Weather and Web Information". www.citypopulation.de. Retrieved 19 February 2024.
283. ^ "Statistical communiqué of Taiyuan on the 2024 national economic and social development / zh:太原市2024年国民经济和社会发展统计公报" (Press release). taiyuan.gov.cn. 15 April 2025. Retrieved 16 April 2025.
284. ^ "Statistical communiqué of Taizhou on the 2024 national economic and social development / zh:2024年泰州市国民经济和社会发展统计公报" (Press release). taizhou.gov.cn. 24 March 2025. Retrieved 28 April 2025.
285. ^ "zh:2024年台州经济运行情况" (Press release). zjtj.gov.cn. 24 January 2025. Retrieved 6 March 2025.
286. ^ "Hebei sees its first trillion-yuan GDP city / zh:河北迎来首个万亿GDP城市" (Press release). inewsweek.cn. 11 February 2025. Retrieved 21 April 2025. the permanent population of Tangshan in 2024 "permanent population and urbanization rate of Tangshan and its subordinate counties (cities and districts) by the end of 2024 / zh:2024年末（唐山）全市各县（市、区）常住人口和城镇化率". Tangshan.gov.cn. 18 March 2025. Retrieved 21 April 2025.
287. ^ "რეგიონული სტატისტიკა - საქართველოს სტატისტიკის ეროვნული სამსახური". www.geostat.ge.
288. ^ "Instead of talking about national economy, we should talk about cities". www.calcalist.co.il. 17 November 2011.
289. ^ "World Economic Outlook database: October 2023". www.imf.org.
290. ^ "LOCALITIES, POPULATION AND DENSITY PER SQ. KM. OF LAND, BY METROPOLITAN AREA(1) AND SELECTED LOCALITIES" (PDF). Central Bureau of Statistics (Israel). 15 September 2022. Retrieved 17 December 2024.
291. ^ "Tokelau's Gross Domestic Product determined for first time this century". www.tokelau.org.nz.
292. ^ Final population counts: 2016 Tokelau Census (PDF) (Report). Statistics New Zealand. November 2016. p. 3.
293. ^ "3218.0 – Regional Population Growth, Australia, 2017–18: Population Estimates by Significant Urban Area, 2008 to 2018". Australian Bureau of Statistics. 27 March 2019. Archived from the original on 27 March 2019. Retrieved 25 October 2019. Estimated resident population, 30 June 2018.
294. ^ "Twin Falls (Metropolitan Statistical Area, Metropolitan Areas, USA) - Population Statistics, Charts, Map and Location". www.citypopulation.de. Retrieved 21 February 2024.
295. ^ "Uberlândia (Municipality, Brazil) - Population Statistics, Charts, Map and Location". www.citypopulation.de. Retrieved 21 February 2024.
296. ^ "Statistical communiqué of Urumqi on the 2024 national economic and social development / zh:2024年乌鲁木齐市国民经济和社会发展统计公报" (Press release). urumqi.gov.cn. 23 April 2025. Retrieved 28 April 2025.
297. ^ "Gross domestic product (GDP) at current market prices by metropolitan regions". ec.europa.eu.
298. ^ "Resident population on 1 January". osp.stat.gov.lt. 22 January 2024.
299. ^ "Vitória (Urban Agglomeration, Urban Agglomerations, Brazil) - Population Statistics, Charts, Map and Location". www.citypopulation.de. Retrieved 21 February 2024.
300. ^ "Statistical communiqué of Weihai on the 2024 national economic and social development / zh: 威海市2024年国民经济和社会发展统计公报" (Press release). weihai.gov.cn. 14 April 2025. Retrieved 14 April 2025.
301. ^ "Regional gross domestic product: Year ended March 2022". Statistics New Zealand. 24 March 2023. Retrieved 4 April 2023.
302. ^ "zh: 2024年温州经济运行情况" (Press release). wenzhou.gov.cn. 24 January 2025. Retrieved 6 March 2025.
303. ^ "Australia: Agglomerations - Population Statistics, Maps, Charts, Weather and Web Information". www.citypopulation.de. Retrieved 21 February 2024.
304. ^ For the economic performance of Wuhai in 2024, please refer to "Economic performance of Wuhai in 2024 / zh: 2024年乌海市经济运行情况" (Press release). wuhai.gov.cn. 23 January 2025. Retrieved 14 April 2024.
305. ^ "Statistical communiqué of Wuhan on the 2024 national economic and social development / zh: 2024年武汉市国民经济和社会发展统计公报" (Press release). wuhan.gov.cn. 3 April 2025. Retrieved 10 April 2025.
306. ^ "Statistical communiqué of Wuxi on the 2024 national economic and social development / zh:2024年无锡市国民经济和社会发展统计公报" (Press release). wuxi.gov.cn. 28 April 2025. Retrieved 28 April 2025.
307. ^ "Statistical communiqué of Xi'an on the 2024 national economic and social development / zh: 西安市2024年国民经济和社会发展统计公报" (Press release). xi'an.gov.cn. 15 April 2025. Retrieved 15 April 2025.
308. ^ Xiamen Economic Indicators "zh: 解读：经济运行稳中向好 发展质效持续提升" (Press release). xiamen.gov.cn. 23 January 2025. Retrieved 6 March 2025. Xiamen resident population "zh: 2024年厦门市常住人口达535万人" (Press release). CNR. 5 March 2025. Retrieved 6 March 2024.
309. ^ "Statistical communiqué of Xiangtan on the 2024 national economic and social development / zh: 2024年湘潭市国民经济和社会发展统计公报" (Press release). xiangtan.gov.cn. 27 March 2025. Retrieved 10 April 2025.
310. ^ "Statistical communiqué of Xiangyang on the 2024 national economic and social development / zh:襄阳市2024年国民经济和社会发展统计公报" (Press release). xiangyang.gov.cn. 16 April 2025. Retrieved 17 April 2025.
311. ^ "Statistical communiqué of Xilingol League on the 2024 national economic and social development / zh:锡林郛勒盟2024年国民经济和社会发展统计公报" (Press release). Xilingol.gov.cn. 9 April 2025. Retrieved 11 April 2025.
312. ^ "Statistical communiqué of Xuzhou on the 2024 national economic and social development / zh: 徐州市2024年国民经济和社会发展统计公报" (Press release). xuzhou.gov.cn. 8 April 2025. Retrieved 14 April 2025.
313. ^ "zh: Economic performance of Yan'an in 2024" (Press release). yan'an.gov.cn. 31 January 2025. Retrieved 21 April 2025. the permanent population of Yan'an city in 2024 "population profile of Yan'an city / zh:延安市人口简介". yan'an.gov.cn. 26 March 2025. Retrieved 21 April 2025.
314. ^ "Statistical communiqué of Yancheng on the 2024 national economic and social development / zh: 盐城市2024年国民经济和社会发展统计公报" (Press release). yancheng.gov.cn. 16 April 2025. Retrieved 16 April 2025.
315. ^ "Statistical communiqué of Yangzhou on the 2024 national economic and social development / zh:2024年扬州市国民经济和社会发展统计公报" (Press release). yangzhou.gov.cn. 1 April 2025. Retrieved 10 April 2025.
316. ^ "Statistical communiqué of Yantai on the 2024 national economic and social development / zh:2024年烟台市国民经济和社会发展统计公报" (Press release). yangzhou.gov.cn. 9 April 2025. Retrieved 10 April 2025.
317. ^ "Economy". Yerevan Municipality. Archived from the original on 5 September 2019. Retrieved 28 December 2019.
318. ^ "Statistical communiqué of Yichang on the 2024 national economic and social development / zh: 宜昌市2024年国民经济和社会发展统计公报" (Press release). yichang.gov.cn. 7 April 2025. Retrieved 14 April 2025.
319. ^ "Statistical communiqué of Yueyang on the 2024 national economic and social development / zh: 2024年岳阳市国民经济和社会发展统计公报" (Press release). yueyang.gov.cn. 2 April 2025. Retrieved 10 April 2025.
320. ^ "Statistical communiqué of Yuxi on the 2024 national economic and social development / zh: 2024年玉溪市国民经济和社会发展统计公报" (Press release). yuxi.gov.cn. 17 March 2025. Retrieved 10 April 2025.
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