List of contemporary ethnic groups

List of ethnic groups in the world

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It has been suggested that this article be split into articles titled List of contemporary ethnic groups of Africa, List of contemporary ethnic groups of Oceania, List of contemporary ethnic groups of Europe, List of contemporary ethnic groups of North America, List of contemporary ethnic groups of South America and List of contemporary ethnic groups of Asia. (Discuss) (June 2025)

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The following is a list of contemporary ethnic groups. There has been constant debate over the classification of ethnic groups. Membership of an ethnic group tends to be associated with shared ancestry, history, homeland, language or dialect and cultural heritage; where the term "culture" specifically includes aspects such as religion, mythology and ritual, cuisine, dressing (clothing) style and other factors.

By the nature of the concept, ethnic groups tend to be divided into subgroups, may themselves be or not be identified as independent ethnic groups depending on the source consulted.

## Ethnic groups

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This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.

See also: List of languages by number of native speakers

The following groups are commonly identified as "ethnic groups", as opposed to ethno-linguistic phyla, national groups, racial groups or similar.[1][2]

* A
* B
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* D
* E
* F
* G
* H
* I
* J
* K
* L
* M
* N
* O
* P
* Q
* R
* S
* T
* U
* V
* W
* X
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* Z

Ethnicity  | Language(s)  | Primary homeland  | Subgroups, tribes & castes  | Religion(s)

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Abagusii | Atlantic–Congo → Bantu → Gusii | Kenya (Kisii County, Nyamira County, Kericho County, Bomet County)  | Abagetutu, Abanyaribari, Abagirango, Abanchari, Abamachoge, Ababasi  | Christianity, Traditional African religion
Abelam | Sepik → Ndu → Abelam | Papua New Guinea (East Sepik)  | Maprik (Northern Abelam), Wosera (Southern Abelam)  | Christianity
Abenaki | Algic → Algonquian → Western Abenaki, historically Algic → Algonquian → Eastern Abenaki | Canada (Quebec), United States (Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont)  |  | Abenaki religion
Abkhazians | Northwest Caucasian → Abazgi → Abkhaz | Georgia (Abkhazia)[note 1] | Sadz, Afro-Abkhazians, Byzb, Abzhui, Samurzakan  | Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy → Abkhazian Orthodoxy; Islam → Sunnism
Acehnese | Austronesian → Chamic → Acehnese | Indonesia (Aceh)  | Significant populations in Australia, Canada, Denmark, Norway, Sweden, and the United States  | Islam → Sunnism
Achagua | Arawakan → Upper Amazon Arawakan → Achagua | Colombia (Meta), Venezuela |  | Traditional religion, Christianity → Catholicism
Aché | Tupian → Guarani → Aché | Paraguay |  | Native American religion
Acholi | Nilotic → Luo → Acholi | South Sudan, Uganda (Acholiland)  | Agago, Amuru, Gulu, Kitgum, Lamwo, Nwoya, Pader, Omoro | Christianity, Islam
Adi | Sino-Tibetan → Tani → Adi | India (Arunachal Pradesh), China (Tibet)  | Abor (including Padam)  | Donyi-Polo, Christianity, Buddhism
Adjoukrou | Niger–Congo → Kwa → Adjukru | Ivory Coast (Dabou)  |  | Christianity
Afar | Afroasiatic → Cushitic → Afar | Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia (Afaria)  |  | Islam
Afemai | Atlantic–Congo → Edoid → Afenmai | Nigeria (Edo State)  |  | Christianity
Afghan Tatars | Turkic → Kipchak → Tatar → Afghan Tatar; Indo-European → Iranic → Dari, Pashto; Turkic → Karluk → Uzbek; Turkic → Oghuz → Turkmen | Afghanistan (Afghan Turkestan)  |  | Islam → Sunnism → Hanafism
African-Americans | Indo-European → Germanic → English → American English; Indo-European → French Creole → Louisiana Creole; Indo-European → English Creole → Gullah, Afro-Seminole Creole; Francosign → ASLic → American Sign → Black American Sign | Southern United States, Mexico (Coahuila)  | Black Southerners, Creoles of color, Black Native Americans (including Freedmen (including Black Seminoles (including Mascogos), Cherokee Freedmen, Choctaw Freedmen, Creek Freedmen)), Gullah, Samaná Americans, Affrilachians, Afro-Romani Americans, along with significant populations in France, Africa (including Ghana), Israel, and Canada | Christianity → Protestantism → Black church; Hoodoo; Islam
Afrikaners | Indo-European → Germanic → Dutch → Afrikaans | South Africa  |  | Christianity → Protestantism → Calvinism
Afro-Anguillians | Indo-European → Germanic → English; Indo-European → English-based creoles → Antiguan and Barbudan Creole → Anguillian Creole | Anguilla |  | Christianity
Afro–Antiguans and Barbudans | Indo-European → Germanic → English → Antiguan and Barbudan English; Indo-European → English-based creoles → Antiguan and Barbudan Creole | Antigua and Barbuda | Barbudans | Christianity → Catholicism, Protestantism → Anglicanism, Methodism, Calvinism, Baptist;
Afro-Argentines | Indo-European → Romance → Spanish → Rioplatense Spanish | Argentina |  | Christianity → Catholicism
Afro-Arubans | Indo-European → Portuguese-based creoles → Papiamento; Indo-European → Germanic → Dutch, English; Indo-European → Romance → Spanish | Aruba |  | Christianity
Afro-Bahamians | Indo-European → Germanic → English → Bahamian English; Indo-European → English-based creoles → Bahamian Creole | The Bahamas |  | Christianity
Afro-Barbadians | Indo-European → Germanic → English → Bajan English; Indo-European → English-based creoles → Bajan Creole | Barbados |  | Christianity
Afro-Bermudians | Indo-European → Germanic → English → Bermudian English; Indo-European → English-based creoles → Jamaican Patois → Bermudian Creole | Bermuda |  | Christianity
Afro-Bolivians | Indo-European → Romance → Spanish → Bolivian Spanish | Bolivia (Bolivian Yungas)  |  | Christianity → Catholicism
Afro-Brazilians | Indo-European → Romance → Portuguese → Brazilian Portuguese, Cafundó | Brazil  |  | Christianity → Catholicism
Afro-Chileans | Indo-European → Romance → Spanish → Chilean Spanish | Chile (Arica y Parinacota Region, Tarapacá Region and Santiago Metropolitan Region)  |  | Christianity → Catholicism
Afro-Colombians | Indo-European → Romance → Spanish → Colombian Spanish; Indo-European → Spanish-based creole → Palenquero; Indo-European → English-based creole → San Andres-Providencia Creole | Colombia (Pacific region, Caribbean region)  | Palenques, Raizals | Christianity → Catholicism
Afro–Costa Ricans | Indo-European → Romance → Spanish → Costa Rican Spanish; Indo-European → English-based creole → Limonese Creole | Costa Rica (Puerto Limon, San Jose, Alajuela, Heredia)  |  | Christianity → Catholicism, Protestantism
Afro-Cubans | Indo-European → Romance → Portuguese, Spanish → Cuban Spanish; Indo-European → Germanic → English; Cuban Sign Language; Atlantic–Congo → Yoruboid → Lucumí; Atlantic–Congo and Indo-European → Kongo and Bozal Spanish → Habla Congo | Cuba | Ganga-Longoba, Afro-Cuban Roma | Christianity → Catholicism, Protestantism; Islam; Afro-American religions: Abakuá, Arará religion, Cuban Vodú, Palo, Santería
Afro-Curaçaoans | Indo-European → Germanic → Dutch, English; Indo-European → Portuguese-based creole → Papiamento; Indo-European → Romance → Spanish | Curaçao |  | Christianity
Afro-Dominicans (Dominica)  | Indo-European → Germanic → English; Indo-European → French-based creole → Dominican Creole French | Dominica |  | Christianity → Catholicism, Protestantism
Afro-Dominicans (Dominican Republic)  | Indo-European → Romance → Spanish → Dominican Spanish; Indo-European → Germanic → English → Samaná English | Dominican Republic | Samaná Americans | Christianity → Protestantism, Catholicism; Dominican Vudú
Afro-Ecuadorians | Various African languages → Forced loss of languages due to slavery in the Americas
Spanish (adopted language)  | Ecuador (Esmeraldas Province, Guayaquil, Valle del Chota, Imbabura Province Sucumbíos Province)  |  | Christianity → Catholicism
Afro-Grenadians | Indo-European → English-based creoles → Grenadian Creole English; Indo-European → French-based creoles → Grenadian Creole French | Grenada |  | Christianity → Catholicism; Protestantism → Anglicanism, Methodism, Calvinism, Baptist, etc; Afro-American religions; Traditional African religions; Islam
Afro-Guatemalans | Various African languages → Forced loss of languages due to slavery in the Americas
Spanish (adopted language)
English (adopted language)
Garifuna (adopted language)  | Guatemala (Livingston (Garifuna settlement), Puerto Barrios and Santo Tomas)  |  | Christianity → Catholicism, Protestantism
Afro-Guyanese | Various African languages → Forced loss of languages due to slavery in the Americas
English (adopted language)→ Guyanese Creole | Guyana |  | Christianity → Catholicism; Protestantism → Anglicanism, Methodism, Calvinism, Baptist, etc; Afro-American religions; Traditional African religions; Islam; Rastafari; Comfa
Afro-Haitians | Various African languages → Forced loss of languages due to slavery in the Americas
French (adopted language) → Haitian Creole | Haiti |  | Christianity → Catholicism; Islam; Haitian Voudou
Afro-Hondurans | Various African languages → Forced loss of languages due to slavery in the Americas
Spanish (adopted language)
English → Bay Islands English (adopted language)
Garifuna (adopted language)
Miskito (adopted language)  | Honduras |  | Christianity → Catholicism, Protestantism
Afro-Jamaicans | Various African languages → Forced loss of languages due to slavery in the Americas
English (adopted language)→ Jamaican English, Jamaican Patois | Jamaica |  | Christianity; Convince; Jamaican Maroon religion; Kumina; Rastafari; Judaism
Afro–Kittitians and Nevisians | Various African languages → Forced loss of languages due to slavery in the Americas
English (adopted language)  | Saint Kitts and Nevis |  | Christianity; Rastafari
Afro-Mexicans | Various African languages → Forced loss of languages due to slavery in the Americas
Spanish → Mexican Spanish | Mexico (Guerrero, Lázaro Cárdenas, Huetamo, Oaxaca, Veracruz, Greater Mexico City, Guadalajara and Múzquiz Municipality)  | Mascogos | Christianity → Catholicism, Protestantism; Afro-American religions
Afro-Nicaraguans | Various African languages → Forced loss of languages due to slavery in the Americas
Spanish → Nicaraguan Spanish, Miskito Coast Creole | Nicaragua |  | Christianity → Catholicism
Afro-Panamanians | Various African languages → Forced loss of languages due to slavery in the Americas
Spanish (adopted language) → Panamanian Spanish
English → Bocas del Toro Creole | Panama |  | Christianity → Catholicism
Afro-Paraguayans | Various African languages → Forced loss of languages due to slavery in the Americas
Spanish (adopted language)  | Paraguay (Central Department, Paraguari Department and Cordillera Department)  |  | Christianity → Catholicism
Afro-Peruvians | Various African languages → Forced loss of languages due to slavery in the Americas
Spanish (adopted language)  | Peru (Lima, Piura, Lambayeque, Tumbes and Ica)  |  | Christianity → Catholicism, Protestantism; Buddhism; Animism, etc
Afro-Puerto Ricans | Various African languages → Forced loss of languages due to slavery in the Americas
Spanish (adopted language) → Bozal Spanish (dialect possibly extinct)
Atlantic–Congo → Yoruba → Lucumí (lithurgical language)
Niger–Congo → Bantu → Kongo → Habla Congo (lithurgical language)  | United States (Puerto Rico)  |  | Christianity → Catholicism, Protestantism; African diaspora religions; Animism, etc
Afro–Saint Lucians | Various African languages → Forced loss of languages due to slavery in the Americas
English (adopted language)
French (adopted language) → Saint Lucian Creole | Saint Lucia |  | Christianity; Kélé
Afro-Salvadorans | Various African languages → Forced loss of languages due to slavery in the Americas
Spanish (adopted language)  | El Salvador (Sonsonate, Ahuachapán, San Miguel, and La Unión)  |  | Christianity → Catholicism, Protestantism; African diaspora religions; Rastafari
Afro-Surinamese | Various African languages → Forced loss of languages due to slavery in the Americas
Dutch (adopted language)
English (adopted language) → Sranan Tongo, Aukan, Kwinti
English \+ Portuguese → Saramaccan | Suriname |  | Christianity, Winti
Afro–Trinidadians and Tobagonians | Various African languages → Forced loss of languages due to slavery in the Americas
English (adopted language) → Trinidadian Creole, Tobagonian Creole
French (adopted language) → Antillean Creole
Spanish (adopted language)  | Trinidad and Tobago |  | Christianity → Catholicism and Protestantism; Afro-American religions; Traditional African religions; Islam; etc
Afro-Turks | Various African languages → Forced loss of languages due to slavery in the Ottoman Empire
Turkish (adopted language)  | Turkey  |  | Islam
Afro-Uruguayans | Various African languages → Forced loss of languages due to slavery in the Americas
Spanish (adopted language) → Rioplatense Spanish
Spanish \+ Portuguese → Portuñol | Uruguay |  | Christianity → Catholicism, Protestantism; etc
Afro-Venezuelans | Various African languages → Forced loss of languages due to slavery in the Americas
Spanish (adopted language)  | Venezuela (Venezuelan Caribbean and Barlovento)  |  | Christianity → Catholicism, Protestantism; Birongo; Cult to María Lionza
Afro-Vincentians | Various African languages → Forced loss of languages due to slavery in the Americas
English (adopted language) → Vincentian Creole,  | Saint Vincent and the Grenadines |  | Christianity
Afro–Virgin Islanders | Various African languages → Forced loss of languages due to slavery in the Americas
English (adopted language) → Virgin Islands Creole
Dutch (adopted language)
French (adopted language)
Historically Dutch → Zeelandic-based creole → Negerhollands | Virgin Islands (United Kingdom, United States), SSS islands (Netherlands, France)  |  | Christianity
Agaw | Afroasiatic → Cushitic → Agaw[note 2] | Horn of Africa (Ethiopia, Eritrea)[note 3] | Bilen, Ximre, Awi, Qemant | Christianity → Oriental Orthodoxy → Ethiopian Orthodoxy
Ahoms | Kra–Dai → Tai → Ahom[note 4] | India (Assam, Arunachal Pradesh)  |  | Hinduism, Ahom religion
Ahtna | Na-Dene → Athabaskan → Ahtna | United States (Alaska)  |  | Christianity, Native American religion
Aikana | Aikana language | Brazil (Rondonia)  |  | Animism
Aimaq | Indo-European → Iranic → Aimaq | Afghanistan  | Aimaq Hazara, Firozkohi, Jamshidi, Aimaq Kipchaks, Timuri, Taymani | Islam → Sunni Islam
Ainus | Ainu → Hokkaido Ainu; historically Ainu → Sakhalin Ainu, Kuril Ainu | Japan (Hokkaido, Tōhoku region), Russia (Sakhalin, Kamchatka Peninsula, Khabarovsk Krai), Kuril Islands (Russia or Japan)  | Hokkaido Ainus (including Ishikari Ainus, Menasunkur Ainus, Sumunkur Ainus, and Uchiura Ainus), Tokyo Ainus, Sakhalin Ainus, Russian Ainus | Animism → Ainu folk religion; Buddhism → Nichiren Shōshū; Shinto; Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy → Russian Orthodoxy
Aja | Niger–Congo → Kwa → Adja | Benin, Togo |  | West African Vodun
Aka | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Aka | Central African Republic, Republic of the Congo |  | Traditional Aka religion[3]
Akans | Niger–Congo → Kwa → Central Tano,[note 2][note 5] Avikam–Alladian,[note 2] Potou,[note 2] Abé, Abidji, Attie, Ega;[4] Francosign → American Sign → Ghanaian Sign; Adamorobe Sign; Nanabin Sign | Ghana (Gold Coast)[note 6] | Abbé, Abidji, Ahafo, Ahanta, Akuapem, Akwamu, Akyem, Alladian, Anyi, Ashanti, Assin, Attie, Avikam, Baoulé, Bonos, Chakosi, Egas, Evalue, Fante, M'Bato, Nzema, Sefwi (including House of Israel), Tchaman, Wasa | Christianity
Akha | Sino-Tibetan → Loloish → Akha | China (Pu'er and Xishuangbanna)[note 7] | Akeu[citation needed] | Animism
Akhvakhs | Northeast Caucasian → Avar–Andic → Akhvakh | Russia (Dagestan), Azerbaijan (Zagatala District)  |  | Islam
Akie | Nilotic → Kalenjin → Akie
Nilo-Saharan → Nilotic → Maasai (adopted language)[5] | Tanzania (Manyara Region)  |  | Traditional Akie religion[6]
Alabamas | Muskogean → Alabama–Koasati → Alabama[note 8] | United States (Alabama–Quassarte Tribal Town, Alabama–Coushatta Reservation)[note 9] |  | Christianity → Protestantism; Ethnic religion
Alavi Bohras | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Gujarati → Lisan ud-Dawat | India (Gujarat)  |  | Islam → Shia Islam → Isma'ilism
Aleuts | Eskaleut → Aleut | Aleutian Islands (United States, Russia)  | Agdaagux Tribe | Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy
Alexandrian Greek Christians | Historically Indo-European → Hellenic; Afroasiatic → Arabic → Egyptian Arabic | Egypt |  | Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy → Greek Orthodoxy → Greek Orthodox Church of Alexandria, Catholicism → Melkite Catholicism
Altaians | Turkic → Kipchak → Southern Altai, Northern Altai | Russia (Altai Republic and Altai Krai), Mongolia (Altai Mountains), China (Altay Prefecture)  |  | Altai faith
Alur | Nilo-Saharan → Nilotic → Alur | Uganda (West Nile sub-region), Democratic Republic of the Congo (Ituri Province)  |  | Christianity
Alutiiq | Eskaleut → Eskimo → Alutiiq | United States (Alaska)  | Chugach | Christianity
Alyutors | Chukotko-Kamchatkan → Chukotkan → Alyutor | Russia (Koryak Okrug)  |  | Shamanism, Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy
Ambonese | Austronesian → Malayic → Ambonese Malay | Indonesia (Ambon Island)  |  | Christianity → Protestantism → Calvinism
Ambundu | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Kimbundu | Angola |  | Christianity, Traditional African religions
Amdang | Furan → Amdang | Sudan (West Darfur), Chad (Wadi Fira)  |  | Islam
Americo-Liberians | Various languages of different African ethnic groups (originally, descendants of African-American slaves who were freed and returned to Africa)

English (adopted language)
English → Merico
English → Liberian Kreyol

| Liberia |  | Christianity → Protestantism
Amhara | Afroasiatic → Semitic → Ethiopic → Amharic | Ethiopia (Amharia)  |  | Christianity → Oriental Orthodoxy → Ethiopian Orthodoxy
Amis | Austronesian → Formosan → Amis | Taiwan (Taitung and Hualien Counties)  |  | Animism, Christianity
Amish | Indo-European → Germanic → Pennsylvania Dutch | United States |  | Christianity → Anabaptism
Amung | Trans-New Guinea → Amung | Indonesia (Mimika, Puncak)  |  | Christianity
Aneuk Jamee | Austronesian → Malayic → Minangkabau → Aneuk Jamee[note 10] | Indonesia (Aceh)  |  | Islam
Anglo-Americans | Indo-European → Germanic → English → United States English; Francosign → ASLic → American Sign | United States  | New England Americans, Middle Atlantic Americans, Midwestern Americans, Appalachians, Southern Americans, Florida Conchs, High Tiders, Western Americans, Okies, West Coast Americans, Anglo-Alaskans, White Hawaiians | Christianity → Catholicism, Protestantism → Anglicanism, Methodism, Calvinism, Evangelicalism
Anglo-Burmese | Indo-European → Germanic → English, Sino-Tibetan → Lolo-Burmese → Burmese, Sino-Tibetan → Tibeto-Burman → Karenic → Karen | Myanmar | Significant population in Western Australia | Christianity → Catholicism, Protestantism → Anglicanism; Buddhism
Anglo-Canadians | Indo-European → Germanic → English → Canadian English, Francosign → ASLic → American Sign | Canada  | Ontarians, Anglo-Quebecers, Nova Scotians, New Brunswickers, Manitobans, British Columbians, Prince Edward Islanders, Saskatchewanians, Albertans, Newfoundlanders, Labradorians, Northwest Territorians, Yukoners, Anglo-Nunavummiut | Christianity → Protestantism → Anglicanism, Methodism, Calvinism; Catholicism
Anglo-Celtic Australians | Indo-European → Germanic → English → Australian English | Australia  | New South Welsh, Victorians, Queenslanders, Western Australians, South Australians, Tasmanians, Canberrans, Territorians | Christianity
Anglo-Indians | Indo-Europeans → Germanic → English | India  | Significant populations in the United Kingdom, Australia, and Bangladesh | Christianity
Anglo-New Zealanders | Indo-European → Germanic → English → New Zealand English | New Zealand  | North Islanders, South Islanders, Stewart Islanders, Chatham Islanders | Christianity → Protestantism → Anglicanism
Anglo-South Africans | Indo-European → Germanic → English → South African English | South Africa  | Significant populations in the United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand, Canada, and the United States | Christianity
Angu | Trans-New Guinea → Angan[note 2] | Papua New Guinea (Kratke Range)  |  | Animism
Anindilyakwa | East Arnhem → Anindilyakwa–Nunggubuyu → Anindilyakwa | Australia (Groote Eylandt, Bickerton Island)  |  | Animism
Antakirinja | Pama-Nyungan → Wati → Antakarinya | Australia (South Australia)  |  | Animism
Antiochian Greek Christians | Afroasiatic → Arabic → Levantine Arabic (adopted), historically Indo-European → Hellenic | Levant (Lebanon, Syria, Israel, Jordan, Palestine, Turkey (Hatay))  | Jerusalemite Greek Christians | Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy → Greek Orthodoxy → Greek Orthodox Church of Antioch, Greek Orthodox Church of Jerusalem, Catholicism → Melkite Catholicism
Anuak | Nilo-Saharan → Nilotic → Anuak | Ethiopia (Anuakia), South Sudan (Boma)  |  | Christianity
Anuta | Austronesian → Polynesian → Anuta | Solomon Islands (Anuta)  |  | Christianity
Apache | Na-Dene → Athabaskan → Apachean[note 2][note 11] | United States (Apacheria)  | Chiricahua, Jicarilla, Lipan, Mescalero, Salinero, Plains Apache, Western Apache | Native American religions → Native American Church
Apanyekra | Macro-Je → Je → Canela | Brazil (Northeast Region)  |  | Ethnic religion
Apinajé | Macro-Je → Je → Apinayé | Brazil (Tocantins)  |  | Animism
Arabs | Afroasiatic → Semitic → Arabic;[note 2] Arab Sign;[note 2] Al-Sayyid Bedouin Sign; Kafr Qasem Sign; Sudanese sign languages;[note 2] historically Afroasiatic → Arabic → Sicilian Arabic, Andalusi Arabic, and Shirvani Arabic | West Asia (especially the Arabian Peninsula[7] and Syrian Desert),[8] North Africa, Sahel | Bedouins (including Palestinian Bedouins (including Jahalin Bedouins, Negev Bedouins (including Al-Sayyid Bedouins and Hanajira), Galilee Bedouins, Ta'amreh), Tarabin Bedouins, Bedul, Beni Ades, Liyathnah), Israeli Arabs, Palestinians (including Palestinian Christians, Palestinian Baháʼís, Palestinian Muslims (including Palestinian Metawalis), Palestinian Bedouins (including Jahalin Bedouins), and Afro-Palestinians), Egyptian Arabs (including Upper Egyptian Arabs[9]), Maghrebi Arabs, Dawada, Iranian Arabs (including Khuzestani Arabs, Khorasani Arabs, Huwalas, and Khamseh Arabs), Sudanese Arabs, Marsh Arabs, Arab Christians[10] (including Antiochians, Jerusalemites, and Alexandrians), Alawites, Druze,[11] Hadharem, Mhallami, Rashaida, Baggara Arabs (including Shuweihat), Abbala Arabs, Azawagh Arabs, Diffa Arabs, Manga Arabs, Ababda, Baharna (including in Kuwait) Arab-Persians, Arab-Berbers, with diaspora populations (including the Palestinian diaspora) in Europe (including the United Kingdom, the Caucasus, Sweden, Spain), Turkey, Pakistan (including Palestinians), India, Colombia, Chile (including Palestinians), Nicaragua, Brazil (including Palestinians), Mexico (including Palestinians), Venezuela, the United States (including Palestinians), Canada, Haiti (including Palestinians), Cuba, El Salvador (including Palestinians), Australia (including Palestinians), New Zealand, Singapore | Islam → Sunni Islam, Sufism, Shia Islam → Twelver Shi'ism, Isma'ilism → Tayyibi Isma'ilism → Sulaymani, Zaydism, Ibadism
Aranadans | Dravidian → Malayalamoid → Eranadan | India (Kerala)  |  | Hinduism
Arapaho | Algic → Algonquian → Arapahoan → Arapaho | United States (Colorado, Wyoming)  |  | Christianity, Native American Church
Argobba | Afroasiatic → Ethiopic → Argobba[note 12] | Ethiopia (Afar, Harari, Amhara, and Oromia Regions)[note 3] |  | Islam → Sunni Islam
Armenians | Indo-European → Armenian,[note 2] Northwest Caucasian → Circassian,[note 2] Armenian Sign, historically Harsneren, Turkic → Kipchak → Armeno-Kipchak | Armenian highlands (Armenia, Turkey (Western Armenia)),[note 13] Azerbaijan, Ukraine (Crimea), Russia (Kuban, Adygea), Georgia | Turkish Armenians (including Armenians in Istanbul, Hemshin, and Hidden Armenians), Cherkesogai, Armeno-Tats, Zoks, Hayhurum, Karabakhis and historically Udis and Turkic peoples who adhered to the Armenian Apostolic Church, along with significant populations in Russia, Belarus, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Serbia, Poland, Greece, Hungary, Moldova, Romania, Ukraine (including Crimea), Cyprus, the United States, Canada, Mexico, Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay, France, Spain, the United Kingdom, Sweden, Switzerland, Italy, Malta, Georgia (including Samtskhe–Javakheti, Abkhazia, and Tbilisi), Azerbaijan, (including Baku), Egypt, Lebanon, Pakistan, Iran, Qatar, Iraq, Kuwait, Syria, the United Arab Emirates, Israel, Jordan, Ethiopia, China, India, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Singapore, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Israel, Palestine, the Netherlands, and Germany | Christianity → Oriental Orthodoxy, Catholicism → Eastern Catholicism → Armenian Catholicism
Arrernte | Pama-Nyungan → Arandic → Arrernte | Australia (Arrernte Land)  |  | Alcheringa
Asmat | Trans–New Guinea → Asmat–Kamrau → Asmat[note 2] | Indonesia (South Papua)  |  | Christianity
Assamese | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Assamese | India (Assam)  | Assamese Brahmins, Kalitas, Kaibartas, Assamese Muslims, Chutias | Hinduism
Assiniboine | Siouan → Western Siouan → Assiniboine | Canada (Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta), United States (North Dakota, Montana)  | Bizebina, Insaombi, Wokpanbi  | Traditional Assiniboine religion
Assyrians | Afro-Asiatic → Semitic → Suret | Assyrian homeland | Urmia tribes (Tyari, Jilu, Baz, Tkhuma, Nochiya), Tur Abdin, Hakkari | Syriac Christianity
Asurs | Austroasiatic → Munda → Asur–Birjia[note 2] | India (Bihar, Jharkhand)  | Bir, Asur, Birjia, Agaria  | Animism and Hinduism → Asur religion
Atacama | Kunza | Chile (Atacama Desert, Altiplano), Argentina (Altiplano), Bolivia (Antofagasta Region)  |  | Inca Religion
Atayals | Austronesian → Formosan → Atayal; Japonic → Japanese-based creole → Yilan Creole Japanese | Taiwan  |  | Animism, Christianity
Ati | Ati language | Western Visayas |  | Animism, Christianity
Atikamekw | Algic → Algonquian → Atikamekw | Canada (Nitaskinan)  |  | Christianity → Catholicism, Ethnic religion
Atoni | Austronesian → Timoric → Uab Meto | Indonesia (West Timor), East Timor (Oecusse)  | Amarasi | Christianity
Atyap | Niger–Congo → Plateau → Atyap | Nigeria (Kaduna State)  |  | Christianity
Austral Islanders | Austronesian → Polynesian → Austral | France (Austral Islands)  |  | Christianity
Avars | Northeast Caucasian → Avar–Andic → Avar, Northeast Caucasian → Lezgic → Archi | Russia (Dagestan, Chechnya, Dagestan, Kalmykia), Azerbaijan (Balakan, Zagatala), Turkey, Georgia | Archis, Kvareli Avars  | Islam → Sunni Islam
Awa | Barbacoan → Awan → Awa | Colombia (Narino), Ecuador (Carchi)  |  | Christianity
Awadhis | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Awadhi | India (Awadh)  | Barhai | Hinduism
Aymara | Aymaran → Aymara | Bolivia, Peru, Chile  |  | Christianity → Catholicism
Äynu | Turkic and Indo-European → Uyghur and Persian → Äynu; Turkic → Karluk → Uyghur | China (Xinjiang)  |  | Islam → Shi'ism → Alevism
Azerbaijanis | Turkic → Oghuz → Azeri,[note 2] Afshar, Turkmen → Ersari; Francosign → RSLic → Russian Sign → Azerbaijani Sign | Azerbaijan, Iran (Iranian Azerbaijan), Armenia, Turkmenistan (Balkan Region, Lebap Region), Uzbekistan (Bukhara Region), Russia (Dagestan)  | Ayrums, Baharlu, Bayat, Karadaghis, Qajars, Kuresunni, Padar, Qarapapaqs, Shahsevan, Terekeme, Yeraz, Dagestani Azerbaijanis, Afshar (including Javanshir Qizilbash, Urmian Afshars), Iranian Azeris, along with significant populations in Georgia, Russia, and historically Armenia | Islam → Shi'ism
Babur and Bura | Afroasiatic → Chadic → Bura | Nigeria (Borno State and Adamawa State)  | Babur, Bura  | Islam
Badagas | Dravidian → Badaga–Kannada → Badaga | India (Nilgiris district)  |  | Hinduism
Bagirmi | Nilo-Saharan → Central Sudanic → Bongo-Bagirmi → Bagirmi language | Chad (Chari-Baguirmi)  |  | Islam → Folk Islam
Bahnar | Austroasiatic → Bahnaric → Bahnar | Vietnam (Central Highlands)  |  | Animism
Bai | Sino-Tibetan → Macro-Bai → Bai[note 2] | China (Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, Bijie, Sangzhi County)  |  | Buddhism, Benzhuism, Daoism
Baining | Baining languages[note 2] | Papua New Guinea (Gazelle Peninsula)  | Kairak, Mali, Qaqet, Simbali, Ura | Christianity, Pomio Kivung
Bajuni | Atlantic–Congo → Bantu → Swahili → Bajuni | Somalia (Bajuni Islands), Kenya (Coast Province)  |  | Islam → Sunnism → Shafi'ism
Bakarwal | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Gujari → Bakarwal  | India or Pakistan (Kashmir)  |  | Islam
Bakossi | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Akoose | Cameroon (Bakossi Mountains)  |  | Christianity → Catholicism
Balanta | Niger–Congo → West Atlantic → Senegambian → Balanta[note 2] | Guinea-Bissau, Senegal, The Gambia |  | Traditional African religions
Balinese | Austronesian → Balinese | Indonesia (Bali)  | Bali Aga | Hinduism → Balinese Hinduism
Balochs | Indo-European → Iranic → Balochi | Balochistan (Pakistan (Balochistan), Iran (Sistan and Baluchestan), Afghanistan (Balochistan))  | Askani, Bajkani, Bangulzai, Barazani, Bhurgari, Bugti, Buledi, Chandio, Darzada, Dehwar, Dodai, Dombki, Gabol, Ghazini, Jatoi, Kalmati, Khetran, Kunara, Langhani, Lango, Lashkrani, Loharani, Lund, Marri, Mazari, Mengal, Mirali, Mugheri, Muhammad Shahi, Mullazai, Nothazai, Pitafi, Qaisrani, Rind, Sadozai, Sethwi, Shaikhzadah, Talpur, Tauki, Umrani, Yarahmadzai, Zardari, Makrani, Punjabi Balochs, Sindhi Balochs, Uttar Pradeshi Baluchs, along with significant populations in the United Arab Emirates (including Al Balushi), Iran | Islam → Sunni Islam
Balondo-ba-Konja | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Londo | Cameroon |  | Creationism → Balondo-ba-Konja religion
Baltis | Sino-Tibetan → Tibetic → Balti | Pakistan (Gilgit-Baltistan)  |  | Islam → Shi'ism
Bamars | Sino-Tibetan → Burmish → Burmese[note 2] historically Sino-Tibetan → Burmish → Hpon | Myanmar | Bamars proper, Taungyo, Dawei, Yaw, Yabein, Intha, Danu, Hpon, Anglo-Burmese | Buddhism → Theravada Buddhism; Burmese folk religion
Bambara | Niger–Congo → Mande → Manding → Bambara | Mali |  | Islam
Bamileke | Niger–Congo → Grassfields → Bamileke[note 2] | Cameroon (West and Northwest regions)  | Mengaka, Ngiemboon, Ngombale, Ngomba, Ngwe, Yemba, Fe'fe', Ghomala', Kwaʼ, Nda'nda', Medumba | Christianity
Bamum | Niger–Congo → Grassfields → Bamum | Cameroon (West Region)  |  | Islam
Banda | Niger–Congo → Ubangian → Banda[note 2] | Central African Republic, South Sudan, Democratic Republic of the Congo | Central Banda, South Banda, West Banda | Christianity
Bandanese | Austronesian → Malayic → Malay → Banda Malay, Austronesian → Central Maluku → Banda | Indonesia (Banda Islands)  |  | Islam, Christianity
Bangweulu Twa | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Bemba | Zambia (Bangweulu Wetlands)  |  | Traditional African Religion
Baniwa | Arawakan → Upper Amazon Arawakan → Karu | Brazil (Amazonas), Colombia (Amazonas), Venezuela (Amazonas)  |  | Traditional religion; Christianity → Catholicism
Banjara | Indo-European → Rajasthani → Lambadi | India (Mewar)  |  | Hinduism
Banjarese | Austronesian → Malayic → Malay → Banjarese | Indonesia (South Kalimantan)  |  | Islam → Sunni Islam
Bari | Nilo-Saharan → Nilotic → Bari | South Sudan (Central Equatoria), Uganda | Pojulu, Kakwa, Nyangwara, Mandari, Kuku, other Karo tribes | Christianity, Traditional African religion, Islam → Sunni Islam (minority religion among some Kakwa bordering Uganda)
Bariba | Niger–Congo → Gur → Bariba | Borgu (Benin, Nigeria)  |  | Islam
Bassa | Niger–Congo → Kru → Bassa | Liberia (Bassaland)  |  | Christianity → Protestantism → Anglicanism
Batak | Austronesian → Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands → Batak[note 2] | Indonesia (North Sumatra)  | Angkola, Karo, Mandailing, Pakpak, Simalungun, Toba, Alas, Kluet, Singkil | Christianity → Protestantism → Lutheranism
Batwa | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Kirundi, Niger–Congo → Bantu → Kiga | African Great Lakes |  | Traditional African religion
Bauzi | East Geelvink Bay → Bauzi | Indonesia (Papua)  |  | Animism
Bavarians | Indo-European → Germanic → Bavarian | Germany (Bavaria)  | Upper Bavarians, Lower Bavarians, Upper Palatines | Christianity → Catholicism
Bazigar | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Bazigar | India (Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Delhi, Chandigarh, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Rajasthan), Pakistan (Punjab)  |  | Hinduism
Beja | Afroasiatic → Cushitic → Beja | Sudan, Egypt, Eritrea | Bishari, Hadendoa, Hedareb, Amarar, Beni-Amer | Islam → Sunni Islam
Belizean Creoles | Various African languages → Forced loss of languages due to slavery in the Americas
English → Belizean Creole | Belize |  | Christianity → Protestantism, Rastafari
Bemba | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Bemba | Zambia (Northern, Luapula, and Copperbelt Provinces), Democratic Republic of the Congo (Katanga Province)  |  | Christianity → Protestantism
Bembe | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Bembe | Democratic Republic of the Congo, Tanzania  |  | Christianity → Protestantism, Traditional African religions
Bena | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Bena | Tanzania (Njombe Region)  |  | Christianity → Catholicism
Bengalis | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Bengali, Sylheti, Chittagonian, Noakhali; Indo-Pakistani–Nepali Sign → Indo-Pakistani Sign → Bengali Sign[note 2] | Bengal (Bangladesh, India)  | Bengali Muslims, Bengali Hindus (including Mahishyas), Bengali Buddhists, Bengali Christians, Bangals (including Chittagonians, Sylhetis, Dhakaiyas (including Mahifarash), Noakhalis), Ghotis (including Muslim Ghosi, Lodha Muslims), Shershabadia, Mahimal | Islam → Sunnism; Hinduism → Shaktism, Vaishnavism, Hindu atheism; Christianity → Catholicism, Protestantism; Buddhism → Theravada Buddhism
Berbers | Afroasiatic → Berber,[note 2] Semitic → Arabic;[note 2] Songhay → Northern Songhay → Tagdal | Maghreb | Central Atlas Berbers, Chaouis, Kabyle, Kountas, Chenouas, Ghomaras, Godala, Hawwara, Matmatas, Mozabite, Nafusis, Rifians, Shilha, Siwi, Tuaregs, Awjila, Arab-Berbers, Sanhaja Berbers, Jerba, Zayanes, Igdalen, with significant populations in Belgium, France, Canada, the Netherlands, the United States, Western Sahara, Mauritania, Burkina Faso (including Tuaregs), Niger (including Tuaregs), and Mali | Islam → Sunni Islam, Ibadism
Berom | Niger–Congo → Plateau → Berom | Niger (Plateau State)  |  | Christianity
Berta | Nilo-Saharan → Berta | Ethiopia (Benishangul-Gumuz Region), South Sudan |  | Islam
Betawis | Austronesian → Malay-based creole → Betawi | Indonesia (Jakarta)  |  | Islam → Sunni Islam
Beti[note 14] | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Ewondo, Eton | Cameroon | Ewondo, Eton | Christianity
Bhils | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Bhil[note 2] | India (Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, Rajasthan, Maharashtra)  | Barda, Bhagalia, Bhilala, Bhil Gametia, Bhil Garasia, Bhil Kataria, Bhil Mama, Bhil Mavchi, Dholi Bhil, Dungri Bhil, Damor, Dungri Garasia, Mewasi Bhil, Nirdhi Bhil, Rawal Bhil, Tadvi Bhil, Vasava, Bhil Meena, Chaudhri, Bagdi | Hinduism
Bhojpuris | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Bihari → Bhojpuri | India, Nepal | Paswan, Teli | Hinduism, Jainism
Bhumijs | Austroasiatic → Munda → Bhumij[note 15] | India (West Bengal, Odisha, Jharkhand)  |  | Sarnaism
Biak | Austronesian → Malayo-Polynesian → South Halmahera–West New Guinea → Biak | Indonesia (Biak Islands)  |  | Christianity, Islam
Bicolanos | Austronesian → Philippine → Bikol[note 2] | Philippines (Bicol Region)  | Central Bikol, Sorsoganons, Catandunganons, Rinconada, Albayanon | Christianity → Catholicism
Bidayuh | Austronesian → Malayo-Polynesian → Land Dayak[note 2] | Malaysia (Sarawak)  | Kendayan, Selako, Bakatiʼ, Sara Bakati', Laraʼ, Bukar–Sadong, Biatah, Tringgus, Jagoi, Jangkang, Kembayan, Semandang, Ribun, Nyaduʼ, Sanggau | Christianity
Bilala | Nilo-Saharan → Central Sudanic → Naba | Chad (Lake Fitri)  |  | Islam
Bimanese | Austronesian → Malayo-Polyneisan → Bima | Indonesia (Sumbawa Island)  |  | Islam
Bininj | Macro-Gunwinyguan → Gunwinyguan → Bininj Kunwok | Australia (Arnhem Land)  | Kunwinjku, Kuninjku, Kundjeyhmi (Gundjeihmi), Manyallaluk Mayali, Kundedjnjenghmi, Kune  | Australian Aboriginal religion
Bisayas | Austronesian → Dusunic → Sabah Bisaya, Brunei Bisaya | Brunei, Malaysia (Sabah, Sarawak)  | Sabah Bisaya, Brunei Bisaya  | Islam, Christianity
Bishnupriyas | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Bengali-based creole → Bishnupriya Manipuri | India (Manipur), Bangladesh |  | Hinduism → Vaishnavism
Bissa | Niger–Congo → Mande → Bissa | Burkina Faso |  | Islam
Blaan | Austronesian → Philippine → Blaan | Philippines (Soccsksargen)  |  | Anitism
Black Canadians | Various African languages → Forced loss of languages due to slavery in the Americas
English → Canadian English (adopted language)
Romance → French → Canadian French (adopted language)
Various African languages → Canadian English and Canadian French (adopted language by descendants of post-1950s sub-Saharan African immigrants)  | Canada (Ontario, Quebec, Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, Nova Scotia)  | Black Ontarians (including Black Torontonians), Black Montrealers, Black New Brunswickers, Black Nova Scotians | Christianity; Islam
Blackfoot | Algic → Algonquian → Blackfoot | Canada (Alberta), United States (Montana)  | Kainai, Piegan (including Northern Piegan, Southern Piegan), Siksika | Native American Church, Christianity
Boa | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Boa | Democratic Republic of the Congo (Bas-Uele)  |  | Christianity
Bodo | Sino-Tibetan → Sal → Bodo | India (Bodoland)  | Mech, Kachari | Bathouism, Hinduism
Boeroes | Indo-European → Germanic → Dutch → Surinaams | Suriname |  | Christianity
Boers | Indo-European → Germanic → Dutch → Afrikaans | South Africa (Transvaal)  |  | Christianity → Protestantism → Calvinism
Bokota | Chibchan → Buglere | Panama (Bocas del Toro)  |  | Native American religion
Bondei | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Sueta → Bondei | Tanzania (Pangani District)  |  | Islam, Traditional African religions
Bororo | Macro-Je → Bororoan → Bororo | Brazil (Mato Grosso)  |  | Animism
Bouyei | Kra–Dai → Tai → Bouyei | China (Guizhou)  | Giay | Moism
Bozo | Niger–Congo → Mande → Bozo | Mali |  | Islam
Brahuis | Dravidian → Northern Dravidian → Brahui | Pakistan (Balochistan)  | Raisani, Jhalawan, Sarawan, Mengal (including Zagar and Zakria Zae), Sasoli | Islam → Sunni Islam → Hanafi
Bribri | Chibchan → Talamanca → Bribri, Bribri Sign | Costa Rica (Cordillera de Talamanca)  |  | Talamancan mythology
Bru | Austroasiatic → Katuic → Bru | Laos (Savannakhet province), Vietnam (Quảng Binh and Quảng Trị provinces)  |  | Satsana Phi, Buddhism → Theravada Buddhism
Bubi | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Bube | Equatorial Guinea (Bioko)  |  | Christianity → Catholicism
Budu | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Budu | Democratic Republic of the Congo (Wamba Territory)  |  | Christianity
Budukhs | Northeast Caucasian → Lezgic → Budukh | Azerbaijan (Buduq)  |  | Islam → Sunni Islam
Buduma | Afroasiatic → Chadic → Yedina | Lake Chad (Chad, Nigeria, Cameroon)  |  | Islam
Buginese | Austronesian → South Sulawesi → Buginese | Indonesia (South Sulawesi)  |  | Islam, Christianity, folk religion
Bunak | Trans–New Guinea → Timor–Alor–Pantar → Bunak | Indonesia (West Timor), East Timor |  | Christianity → Catholicism
Bunun | Austronesian → Bunun | Taiwan (Nantou)  |  | Animism, Christianity
Burghers | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Sinhala, Dravidian → Tamiloid → Tamil, Indo-European → Germanic → English, Indo-European → Romance → Portuguese → Sri Lankan Portuguese Creole | Sri Lanka  | Dutch Burghers, Portuguese Burghers | Christianity
Burushos | Burushaski | Pakistan (Gilgit-Baltistan)  |  | Islam → Shi'ism → Isma'ilism
Buryats | Mongolic → Central Mongolic → Buryat;[note 2] Mongolic → Central Mongolic → Khalkha → Sartul, Tsongol  | Russia (Buryatia), China (Inner Mongolia), Mongolia | Barga | Buddhism → Tibetan Buddhism; Shamanism → Mongolian shamanism; Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy
Butonese | Austronesian → Celebic → Butonese[note 2] | Indonesia (Buton)  |  | Islam
Bwa | Niger–Congo → Gur → Bwa[note 2] | Burkina Faso, Mali |  | Traditional African religions
Bwatiye | Afrosiatic → Chadic → Bacama | Nigeria (Adamawa State)  |  | Christianity, Neo-Pentecostalism
Cabiyari | Arawakan → Upper Amazon Arawakan → Cabiyari | Colombia (Vaupes)  |  | Christianity
Caddo | Caddoan → Caddo | United States (Oklahoma)  |  | Peyote religion, Christianity
Cahuilla | Uto-Aztecan → Cupan → Cahuilla | United States (California)  | Pass Cahuilla (including Agua Caliente Cahuilla, Morongo Cahuilla), Mountain Cahuilla (including Cahuilla Band of Indians, Los Coyotes Cahuilla, Ramona Cahuilla, Santa Rosa Cahuilla), Desert Cahuilla (including Augustine Cahuilla, Cabazon Cahuillla, Torres Martinez Desert Cahuilla)  | Christianity → Catholicism, Protestantism → Moravian; Ethnic religion
Caldoche | Indo-European → Romance → French, Francosign → French Sign | France (New Caledonia)  |  | Christianity → Catholicism
Camminanti | Indo-European → Romance → Sicilian → Baccagghiu  | Italy (Sicily)  |  | Christianity → Catholicism
Canary Islanders | Indo-European → Romance → Spanish → Canarian Spanish, Silbo Gomero, Isleño Spanish | Spain (Canary Islands)  | Isleños (including Louisiana Isleños)  | Christianity → Catholicism
Cape Malays | Indo-European → Germanic → Afrikaans, Kaaps, English | South Africa (Western Cape)  |  | Islam
Caquetio | Arawakan → Ta-Arawakan → Caquetio | Venezuela (Falcón, Zulia), formerly Aruba, Curaçao, Bonaire (Netherlands)  |  | Native American religion
Carolinians | Austronesian → Micronesian → Carolinian | United States (Northern Mariana Islands)  |  | Christianity → Catholicism
Cayuga | Iroquoian → Northern Iroquoian → Cayuga | Canada (Ontario), United States (New York, Oklahoma)  |  | Longhouse Religion
Chachi[note 16] | Barbacoan → Chaʼpalaa | Ecuador (Esmeraldas)  |  | Christianity → Catholicism, Native American religion[12]
Chaga | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Chaga[note 2] | Tanzania | Gwenos, Rombos, Central Chaga (including Kahe), Rusa, West Chaga | Christianity, Islam, Traditional African religions
Chagossians | Indo-European → Bourbonnais Creole → Chagossian Creole | Chagos Archipelago[note 17] |  | Christianity, Rastafari
Chaharmahali Turks | Turkic → Oghuz → Chaharmahali Turkic | Iran (Chaharmahal)  |  | Islam → Shi'ism → Twelver Shi'ism
Chakmas | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Chakma | Bangladesh (Chittagong Hill Tracts)  |  | Buddhism → Theravada Buddhism
Chamorro | Austronesian → Malayo-Polynesian → Chamorro | United States (Mariana Islands)  |  | Christianity → Catholicism
Chams | Austronesian → Chamic → Cham[note 2] | Champa (Cambodia, Vietnam), China (Hainan)  | Churu, Jarai, Rade, Raglai, Utsuls | Islam → Sunnism, Shi'ism → Bani Islam; Hinduism
Chaoui | Afroasiatic → Berber → Shawiya | Algeria (Aurès)  |  | Islam → Sunnism
Charrúa | Charruan languages[note 2] | Uruguay | Chaná | Animism
Chechens | Northeast Caucasian → Nakh → Chechen | Russia (Chechnya, Aukh, Orstkhoy-Mokhk), Georgia (Pankisi, Kakheti, Tusheti)  | Kists, Chechen Kurds, Aukhs (including Veappiis), Orstkhoys, Terloys, Shatoys, Ghendargnoys, Zandkhoys, Chinkhoys, other teips with significant populations in Austria, France, Jordan, Syria, Turkey, and the United States | Islam → Sunnism; historically Vainakh religion
Chehalis | Historically Salishan → Coast Salish → Lower Chehalis, Upper Chehalis | United States (Washington)  | Lower Chehalis, Upper Chehalis | Ethnic religion
Chelkans | Turkic → Siberian Turkic → Northern Altai → Chelkan  | Russia (Altai Republic, Kemerovo Oblast)  |  | Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy, Burkhanism, Shamanism
Chenouas | Afroasiatic → Berber → Shenwa | Algeria (Mount Chenoua)  |  | Islam → Sunnism
Chepang | Sino-Tibetan → Chepangic → Chepang | Nepal |  | Hinduism
Cherokee | Iroquoian → Southern Iroquoian → Cherokee[note 8] | United States (North Carolina, Tennessee)[note 9] | Cherokee Nation, Eastern Band, United Keetoowah Band, Cherokee Freedmen | Christianity, Four Mothers Society
Chewa | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Chewa | Malawi, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Mozambique |  | Christianity, Traditional African religions
Cheyennes | Algic → Algonquian → Cheyenne; Plains Indian Sign[note 8] | United States (Montana, Oklahoma)  |  | Native American religion, Native American Church, Christianity
Chickasaw | Muskogean → Western Muskogean → Chickasaw | United States (Mississippi, Alabama, Tennessee)[note 9] |  | Ethnic religion, Christianity → Protestantism
Chinese Tatars | Turkic → Kipchak → Tatar; Sino-Tibetan → Chinese → Mandarin | China (Xinjiang)  |  | Islam → Sunnism
Chipewyan | Na-Dene → Athabaskan → Chipewyan | Canada (Saskatchewan, Northwest Territories, Alberta, Manitoba, British Columbia)  |  | Christianity, Animism
Cho Ro | Austroasiatic → Bahnaric → Chrau | Vietnam, (Dong Nai, Binh Duong, Binh Phuoc, Ba Ria-Vung Tau)  |  | Animism, Theravada
Choctaw | Muskogean → Choctaw[note 8] | United States (Alabama, Florida, Mississippi, Louisiana)[note 9] | Choctaw Freedmen | Christianity, Choctaw religion
Chokwe | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Chokwe | Angola, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Zambia |  | Christianity
Cholanaikkans | Dravidian → South Dravidian I → Cholanaikkan | India (Kerala)  |  | Animism
Chuanqing | Sino-Tibetan → Sinitic → Mandarin Chinese → Southwestern Mandarin | China (Guizhou)  |  | Ethnic religion
Chukchis | Chukotko-Kamchatkan → Chukotkan → Chukchi | Chukchia |  | Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy → Russian Orthodoxy, Shamanism
Chulyms | Turkic → Siberian Turkic → Chulym | Russia (Tomsk Oblast, Krasnoyarsk Krai)  |  | Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy → Russian Orthodoxy
Chumash | Chumashan languages[note 2][note 18] | United States (California)  |  | Christianity, Native American religion
Chutiya | Sino-Tibetan → Sal → Deori[note 4] | India (Assam)  | Deori | Ekasarana Dharma
Chuukese | Austronesian → Micronesian → Chuukese | Federated States of Micronesia (Chuuk Lagoon)  |  | Christianity → Catholicism
Chuvans | Indo-European → Slavic → Russian; Chukotko-Kamchatkan → Chukotkan → Chukchi; historically Yukaghir → Chuvan | Russia (Chukotka)  |  | Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy → Russian Orthodoxy
Cina Kampung[13] | Kra–Dai, Austronesian, and Sino-Tibetan → Southern Thai, Kelantan–Pattani Malay, and Hokkien → Kelantan Peranakan Hokkien | Malaysia (Kelantan)  |  | Buddhism and Chinese folk religion → Theravada and Chinese ancestor worship → Cina Kampung religion
Cinta Larga | Tupian → Monde → Cinta Larga | Brazil (Amazon rainforest)  |  | Indigenous religion, Santo Daime
Cirebonese | Austronesian → Malayo-Polynesian → Javanese → Cirebonese | Indonesia (Cirebon)  |  | Islam
Clatsop | Chinookan, Wakashan, and Indo-European → Lower Chinook, Nootka Jargon, Germanic, and Italic → Chinook Jargon; historically Chinookan → Lower Chinook → Clatsop  | United States (Oregon)  |  | Native American religion
Cocopah | Yuman → Cocopah | Mexico (Baja California, Sonora), United States (Arizona)  |  | Native American religion
Cocos Malays | Malay creoles → Cocos Malay | Australia (Cocos (Keeling) Islands)  | significant populations in Malaysia  | Islam → Sunnism
Cofan | Cofan language | Ecuador (Sucumbios), Colombia (Putumayo)  |  | Animism
Coloureds | Indo-European → Germanic → Afrikaans, Kaaps, English | South Africa (Western Cape)  | Cape Coloureds (South Africa), Basters (Namibia)  | Christianity
Comanche | Uto-Aztecan → Numic → Comanche, Indo-European → Germanic → English | United States (Comancheria)  |  | Native American Church, Christianity
Comorians | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Comorian[note 2] | Comoros, France (Mayotte)  | Grande Comorians, Anjouans, Mohélians, Maorais, Significant population in Metropolitan France | Islam → Sunnism
Conch | Indo-European → Germanic → English, English creole → Bahamian Creole | Bahamas |  | Christianity
Cook Islanders | Austronesian → Polynesian → Cook Islands Māori, Austronesian → Polynesian → Penrhyn, Austronesian → Polynesian → Rakahanga-Manihiki, Austronesian → Polynesian → Pukapukan | Cook Islands |  | Christianity → Protestantism
Copts | Afroasiatic → Egyptian → Coptic,[note 19] Egyptian Sign | Egypt, Sudan, Libya | Upper Egypt (Sa'idi),[14] Sudan and Libya along with the Coptic diaspora | Christianity → Oriental Orthodoxy → Coptic Orthodoxy; Christianity → Catholicism → Eastern Catholicism → Coptic Catholicism
Coushatta | Muskogean → Alabama–Koasati → Koasati | United States (Coushatta Indian Reservation, Alabama–Coushatta Reservation, Alabama–Quassarte Tribal Town)  |  | Christianity
Cree | Algic → Algonquian → Cree[note 2][note 20] | Canada (Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Newfoundland and Labrador)  | James Bay Cree, Moose Cree, Swampy Cree, Woodland Cree, Papaschase | Christianity
Crow | Siouan → Western Siouan → Crow | United States (Montana)  |  | Christianity, Crow religion
Dagaaba | Niger–Congo → Gur → Dagaare | Ghana, Burkina Faso |  | Christianity, Traditional African religions
Dagombas | Niger–Congo → Gur → Dagbani | Ghana (Kingdom of Dagbon)  |  | Islam → Sunnism
Damara | Khoe → Khoekhoe | Namibia (Damaraland)  |  | Christianity
Damia | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Dameli | Pakistan (Chitral District)  |  | Islam
Dane-zaa | Na-Dene → Athabaskan → Dane-zaa | Canada (British Columbia, Alberta)  |  | Christianity, Native American religion
Dani | Trans-New Guinea → West Papuan Highlands → Dani[note 2] | Papua New Guinea (Baliem Valley)  | Indonesia (Highland Papua)  | Christianity → Protestantism, Islam
Daurs | Mongolic → Dagur | China (Inner Mongolia, Heilongjiang, Xinjiang)  |  | Shamanism
Dawoodi Bohra | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Gujarati → Lisan ud-Dawat | India, Pakistan  |  | Islam → Shia → Isma'ilism → Tayyibi Isma'ilism
Deccani | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Hindustani → Deccani | India (Deccan)  | Hyderabadi | Islam → Sunnism → Sufism; Islam → Shi'ism → Isma'ilism → Nizari Isma'ilism
Deg Xit'an | Na-Dene → Athabaskan → Deg Xinag | United States (Alaska)  |  | Christianity
Dena'ina | Na-Dene → Athabaskan → Dena'ina | United States (Alaska)  |  | Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy, Animism
Dharug | Pama-Nyungan → Yuin–Kuric → Dharug | Australia (Sydney)  |  | Dreamtime
Dhimal | Sino-Tibetan → Dhimalish → Dhimal | Nepal |  | Hinduism, Kiratism
Dinka | Nilo-Saharan → Nilotic → Dinka | South Sudan |  | Christianity, Dinka religion
Dogon | Niger–Congo → Dogon;[note 2] Bangime; Tebul Sign | Mali (Bandiagara Escarpment)  | Ampari Dogon (including Nyamboli), Tebul U, Mombo Dogon, Escarpment Dogon (including Tommo So), Jamsai Dogon, Nanga Dogon, Yanda Dogon, Walo, Beente, Duleri Dogon, Pinia, Bondum Dogon, Dogul Dogon, Budu, Western Plains Dogon, Toro-tegu Dogon, Bangande | Traditional African religions
Dogras | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Dogri | India (Jammu Division)  |  | Hinduism
Dolan | Turkic → Karluk → Uyghur | China (Xinjiang)  | Awat Dolan, Yarkand Dolan, Tarim Dolan, Lop Nur Dolan | Islam → Sunni Islam
Dolgans | Turkic → Siberian Turkic → Dolgan | Russia (Krasnoyarsk Krai)  |  | Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy → Russian Orthodoxy, Shamanism
Doms | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Domari, Garachi | Azerbaijan, Middle East, North Africa | Garachi, with significant populations in Egypt, Israel, Libya, Sudan, Syria, and Tunisia | Islam, Judaism
Dominickers | Indo-European → Germanic → English → American English | United States (Holmes County, Florida)  |  | Christianity
Dongxiangs | Mongolic → Shirongolic → Santa | China, (Gansu)  |  | Islam → Sunnism
Druze | Afroasiatic → Arabic → Levantine Arabic; DGSic → Israeli Sign | Levant (Syria, Lebanon, Israel, Jordan)  | Lebanese Druze, Syrian Druze, Israeli Druze, Jordanian Druze | Druzism[15][16]
Dubla | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Bhil → Dubli[note 21] | Gujarat (India)  |  | Hinduism
Dukha | Turkic → Siberian Turkic → Taiga Sayan Turkic → Dukhan | Mongolia (Khövsgöl Province)  |  | Shamanism → Dukha indigenous religion
Dwe'e | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Nzime | Cameroon |  | Christianity
Dyula | Niger–Congo → Mande → Manding → Dyula | Burkina Faso, Ivory Coast, Mali |  | Islam → Sunnism
East Indian Catholics | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → East Indian Mahratti | India (Seven Islands of Bombay)  |  | Christianity → Catholicism → Latin Catholicism
Ebira | Niger–Congo → Nupoid → Ebira | Nigeria (Kogi State)  |  | Islam
Edo | Niger–Congo → Edoid → Edo | Nigeria (Edo State)  | Ika, Emai | Christianity
Efik | Niger–Congo → Cross River → Ibibio-Efik → Efik | Nigeria (Cross River State)  |  | Christianity, Efik religion
Ekari | Trans-New Guinea → Ekari | Indonesia (Wissel Lakes)  |  | Christianity
Ekoi | Niger–Congo → Bantoid → Jagham | Nigeria, Cameroon |  | Christianity, Ekoi religion
Emae | Austronesian → Polynesian → Emae | Vanuatu (Emae)  |  | Christianity
Embera | Choco → Embera[note 2] | Colombia (Choco Department), Panama (Darien, Embera)  |  | Shamanism
Enets | Uralic → Samoyedic → Enets[note 2] | Russia (Krasnoyarsk Krai)  |  | Shamanism
Eora | Pama-Nyungan → Yuin–Kuric → Dharug | Australia (Sydney)  |  | Dreamtime
Esan | Niger–Congo → Edoid → Esan | Nigeria (Esanland)  |  | Christianity
Eurasian Singaporeans | Indo-European → Germanic → English | Singapore  |  | Christianity
Evenks | Tungusic → Northern Tungusic → Evenki | Russia, China  |  | Shamanism
Evens | Tungusic → Northern Tungusic → Even, Turkic → Siberian Turkic → Yakut | Russia (Kamchatka Krai, Magadan Oblast, Sakha)  |  | Shamanism
Ewe | Niger–Congo → Kwa → Ewe, Waci, Kpessi  | Togo, Ghana | Agave, Agome, Anlo, Avenor, Waci | Christianity, West African Vodun
Eyak | Na-Dene → Athabaskan → Eyak, Indo-European → Germanic → English | United States (Alaska)  |  | Christianity
Falkland Islanders | Indo-European → Germanic → English → Falkland Islands English | British Overseas Territories (Falkland Islands)  |  | Christianity
Fang | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Fang | Equatorial Guinea (Rio Muni), Gabon |  | Christianity
Fijians[note 22] | Austronesian → Central Pacific → Fijian | Fiji | Significant populatitons in the United States, Australia, the United Kingdom | Christianity → Protestantism → Methodism
Fipa | Niger–Congo → Bantu (Zone M) → Fipa, Niger–Congo → Bantu → Mambwe-Lungu | Rukwa Region, Tanzania (Sumbawanga Rural District, Nkasi District)  |  | Christianity → Catholicism
Fon | Niger–Congo → Kwa → Gbe → Fon | Benin (Dahomey)  |  | Christianity → Catholicism, West African Vodun
French Canadians | Indo-European → Romance → French → Canadian French, Francosign → French Sign and American Sign → Quebec Sign | Canada | Quebecois, Acadians (including Chiac), Franco-Terreneuvians, Franco-Ontariens, Franco-Manitobains, Fransaskois, Franco-Albertains, Franco-Colombiens, Franco-Yukonnais, Franco-Tenois, Franco-Nunavois, Brayons, Muskrat French, French-Canadian Americans | Christianity → Catholicism
French Louisianians | Indo-European → French Creole → Louisiana Creole, Indo-European → Romance → French → Louisiana French, Missouri French; Indo-European → Germanic → English → Cajun English; historically Indo-European → French Creole → Alabama Creole | United States (Louisiana, Alabama, and Missouri)  | Louisiana Creoles (including Louisiana Cajuns and Louisiana Creoles of color), Alabama Creoles (including Alabama Cajuns), and Missouri Creoles | Christianity → Catholicism, Louisiana Voodoo
Fula | Atlantic–Congo → Senegambian → Fula[note 2] | West Africa (Guinea, Senegal, Mali, Mauritania, Nigeria, Cameroon, Niger, Burkina Faso, Benin, Chad)[note 23] | Wodaabe, Maasina Fulfulde, Sierra Leonean Fula | Islam
Fur | Furan → Fur | Sudan (Darfur)  |  | Islam → Sunni Islam
Futuna-Aniwa | Austronesian → Polynesian → Futuna-Aniwa | Vanuatu (Futuna, Aniwa)  |  | Christianity
Futunans | Austronesian → Polynesian → Futunan | France (Wallis and Futuna)  |  | Christianity
Fuyu Kyrgyz | Turkic → Siberian Turkic → Fuyu Kyrgyz | China (Fuyu County)  |  | Buddhism → Vajrayana → Tibetan Buddhism
Ga-Adangbe | Niger–Congo → Kwa → Ga–Dangme[note 2] | Greater Accra (Ghana)  | Ga, Adangbe | Christianity
Gabrieleños | Indo-European → Germanic → English, Indo-European → Romance → Spanish, Uto-Aztecan → Takic → Gabrieleno[note 24] | United States (California)  |  | Native American religion, Christianity
Gaddang[17] | Austronesian → Malayo-Polynesian → Philippine → Northern Luzon → Cagayan Valley → Gaddang[note 25] | Philippines (Cagayan Valley, Cordillera Administrative Region)[18] | Ga'dang, Gaddang proper, Yogad, Maddukayang, Katalangan, Iraya, along with significant populations in the rest of Asia, Australia, Canada, Europe, Middle East, United Kingdom, and United States[19] | Christianity → Catholicism, Protestantism[20]
Gade | Niger–Congo → Nupoid → Gade | Nigeria (Niger State)  |  | Gobo
Galela | West Papuan → North Halmahera → Galela | Indonesia (North Maluku)  |  | Islam, Christianity
Gamilaraay | Pama-Nyungan → Wiradhuric → Gamilaraay | Australia (New South Wales, Queensland)  |  | Alcheringa
Ganda | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Great Lakes → Luganda | Uganda (Buganda)  | Abayudaya | Christianity
Garhwalis | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Garhwali | India (Uttarakhand)  |  | Hinduism
Garifunas | Arawakan → Ta-Arawakan → Garifuna[note 26] | Saint Vincent and the Grenadines[note 27] | Significant populations in the United States | Christianity → Catholicism
Garos | Sino-Tibetan → Sal → Garo | India (Garo Hills)  |  | Christianity, Songsarek
Gaviao (Je) | Macro-Je → Je → Para Gaviao → Parkateje, Macro-Je → Je → Para Gaviao → Pykobje | Brazil (Pará, Maranhão)  | Parkateje, Pykobje | Animism
Gaviao (Rondonia) | Tupian → Monde → Gavião of Jiparaná | Brazil (Rondonia)  |  | Animism
Gayonese | Austronesian → Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands → Gayo | Indonesia (Bener Meriah, Central Aceh, and Gayo Lues Regencies)  |  | Islam
Gbagyi | Niger–Congo → Nupoid → Gwari | Nigeria  |  | Traditional African religions
Gbaya | Niger–Congo → Ubangian → Gbaya[note 2] | Central African Republic, Cameroon | Bokoto, Kara, Buli (including Toongo), Ali, Mandja, Gbaya-Bossangoa, Bozom, Mbodomo, Gbanu, Bangandu | Islam
Gedeo | Afroasiatic → Cushitic → Gedeo | Ethiopia (Gedeo)  |  | Christianity → Protestantism → P'ent'ay
Gelao | Kra–Dai → Kra → Gelao[note 2][note 28] | China (Guizhou)  |  | Taoism, Buddhism
Georgians | Kartvelian languages;[note 2] Northeast Caucasian → Nakh → Bats; Georgian Sign | Georgia, Azerbaijan (Saingilo), northern Turkey  | Adjarians, Bats,[note 29] Gurians, Imeretians, Imerkhevians, Ingiloys, Javakhians, Kakhetians, Khevsurians, Meskhetians, Mingrelians, Mokheves, Mtiuletians, Pshavs, Rachians, Svans, Tushetians, with significant populations in Turkey (including Chveneburi), France, Belgium, Poland, Russia, Spain, Ukraine, the United States, and Iran | Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy → Georgian Orthodoxy
Ghomaras | Afroasiatic → Berber → Ghomara | Morocco (Western Rif)  |  | Islam → Sunni Islam
Ghorbati | Indo-European → Iranic → Persian, Ghorbati[note 2] | Central Asia | Mugats | Islam → Shia Islam
Gilaks | Indo-European → Iranic → Gilaki | Iran (Gilan)  |  | Islam → Twelver Shi’ism
Gitxsan | Tsimshianic → Nass–Gitksan → Gitxsan | Canada (Skeena Country)  |  | Native American religion
Gnawas | Afroasiatic → Arabic → Maghrebi Arabic | Morocco |  | Islam and Animism → Sufism and Animism → Gnawa religion
Goan Catholics | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Konkani → Goan Konkani | India (Goa)  |  | Christianity → Catholicism
Godoberis | Northeast Caucasian → Avar–Andic → Godoberi | Russia (Dagestan)  |  | Islam → Sunni Islam
Gogo | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Gogo | Tanzania (Dodoma Region)  |  | Christianity, African Traditional Religion
Gola | Niger–Congo → Gola | Liberia, Sierra Leone |  | Islam
Gonds | Dravidian → Gondi[note 2][note 30] | India (Gondwana)  | Godha, Madia Gonds, Muria, Koya | Hinduism, Koyapunem
Gorontalo | Austronesian → Philippine → Gorontaloan | Indonesia (Gorontalo)  | Polahi | Islam → Sunni Islam
Gosha | Niger-Congo → Bantu → Zigula → Mushunguli  | Somalia |  | Islam
Great Andamanese | Great Andamanese[note 2] | India (Great Andaman)  |  | Animism
Greeks | Indo-European → Hellenic;[note 2] Turkic → Kipchak → Urum, Turkish → Karamanli Turkish, Tsalka; Indo-European → Romance → Aromanian, Megleno-Romanian; Indo-European → Albanian → Arvanitika; Indo-European → Slavic → Macedo-Bulgarian;[note 2] Francosign → French Sign and American Sign → Greek Sign; Cypriot Sign | Greece, Cyprus, Albania (Northern Epirus), Ukraine (Crimea, Pryazovia), Turkey (Cappadocia, Pontus, Istanbul), Italy (Magna Graecia), Bulgaria (Balkan Mountains, Rila, Northeastern Bulgaria), North Macedonia, Egypt, the Caucasus, and surrounding regions  | Greek Cypriots (including Greek Northern Cypriots), Asia Minor Greeks (including Pontic Greeks, Cappadocian Greeks (including Karamanlides), Constantinopolites, Ionian Greeks), Greek Muslims (including Vallahades, Cretan Muslims), Sarakatsani (including Karakachani), Souliotes, Azov Greeks (including Mariupol Greeks, Crimean Urums), Italiots (including Grikos and Grecanici), Macedonian Greeks, Tsakonians, Maniots, Karagounides, Mikrasiates [el], Phanariots, Egyptian Greeks (including Alexandrian Greeks), Caucasus Greeks (including Tsalka Urums), Sfakians, Slavophone Greeks, Corfiot Greeks, Melkites (including Antiochian Greeks and Jerusalemite Greeks) and also sizeable populations of Arvanites, Aromanians and Megleno-Romanians who identify as ethnic Greeks (including Helleno-Vlachs), along with significant populations in Albania (including Northern Epirotes (including Himariotes)), Turkey, Ukraine, Georgia, the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany, Azerbaijan, Australia, France, Italy, Malta, Armenia, Egypt, and Canada | Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy, Catholicism → Greek Byzantine Catholicism, historically Hellenism, Neoplatonism, Greco-Roman Mysteries
Gros Ventre | Algic → Algonquian → Gros Ventre | United States (Montana)  |  | Sun Dance
Guajajara | Tupian → Tenetehara | Brazil (Maranhão)  |  | Shamanism, Santo Daime
Guan | Niger–Congo → Kwa → Guang[note 2] | Ghana (Brong-Ahafo and Volta Regions)  | Gonja, Kyode, Cherepon, Efutu, Anyanga, Larteh, Chumburung, Krache, Anum-Boso | Christianity
Guarani | Tupian → Guarani | Paraguay, Argentina (Misiones), Bolivia | Chiriguanos | Christianity → Catholicism
Gujarati | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Gujarati | India (Gujarat)  | Koli, Bharwad, Khoja, Patidar, Sunni Bohra, Lohana, Vagri, Kharva, Charan, Baria, Momna, Ghanchi, Shenva, Bhambi Khalpa, Zarabes, Bhoi, Padhar, Gujarati Americans | Hinduism, Islam, Jainism
Gumuz | Bʼaga languages[note 2] | Ethiopia (Benishangul-Gumuz Region)  |  | Traditional African religion
Guna | Chibchan → Guna | Panama (Guna Yala)  |  | Native American religion
Gurage | Afroasiatic → Ethiopic → Gurage;[note 2] historically Afroasiatic → Ethiopic → Mesmes | Ethiopia (Guragia)  | Kistane, Zay, Inor, Mesqan, Muher Sebat Bet (including Chaha)  | Christianity
Gurindji | Pama–Nyungan → Ngumpin–Yapa → Gurindji, Pama–Nyungan and Indo-European → Gurindji and Australian Kriol → Gurindji Kriol | Australia (Northern Territory)  |  | Dreamtime
Gurjars | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Gujari | Primarily Pakistan and India, also Afghanistan at smaller numbers  | Khatana, Solanki, Parihar, Tanwar, Parmar, chandel, Chauhan, Bhadana, Kohli, Tomar, Panwar, Pawar, Bainsla, Bagri, Hans, etc.  | Islam, Hinduism, Sikhism
Gurma | Niger–Congo → Gur → Gourmanche | Gurmaland (Burkina Faso, Ghana)  | Ntcham, Bimoba | Islam
Gurungs | Sino-Tibetan → Gurung | Nepal, India (Sikkim, West Bengal)  |  | Buddhism → Vajrayana → Tibetan Buddhism, Bon, Hinduism
Gurunsi | Niger–Congo → Gur → Gurunsi[note 2] | Burkina Faso, Ghana, Togo | Lukpa, Kabye, Tem, Lamba, Delo, Bago-Kusuntu, Chala, Lyele, Nuna, Kalamse, Pana, Winye, Deg, Puguli, Paasaal, Sisaala, Chakali, Siti, Tamprusi, Vagla | Traditional African religions, Islam → Sunni Islam
Gwich'in | Na-Dene → Athabaskan → Gwich'in | Canada (Yukon Territory, Northwest Territories), United States (Alaska)  |  | Native American religion
Ha | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Ha | Tanzania (Kigoma Region)  |  | Animism
Hadiya | Afroasiatic → Cushitic → Hadiyya | Ethiopia (Hadiya)  |  | Islam
Hadza | Hadza language | Tanzania (Karatu District)  |  | Hadza mythology
Haida | Haida languages,[note 2] historically Haida Jargon  | Canada (Haida Gwaii), United States (Prince of Wales Island)  | Kaigani Haida  | Haida Traditional Faith
Haisla | Wakashan → Haisla | Canada (British Columbia)  |  | Native American religion
Hän | Na-Dene → Athabaskan → Han | Canada (Yukon Territory), United States (Alaska)  |  | Native American religion
Han Chinese | Sino-Tibetan → Sinitic → Chinese;[note 2] CSLic languages;[note 2] JSLic → Taiwan Sign; Indo-European → Germanic → English → Manglish, Singlish, Hong Kong English; Austronesian → Malayic → Bazaar Malay → Baba Malay; Austronesian → Murutic–Papar–Tatana → Tatana; historically Sino-Tibetan → Chinese → Ba–Shu; Indo-European → Germanic → English → Chinese Pidgin English; Indo-European → Slavic → Russian → Kyakhta Russian–Chinese Pidgin | China, Taiwan, Singapore, Myanmar (Kokang), Malaysia (Labuan, Sabah)  | Subei, Yue (including Cantonese, Punti, Taishanese (including Taishanese Hongkongers), Hongkongers (including Punti), Macau, and Namshun), Tankas (including Fuzhou Tankas), Màirén, Hui (including Panthays), Fujianese (including Fuzhounese, Hoklos, Hui'an maidens, Putianese, Fujianese Hongkongers, Fokien, and Teochew), Gaoshan Han, Gan, Tunbao, Pinghua (including Northern Pinghua and Southern Pinghua), Hakka (including Ngai (including Dan)), Hainanese, Hebei, Hunanese, Jianghuai, Shandong, Sichuanese, Wu (including Shanghainese, Ningbonese, and Wenzhounese), Kokang Chinese, Han Taiwanese (including Hoklo Taiwanese and Hakka Taiwanese and Waishengren), Sino-Singaporeans (including Straits Chinese), Chin Haw, Hwagyo, Zhongum), along with significant populations in the United States (including Hoklos, Hongkongers, Fuzhounese Americans, and Hakkas), Mongolia, Malaysia (including Penangite Chinese, Straits Chinese, Sino-Natives (including Tatanas), and Peranakans (including Baba-Nyonya and Kiau–Seng)), Thailand, Indonesia (including Benteng), Myanmar, Canada (including Hongkongers), the Philippines (including Sangleys), Peru, Australia (including Hong Kong Australians), Vietnam (including Chinese Nùng and Ngai (including Dan)), Japan, Russia (including Taz), France (including Chinois and Wenzhounese French), the United Kingdom (including Hong Kong Britons), South Africa, Italy, Bulgaria, Germany, Korea (including North Korea and South Korea), Fiji, Finland, Spain, India (including Zhongum), Laos, Brazil, the Netherlands (including Hongkongers), Argentina, Panama, Madagascar, Mauritius (including Namshun, Fokien, Hakka, and Sino-creoles), Seychelles, Venezuela, Cambodia (including Teochew, Cantonese Cambodians, Hainanese Cambodians, Hoklos, and Hakkas), Belgium, Denmark, Iran, Ireland, Israel, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, the Czech Republic, Chinese Bangladeshis, the Caribbean (including Cuba, the Dominican Republic, Haiti, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Trinidad and Tobago, Belize, Suriname, and Guyana), Chile, Costa Rica, Brazil, Nicaragua, Pakistan, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Portugal, Mozambique, Romania, Samoa, Serbia, Sri Lanka, Sweden, Turkey, the United Arab Emirates, Uruguay, Algeria, Angola, Botswana, Cameroon, Cape Verde, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Egypt, Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Lesotho, Libya, Malawi, Mali, Morocco, Namibia, Nigeria, the Republic of Congo, Senegal, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe, and New Zealand | Chinese folk religion, Buddhism → Chinese Buddhism, Taoism, Irreligion (see also Religion in China and Religion in Taiwan)
Hangaza | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Hangaza | Tanzania (Kagera Region)  |  | Christianity
Hani | Sino-Tibetan → Loloish → Hani | China (Yunnan)  |  | Animism
Harari | Afroasiatic → Semitic → Ethiopic → Harari | Ethiopia (Hararia)  |  | Islam → Sunni Islam
Haratins | Afroasiatic → Arabic → Maghrebi Arabic,[note 2] Afroasiatic → Berber[note 2] | Mauritania |  | Islam → Sunni Islam
Hausa | Afroasiatic → Chadic → Hausa | Hausaland (Niger, Nigeria, Ghana)  |  | Islam → Sunni Islam
Hawaiians | Austronesian → Polynesian → Hawaiian,[note 31] Indo-European → Germanic → English Creole → Hawaiian Pidgin, Hawaiʻi Sign, Hawaiʻi Sign and American Sign → Creole Hawaiʻi Sign | United States (Hawaii)  |  | Christianity, Hawaiian religion
Ḫawlan bin ʾAmir | Afroasiatic → Sayhadic → Razihi, Faifi | Yemen (Saada Governorate), Saudi Arabia (Fifa Mountains)  | Razihis, Faifis | Islam → Shia Islam → Zaydism
Haya | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Haya | Tanzania (Kagera Region)  |  | Christianity, Ruhanga
Hazaras | Indo-European → Iranic → Hazaragi | Afghanistan (Hazarajat)  |  | Islam → Shia and Sunni
Hehe | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Hehe | Tanzania (Iringa Region)  |  | Christianity
Heiltsuk | Wakashan → Northern Wakashan → Heiltsuk–Oowekyala → Heiltsuk | Canada (Central Coast Regional District)  |  | Native American religion
Helong[note 32][21] | Austronesian → Timoric → Helong | Indonesia (Kupang Regency, Semau Island, Flores Island)  |  | Christianity
Herero | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Herero | Namibia (Hereroland), Angola | OvaHimba, Ovambanderu | Christianity
Highland Travellers | Indo-European → Celtic → Scottish Gaelic → Beurla Reagaird | United Kingdom (Scottish Highlands)  |  | Christianity → Catholicism
Hindustani | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Hindustani | Hindustani Belt, Pakistan, Deccan, Old Dhaka | Urdu-speaking people, Hindi-speaking people | Hinduism, Islam
Hispanic Americans | Indo-European → Romance → Spanish → American Spanish | Hispanic America (Mexico, Colombia, Argentina, Peru, Venezuela, Chile, Ecuador, Guatemala, Bolivia, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Honduras, Paraguay, Nicaragua, El Salvador, Costa Rica, Panama, Uruguay), United States (Puerto Rico, Texas, New Mexico, California, Arizona, Colorado, Florida, Louisiana), Belize | Mexicans (including Northeastern Mexicans, Northwestern Mexicans, Baja Californians, Western Mexicans, Abajeno, Central Mexicans, Southern Mexican, Coastal Mexican, Chiapaneco, Yucateco, Basque-Mexican, Mexican-American), Colombian (Cundinamarqués, Bogotan, Boyacense, Santandereano, Huilense, Tolimense, Paisa, Caucano, Pastuso, Valluno, Llanero, Amazonian Colombian, Guajiro, Sabanero, Samario, Vallenato, Chochoano, Tumaqueño, Basque-Colombian, Colombian-American), Argentinian (North Argentinian, Guaranitic, Cuyano, Cordobes, Puntano, Litoraleno, Porteno, Patagonian, Basque-Argentinian, Argentinian-American), Peruvian (Ecuatorial Peruvian, Coastal Peruvian, Andean Peruvian, Amazonian Peruvian, Peruvian-American), Hispanic Venezuelans (Amazonian Venezuelans, Llaneros, Andean Venezuelans, Western Venezuelans, Eastern Venezuelan, Island Venezuelans, Caraquenos, Zulianos, Central Venezuelans, Venezuelan-American, Venezuelan-Colombian), Chilean (Chilean-American), Ecuadorian (Quitenos, Riobambenos, Cuencanos, Lojano, Esmeraldeno, Manabita, Guayaco, Amazonian Ecuadorian, Galapagueños, Ecuadorian Americans), Guatemalans (Guatemalan-American), Bolivian (Bolivian-American), Cubans (including Cuban Americans), Dominicans (Dominican-American), Honduran (Honduran-American), Paraguayan (Paraguayan-American), Nicaraguan (Nicaraguan-American), Salvadoran (Caliche, Salvadoran-American), Costa Rican (Costa Rican-American), Panamanians (including Panamanian Americans), Uruguayans (including Uruguayan Americans), Isleños, Hispanic-Belizean, Puerto Ricans, Hispanic Americans in the United States (including Chicanos, Nuyoricans), colonial-era Hispanos in the US and their modern descendants (Tejanos, Californios, Nuevomexicanos, Floridanos, Louisiana Isleños, Louisiana Spanish-Creoles), Spanish Americans (Asturian Americans, Basque Americans, Catalan Americans, Canarian Americans, Galician Americans), along with significant populations in the United States, Spain, France, Canada, Italy, Japan, Germany, United Kingdom, Portugal, Australia and Sweden | Christianity → Catholicism
Hmong | Hmong–Mien → Hmongic[note 2] | China (Guizhou)[note 33] | A-Hmao, Gha-Mu, Xong, Pa-Hng, Hmong Americans | Hmong folk religion
Holikachuk | Na-Dene → Athabaskan → Holikachuk | United States (Alaska)  |  | Christianity, Animism
Hopi | Uto-Aztecan → Hopi | United States (Hopi Reservation)  |  | Christianity, Native American Church
Huli | Trans–New Guinea → Engan → Huli | Papua New Guinea (Southern Highlands Province)  |  | Christianity, Papuan religion
Hunsrikers | Indo-European → Germanic → Hunsrik | Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul)  |  | Christianity → Catholicism, Protestantism
Hutterites | Indo-European → Germanic → Hutterite German | Great Plains (United States, Canada)  | Schmiedeleut, Lehrerleut, Dariusleut | Christianity → Anabaptism
Hutu | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Great Lakes → Rwanda-Rundi[note 34] | Rwanda, Burundi, Democratic Republic of the Congo (Kivu)  |  | Christianity
Iatmul | Sepik → Iatmul | Papua New Guinea (East Sepik Province)  |  | Christianity
Iban | Austronesian → Malayic → Iban | Malaysia (Sarawak)  | Mualang | Christianity
Ibanag | Austronesian → Philippine → Cordilleran → Ibanag | Philippines (Isabela, Cagayan)  |  | Christianity → Catholicism
Ibibio | Niger–Congo → Cross River → Ibibio, Niger–Congo → Cross River → Anaang, Niger–Congo → Cross River → Eket,  | Nigeria (Akwa Ibom State)  | Eket, Anaang, Oron | Christianity
Icelanders | Indo-European → Germanic → Icelandic, Francosign → DTSic → Icelandic Sign | Iceland |  | Christianity → Protestantism → Lutheranism, Asartu
Idoma | Niger–Congo → Idomoid → Idoma | Nigeria (Benue State)  | Agatu, Alago, Yala | Christianity
Igbo | Niger–Congo → Igbo | Nigeria (Igboland)  | Anioma, Aro, Edda, Ekpeye, Etche, Ezaa, Ika, Ikwerre, Ikwo, Isu, Izzi, Mbaise, Mgbo, Ngwa, Nri-Igbo, Ogba, Ohafia, Ohuhu, Onitsha-Ado, Ukwuani, Waawa | Christianity, Odinala
Igede | Niger–Congo → Idomoid → Igede | Nigeria (Benue State)  |  | Christianity
Igorot | Austronesian → Philippine → Cordilleran[note 2] | Philippines (Cordillera Administrative Region)  | Balangao, Bontoc, Ibaloi, Ifugao (including Kalanguya), Isnag, Kalinga, Kankanaey | Anitism
Ijaw | Niger–Congo → Ijaw[note 2] | Nigeria (Rivers, Bayelsa, and Delta States)  | Bille, Engenni, Ibani, Kalabari, Kula, Nkoro, Nkoroo, Obolo | Christianity
Ili Turks | Turkic → Karluk → Ili Turki | China (Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture), Kazakhstan |  | Islam → Sunni Islam
Ilocano | Austronesian → Philippine → Cordilleran → Ilocano | Philippines (Ilocos Region)  |  | Christianity → Catholicism
Imraguen | Afroasiatic → Arabic → Hassaniya Arabic → Imraguen | Mauritania, Western Sahara |  | Islam → Sunni Islam
Indo-Caribbeans | Indo-European → Germanic → English → English Creole; Indo-European → Romance → Spanish → Caribbean Spanish; Indo-European → Romance → French → French Creole; Indo-European → Germanic → Dutch → Surinamese Dutch; Indo-European → Romance → Portuguese → Papiamento; Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Hindustani → Caribbean Hindustani; Dravidian → Tamiloid → Tamil | Caribbean | Indo-Barbadians, Indo-Dominicans, Indo-Grenadians, Indo-Guadeloupeans, Indo-Haitians, Indo-Jamaicans, Indo-Martiniquais, Indo-Kittitians and Indo-Nevisians, Indo-Saint Lucians, Indo-Trinidadian and Tobagonians, Indo-Vincentians, Indo-Belizeans, Indo-Guyanese, Indo-Surinamese, with significant populations in the United States and the United Kingdom | Hinduism, Christianity, Islam, Sikhism, Jainism, Buddhism, Zoroastrianism, Baháʼí
Indo-Fijians | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Hindustani → Fiji Hindi; Indo-European → Germanic → English; Dravidian → Tamiloid → Tamil; Austronesian → Central Pacific → Fijian | Fiji | Significant populations in Australia, New Zealand, United States, Canada, and United Kingdom  | Hinduism, Islam, Christianity, Sikhism
Indo-Mauritians | Indo-European → French-based creole → Mauritian Creole; Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Bhojpuri; Dravidian → Tamiloid → Tamil | Mauritius |  | Hinduism, Islam
Indo-South Africans | Indo-European → Germanic → English → South African English | South Africa  |  | Hinduism, Islam, Sikhism, Jainism
Indos | Indo-European → Germanic → Dutch; Austronesian → Malayic → Indonesian–Malaysian Malay → Indonesian | Indonesia  |  | Christianity
Indus Kohistanis | Indo-European → Dardic → Indus Kohistani | Pakistan (Kohistan)  |  | Islam → Sunni Islam
Innu | Algic → Algonquian → Innu-aimun, Naskapi | Canada (Nitassinan)  | Naskapi (including Kawawachikamach Naskapi, Mushuau Naskapi), Nutashkuan Innu, Ekuanitshit Innu, Mushuau Innu, Sheshatshiu Innu, Matimekush-Lac John Innu, Uashat–Mani-Utenam Innu, Essipit Innu, Pekuakamiulnuatsh Innu, Pessamit Innu, Pakuashipi Innu, Unamenshipit Innu | Animism
Inuit | Eskaleut → Inuit,[note 2] Inuit Sign language | Danish Realm (Greenland), Canada (Inuit Nunangat), United States (Alaska)  | Greenlanders (including Kalaallit, Tunumiit, Inughuit and Greenlandic Danes), Inupiat (including Nunamiut), Inuktitut, Inuvialuit, Iglulik Inuit (including Aivilingmiut), historically Ahiarmiut | Christianity, Inuit religion
Iranis | Indo-European → Iranic → Zoroastrian Dari | India  |  | Zoroastrianism
Iranun | Austronesian → Philippine → Iranun | Philippines (Mindanao)  |  | Islam → Sunni Islam
Iraqw | Afroasiatic → Cushitic → Iraqw | Tanzania |  | Christianity
Isoko | Niger–Congo → Edoid → Isoko | Nigeria (Isoko region)  |  | Christianity
Itawes | Austronesian → Philippine → Cordilleran → Itawis | Philippines (Cagayan Valley)  |  | Christianity → Catholicism
Itelmens | Chukotko-Kamchatkan → Kamchatkan → Itelmen | Russia (Kamchatka Peninsula)  |  | Shamanism
Ivatans | Austronesian → Philippine → Batanic → Ivatan | Philippines (Batanes)  |  | Christianity → Catholicism
Jadgals | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Jadgali | Balochistan (Pakistan (Balochistan), Iran (Sistan and Baluchestan)), Oman | Sardarzahi, Bizenjo, Zehri, Sasoli, Mengal, Mir, Hoot  | Islam → Sunni Islam
Jamaican Maroons | Indo-European → Germanic → English → Jamaican Patois, Jamaican Maroon Creole | Jamaica |  | Kumfu
Jambian | Austronesian → Jambian | Indonesia (Jambia)  | Batin | Sunni Islam
Japanese/Yamato | Japonic → Japanese,[note 2][note 36] Hachijō; JSLic → Japanese Sign; Miyakubo Sign Language | Japan  | Kantō, Kansai, Hokkaido, Tōhoku, Hōnichi, Satsugū, Chūgoku, Echigo, Tōkai, Shinshuu, Hokuriku, Hachijō, Miyakubo, Tsugaru, and Nikkei Brazilians in Japan, along with significant populations in Brazil, the United States (including Hawaii), Canada, the Caribbean (including Cuba, the Dominican Republic, and Jamaica), Mexico, Argentina, Uruguay, Venezuela, France, Germany, Russia, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, China (including Hong Kong), Belgium (including Brussels), Spain (most notably Japón family of Coria del Río),[28][29] Turkey, Bolivia, Colombia, Paraguay, Peru, Chile, Egypt, India, Indonesia, North Korea, South Korea, Malaysia, Nepal, New Zealand, Australia, Pakistan, the Solomon Islands, Sri Lanka, Vietnam, South Africa, Singapore, the Federated States of Micronesia, Kiribati, the Marshall Islands, Palau, Thailand, Papua New Guinea, the United Arab Emirates, and the Philippines.  | Irreligion, Shinto, Tenrikyo, Buddhism;[note 37] Christianity → Catholicism → Kakure and Hanure Krishitanity
Jarai | Austronesian → Chamic → Jarai | Vietnam (Central Highlands)  |  | Animism
Jarawas | Ongan → Jarawa | India (South Andaman, Middle Andaman)  |  | Animism
Javanese | Austronesian → Javanese[note 2] | Indonesia (Java)  | Osing, Tenggerese, Boyanese, Banyumasan, Mataram, along with significant populations in Malaysia, Indonesians in Singapore (over 60% of Singaporean Malays are of Javanese descent),[30] Suriname, China, Sri Lanka, French Guiana, New Caledonia, and Saudi Arabia | Islam → Sunni Islam; Sunni Islam \+ Hinduism \+ Buddhism \+ Animism → Kejawèn
Jeks | Northeast Caucasian → Lezgic → Jek; Turkic → Oghuz → Azeri | Azerbaijan (Mount Shahdagh)  |  | Islam → Sunni Islam
Jews | Afroasiatic → Canaanite → Hebrew → Modern Hebrew,[note 38] Jewish languages,[note 2][note 39] DGSic → Israeli Sign, historically Indo-European → Romance → Zarphatic; Indo-European → Romance → Judaeo-Portuguese, Indo-European → Slavic → Knaanic | Israel[note 40] | Ashkenazim (including Galitzianers, Yekkes, Chuts, Unterlander Jews, Oberlander Jews, Litvaks, Afrikaner-Jews, Udmurt and Tatar Jews), Assyrian Jews, Sephardim (including Eastern Sephardim, North African Sephardim, Maroka'im, Algerian Jews (including Mozabite Jews), Tunisian Jews, Libyan Jews, Amazonian Jews, Iberian Jews, Sephardic Bnei Anusim, Xuetes, and Toshavim (including Mozabite Jews)), Mizrahim (including Bukharim, Juhurim, Kurdim, Syrian Jews, Arab Jews, Afghan Jews, Baghdadi Jews, Teimanim (including Rechabites, Baladi Jews, Shami Jews, and Rambamists), Sharʿabi Jews, Habbanim, Banu al-Harith, Adeni Jews, Persim, Mashhadi Jews, and Kaifeng Jews), Astrakhan Jews, Beta Israel (including Beta Abraham and Falash Mura), Italkim (including San Nicandro Jews and Italian Rite Jews), Rusape Jews, Romaniotes, Constantinopolitan Karaites, Bavlim, Crimean Karaites, Krymchaks, Gruzim, Benei Sion, Bene Israel, Banu Israil, Kochinim, Paradesi, Lishanid Noshan, Israeli Jews, B'nai Moshe, Bnei Menashe, Urfalim, Meshuchrarim, Abayudaya, Shaposhniki, Karaimites, Desi Jews, Igbo Jews, Levites (including Kohen), Transcarpathian Jews, and Bene Ephraim, as well as historically Khazars (including Kabars), along with significant populations in the United States (including Syrian Jews, Old Stock Jews, African-American Jews, Melungeon Jews, Puerto Rican Jews, Guamanian Jews), Canada, Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay, Russia, Belarus, the Czech lands, Ukraine, Moldova, Romania, Bulgaria, Poland, Turkey, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Austria, Italy, Greece, Switzerland, Belgium, Iraq, Denmark, the Netherlands, France, Monaco, the United Kingdom, Peru, South Africa, Australia, India (including Sephardim) and New Zealand | Judaism
Jingpo | Sino-Tibetan → Sal → Jingpho | China (Yunnan), India (Northeast India), Myanmar (Kachin State)  |  | Animism
Jita | Atlantic–Congo → Bantu → Suguti | Tanzania (Mara Region)  |  | Christianity, Ethnic Religion
Jola | Niger–Congo → West Atlantic → Senegambian → Jola[note 2] | Senegal (Jolaland)  | Banjaal, Bayot, Gusilay, Fogni, Karon, Kasa, Kuwaataay, Mlomp | Traditional African religions
Jukun | Niger–Congo → Jukun Takum[note 41] | Nigeria (Wukari)  | Wannu | Traditional African religions
Jur | Nilotic → Luo → Jur | South Sudan | Beli, Sopi, Mödö, Nyamusa, Wira, Biti, Morokodo | Christianity, Traditional African religions[32]
Kablunângajuit | Indo-European → Germanic → English → Canadian English → Newfoundland English | Canada (Nunatsiavut)  |  | Christianity
Kabyle | Afroasiatic → Berber → Kabyle | Algeria (Kabylia)  |  | Islam → Sunni Islam
Kadazan–Dusun | Austronesian → Southwest Sabahan → Dusunic[note 2] | Malaysia (Sabah)  | Kadazan, Dusun, Dumpas, Ida'an, Kwijau, Lotud, Mangka'ak, Maragang, Minokok, Orang Sungai, Rumanau, Rungus, Tambanuo | Christianity, Momolianism
Kafwe Twa | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Tonga | Zambia (Kafue Flats)  |  | Traditional African religion
Kaguru | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Kagulu | Tanzania (Ukaguru Mountains)  |  | Folk religion
Kaingang | Macro-Je → Je → Kaingang[note 2] | Brazil (Paraná, Santa Catarina, Rio Grande do Sul, Sao Paulo)  |  | Shamanism
Kalanga | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Shona → Kalanga | Zimbabwe, Botswana | Nambya | Christianity
Kalash | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Kalasha | Pakistan (Chitral District)  |  | Kalasha
Kalenjin | Nilo-Saharan → Nilotic → Kalenjin[note 2] | Kenya (Rift Valley Province)  | Keiyo, Tugen, Marakwet, Nandi, Kipsigis, Sabaot, Pokoot, Terik | Christianity
Kalinago | Indo-European → Germanic → English,[note 42] Arawakan → Ta-Arawakan → Kalinago → Garifuna, Vincentian Creole | Lesser Antilles |  | Christianity → Catholicism
Kalmyks | Mongolic → Central Mongolic → Oirat → Kalmyk Oirat, Sart Kalmyk | Russia (Kalmykia), Kyrgyzstan (Issyk-Kul Region)  | Sart Kalmyks, Buzava | Buddhism → Tibetan Buddhism
Kaluli | Trans-New Guinea → Kaluli | Papua New Guinea (Great Papuan Plateau)  |  | Papuan religion
Kamba | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Kamba | Kenya (Ukambani)  |  | Christianity
Kamentsa | Camsa language | Colombia (Putumayo)  |  | Christianity
Kanaks | Austronesian → Kanak[note 2] | France (Kanaky)  | Haveke, Ajie, Arha, Xaragure, Haeke | Christianity → Catholicism
Kangeanese | Austronesian → Malayo-Polyesian → Madurese → Kangeanese | Indonesia (Kangean Islands)  | Kangean, Paliat, Sepanjang, Sabunten, Saobi  | Islam → Sunni Islam
Kannadigas | Dravidian → Kannadoid → Kannada | India (Karnataka)  | Vokkaliga | Hinduism, Jainism
Kanuri | Nilo-Saharan → Saharan → Kanuri | Kanuriland (Nigeria, Niger, Chad, Cameroon)  | Kanembu, Yerwa Kanuri | Islam
Kao | West Papuan → North Halmahera → Kao; West Papuan → North Halmahera → Modole | Indonesia (Kao Land)  | Pagu, Modole people, Boeng, Towiliko  | Christianity, Islam, Animism
Kapampangans | Austronesian → Philippine → Kapampangan | Philippines (Pampanga)  |  | Christianity → Catholicism, Iglesia ni Cristo, Anitism
Kapingamarangi | Austronesian → Polynesian → Kapingamarangi | Federated States of Micronesia (Kapingamarangi)  |  | Christianity
Kapsiki | Afroasiatic → Chadic → Kapsiki | Mandara Mountains (Nigeria, Cameroon)  |  | Islam
Karakalpaks | Turkic → Kipchak → Karakalpak | Uzbekistan (Karakalpakstan)  | Qon'ırat, On To'rt Urıw  | Islam → Sunni Islam
Karbi | Sino-Tibetan → Kuki-Chin–Naga → Karbic[note 2] | India (Assam, Meghalaya)  | Karbi, Amri Karbi | Hinduism, Animism, Christianity
Karen | Sino-Tibetan → Karenic[note 2] | Myanmar (Karen State, Kayah State, Pa'O Self-Administered Zone), Thailand  | S'gaw Karen, Pwo Karen, Karenni (including Kayan), Pa'O | Buddhism → Theravada Buddhism
Kartudjara | Pama-Nyungan → Wati → Wati | Australia (Southern Australia)  |  | Animism
Karuks | Karuk language | United States (California)  |  | Christianity
Kashmiris | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Dardic → Kashmiri | Kashmir (India, Pakistan)  | Kashmiri Hindus (including Kashmiri Pandits), Kashmiris in Punjab | Islam → Sunni Islam, Hinduism, Sikhism
Kaska Dena | Na-Dene → Athabaskan → Kaska | Canada (British Columbia, Yukon Territory)  |  | Native American religion
Kassena | Atlantic–Congo → Gur → Kasena | Ghana (Kassena-Nankana), Burkina Faso |  | Kassena religion
Kaurna | Pama-Nyungan → Thura-Yura → Kaurna[note 43] | Australia (South Australia)  |  | Dreamtime
Kaw | Siouan → Western Siouan → Dhegihan → Kansa | United States (Oklahoma, Kansas)  |  | Christianity, Native American Church, Native American religion
Kawesqar | Alacalufan → Kawesqar | Chile (Chilean Patagonia, Wellington Island)  |  | Christianity → Protestantism
Kayapo | Macro-Je → Je → Kayapo | Brazil (Pará, Mato Grosso)  |  | Animism
Kazakhs | Turkic → Kipchak → Kazakh; Francosign → RSLic → Russian Sign → Kazakh Sign | Kazakhstan | Uly juz, Orta juz, Kishi juz. Significant populations in China, Iran, Canada, the United States, and Russia | Islam → Sunni Islam
Kemak | Austronesian → Timoric → Kemak | Indonesia (West Timor), East Timor |  | Folk religion, Christianity
Kereks | Chukotko-Kamchatkan → Chukotkan → Kerek | Russia (Chukotka)  |  | Shamanism
Keres | Keresan languages,[note 2] Keresan Sign Language | United States (Sandoval County and Cibola County, New Mexico)  | Eastern Keres (including Dámáyámʾé, Dîiwʾamʾé, Katishtya, Kʾúutìimʾé, Tsʾíiyʾamʾé) Western Keres (including Áakʾùumʾé, Kʾáwáigamʾé)  | Syncretised form of Christianity and Pueblo religion
Kerewe | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Kerewe | Tanzania (Ukerewe Island)  |  | Christianity, Traditional African religions
Kerincian | Austronesian → Kerincian | Indonesia (Kerincia)  |  | Sunni Islam
Ket | Yeniseian → Northern Yeniseian → Ket | Russia (Krasnoyarsk Krai)  |  | Shamanism
Khakas | Turkic → Siberian Turkic → Khakas | Russia (Khakassia)  |  | Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy → Russian Orthodoxy, Shamanism → Tengrism
Khalaj | Turkic → Common Turkic → Khalaj | Iran |  | Islam → Shia Islam
Khanty | Uralic → Khanty[note 2] | Russia (Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug)  |  | Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy → Russian Orthodoxy, Shamanism → Bear worship
Khas | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Nepali | Nepal, India (Uttarakhand, Sikkim, Assam, West Bengal)  | Chhetri, Thakuri, Rana, Vaisya, Kami, Damai, Sarki, Sunar, Gandarbha | Hinduism
Khasi | Austroasiatic → Khasi–Palaungic → Khasic[note 2] | India (Meghalaya)  | Pnar | Christianity
Khinalugs | Northeast Caucasian → Khinalug | Azerbaijan (Khinalug)  |  | Islam → Sunni Islam
Khmer | Austroasiatic → Khmer | Cambodia, Mekong Delta, Isan | Northern Khmer people, Khmer Krom and Significant populations in the United States | Buddhism → Theravada Buddhism
Khonds | Dravidian → Kui | India (Kandhamal)  |  | Hinduism
Khorasani Turks | Turkic → Oghuz → Khorasani Turkic | Iran (Khorasan), Turkmenistan |  | Islam → Shia Islam
Khwarshi | Northeast Caucasian → Tsezic → Khwarshi | Russia (Tsumadinsky District)  |  | Islam → Sunni Islam
Kickapoo | Algic → Algonquian → Kickapoo | United States (Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas), Mexico (Coahuila, Sonora, Durango)  | Tribu Kikapú, Kickapoo Tribe in Kansas, Kickapoo Traditional Tribe of Texas, Kickapoo Tribe of Oklahoma | Native American Church, Christianity
Kiga | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Kiga | Uganda, Rwanda |  | Christianity → Catholicism, Christianity → Protestantism
Kikuyu | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Kikuyu | Kenya (Central Province)  |  | Christianity
Kilba | Afroasiatic → Chadic → Huba | Nigeria (Hong)  |  | Christianity
Kinga | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Kinga | Tanzania (Kipengere Range)  |  | Christianity, Traditional African religion
Kiowa | Tanoan → Kiowa | United States (Oklahoma)  |  | Christianity, Native American Church
Kirantis | Sino-Tibetan → Kiranti[note 2] | Nepal (Eastern Region)  | Limbu, Sunuwar, Yakkha (including Athpare), Rai (including Kulung, Bantawa, and Bahing)  | Kirat Mundhum
Kiribati | Austronesian → Micronesian → Gilbertese | Gilbert Islands (Kiribati)  |  | Christianity, Baháʼí Faith
Kiriri | Indo-European → Romance → Portuguese → Brazilian Portuguese; formerly Macro-Jê → Kariri | Brazil (Ceará)  |  | Toré religion[33]
Kissi | Niger–Congo → West Atlantic → Mel → Kissi | Guinea, Sierra Leone |  | Christianity
Klallam | Salishan → Coast Salish → Klallam | United States (Olympic Peninsula, Kitsap Peninsula), Canada (Vancouver Island)  | Lower Elwha Klallam, Jamestown S'Klallam, Port Gamble S'Klallam, Scia'new Klallam | Christianity, Shamanism
Koara | Pama-Nyungan → Wati → Wati | Australia (Western Australia)  |  | Animism
Koches | Sino-Tibetan → Sal → Koch | India (Assam, Meghalaya), northern Bangladesh |  | Animism
Kodava | Dravidian → Tamil–Kodava–Urali → Kodava | India (Kodagu, Bangalore, Mysore)  |  | Hinduism
Kofyar | Afroasiatic → Chadic → Kofyar | Nigeria (Plateau State)  |  | Traditional African religions
Kokatha | Pama-Nyungan → Wati → Wati | Australia (South Australia)  |  | Animism
Konda Reddis | Dravidian → South-Central Dravidian → Telugu | India (Andhra Pradesh, Odisha, Tamil Nadu)  |  | Hinduism
Kongo | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Kongo | Kongoland (Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Angola)  | Lari, Vili, Yombe, Suundi, Dondo, Hangala, Kugni, Manyanga, Beembe | Christianity, Kongo religion
Konjo | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Konjo | Rwenzori Mountains (Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda)  | Nande | Christianity
Konkani | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Konkani | India (Konkan)  |  | Hinduism
Konso | Afroasiatic → Cushitic → Konso | Ethiopia (Konso)  |  | Traditional African religions
Koreans | Koreanic languages,[note 2] JSLic → Korean Sign | Korea (North Korea, South Korea), China (Jilin, Xi'an District)  | North Koreans (including in South Korea), South Koreans, Jeju Islanders, Koryo-saram, Sakhalin Koreans, Zainichi Koreans, Chaoxianzu (including in Japan and Korea) and along with significant populations in the United States, Canada, Mexico, Cuba, Guatemala, Russia (including North Koreans, Koryo-saram, and Sakhalin Koreans), China, Japan (including Zainichi Koreans and Chaoxianzu), Vietnam, Thailand, Singapore, the Philippines, Indonesia, Mongolia, Iran, Nepal, Taiwan, Sri Lanka, India, the Arab world, Africa (including South Africa), Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, Venezuela, Australia, Ukraine, New Zealand, Micronesia, Peru, Chile, Uruguay, Germany, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, and the Czech Republic | Christianity[note 44] → Protestantism and Catholicism, Buddhism → Mahayana Buddhism → Korean Buddhism, Korean shamanism, Cheondoism, Unification Church, Juche
Koryaks | Chukotko-Kamchatkan → Chukotkan → Koryak | Russia (Koryak Okrug)  |  | Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy, Shamanism
Kosraeans | Austronesian → Micronesian → Kosraean | Federated States of Micronesia (Kosrae)  |  | Christianity
Koyukon | Na-Dene → Athabaskan → Koyukon | United States (Alaska)  |  | Christianity, Animism
Kpelle | Niger–Congo → Mande → Kpelle | Liberia, Guinea |  | Traditional African religions
Kposo | Niger–Congo → Kwa → Ghana–Togo Mountain → Kposo | Togo (Plateaux), Ghana |  | Christianity → Catholicism
Kraho | Macro-Je → Je → Kraho | Brazil (Terra Indigena Kraolandia)  |  | Animism
Kristang | Indo-European → Portuguese-based creole → Kristang | Malaysia, Singapore  |  | Christianity → Catholicism
Kru | Niger–Congo → Kru[note 2] | Liberia (Grand Kru and Maryland Counties)  | Aizi, Bete, Bakwe, Grebo, Krahn (including Sapo), Kuwaa | Christianity
Kryts | Northeast Caucasian → Lezgic → Kryts | Azerbaijan |  | Islam → Sunni Islam
Kulin | Pama-Nyungan → Kulinic → Kulin | Australia (Victoria)  |  | Alcheringa
Kumandins | Turkic → Siberian Turkic → Northern Altai → Kumandy  | Russia (Altai Krai, Altai Republic)  |  | Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy → Russian Orthodoxy
Kumaonis | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Kumaoni | India (Uttarakhand (Kumaon)), Nepal (Doti)  | Johari, Askoti, Bhabhri, Danpuriya, Gangoli, Khasparjiya, Kumaiyya, Pachhai, Phaldakotiya, Rhau-Chaubyansi, Sirali, Soriyali  | Hinduism, Buddhism
Kumzari | Indo-European → Iranic → Kumzari | Oman (Kumzar)  |  | Islam → Ibadi Islam, Sunni Islam
Kunama | Nilo-Saharan → Kunama | Eritrea, Ethiopia  |  | Christianity → Oriental Orthodoxy → Ethiopian Orthodoxy
Kurds | Indo-European → Iranic → Kurdish,[note 2] Zaza–Gorani;[note 2] Turkic → Oghuz → Khorasani Turkic; Kurdish Sign language | Kurdistan (Iraq (Southern Kurdistan), Iran (Eastern Kurdistan, Khorasan, Golestan), Syria (Western Kurdistan), Turkey (Northern Kurdistan)), South Caucasus (Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia)  | Bajalan, Zazas, Feylis, Iranian Laks, Chechen Kurds, Yazidis, Yarsanis, Kurdish Christians, Shabaks, Sheylanli, Chalabianlu, Muzuri, Caucasian Kurds, Khorasani Kurds along with significant populations in Iraq (including Yazidis), Iran, Syria (including Yazidis), Turkey (including Yazidis), Armenia (including Yazidis), Georgia (including Yazidis), Azerbaijan, France, Palestine, Kazakhstan, and Germany (including Yazidis)  | Islam → Sunni Islam → Sufism → Naqshbandi, Qadiriyya; Islam → Alevism → Kurdish Alevism; Yazidism; Yarsanism; Zoroastrianism
Kuria | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Kuria | Kenya, Tanzania  |  | Traditional African religions, Christianity
Kurukh | Dravidian → Kurukh | India (Chota Nagpur Plateau)  | Kisan | Sarnaism, Christianity, Hinduism
Kuteb | Niger–Congo → Jukunoid → Kuteb | Nigeria (Taraba State)  |  | Christianity
Kuwarranyji | Pama–Nyungan → Ngumpin–Yapa → Mudburra → Kuwarranyji  | Australia (Northern Territory)  |  | Alcheringa
Kwakwaka'wakw | Wakashan → Northern Wakashan → Kwak'wala | Canada (British Columbia)  |  | Native American religion
Kwaya | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Kwaya | Tanzania (Mara Region)  |  | Christianity, Traditional African religion
Kwere | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Kwere | Tanzania (Bagamoyo District)  |  | Islam, Traditional African religion
Kwinti | Indo-European → English Creole → Kwinti | Suriname |  | Christianity → Moravian Church
Kyrgyz | Turkic → Kipchak → Kyrgyz; Mongolic → Central Mongolic → Oirat → Sart Kalmyk; Francosign → RSLic → Russian Sign[34] | Kyrgyzstan, China (Xinjiang), Uzbekistan | Sart Kalmyks, Kyrgyzstani Kyrgyz, Uzbekistani Kyrgyz, Chinese Kyrgyz (including Akto Turkmen), significant populations in Turkey, Pakistan | Islam → Sunni Islam → Hanafi, Tengrism
Ladakhis | Sino-Tibetan → Tibetic → Ladakhi | India (Ladakh), China (Tibet), Pakistan (Baltistan)  |  | Buddhism → Tibetan Buddhism, Islam → Shia Islam, Hinduism
Lamaholot | Austronesian → Flores–Lembata → Lamaholot | Indonesia (Solor)  |  | Christianity → Catholicism
Lampungs | Austronesian → Lampung | Indonesia (Lampung)  |  | Islam
Lani | Trans-New Guinea → Western Dani | Indonesia (Central Papua, Highland Papua)  |  | Christianity, Animism
Lao | Kra–Dai → Tai → Lao, Isan | Laos, Thailand (Isan)  | Isan, Lao Ga, Lao Krang, Lao Lom, Lao Loum, Lao Ngaew, Lao Song, Lao Ti, Lao Wiang | Buddhism → Theravada Buddhism, Satsana Phi
Larrakia | Larrakia | Australia (Northern Territory)  |  | Alcheringa
Laz | Kartvelian → Zan → Laz[note 45] | Lazistan (Turkey, Georgia)  | Turkish Laz, Georgian Laz | Islam → Sunni Islam
Lega | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Lega | Democratic Republic of the Congo |  | Traditional African religions
Lemba | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Venda, Niger–Congo → Bantu → Shona | Zimbabwe, South Africa, Malawi, Mozambique |  | Christianity, Islam, Judaism
Lenape | Algic → Algonquian → Munsee; historically Algic → Algonquian → Unami | United States, Canada  | Munsee (including Christian Munsee (including Delaware Nation at Moraviantown), Stockbridge Munsee, Munsee-Delaware Nation), Delaware Nation, Delaware Tribe of Indians, Lenape Indian Tribe of Delaware, Delaware of Six Nations, Nanticoke Lenni-Lenape, Ramapough Mountain Indians | Traditional Lenape religion
Lenca | Macro-Chibchan → Lencan, Indo-European → Romance → Spanish → Honduran Spanish, Salvadoran Spanish | Honduras, El Salvador |  | Christianity → Catholicism, Sovereign Tribal Custom
Lepchas | Sino-Tibetan → Tibeto-Burman → Lepcha | India (Sikkim, West Bengal), Nepal, Bhutan, China (Tibet)  |  | Buddhism, Mun, Christianity
Lezgins | Northeast Caucasian → Lezgic → Lezgian | Lezgistan (Russia, Azerbaijan)  | Azerbaijani Lezgins | Islam → Sunni Islam
Lhoba | Sino-Tibetan → Adi, Bokar, Idu Mishmi[note 46] | China (Tibet), India (Arunachal Pradesh)  | Nishi, Na, Galo, Mishmi people, Tagin, Adi | Animism, Buddhism, Christianity
Lhotshampa | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Nepali | Bhutan |  | Hinduism, Buddhism
Li | Kra–Dai → Hlai[note 2] | China (Hainan)  |  | Islam → Sunni Islam
Limba | Niger–Congo → Limba | Sierra Leone (Bombali and Koinadugu Districts)  |  | Christianity
Lisu | Sino-Tibetan → Loloish → Lisu | China, Myanmar | Lipo | Christianity → Protestantism → Lisu Christianity
Lodha | Austroasiatic → Munda → Lodhi | India (Jharkhand, Odisha, West Bengal)  | Lodha Muslims | Hinduism, Islam
Loloda | West Papuan → North Halmahera → Loloda | Indonesia (Loloda Islands)  |  | Islam, Animism
Lom | Indo-European → Armenian and Indo-Aryan → Lomavren; Indo-European → Armenian | Armenia, Georgia, Turkey  |  | Christianity → Oriental Orthodoxy
Lori | Indo-European → Iranic → Balochi; Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Saraiki | Balochistan (India, Pakistan)  |  | Islam
Lower Cowlitz | Historically Salishan → Coast Salish → Cowlitz | United States (Cowlitz Reservation, Quinault Reservation, Chehalis Reservation)  |  | Native American religion
Luangiua | Austronesian → Polynesian → Luangiua | Solomon Islands (Ontong Java)  |  | Christianity
Luba | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Luban[note 2] | Democratic Republic of the Congo (Lubaland)  | Luba-Kasai, Luba-Katanga, Hemba (including Bangubangu), Songe, Lulua | Christianity
Lubu | Austronesian → Malayic → Lubu | Indonesia (Sumatra)  |  | Islam
Lugbara | Nilo-Saharan → Central Sudanic → Lugbara | Democratic Republic of the Congo (Orientale Province), South Sudan, Uganda (West Nile (particularly Arua City, Arua, Maracha, Terego, Madi-Okollo, Yumbe and Koboko districts))  | Ayivu, Maracha, Terego, Vurra, Aringa  | Christianity, Islam, Lugbara religion[35]
Luhya | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Luhya | Kenya (Western Province)  | Bukusu, Idakho, Isukha, Kabras, Khayo, Kisa, Marachi, Maragoli, Marama, Nyole, Samia, Tachoni, Tiriki, Tsotso, Wanga,  | Christianity
Lumbee | Indo-European → Germanic → English → American Indian English → Lumbee English | United States (North Carolina)  |  | Christianity
Luo | Nilo-Saharan → Nilotic → Dholuo | Kenya |  | Christianity
Luritja | Pama-Nyungan → Wati → Luritja | Australia (Northern Territory)  |  | Alcheringa
Lurs | Indo-European → Iranic → Luri | Iran (Lorestan, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad, Khuzestan, Bushehr, and Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Provinces)  | Bakhtiari, Iranian Laks | Islam → Shia Islam, Yarsanism
Luso-Africans | Indo-European → Romance → Portuguese → African Portuguese | PALOP countries (Angola, Guinea-Bissau, Cape Verde, Mozambique, São Tomé and Príncipe, Equatorial Guinea), South Africa  | Portuguese Africans (including Luso-Angolans, Cape Verdeans, Luso-Equatoguineans, Luso-Guineans, Mozambique, Santomeans, Luso-South Africans)  | Christianity → Catholicism
Luso-Brazilians | Indo-European → Romance → Portuguese → Brazilian Portuguese | Brazil  | North Brazilians, Northeast Brazilians, Central-West Brazilians, Southeast Brazilians (includes Caipiras), South Brazilians (including Paranaenses, Riograndenses, and Catarinenses), along with significant populations in the United States, Portugal, Paraguay, United Kingdom, Japan, Italy, Spain, Germany, Canada, Argentina, France, Switzerland, French Guiana, Australia, Ireland, Mexico, Uruguay, Belgium, Bolivia, Netherlands, and Suriname | Christianity → Catholicism
Luso-Indians | Indo-European → Romance → Portuguese → Daman and Diu Portuguese Creole, Korlai Portuguese Creole, Cochin Portuguese Creole; Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Konkani, Gujarati; Indo-European → Germanic → English | India (Goa, Gujarat, Mumbai, Vasai, Daman, Diu & Silvassa, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Kolkata, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka)  |  | Christianity → Catholicism; Hinduism
Maasai | Nilo-Saharan → Nilotic → Maasai | Maasailand (Tanzania, Kenya)  | Samburu, Arusha, Kwavi | Traditional African religions
Macanese | Indo-European → Romance → Portuguese → Macanese Patois, Sino-Tibetan → Sinitic → Cantonese | China (Macau)  |  | Christianity → Catholicism
Macushi | Cariban → Macushi | Guyana (Rupununi), Brazil (Roraima)  |  | Shamanism
Madi | Nilo-Saharan → Central Sudanic → Ma'di | Democratic Republic of the Congo, South Sudan, Uganda |  | Christianity
Madurese | Austronesian → Malayo-Polyesian → Madurese | Indonesia (Madura)[note 47] | Boyanese | Islam → Sunni Islam → Shafi'i
Mafa | Afroasiatic → Chadic → Mafa | Cameroon |  | Christianity
Magahi | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Bihari → Magahi | India (Magadha)  |  | Hinduism
Magars | Sino-Tibetan → Magar[note 48] | Nepal | Ale, Gharti, Chantayal, Saru, Pun  | Hinduism, Buddhism
Maguindanao | Austronesian → Philippine → Maguindanao | Philippines (Maguindanao)  |  | Islam
Mahar | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Marathi | India (Maharashtra)  |  | Buddhism → Navayana Buddhism
Maithils | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Bihari → Maithili | Mithila (India, Nepal)  | Karan Kayastha, Brahmin, Chhetri, Vaisya | Hinduism
Makaa | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Makaa, Niger–Congo → Bantu → Byep | Cameroon (East Region, Centre Region)  | South Makaa, North Makaa | Christianity, Traditional African religion
Makah | Wakashan → Southern Wakashan → Makah | United States (Washington)  |  | Native American religion
Makassarese | Austronesian → South Sulawesi → Makassarese | Indonesia (South Sulawesi)  |  | Islam → Sunni Islam
Makianese | West Papuan → North Halmahera → Moi, Austronesian → South Halmahera → Taba,  | Indonesia (Makian)  | Tabayama, Jitinee  | Islam → Sunni Islam, Animism
Makonde | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Makonde | Tanzania, Mozambique (Mueda Plateau)  | Machinga | Islam
Makua | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Makhuwa | Mozambique | Lomwe, Chuwabu, Moniga, Koti, Nathembo | Traditional African religions
Malagasy | Austronesian → Greater Barito → Malagasy | Madagascar, Comoros, Mayotte, Réunion, Mauritius | Merina, Sihanaka, Betsileo, Zafimaniry, Antaifasy, Antemoro, Antaisaka, Antambahoaka, Tandroy, Antankarana, Antanosy, Bara, Betsimisaraka, Bezanozano, Mahafaly, Makoa, Mikea, Sakalava, Tanala, Tsimihety, Vezo | Christianity, Malagasy religion
Malasar | Dravidian → Tamiloid → Malasar | India (Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu)  |  | Hinduism
Malayalis[note 49] | Dravidian → Malayalamoid → Malayalam | India (Kerala)  | Ambalavasi, Dheevara, Nair, Paravar, Ezhava, Malabar Latin Catholics, Saint Thomas Christians along with significant populations in the Arab states of the Persian Gulf | Hinduism, Islam, Christianity
Malayarayans | Dravidian → Malayalamoid → Malaryan | India (Kerala, Tamil Nadu)  |  | Hinduism
Malays | Austronesian → Malayic → Malaysian–Indonesian Malay, Brunei Malay, Jambi Malay, Pahang Malay, Terengganu Malay, Kelantan-Pattani Malay, Kedah Malay, Reman Malay; Francosign → ASLic → Malaysian Sign; Austronesian → Malay Creole → Sri Lanka Malay | Malay world (Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia, Brunei)  | Kedahans, Pattani, Pahang, Pontianaks, Terengganuarians, Kelantanese, Perakians, Berau, Loloan Malays, Proto-Malay (including Orang Kuala, Jakun, Orang Rimba, Orang Seletar, and Temuan) Cape Malays, Cocos Malays, Bangka Malays, Thai Malays, Burmese Malays, Sri Lanka Malays, Bruneians | Islam → Sunni Islam
Maldivians | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Maldivian | Maldives, India (Minicoy)  | Mahls | Islam → Sunni Islam
Mambai | Austronesian → Timoric → Mambai | East Timor (Dili District)  |  | Christianity → Catholicism
Mambila | Niger–Congo → Mambila | Mambilla Plateau (Nigeria, Cameroon)  | Somyev | Traditional African religions
Manchus | Tungusic → Southern Tungusic → Manchu[note 50] | Manchuria (China, Russia)  | Significant populations in Taiwan | Shamanism
Mandaeans | Afroasiatic → Semitic → Mandaic | Southern Mesopotamia | Iraq, Iran | Mandaeism
Mandarese | Austronesian → South Sulawesi → Mandar | Indonesia (West Sulawesi)  |  | Islam
Mandinka | Niger–Congo → Mande → Manding[note 2] | Mali, The Gambia, Guinea, Senegal | Bolon | Islam
Mangalorean Catholics | Indo-European languages → Indo-Aryan → Konkani | India (Karnataka)  |  | Christianity → Catholicism
Mangarevans | Austronesian → Polynesian → Mangareva | France (Gambier Islands)  |  | Christianity
Manggarai | Austronesian → Sumba–Flores → Manggarai | Indonesia (Manggarai)  |  | Christianity
Manjak | Niger–Congo → West Atlantic → Senegambian → Manjak | Guinea-Bissau, Senegal |  | Traditional African religions
Malabar Muslims | Dravidian → Malayalamoid → Malayalam → Arabi Malayalam | India (Kerala, Lakshadweep)  | Mappilas, Thangals, Baramis, Themims, Pusalars, Ossans, Koyas, Kerala Gulf diaspora | Islam → Sunni Islam
Mannan | Dravidian → Tamiloid → Mannan | India (Idukki district)  |  | Hinduism
Mansi | Uralic → Mansi[note 2] | Russia (Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug)  |  | Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy → Russian Orthodoxy, Shamanism → Bear worship
Māori | Austronesian → Polynesian → New Zealand Māori,[note 51] | New Zealand  | Māori Indians, with significant populations in the United Kingdom, Australia, and the United States | Christianity
Mapuche | Araucanian languages[note 2][note 52] | Chile (Araucania), Argentina | Huilliche, Moluche, Pehuenche | Christianity, Mapuche religion
Maranao | Austronesian → Philippine → Maranao | Philippines (Lanao)  |  | Islam
Marathi | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Marathi | India (Maharashtra)  | Mahar, Maratha, Kunbi, Dhangar, Bhoi | Hinduism, Jainism
Mardijkers | Austronesian → Malayic → Malay → Betawian, Austronesian → Malayic → Malay → Indonesian, Indo-European → Romance → Portuguese | Indonesia (Jakarta)  |  | Christianity
Maronites | Afroasiatic → Semitic → Lebanese Aramaic,[note 53] Cypriot Arabic, Levantine Arabic | Levant, Cyprus  | Significant populations in Syria, Lebanon, Cyprus and Israel along with the greater Lebanese diaspora | Christianity → Maronite Catholicism
Marquesas Islanders | Austronesian → Polynesian → Marquesan | France (Marquesas Islands)  |  | Christianity
Marshallese | Austronesian → Micronesian → Marshallese | Marshall Islands |  | Christianity → Protestantism
Masa | Afroasiatic → Chadic → Masana | Cameroon, Chad |  | Christianity, Islam[citation needed]
Masalit | Nilo-Saharan → Masalit | Sudan, Chad |  | Islam → Sunni Islam
Matagi | Japonic → Japanese → Tohoku → Matagi | Japan (Ani, Shirakami-Sanchi)  |  | Animism
Matawai | Indo-European → Germanic → English → Saramaccan | Suriname |  | Christianity → Moravian Church
Mauritian Creoles | Indo-European → Romance → French → Mauritian Creole | Mauritius |  | Christianity → Catholicism, Rastafari
Maya | Mayan;[note 2] Mayan Sign | Guatemala, Belize, Mexico (Yucatan, Campeche, Quintana Roo, Tabasco, Chiapas)  | Maya, Achi, Chuj, Chʼortiʼ, Itza, Kʼicheʼ, Qʼeqchiʼ, Tektitek, Huastecan, Mopan, Lacandon, Chontal, Akatek, Jakaltek, Qʼanjobʼal, Tzeltal, Mochoʼ, Tojolab'al, Mam, Ixil, Tzotzil, Poqomam, Yucatecan Maya, Motozintlecos, Awakatek, Kaqchikel, Sakapultek, Sipakapense, Uspantek, Chʼol, and Tzʼutujil | Christianity → Catholicism; Maya religion
Mayangna | Misumalpan → Sumo[note 2] | Nicaragua (Mosquito Coast)  | Panamahka, Tawahka, Ulwa  | Christianity
Mayles | Indo-European → Germanic → English → American English | United States (West Virginia)  |  | Christianity → Protestantism
Mayo | Uto-Aztecan → Cahitan → Mayo | Mexico (Sonora, Sinaloa)  |  | Christianity → Catholicism, Native American religion
Mazahua | Oto-Manguean → Oto-Pamean → Mazahua | Mexico (State of Mexico)  |  | Christianity → Catholicism
Mazandaranis | Indo-European → Iranic → Mazanderani | Iran (Mazandaran)  |  | Islam → Shia Islam
Mazatec | Oto-Manguean → Popolocan → Mazatecan[note 2] | Mexico (Oaxaca)  | Ayautla | Christianity → Catholicism
Mbaka | Niger–Congo → Ubangian → Mbaka | Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of the Congo |  | Christianity → Catholicism
Mbugu | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Mbugu, Pare; Niger–Congo and Afroasiatic → Bantu and Cushitic → Maʼa | Tanzania (Usambara Mountains)  |  | Christianity, Islam, Traditional African religion
Megleno-Romanians | Indo-European → Romance → Megleno-Romanian | Greece (Almopia)  |  | Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy, Islam → Sunni Islam
Mehri | Afroasiatic → Eastern South Semetic → Mehri | Oman (Dhofar), Yemen (Al Mahrah Governorate, Socotra)  |  | Islam
Meitei | Sino-Tibetan → Kuki-Chin–Naga → Meitei | India (Manipur)  | Loi | Hinduism → Vaishnavism
Melanau | Austronesian → Melanau–Kajang → Melanau[note 2] | Malaysia (Sarawak)  |  | Islam
Mele-Fila | Austronesian → Polynesian → Mele-Fila | Vanuatu (Mele, Ifira)  |  | Christianity
Melungeons | Indo-European → Germanic → English → Appalachian English | United States (Appalachia)  | Carmel Indians | Christianity → Protestantism → Baptists
Mende | Niger–Congo → Mande → Mende | Sierra Leone (Southern and Eastern Provinces)  |  | Islam
Mennonites | Indo-European → Slavic → Russian; Germanic → German, Dutch, English; Romance → Spanish | Europe, Americas | Russian Mennonites, Old Order Mennonites, Old Colony Mennonites, Amish Mennonites (including Beachy Amish (including Old Beachy Amish), Kauffman Amish Mennonites, Egli Amish, Stuckey Amish), with significant populations in Argentina, Belize, Bolivia, Colombia, El Salvador, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, and Uruguay | Christianity → Anabaptism → Mennonitism
Menominee | Indo-European → Germanic → English; Algic → Algonquian → Menominee | United States (Wisconsin (Menominee Indian Reservation))  | Keshena, Legend Lake, Middle Village, Neopit, Zoar | Christianity → Catholicism, Big Drum, Native American Church
Métis | Indo-European and Algic → Romance and Algonquian → French and Plains Cree → Michif; Indo-European → Romance → French → Metis French; Indo-European → Germanic → English → Bungi | Canada (Canadian Prairies, British Columbia, Northwest Territories, Northwestern Ontario), United States (Michigan, Illinois, Ohio, Minnesota, North Dakota, Montana)  | Anglo-Metis, Little Shell Métis | Christianity
Mi'kmaq | Algic → Algonquian → Mi'kmaq[note 20] | Canada (Mi'kma'ki), United States (Maine)  | Mi'kmaq Nation, Miawpukek | Christianity → Catholicism
Miami | Algic → Algonquian → Miami–Illinois → Miami proper  | United States (Illinois)  | Indiana Miami, Oklahoma Miami, Piankeshaw | Christianity, Native American religion
Miccosukee | Muskogean → Mikasuki | United States (Miccosukee Indian Reservation)  |  | Christianity, Native American religion
Mien | Hmong–Mien → Mienic;[note 2] Sino-Tibetan → Chinese → Badong Yao, Shaozhou Tuhua, Xiangnan Tuhua, Yeheni | China (Hunan, Guizhou), Vietnam | Iu Mien, Kim Mun, Dzao Min, Biao Min, Bunu, Lakkia, Biao Mon, San Diu | Yao folk religion
Mijikenda | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Mijikenda | Kenya (Coast Province)  | Chonyi, Giriama, Digo, Segeju, Rabai | Christianity
Minahasan | Austronesian → Philippine → Minahasan;[note 2] Austronesian → Malay Creole → Manado Malay | Indonesia (Minahasa Peninsula)  | Tonsawang, Tontemboan, Tondano, Tombulu, Tonsea | Christianity → Protestantism
Minangkabau | Austronesian → Malayic → Minangkabau, → Negeri Sembilan Malay | Indonesia (Minangkabau Highlands), Malaysia (Negeri Sembilan)  | Overseas Minangkabau | Islam → Sunni Islam
Misak | Barbacoan → Northern Barbacoan → Coconucan → Nam Trik | Colombia (Cauca)  |  | Traditional religion, Christianity → Catholicism
Mising | Sino-Tibetan → Tani → Mising | India (Assam, Arunachal Pradesh)  |  | Donyi-Polo, Ekasarana Dharma
Miskito | Misumalpan → Miskito; Germanic → English Creole → Miskito Coast Creole | Mosquito Coast (Nicaragua, Honduras)  | Miskito Sambu | Christianity → Protestantism → Moravian Church
Mixe | Mixe–Zoque → Mixe[note 2] | Mexico (Oaxaca)  |  | Christianity → Catholicism
Mixtec | Oto-Manguean → Mixtecan → Mixtec | Mexico (La Mixteca)  | Triqui, Cuicatecs, Amoltepec | Christianity → Catholicism
Moghols | Indo-European → Iranic → Dari; historically Mongolic → Moghol | Afghanistan  | Nikudari | Islam → Sunni Islam
Mohawk | Iroquoian → Northern Iroquoian → Mohawk | Canada (Quebec, Ontario), United States (New York)  |  | Animism, Christianity
Moken | Austronesian → Moken | Thailand, Myanmar (Mergui Archipelago, Surin Islands)  |  | Buddhism
Mon | Austroasiatic → Mon | Myanmar (Mon State)  |  | Buddhism → Theravada Buddhism
Monacans | Historically Siouan → Ohio Valley Siouan → Tutelo[note 54] | United States (Virginia, West Virginia, Maryland, Ohio)  |  | Christianity
Mongo | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Mongo | Democratic Republic of the Congo (Equateur, Tshuapa, Mongala, Nord-Ubangi, Sud-Ubangi)  | Bolia, Ntomba, Ngando, Iyaelima, Mbole, Mpama, Nkutu, Sengele, Hendo, Dengese, Tetela | Christianity
Mongols | Mongolic languages;[note 2] Francosign → Austro-Hungarian Sign → Mongolian Sign; historically Turkic → Karluk → Uyghur → Khoton | China (Inner Mongolia, Dorbetia, Bayingolin, Dzungaria, Subei-Mongolia, Santania, Kharchinia), Mongolia | Khalkha (including Khotogoids, Eljigin), Oirats (including Manchurian Öelets,[37] Dörbets, Zakhchins, Bayads, Olots, Altai Uriankhais), Hamnigan, Tsagaan, Khatso, Bonan, Sichuan Mongols, Sogwo Arig, Ordos, Darkhad, Kanja, Sogwo Arig, Mughals, Santa, Naimans, Dariganga, Khorchin, Kharchin, Koke Nuur, Chaharian, Jalairs, Gorlos, Sartuul, Myangad, Tubalar, Uzemchin, Uradian, Tumed, Baarins, Hishigten, Muumyangan, Jalaids, Abaganar, Chantuu, Olot, Sunud, Shar Darkhads, Eastern Dorbet, Aohans, Onnigud, Khoshut, Abagas, Khotons, Alasha, Khoid, Choros, Qaidam, Fujin, with significant populations in India, the Czech Republic, the United States, South Korea, Japan, Taiwan, the United Kingdom, Canada | Buddhism → Tibetan Buddhism, Tengrism
Mongondow | Austronesian → Philippine → Mongondow | Indonesia (Mongondowia)  |  | Islam → Sunni Islam
Moriori | Austronesian → Polynesian → Moriori,[note 55] Indo-European → Germanic → English[38] | New Zealand (Chatham Islands)  |  | Christianity including Rātana
Mormons[39] | Indo-European → Germanic → English | United States (Mountain States)  |  | Christianity → Mormonism
Moru | Nilo-Saharan → Central Sudanic → Moru | South Sudan (Western Equatoria)  | Miza; Ägyi; Moroändri; Kediro, 'Bari'ba[40] | Christianity → Protestantism → Anglicanism → Episcopal Church of the South Sudan[41]
Mossi | Niger–Congo → Gur → Mossi | Burkina Faso (Mossiland)  |  | Islam
Mosuo | Sino-Tibetan → Naish → Na | China (Sichuan and Yunnan)  |  | Daba, Buddhism → Tibetan Buddhism
Motu | Austronesian → Papuan Tip → Motu | Papua New Guinea (Central Province)  |  | Christianity, Shamanism
Mudburra | Pama–Nyungan → Ngumpin–Yapa → Mudburra | Australia (Northern Territory)  |  | Alcheringa
Mughals | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Hindustani; historically Indo-European → Iranic → Persian | India, Pakistan, Bangladesh |  | Islam
Muhajir | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Urdu | Pakistan  |  | Islam → Sunni Islam
Muiscas | Chibchan → Chibcha | Colombia (Altiplano Cundiboyacense)  |  | Muisca religion, Christianity → Catholicism
Mumuye | Niger–Congo → Adamawa → Mumuye | Nigeria (Taraba State)  |  | Traditional African religions
Munanese | Austronesian → Celebic → Munanese[note 2] | Indonesia (Muna)  |  | Islam
Mundas | Austroasiatic → Munda → Mundari | India (Jharkhand, Odisha, West Bengal)  | Sabar, Mahali | Sarnaism
Murut | Austronesian → Southwest Sabahan → Murutic[note 2] | Malaysia (Murutia)  | Okolod, Keningau, Tagal, Paluan, Selungai, Timugon, Serudung, Sembakung, Tidong, Kalabakan, Bulungan, Bookan | Christianity → Catholicism
Muscogee | Muskogean → Muscogee,[note 8] Muskogean → Eastern Muskogean → Mikasuki | United States (Alabama, Tennessee, Georgia)[note 9] | Thlopthlocco, Kialegee, Muscogee Nation, Poarch Band, Lower Muskogee Creek Tribe, Creek Freedmen | Native American religion → Creek mythology, Four Mothers Society
Musgum | Afroasiatic → Chadic → Musgu | Cameroon (Far North Region), Chad (Chari-Baguirmi, Mayo-Kebbi Est)  |  | Islam
Muthuvans | Dravidian → Tamiloid → Muthuvan | India (Kerala, Tamil Nadu)  |  | Hinduism
Mwera | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Mwera | Tanzania (Mtwara and Ruvuma Regions)  |  | Islam
Nagas | Sino-Tibetan → Tibeto-Burman → Kuki-Chin–Naga;[note 2][note 56] historically Angami Naga Sign | India (Nagaland, Manipur, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam), Myanmar (Naga Self-Administered Zone)  | Angami, Ao, Chakhesang (including Chokri and Khezha), Chang, Khiamniungan, Konyak, Lotha, Mao, Maram, Maring, Nocte, Phom, Pochury, Poumai, Rengma, Sangtam, Sumi, Tangkhul, Tangsa, Tikhir, Wancho, Yimkhiung, Zeliangrong (Zemi, Liangmei, Rongmei/Kabui), Lamkang Naga | Christianity → Protestantism → Baptism
Nagpuri | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Bihari → Sadri | India (Chota Nagpur Plateau)  | Chik Baraik | Hinduism
Nahuas | Uto-Aztecan → Nahuan → Nahuatl | Mexico | Huasteca Nahuas, Mexicaneros, Sierra Puebla Nahuas, Guerrero Nahuas, Orizaba Nahuas, Southeastern Puebla Nahuas, Central Nahuas, Pipil | Christianity → Catholicism, Aztec religion
Nakoda | Siouan → Western Siouan → Stoney | Canada (Alberta, Saskatchewan)  | Wood Stoney, Mountain Stoney  | Christianity
Nama | Khoe → Khoekhoe | Namibia (Namaland), South Africa  | Oorlams | Christianity
Nanai | Tungusic → Nanai, Tungusic → Kili | Russia, China  |  | Shamanism, Buddhism → Tibetan Buddhism
Naso | Chibchan → Talamanca → Teribe | Panama (Bocas del Toro)  |  | Native American religion
Natchez | Natchez language[note 8] | United States (Oklahoma, South Carolina)  | Eastern Band | Christianity, Native American religion
Nauruans | Austronesian → Micronesian → Nauruan | Nauru |  | Christianity → Protestantism
Navajo | Na-Dene → Apachean → Navajo; Navajo Family Sign[note 8] | United States (Dinétah)  |  | Christianity → Catholicism, Native American Church
Ndendeule | Niger-Congo languages → Bantu languages → Ndendeule | Tanzania |  | Animism
Negidals | Tungusic → Northern Tungusic → Negidal | Russia (Khabarovsk Krai), Ukraine  |  | Shamanism
Nenets | Uralic → Samoyedic → Nenets[note 2] | Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug | Forest Nenets, Tundra Nenets | Shamanism, Animism
Newars | Sino-Tibetan → Newar | Nepal (Kathmandu Valley)  | Rajupadhaya, Rajbhandari, Pradhan, Malla, Shrestha, Shakya, Chitrakar | Hinduism, Buddhism → Vajrayana → Newar Buddhism
Nez Perce | Plateau Penutian → Sahaptian → Nez Perce,[note 8] Indo-European → Germanic → English | United States (Idaho, Washington)  |  | Waashat Religion, Christianity
Ngabe | Chibchan → Guaymi | Panama (Ngabe-Bugle Comarca)  |  | Christianity → Catholicism
Ngaju | Austronesian → Barito → Ngaju | Indonesia (Central Kalimantan)  | Bakumpai, Meratus | Kaharingan
Ngalop | Sino-Tibetan → Tibetic → Dzongkha | Bhutan | Kheng, Bumthang | Buddhism → Tibetan Buddhism, Bon
Nganasans | Uralic → Samoyedic → Nganasan; historically Indo-European → Slavic → Russian → Taimyr Pidgin Russian | Russia (Taymyr Autonomous Okrug)  |  | Animism, Shamanism, Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy
Ngarinyin | Worrorran → Ngarinyin | Australia (Western Australia)  |  | Dreamtime
Ngbandi | Niger–Congo → Ubangian → Ngbandi | Democratic Republic of the Congo, Central African Republic | Yakoma | Christianity
Ngoni | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Ngoni | Malawi, Mozambique, Tanzania, Zimbabwe, and Zambia |  | Christianity, African Traditional Religion, Sangoma, Islam
Ni-Vanuatu | Indo-European → English Creole → Bislama; over 100 Oceanic languages | Vanuatu |  | Christianity, Animism
Nias | Austronesian → Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands → Nias | Indonesia (Nias)  |  | Christianity
Nicobarese | Austroasiatic → Nicobarese | India (Nicobar Islands)  |  | Christianity, Animism
Nipmucs | Historically Algic → Algonquian → Loup A, Massachusett | United States (Chaubunagungamaug Reservation, Hassanamisco Reservation)  | Chaubunagungamaug Nipmuck, Hassanamisco Nipmuc, Nipmuc Nation | Manito, Christianity
Nisga'a | Tsimshianic → Nass–Gitksan → Nisga'a | Canada (British Columbia)  |  | Native American religion
Niueans | Austronesian → Malayo-Polyesian → Polynesian → Niuean | New Zealand (Niue)  |  | Christianity → Protestantism → Calvinism
Nivkhs | Nivkh languages[note 2] | Russia (Khabarovsk Krai, Sakhalin Oblast)  |  | Shamanism
Nkole | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Nkore-Kiga → Nkore | Uganda (Ankole)  |  | Christianity, Ruhanga
Nooksack | Salishan → Coast Salish → Nooksack | United States (Washington)  |  | Native American religion, Christianity
Noongar | Pama-Nyungan → Nyungic → Noongar | Australia (Western Australia)  | Amangu, Ballardong, Yued, Kaneang, Koreng, Mineng, Njakinjaki, Njunga, Pibelmen, Pindjarup, Wadandi, Whadjuk, Wiilman, Wudjari | Alcheringa
Norfolk Islanders | Indo-European → Germanic → English, Indo-European → Germanic → English Creole → Pitcairn–Norfolk → Norfuk | Australia (Norfolk Island)  |  | Irreligion, Christianity → Protestantism → Anglicanism[42]
Nubians | Nilo-Saharan → Nubian[note 2] | Nubia (Egypt, Sudan)  | Nobiin, Mattokki, Dongolawi, Midob, Birgid, Hill Nubians (including Dilling, Debri, Ghulfan, Kadaru, Karko, and Wali)  | Islam → Sunni Islam
Nubis | Afroasiatic → Arabic creoles → Nubi | Uganda, Kenya | Ugandan Nubis, Kenyan Nubis  | Islam
Nuer | Nilo-Saharan → Nilotic → Nuer | South Sudan (Nuerland)  |  | Traditional African religions
Nugurians | Austronesian → Polynesian → Nuguria | Papua New Guinea (Nuguria)  |  | Christianity
Nukumanu | Austronesian → Polynesian → Nukumanu | Papua New Guinea (Nukumanu)  |  | Christianity
Nukuorans | Austronesian → Polynesian → Nukuoro | Federated States of Micronesia (Nukuoro)  |  | Christianity
NunatuKavummiut | Indo-European → Germanic → English → Newfoundland English | Canada (NunatuKavut)  |  | Christianity → Protestantism → Evangelicalism; Animism
Nùng | Kra–Dai → Tai → Nùng | Vietnam, China (Guangxi)  |  | Moism
Nuristanis | Indo-European → Indo-Iranian → Nuristani[note 2] | Afghanistan (Nuristan)  | Safed-Posh Kaffirs (including Askunis), Kamkata-viris (including Kata and Kom)  | Islam → Sunni Islam
Nuu-chah-nulth | Wakashan → Southern Wakashan → Nuu-chah-nulth | Canada (British Columbia)  |  | Native American religion
Nuxalk | Salishan → Nuxalk | Canada (British Columbia)  |  | Native American religion
Nyambo | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Nyambo | Tanzania (Karagwe District, Kagera Region)  |  | Christianity → Protestantism → Evangelicalism
Nyishi | Sino-Tibetan → Tani → Nishi | India (Arunachal Pradesh)  |  | Christianity
O'odham | Uto-Aztecan → Piman → O'odham | Mexico (Sonora), United States (Arizona)  | Akimel O'odham, Tohono O'odham, Hia C-eḍ O'odham | Christianity → Catholicism, Native American religion
Ōbeikei Islanders | Indo-European → English Creole → Bonin English | Japan (Bonin Islands)  |  | Christianity, Buddhism, Shinto
Odawa | Algic → Algonquian → Ottawa[note 57] | Canada (Ontario), United States (Oklahoma, Michigan)  |  | Midewiwin, Animism, Traditional religion, Christianity[43]
Odia | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Odia | India (Odisha)  | Utkala Brahmins, Khandayat, Bonaz, Badu; Bairagi (Oriya); Barika; Chaikwa; Chatarkheya; Dhobi, Oriya; Ganrar; Ghantarghada; Girigiria; Gond (Oriya); Haddi; Jhodia; Kobari; Koraga; Kuliya; Lohar, Oriya; Mali, Oriya; Malia; Panka (Oriya); Paroja; Patra; Radhi; Sannyasi; Teli, Oriya; Thanapati; Thoria  | Hinduism
Ogiek | Nilo-Saharan → Nilotic → Ogiek | Kenya (Mau Forest, Mount Elgon)  |  | Christianity, Traditional Ogiek religion[44]
Ogoni | Niger–Congo → Cross River → Ogoni[note 2] | Nigeria (Ogoniland)  | Baan, Eleme, Gokana, Tẹẹ | Christianity
Ogu | Niger–Congo → Kwa → Gbe → Gun | Nigeria (Lagos, Ogun State), Benin |  | Christianity, Islam, West African Vodun[45]
Oji-Cree | Algic → Algonquian → Oji-Cree | Canada (Ontario, Manitoba)  |  | Anishinaabe traditional beliefs, Christianity[46]
Ojibwe | Algic → Algonquian → Ojibwe[note 2][note 57] | Anishinaabeland (Canada, United States)  | Mississaugas, Saulteaux, Findians | Midewiwin
Okies | Indo-European → Germanic → English → Oklahoman English | United States (Oklahoma, California)  |  | Christianity → Protestantism → Southern Baptist
Oku | Indo-European → English Creole → Krio; Indo-European → Germanic → English | Sierra Leone, The Gambia |  | Islam
Omaha | Siouan → Western Siouan → Dhegihan → Omaha-Ponca | United States (Nebraska, Iowa)  |  | Christianity, Native American religion
Oneida | Iroquoian → Northern Iroquoian → Oneida[note 57] | Canada (Ontario), United States (New York, Wisconsin)  |  | Longhouse Religion
Onge | Ongan → Onge | India (Little Andaman Island)  |  | Animism
Onondaga | Iroquoian → Northern Iroquoian → Onondaga | Canada (Ontario), United States (New York)  |  | Longhouse Religion, Kanoh'hon'io, Kahni'kwi'io, Christianity[47]
Orang Laut | Austronesian → Malayic[note 2] | Malaysia (Malay Peninsula), Indonesia (Riau Archipelago), Singapore[note 23] | Loncong, Orang Seletar | Animism, Folk religion, Islam → Sunnism
Ormurs | Indo-European → Iranic → Ormuri | Afghanistan (Logar Province), Pakistan (South Waziristan)  |  | Islam
Orochs | Tungusic → Udegheic → Oroch | Russia (Khabarovsk Krai, Magadan Oblast, Sakhalin Oblast, Primorsky Krai)  |  | Shamanism, Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy[48]
Oroks[note 58] | Tungusic → Nanaic → Orok | Russia (Sakhalin Oblast), Japan  | Karafuto Oroks[note 59] | Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy → Russian Orthodoxy, Shamanism
Oromo | Afroasiatic → Cushitic → Oromo[note 2] | Ethiopia (Oromia), Kenya | Boorana, Barento, Salale, Machaa, Arsi, Wollo | Islam → Sunni Islam
Oroqens | Tungusic → Northern Tungusic → Oroqen | China (Heilongjiang, Inner Mongolia)  |  | Shamanism, Buddhism → Tibetan Buddhism[49]
Osage | Siouan → Western Siouan → Dhegihan → Osage; Indo-European → Germanic → English; Indo-European → Romance → French[50] | United States (Missouri, Oklahoma, Arkansas, Kansas)  |  | Christianity, Inlonshka, Traditional Spirituality[51]
Ossetians | Indo-European → Iranic → Ossetian[note 2] | Ossetia (Russia, Georgia)  | Iron, Digor, Kudar, Trialeti Ossetians | Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy
Ot Danum | Austronesian → Greater Barito → Ot Danum | Indonesia (West and Central Kalimantan)  | Lawangan, Ma'anyan | Kaharingan
Otomi | Oto-Manguean → Otomian → Otomi | Mexico (Hidalgo, Puebla, Veracruz, State of Mexico, Queretaro)  |  | Christianity → Catholicism
Ouvéans | Austronesian → Polynesian → West Uvean | France (New Caledonia (Ouvéa))  |  | Christianity
Ovambo | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Ovambo | Namibia (Ovamboland), Angola |  | Christianity → Protestantism → Lutheranism
Ovimbundu | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Umbundu | Angola |  | Christianity
Pākehā | Indo-European → Germanic →English → New Zealand English | New Zealand  |  | Irreligion, Christianity
Palau | Austronesian → Malayo-Polynesian → Palauan; Indo-European → Germanic → English → Palauan English | Palau |  | Christianity, Modekngei
Palawa | Indo-European → Germanic → English; Palawa kani; historically Tasmanian languages[note 2][note 60] | Australia (Tasmania)  |  | Alcheringa
Palembangese | Austronesian → Malayic → Palembang | Indonesia (South Sumatra)  |  | Islam → Sunni Islam[52]
Palula | Indo-European → Dardic → Palula | Pakistan (Chitral District)  | Ashreti, Biori  | Islam → Sunni Islam[53]
Pamiris | Indo-European → Iranic → Pamir[note 2] | Pamir Mountains (Tajikistan, Afghanistan, China)  | Shughni, Sarikoli (including Tajiks of Xinjiang), Yazghulami, Munji, Yidgha, Sanglechi, Ishkashimi | Islam → Shia Islam → Isma'ilism
Pangasinese | Austronesian → Philippine → Pangasinan | Philippines (Pangasinan)  |  | Christianity → Catholicism
Papel | Niger–Congo → Atlantic → Senegambian → Papel | Guinea-Bissau (Biombo Region)  |  | Christianity → Catholicism
Parachis | Indo-European → Iranic → Parachi | Afghanistan (Nijrab District, Kabul)  |  | Islam
Paramaccan | Indo-European → Germanic → English → Ndyuka | Suriname (Pamacca)  |  | Winti
Pardo | Indo-European → Romance → Portuguese | Brazil  |  | Christianity → Catholicism
Pare | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Pare | Tanzania (Pare Mountains)  |  | Islam
Parsis | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Gujaratic → Gujarati | Indian subcontinent (India, Pakistan)  |  | Zoroastrianism
Pashayi | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Dardic → Pashayi[note 2] | Afghanistan (Laghman, Kapisa and Nangarhar Provinces)  |  | Islam → Sunni Islam, Shia Islam → Isma'ilism → Nizari Isma'ilism
Pashtuns | Indo-European → Iranic → Pashto[note 2] | Pashtunistan (Afghanistan, Pakistan), Iran (Khorasan, Mazandaran), India  | Kakar, Ghilji (including Lodi (including Niazi, Hotak (including Babai), and Lohani (including Marwat))), Popalzai (including Sudhan), Punjabi Pathans (including Malerkotla Pathans and Multani Pathans), Tareen, Bettani (including Shirani), Afridi, Sarbani, Bangash, Karlani, Rohilla, and other Pashtun tribes, with significant populations in the United States, India, Kashmir, Sri Lanka | Islam → Sunni Islam → Hanafi; Sikhism
Pataxó | Macro-Jê → Maxakalian → Pataxó | Brazil (Bahia)  |  | Shamanism
Pawnee | Caddoan → Pawnee-Kitsai → Pawnee-Arikara → Pawnee | United States (Oklahoma, formerly Kansas and Nebraska)  |  | Christianity, Native American Church
Pedi | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Northern Sotho → Sepedi  | South Africa (Limpopo)  |  | Christianity
Pende | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Pende | Democratic Republic of the Congo |  | Christianity
Pennsylvania Dutch | Indo-European → Germanic → Pennsylvania Dutch; Indo-European → Germanic → English → Pennsylvania Dutch English | United States (Pennsylvania)  | Schwenkfelders, River Brethren (including Yorker Brethren)  | Christianity → Protestantism
Persians | Indo-European → Iranic → Persian, Achomi | Iran (Fars)  | Arab-Persians, Achomi, Sistanis (including Khorasani Sistanis and Golestani Sistanis), Dezfulis, Shushtaris, along with significant populations in the United States, the United Arab Emirates, Canada, Germany, the United Kingdom, Bahrain, Australia, and Sweden | Islam → Shia Islam → Twelver Shi'ism, Islam → Sufism → Ni'matullāhī, Safaviyya, Zoroastrianism, Baháʼí
Piapoco | Arawakan → Upper Amazon Arawakan → Piapoco | Colombia (Meta), Venezuela |  | Traditional religion, Christianity → Catholicism
Pied-Noir | Indo-European → Romance → French | Algeria |  | Christianity
Pileni | Austronesian → Polynesian → Vaeakau-Taumako | Solomon Islands (Reef Islands)  |  | Christianity
Pitcairn Islanders | Indo-European → Germanic → English, Indo-European → Germanic → English Creole → Pitcairn-Norfolk → Pitkern | British Overseas Territories (Pitcairn Islands)  | Significant population in Norfolk Island, along with a diaspora in Australia, and New Zealand[54] | Christianity → Protestantism → Seventh-day Adventism
Pitjantjara | Pama-Nyungan → Wati → Pitjantjara | Australia (Central Australia)  |  | Alcheringa
Pohnpeians | Austronesian → Micronesian → Pohnpeian | Federated States of Micronesia (Pohnpei)  |  | Christianity
Ponca | Siouan → Western Siouan → Dhegihan → Omaha-Ponca | United States (Nebraska, Oklahoma)  |  | Christianity, Native American Church
Potawatomi | Algic → Algonquian → Potawatomi | Canada (Ontario, United States (Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Michigan, Oklahoma, Wisconsin)  |  | Midewiwin, Christianity → Catholicism; Protestantism → Methodism[55]
Potiguara | Tupian → Potiguara' Indo-European → Romance → Portuguese | Brazil (Paraíba)  |  | Shamanism
Powhatans | Indo-European → Germanic → English; historically Algic → Algonquian → Virginia Algonquian | United States (Tsenacommacah)  |  | Christianity, Native American religion[56]
Punjabi Mexican Americans | Indo-European → Germanic → English → American English | United States (California)  |  | Hinduism, Sikhism, Islam, Christianity
Punjabis | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Punjabic[note 2] | Punjab (Pakistan, India)  | Arain, Awan, Gujjars, Jat, Bhatti, Khatris, Punjabi Rajputs, Sikhs (including Jat Sikhs), Chibhālīs,[57] along with significant populations in the United Kingdom, Canada, and the United States | Islam → Sunnism; Hinduism; Sikhism; Ravidassia
Purepecha | Purépechan languages[note 2] | Mexico (Michoacan)  |  | Christianity → Catholicism
Qarai | Indo-European → Iranic → Persian, Balochi | Iran (Kerman province)  |  | Islam → Shi'ism
Qashqai | Turkic → Oghuz → Qashqai | Iran (Fars province)  |  | Islam → Shi'ism
Qiang | Sino-Tibetan → Qiangic[note 2] | China (Ngawa Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture)  |  | Qiang folk religion
Quapaw | Siouan → Western Siouan → Dhegihan → Quapaw | United States (Oklahoma, formerly Arkansas)  |  | Christianity, Native American religion, Native American Church
Quechan | Yuman → Quechan | United States (Arizona, California)  |  | Native American religion, Christianity
Quechua | Quechuan[note 2] | Peru, Bolivia, Ecuador, Colombia, Argentina | Ayacucho, Cajamarca–Canaris, Central, Chachapoyas, Cusco, Inga, Huanca, Kichwa, Lamas, North Bolivian, Pacaraos, Puno, Santiagueno, South Bolivian | Christianity → Catholicism, Inca religion
Quileute | Chimakuan → Quileute | United States (Washington)  |  | Native American religion
Qulla | Quechuan → Quechua II → Southern Quechua | Qullaw (Argentina, Bolivia, Chile)  |  | Christianity → Catholicism
Rabari | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Gujarati, Sindhi → Kutchi | India (Kutch)  |  | Hinduism
Rade | Austronesian → Chamic → Rade | Central Highlands, Vietnam |  | Christianity
Rajasthanis | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Rajasthani[note 2] | India (Rajasthan)  | Charan, Kachhi, Marwari, Meena, Rajputs (including Chandels, Mahyavanshi, and Molesalam)  | Hinduism, Jainism, Sikhism
Rajbanshi | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Kamtapuri | India (Assam, West Bengal), Bangladesh |  | Hinduism
Rakhine | Sino-Tibetan → Burmese → Arakanese | Myanmar (Rakhine State)  | Marma | Buddhism → Theravada Buddhism
Rama | Chibchan → Rama; Germanic → English Creole → Miskito Coast Creole → Rama Cay Creole | Nicaragua (Rama Cay)  |  | Christianity → Protestantism → Moravian Church
Ramkokamekra | Macro-Je → Je → Canela | Brazil (Northeast Region)  |  | Animism
Ranquel | Araucanian → Mapudungun → Ranquel  | Argentina (La Pampa Province)  |  | Native American religion[58]
Rapa Iti | Austronesian → Polynesian → Rapa | France (Rapa Iti)  |  | Christianity
Rapa Nui | Austronesian → Polynesian → Rapa Nui | Chile (Easter Island)  |  | Christianity → Catholicism
Redbones | Indo-European → Germanic → English → American English | United States (Louisiana)  |  | Christianity
Rejangese | Austronesian → Malayo-Polynesian → Rejang | Indonesia (Rejang Lebong Regency)  |  | Islam → Sunnism
Relli | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Reli, Hindi | India (Andhra Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Odisha, West Bengal)  |  | Hinduism
Rendille | Afroasiatic → Cushitic → Rendille | Kenya (Eastern Province)  |  | Waaq
Rennellese | Austronesian → Polynesian → Rennellese | Solomon Islands (Rennell and Bellona)  |  | Christianity
Rhodesians | Indo-European → Germanic → English → Zimbabwean English | Zimbabwe | Significant populations in the United Kingdom  | Christianity
Rifians | Afroasiatic → Berber → Tarifit | Morocco |  | Islam → Sunnism
Rohingyas | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Rohingya | Myanmar (Rakhine State)  |  | Islam
Roma | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Romani,[note 2] Para-Romani;[note 2][note 61] Indo-European → Romance → Romanian → Boyash | Europe, Turkey, Cyprus, Caucasus[note 23] | Kalderash, Iberian Cales (including Spanish Cales, Portuguese Cales, Brazilian Cales), Erromintxela, Finnish Kale, Welsh Kale, Vlax Roma, Romanichal (including Scottish Romanichal Travellers), Lowland Scottish Travellers, Burgenland Roma, Sinti (including Manouches), Belaruska Roma, Litovska Roma, Lotfitka Roma, Ruska Roma, Crimean Roma (including Urmacheli, Krimurja, Tayfa), Gurbeti, Xoraxane Roma (including Turkish Roma, Zargari, and Arlije), Romanisal, Bergitka Roma, Polska Roma, Cascarots, Ursari, Balshade, Romanlar (including Turkish Roma, Sepetçi, Ayjides, Yerli, and Çerge), Wallachian Roma, Servitka Roma, Lovari, Boyash, along with significant populations in Albania, Algeria, Australia, Austria, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Colombia, Croatia, the Czech Republic, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Kosovo, Mexico, Montenegro, Morocco, the Netherlands, North Macedonia, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Turkey, Ukraine, the United Kingdom, the United States (including Balshade, Afro-Roma), and Uruguay | Christianity, Islam
Rotenese | Austronesian → Timoric → Rotenese[note 2] | Indonesia (Rote Island)  | Dela, Oenale | Christianity
Rotumans | Austronesian → Central Pacific → Rotuman | Fiji (Rotuma)  |  | Christianity → Protestantism → Seventh-day Adventism, Methodism; Catholicism[59]
Russians | Indo-European → Slavic → Russian; Francosign → Russian Sign | Russia, Ukraine (Sumy Oblast), and surrounding regions  | Caucasus Russians, Siberians, Cossacks (including Kuban Cossacks and Nekrasov Cossacks), Pomors, Subbotniks, Old Believers (including Kamenschiks, Lipovans, Semeiskie), Karyms, Gurans, Doukhobors, Alaskan Russians (including Alaskan Creoles, Alaskan Old Believers), Goryuns, Kamchadals, Molokans (including Subbotnik Molokans), Polekhs, Starozhily, along with significant populations in Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Belarus, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, China (including Hong Kong), Estonia, France, Germany, Israel, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Taiwan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Armenia (including Molokans), the United States, Uzbekistan | Christianity → Spiritual Christianity, Eastern Orthodoxy → Russian Orthodoxy, Old Believerism and Old Ritualism; Christianity and Animism → Eastern Orthodoxy and Animism → Pomor Christianity
Rutuls | Northeast Caucasian → Lezgic → Rutul | Russia (Dagestan), Azerbaijan |  | Islam → Sunni Islam
Ryukyuans | Japonic → Ryukyuan;[note 2][note 62] Japonic → Japanese → Okinawan Japanese, Amami Japanese; JSLic → Japanese Sign; Koniya Sign Language | Japan (Ryukyu Islands)  | Amami (including Kikai, Amami Ōshima (including Setouchi), Tokunoshima, Okinoerabu, and Yoron), Okinawans (including Kunigami) Miyakoans, Tarama, Yaeyama, Yonaguni, with significant populations in Bolivia [ja], Brazil, and the United States (including Hawaii)  | Irreligion; Ryukyuan religion; Christianity → Catholicism → Ryukyuan Catholicism
Saho | Afroasiatic → Cushitic → Saho | Eritrea, Ethiopia  |  | Islam → Sunnism
Sahrawis | Afroasiatic → Arabic → Hassaniya Arabic | Western Sahara | Reguibat, Oulad Delim, Oulad Tidrarin, Laaroussien, Tekna, Tajakant, Aït Oussa | Islam → Sunnism
Saint Helenians | Indo-European → Germanic → English | Saint Helena |  | Christianity → Anglicanism
Saint Thomas Christians | Dravidian → Malayalamoid → Malayalam | India (Kerala)  | Northists, Knanayas | Christianity → Saint Thomas Christianity
Sakizaya | Austronesian → East Formosan → Sakizaya | Hualien County (Taiwan)  |  | Animism, Christianity
Salar | Turkic → Oghuz → Salar | China (Qinghai, Gansu)  |  | Islam → Sunnism
Salinan | Hokan → Salinan | United States (California)  |  | Native American religion
Sama–Bajau | Austronesian → Barito → Sama–Bajaw[note 2] | Maritime Southeast Asia (Philippines, Malaysia, Indonesia, Brunei)[note 23] | Sama (including Banguingui), Bajaw, Abaknon | Islam → Sunnism
Samaritans | Afroasiatic → Canaanite → Hebrew → Modern Hebrew; Afroasiatic → Arabic → Levantine Arabic → Palestinian Arabic; historically Afroasiatic → Northwest Semitic → Samaritan Hebrew, Samaritan Aramaic | Israel, Palestine |  | Samaritanism
Sambal | Austronesian → Philippine → Sambalic[note 2] | Philippines (Zambales)  | Bolinao, Botolan (including Banguingui)  | Christianity → Catholicism
Samoans | Austronesian → Polynesian → Samoan | Samoan Islands (Samoa, American Samoa)  | American Samoans, Samoan Samoans, with significant populations in New Zealand, the United States | Christianity
Sandawe | Sandawe | Tanzania (Chemba District)  |  | Traditional African Religion, Islam
Sangirese | Austronesian → Philippine → Sangirese | Indonesia (Sangihe Islands), Philippines (Mindanao)  |  | Christianity → Protestantism
Sanka[note 63] | Japonic → Japanese → Sanka | Japan (mountainous regions of Honshu)  |  | Animism
Sankethi Brahmin | Dravidian → Tamiloid → Tamil → Sankethi | India (Karnataka)  |  | Hinduism → Advaita Vedanta
Santal | Austroasiatic → Munda → Santali | India (West Bengal, Jharkhand, Odisha)[note 3] |  | Christianity → Catholicism
Sara | Nilo-Saharan → Central Sudanic → Sara[note 2] | Chad, Central African Republic | Ngambay, Doba, Laka, Kabba, Sar, Mbay, Ngam, Dagba, Gulay | Traditional African religions
Saraiki | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Saraiki | Pakistan (Saraikistan, Derajat)  | Khakwani, Derawali, Waiha | Islam
Saramaka | Indo-European → Germanic → English → Saramaccan | Suriname |  | Winti, Christianity → Moravian Church
Sasak | Austronesian → Sasak | Indonesia (Lombok)  |  | Islam
Saurashtras | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Saurashtra | India (South India)  |  | Hinduism → Vaishnavism, Hinduism → Shaivism
Savu | Austronesian → Sumba–Flores → Sumba → Hawu | India (Savu)  |  | Christianity → Protestantism
Sekani | Na-Dene → Athabaskan → Sekani | Canada (British Columbia)  |  | Christianity, Animism
Selk'nam | Chonan → Selk'nam, Indo-European → Romance → Spanish | Tierra del Fuego (Argentina, Chile)  |  | Animism, Christianity
Selkups | Uralic → Samoyedic → Selkup | Russia (Tomsk Oblast, Krasnoyarsk Krai, Tyumen Oblast)  |  | Shamanism, Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy
Seminoles | Muskogean → Muscogee → Seminole, Muskogean → Mikasuki, Afro-Seminole Creole | United States (Oklahoma, Florida), Mexico (Coahuila)  | Oklahoma Seminoles, Black Seminoles (including Mascogos), Florida Seminoles | Christianity → Protestantism, Catholicism; Green Corn Ceremony
Semnanis | Indo-European → Iranic → Semnani[note 2] | Iran (Semnan)  | Biyabunakis, Sangsaris, Sorkheis, Aftaris, Lasgerdis | Islam → Shi'ism → Twelver Shi'ism
Seneca | Iroquoian → Northern Iroquoian → Seneca | Canada (Ontario), United States (New York, Oklahoma)  |  | Longhouse Religion, Christianity[60]
Sentinelese | Sentinelese | India (North Sentinel Island)  |  | Animism[61]
Senufo | Atlantic–Congo → (disputed) → Senufo[note 2] | Mali, Ivory Coast, Burkina Faso | Nafana, Minyanka | Traditional African religions
Serer | Atlantic–Congo → Senegambian → Serer, Cangin[note 2] | Senegal | Laalaa, Ndut, Niominka, Serer-Noon, Palor, Saafi | Islam, Serer religion
Serrano | Uto-Aztecan → Takic → Serrano[note 8] | United States (California)  | Mountain Serrano, Desert Serrano  | Native American religion
Seychellois Creoles | Indo-European → French-based creole → Seychellois Creole | Seychelles |  | Christianity → Catholicism
Shan | Kra–Dai → Tai → Shan | Myanmar (Shan State)  |  | Buddhism → Theravada Buddhism
Sharchops | Sino-Tibetan → Tibeto-Kanauri → Tshangla | Bhutan (Lhuntse, Mongar, Pemagatshel, Samdrup Jongkhar, Trashigang, and Trashiyangtse Districts)  |  | Buddhism → Tibetan Buddhism, Bon
Shawnee | Algic → Algonquian → Shawnee | United States (Oklahoma, historically Ohio)  | Absentee Shawnee, Eastern Shawnee, Piqua Shawnee, Shawnee Tribe | Indigenous religion[62]
Sherbro | Atlantic–Congo → Mel → Sherbro | Sierra Leone (Sherbro Island)  |  | Traditional African religions
Sherpas | Sino-Tibetan → Tibetic → Sherpa | Nepal, India (Sikkim, West Bengal)  |  | Buddhism
Shilha | Afroasiatic → Berber → Shilha | Morocco |  | Islam → Sunnism
Shilluk | Nilo-Saharan → Nilotic → Shilluk | South Sudan | Gule | Christianity → Catholicism
Shina | Indo-European → Dardic → Shina, Indo-European → Dardic → Kohistani Shina | Pakistan (Gilgit-Baltistan)  | Kohistani Shina | Islam
Shirazi | Atlantic-Congo → Bantu → Swahili | Tanzania (Swahili Coast), Kenya, Mozambique, Comoros | Zanzibaris, and Maore | Islam → Sunnism
Shiriana | Arawakan → Shiriana, Arutani language | Brazil (Amazonas, Amazon rainforest), Venezuela (Amazon rainforest)  | Auake | Animism[63]
Shompen | Shompen | India (Great Nicobar Island)  |  | Animism
Shona | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Shona | Zimbabwe (Mashonaland)  | Manyika, Ndau | Christianity
Shors | Turkic → Siberian Turkic → Shor | Russia (Gornaya Shoriya, Khakassia, Altai Republic)  |  | Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy → Russian Orthodoxy, Shamanism → Shor Shamanism
Shoshone | Uto-Aztecan → Numic → Shoshoni | Wyoming, Idaho, Nevada, Utah (United States)  | Eastern Shoshone, Northern Shoshone, Western Shoshone, Goshute | Native American Church, Christianity
Sibe | Tungusic → Xibe[note 50] | China (Liaoning, Jilin, Xinjiang)[note 3] |  | Shamanism[note 44]
Siberian Tatars | Turkic → Kipchak → Tobol-Irtysh, Baraba, Tom[note 64] | Russia (Western Siberia)  | Baraba Tatars, Chats, Eushta Tatars, Kalmak Tatars, Siberian Bukharans, Zabolotnie Tatars | Islam → Sunnism
Siberian Yupik | Eskaleut → Eskimo → Siberian Yupik, Eskaleut → Eskimo → Naukan | Russia (Chukchi Peninsula), United States (St. Lawrence Island)  | Naukan | Shamanism
Sicilians | Indo-European → Romance → Sicilian, Italian; historically Afroasiatic → Arabic → Sicilian Arabic | Italy (Sicily)  | Pelagie Islanders (Lampedusans, Linosans), Pantellerians, with significant populations in the United States | Christianity → Catholicism
Sidama | Afroasiatic → Cushitic → Sidaama | Ethiopia (Sidamia)  |  | Christianity
Siddi | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Swahili[note 65] → Sidi | Pakistan (Baluchistan, Sindh), India (Karnataka, Gujarat, Hyderabad)  |  | Islam
Sierra Leone Creoles | Indo-European → Germanic → English → Krio, Indo-European → Germanic → English → Pichinglis | Sierra Leone | Gambian Creoles, Saros, Krio Fernandinos, with significant populations in the United States | Christianity
Sika | Austronesian → Flores–Lembata → Sika | Indonesia (Sikka Regency)  |  | Christianity → Catholicism
Sikaiana | Austronesian → Polynesian → Sikaiana | Solomon Islands (Sikaiana)  |  | Christianity
Siltʼe | Afroasiatic → Semitic → Ethiopic → Gurage → Siltʼe | Ethiopia (Siltia)  |  | Islam
Sindhis | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Sindhi | Pakistan (Sindh)  | Jat, Jamote, Memon, Arain, Indian Sindhis | Islam → Sunnism → Hanafism; Hinduism
Sinhalese | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Sinhala | Sri Lanka  | Dewa, British Sri Lankans, Burghers (including Portuguese Burghers and Dutch Burghers)  | Buddhism → Theravada Buddhism
Siona | Tucanoan → Western Tucanoan → Siona | Ecuador (Sucumbios), Colombia (Putumayo)  |  | Animism
Sioux | Siouan → Western Siouan → Sioux[note 2][note 66] | United States (Lakotah)  | Lakota (including Brulé, Oglala, Sans Arc, Hunkpapa, Miniconjou, and Sihasapa) and Dakota (including Mdewakanton)  | Native American religion
Sirenik | Eskaleut → Eskimo → Siberian Yupik,[note 67] historically Eskaleut → Eskimo → Sirenik | Russia (Sireniki)  |  | Christianity, formerly shamanism
Skokomish | Salishan → Coast Salish → Twana | United States (Skokomish Indian Reservation)  |  | Christianity → Indian Shaker Church[64]
Slavey | Na-Dene → Athabaskan → Slavey[note 2] | Canada (Alberta, Northwest Territories)  | Deh Cho, Sahtu | Christianity, Animism
Soga | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Soga | Uganda (Busoga)  |  | Christianity, Traditional African religions
Somalis | Afroasiatic → Cushitic → Somali[note 2] | Greater Somalia (Somalia, Ethiopia, Djibouti, Kenya)  | Hawiye, Darod (including Majeerteen), Isaaq, Dir, Rahanweyn, Madhiban, Yibir, Ajuran along with significant populations in the United States, the United Kingdom, Sweden, and Canada | Islam → Sunnism → Shafi'ism
Songhai | Songhay languages[note 2] | West Africa | Songhai proper, Zarma, Wogo, Kurtey, Ingalkoyyu, Arma, Belbali, Dendi | Islam
Soninke | Niger–Congo → Mande → Soninke | Mali |  | Islam → Sunni Islam → Malikism
Sonsorolese | Austronesian → Micronesian → Sonsorolese | Palau (Sonsorol)  |  | Christianity
Soqotris | Afroasiatic → Eastern South Semitic → Soqotri | Yemen (Socotra)  |  | Islam
Sotho | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Sotho | South Africa (Free State), Lesotho |  | Christianity
South Carolina Turks[65] | Indo-European → Germanic → English | United States (Dalzell, Sumter County, South Carolina)  |  | Islam
South Sea Islanders | Indo-European → Germanic → English → Australian English | Australia (Queensland)  |  | Christianity[66]
Soyots | Turkic → Siberian Turkic → Taiga Sayan Turkic → Soyot | Russia (Okinsky District)  |  | Shamanism
Squamish | Salishan → Coast Salish → Squamish | Canada (British Columbia (North Vancouver (Squamish Nation)))  | Senakw, X̱wáýx̱way, X̱wemelch'stn, Stawamus | Irreligion, Christianity
Sri Lanka Kaffirs | Indo-European → Romance → Portuguese Creole → Sri Lankan Portuguese Creole | Sri Lanka (Puttalam, Trincomalee, Batticaloa, Negombo)  |  | Christianity → Catholicism; Buddhism → Theravada Buddhism
Sri Lanka Malays | Austronesian → Malay creoles → Sri Lankan Malay | Sri Lanka  |  | Islam → Sunnism
Sri Lankan Moors | Dravidian → Tamiloid → Tamil → Sri Lankan Muslim Tamil | Sri Lanka  |  | Islam → Sunnism
Sri Lankan Chetties | Dravidian → Tamiloid → Tamil; Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Sinhala | Sri Lanka  |  | Christianity → Catholicism, Christianity → Protestantism → Anglicanism, Christianity → Protestantism → Calvinism
Subanons | Austronesian → Philippine → Subanon[note 2] | Philippines (Zamboanga Peninsula)  | Kolibugan, Lapuyan  | Christianity, Islam, Animism
Sui | Kra–Dai → Kam–Sui → Sui | China (Sandu Shui Autonomous County)  |  | Animism
Sukuma | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Sukuma | Tanzania |  | Christianity → Catholicism
Sulanese | Austronesian → Central Maluku → Sula | Indonesia (Sula Islands Regency)  | Fagudu, Falahu, Fatcei, Mangon  | Islam → Sunnism; Animism
Sumba | Austronesian → Sumba–Flores → Sumba[note 2] | Indonesia (Sumba)  | Anakalangu, East Sumbanese, Kodi, Lamboya, West Sumbanese, Mamboru, Wanukaka | Christianity → Protestantism
Sumbawa | Austronesian → Sumbawa | Indonesia (Sumbawa)  |  | Islam
Sundanese | Austronesian → Malayo-Polynesian → Sundanese | Indonesia (Java)  | Bantenese, Baduy, Ciptagelar | Islam → Sunnism
Surma | Nilo-Saharan → Surmic[note 2] | Ethiopia, South Sudan | Me'en, Mursi, Kichepo | Traditional African religions
Susu | Niger–Congo → Mande → Susu | Guinea, Sierra Leone (Kambia)  |  | Islam
Swahili | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Swahili | Swahili coast (Kenya, Tanzania, Mozambique, Comoros)  |  | Islam
Swazi | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Swazi | South Africa (Mpumalanga), Eswatini |  | Christianity → African Zionism
Sylhetis | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Sylheti | Bangladesh (Sylhet Division), India (Barak Valley)  |  | Islam → Sunni Islam
Syriacs | Afroasiatic → Semitic → Neo-Aramaic[note 2][note 68] | Syria (Qalamoun Mountains)  | Arameans (includes Israeli Arameans), Chaldean Catholics from Nineveh and Bohtan, Citadel Christians | Christianity → Eastern Christianity → Syriac Christianity
Tabaru | West Papuan → North Halmahera → Tabaru | Indonesia (Jailolo)  |  | Animism
Tabasaran | Northeast Caucasian → Lezgic → Tabasaran | Russia (Dagestan (Tabasaransky District))  |  | Islam → Sunni Islam
Tagalogs | Austronesian → Philippine → Tagalog | Philippines  |  | Christianity → Catholicism
Tagish | Na-Dene → Athabaskan → Tagish | Canada (Yukon)  |  | Christianity, Animism[67]
Tahitians | Austronesian → Polynesian → Tahitian[note 69] | France (Tahiti)  |  | Christianity
Tahltan | Na-Dene → Athabaskan → Tahltan | Canada (Northern British Columbia)  |  | Christianity, Animism[68]
Taidnapam | Historically Plateau Penutian → Sahaptian → Northwest Sahaptin → Upper Cowlitz; Chinookan, Wakashan, and Indo-European → Lower Chinook, Nootka Jargon, Germanic, and Italic → Chinook Jargon | United States (Yakama Indian Reservation)  | Upper Cowlitz, Lewis River Cowlitz | Native American religion[69]
Taino | Arawakan → Taino | Greater Antilles |  | Native American religion
Tajiks | Indo-European → Iranic → Tajik; Francosign → Austro-Hungarian Sign → Russian Sign → Tajik Sign  | Central Asia | Kharduri, Chagatai, with significant populations in Uzbekistan, Pakistan | Islam → Sunni Islam
Takuu | Austronesian → Polynesian → Takuu | Papua New Guinea (Takuu)  |  | Christianity
Tallensi | Atlantic–Congo → Gur → Talni | Ghana (Tallensi Traditional Area), Burkina Faso |  | Tallensi religion
Talysh | Indo-European → Iranic → Talysh | Azerbaijan, Iran |  | Islam → Shia Islam
Tama | Nilo-Saharan → Taman → Tama | Chad, Sudan  |  | Islam
Tamangs | Sino-Tibetan → Tibeto-Kanauri → Tamang | Nepal, India (Sikkim)  | Waiba, Lopchan, Thokar, Lama  | Hinduism, Buddhism
Tamils | Dravidian → Tamiloid → Tamil; Austronesian → Malay Creole → Malay Chetty | India (Tamil Nadu), Sri Lanka (Northern and Eastern Provinces)  | Indian Tamils (including Indian Tamils of Sri Lanka),[note 70] Sri Lankan Tamils (including Negombo Tamils),[note 70] Chitty, Giraavaru, Ambattar, along with significant populations in Malaysia, South Africa, the United States, Singapore, Canada, the United Kingdom, and France (including Malbars)  | Hinduism, Islam, Christianity, Jainism
Tampuans | Austroasiatic → Bahnaric → Tampuan | Cambodia (Ratanakiri)  |  | Animism
Tanana Athabaskans | Na-Dene → Athabaskan → Upper Tanana, Na-Dene → Athabaskan → Lower Tanana, Na-Dene → Athabaskan → Tanacross | United States (Interior Alaska), Canada (Western Yukon)  | Lower Tanana, Middle Tanana, Tanacross, Upper Tanana | Christianity, Shamanism[70]
Tao | Austronesian → Batanic → Tao | Taiwan (Orchid Island)  |  | Christianity, Anitism
Taos | Tanoan → Tiwa → Taos | United States (Taos Pueblo)  |  | Native American religion, Native American Church, Christianity
Tapayuna | Macro-Jê → Jê → Tapayuna | Brazil (Mato Grosso)  |  | Ethnoreligion
Tarahumara | Uto-Aztecan → Tarahumaran → Tarahumara | Mexico (Chihuahua)  |  | Animism, Peyotism, Christianity → Catholicism
Tarok | Niger–Congo → Plateau → Tarok | Nigeria (Plateau State)  |  | Christianity
Tashons | Sino–Tibetan → Kuki-Chin–Naga → Tashon | Myanmar (Chin State (Falam Township))  | Falam | Christianity
Tausūg | Austronesian → Bisayan → Tausug | Philippines (Sulu Archipelago)  |  | Islam → Sunni Islam
Tboli | Austronesian → Philippine → Tboli | Philippines (South Cotabato)  |  | Anitism
Tebers | Turkic → Oghuz → Turkish → Teberce | Turkey, Syria, Balkans |  | Islam → Alevism
Tehuelche | Chonan → Tehuelche, Araucanian → Mapudungun, Indo-European → Romance → Spanish | Argentina (eastern Patagonia)  |  | Animism, Christianity
Teke | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Teke | Republic of the Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo |  | Traditional African religions[71]
Telengits | Turkic → Kipchak → Southern Altai → Telengit | Russia (Altai Republic)  |  | Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy, Shamanism, Burkhanism
Teleuts | Turkic → Kipchak → Southern Altai → Teleut | Russia (Kemerovo Oblast)  |  | Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy → Russian Orthodoxy, Shamanism
Telugus | Dravidian → South-Central Dravidian → Telugu | India (Andhra Pradesh, Telangana)  | Reddy, Velama, Kapu, Raju, Madiga, Mala, Kaikalas, Adi Andhra, Adi Jambava, Vatuka (including Kamma, Balijas (including Kavarais), Gollas), Mumbai Telugus, Sri Lankan Telugus | Hinduism, Islam, Christianity
Temne | Niger–Congo → Mel → Temne | Sierra Leone (Northern Sierra Leone)  |  | Islam
Tepehuán | Uto-Aztecan → Piman → Tepehuán | Mexico (Durango, Chihuahua, Sinaloa, Jalisco, Zacatecas, Nayarit)  |  | Tepehuán Mythology, Shamanism, Animism, Peyotism, Christianity → Catholicism
Terena | Arawakan → Terena; Brazilian Sign language; Terena Sign language | Brazil (Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul)  |  | Shamanism
Ternate | West Papuan → North Halmahera → Ternate | Indonesia (Ternate)  | Tubo, Tobona, Tabanga, Toboleu, Ibu, Jailolo, Ternate-Portuguese  | Islam → Sunni Islam, Animism
Tewa | Tanoan → Tewa | United States (New Mexico)  |  | Christianity, Pueblo religion
Thais | Kra–Dai → Tai → Central Thai, Southern Thai, Northern Thai | Thailand  | Southern Thai, Khorat, Lanna, with signifiant populations in the United States | Buddhism → Theravada Buddhism
Tharus | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Tharu | Terai (Nepal, India)  | Kathariya, Danuwar, Lampucchwa, Kochila, Sonha, Dangaura, Rana | Hinduism, Buddhism
Tibetans | Sino-Tibetan → Tibeto-Kanauri → Tibetic,[note 2] Sino-Tibetan → Tibeto-Kanauri → Tshangla → Pemako Tshangla, Tibetan Sign | China (Tibet), Nepal, Bhutan | Amdolese (including Golok and Tebbu), Khams, U-Tsang (including Ngari and Walung), Pemakopas, Changpa, Baima, Kachee | Buddhism → Tibetan Buddhism, Bon
Ticuna | Ticuna–Yuri → Ticuna | Brazil (Amazonas)  |  | Shamanism
Tidore | West Papuan → North Halmahera → Tidore | Indonesia (Tidore)  |  | Islam
Tigrayans | Afroasiatic → Ethiopic → Tigrinya | Eritrea (Eritrean Highlands), Ethiopia (Tigrayia)  |  | Christianity → Oriental Orthodoxy → Ethiopian Orthodoxy
Tigre | Afroasiatic → Ethiopic → Tigre | Eritrea |  | Islam
Tikopia | Austronesian → Polynesian → Tikopia | Solomon Islands (Tikopia)  |  | Christianity
Tiv | Niger–Congo → Tiv | Nigeria (Benue State)  |  | Christianity
Tiwa | Sino-Tibetan → Sal → Tiwa[note 4] | India (Assam, Meghalaya)  |  | Hinduism
Tiwi | Tiwi | Australia (Tiwi Islands)  |  | Alcheringa
Tlapanec | Oto-Manguean → Tlapanec | Mexico (Guerrero)  |  | Christianity → Catholicism
Tlicho | Na-Dene → Athabaskan → Tlicho | Canada (Northwest Territories)  |  | Christianity, Animism
Tlingit | Na-Dene → Tlingit | Canada (British Columbia, Yukon Territory), United States (Alaska, Washington)  |  | Alaska Native religion
Tobati | Austronesian → North New Guinea → Tobati | Indonesia (Jayapura)  |  | Christianity, Islam
Tobelo | West Papuan → North Halmahera → Tobelo | Indonesia (North Halmahera)  | Dodinga, Boeng, Kao, Maba | Christianity → Protestantism, Animism, Islam → Sunni Islam
Tobians | Austronesian → Micronesian → Tobian | Palau (Hatohobei)  |  | Christianity
Tofalars | Turkic → Siberian Turkic → Tofa | Russia (Tofalariya)  |  | Christianity
Togutils | West Papuan → North Halmahera → Togutil | Indonesia (North Halmahera (Aketajawe-Lolobata National Park))  | Totodoku, Tukur-Tukur, Lolobata, Kobekulo, Buli  | Animism, Christianity, Islam
Tokelauans | Austronesian → Polynesian → Tokelauan | Tokelau |  | Christianity → Congregationalism
Tonga | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Tonga | Zambia, Zimbabwe |  | Traditional African Religion
Tongans | Austronesian → Polynesian → Tongan | Tonga | Tongan Hawaiians | Christianity
Tooro | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Tooro | Uganda (Tooro Kingdom)  | Abagweri, Abasingo, Abahinda, Ababiito, Abasumbi, Abayaga, Ababwiju, Abasiita, Abasambo, Ababoopi, Ababwooro, Abagaya, Abalebeki, Abango, Abagimu, Abarungu, Abanyakyoozi, Abasoigi[72] | Christianity, Ruhanga
Toraja | Austronesian → South Sulawesi → Toraja | Indonesia (Tana Toraja)  |  | Christianity → Protestantism
Torres Strait Islanders | Pama-Nyungan → Kalaw Lagaw Ya, Eastern Trans-Fly → Meriam, Indo-European → Germanic → English → Torres Strait Creole | Australia (Torres Strait Islands)  |  | Christianity
Totonac | Totonac[note 2] | Mexico (Veracruz, Puebla, Hidalgo)  |  | Christianity, Native American religion
Toubou | Nilo-Saharan → Saharan → Tebu[note 2] | Toubouland (Chad, Niger, Sudan, Libya)  | Daza, Teda | Islam → Sunni Islam
Toucouleur | Atlantic–Congo → Senegambian → Pulaar | Senegal (Futa Tooro)  |  | Islam
Trawara | Indo-European → Dardic → Mankiyali | Pakistan (Danna, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa)  |  | Islam[73]
Tripuri | Sino-Tibetan → Sal → Kokborok | India (Tripura)  | Jamatia, Murasing | Hinduism
Trumai | Trumai | Brazil (Mato Grosso)  |  | Animism
Tsakhurs | Northeast Caucasian → Lezgic → Tsakhur | Russia (Rutulsky District), Azerbaijan (Zagatala and Qakh districts)  |  | Islam → Sunni Islam[74]
Tsez | Northeast Caucasian → Tsezic → Tsez | Russia (Tsuntinsky District)  |  | Islam → Sunni Islam
Tsimané | Macro-Panoan → Moseten–Chonan → Tsimané | Bolivia (Beni)  | Mosetén  | Traditional tribal religion[75]
Tsimshian | Tsimshianic → Maritime Tsimshianic[note 2] | Canada (British Columbia), United States (Alaska)  | Kitasoo, Gitga'ata, Kitkatla, Kitsumkalum, Kitselas, Ginadoiks, Ginaxangiik, Gispaxlo'ots, Gitando, Gitlaan, Gits'iis, Gitwilgyoots, Gitzaxłaał, Giluts'aaw | Alaskan Native religion
Tsonga | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Tsonga | Mozambique (Maputo City and Maputo Province, Gaza Province), South Africa (Limpopo, Mpumalanga)  |  | Christianity → Catholicism
Tsuut'ina | Na-Dene → Athabaskan → Tsuut'ina | Canada (Alberta)  |  | Christianity, Native American religion
Tswana | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Tswana | Botswana, South Africa (South Tswanaland)  | Balete, Mangwato, Bangwaketse, Bakwena, Batlokwa, Bahurutshe, Bakgatla, Rolong | Christianity
Tuamotuans | Austronesian → Polynesian → Tuamotuan | France (Tuamotus)  |  | Christianity
Tujia | Sino-Tibetan → Tujia[note 2][note 71] | China (Wuling Mountains)  |  | Nuo folk religion
Tuluvas | Tulu | India (Karnataka)  |  | Hinduism
Tumbuka | Niger-Congo → Bantu → Tumbuka | Malawi, Zambia, Tanzania, Zimbabwe | Senga, Henga, Yombe, Phoka, Tonga | Christianity, Tumbuka mythology
Tunica-Biloxi | Indo-European → Germanic → English; Indo-European → Romance → French;[76] Tunica language; historically Siouan → Ohio Valley Siouan → Biloxi | United States (Tunica-Biloxi Indian Reservation)  | Biloxi, Tunica | Christianity → Protestantism, Catholicism; Native American religion[77]
Tupuri | Niger–Congo → Adamawa → Tupuri | Cameroon (Far North Region), Chad (Mayo-Kebbi)  |  | Christianity
Turkana | Nilo-Saharan → Nilotic → Turkana | Kenya (Turkanaland)  |  | Christianity → Catholicism
Turkmens | Turkic → Oghuz → Turkmen, South Azerbaijani, Afshar | Turkmenistan, Iran (Turkmen Sahra), Afghanistan  | Teke, Yomut, Bayandur, Afshar, Ersari, Chowdur, Saryk, Bayats, Kayıs, Iranian Turkmens, Afghan Turkmens, with significant populations in Pakistan, Russia, the United Kingdom | Islam → Sunni Islam
Turks | Turkic → Oghuz → Turkish, Rumelian Turkish; Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Balkan Romani → Rumelian Romani; Turkish Sign | West Asia, the Caucasus, Eastern Europe, and Southeast Europe | Turkish Turks (includes the Baraks, Manavs, Elbegli, Tahtacı, and other Anatolian Turkoman tribes), Turkish Cypriots (including Mainland Turks), Meskhetian Turks, Iraqi Turkmen, Syrian Turkmen, Lebanese Turkmen, Jordanian Turkmen, Rumelian Turks (including Kosovoan Turks, Dodecanese Turks, Western Thracian Turks, Bulgarian Turks (including in Turkey), Dobrujan Turks, Macedonian Turks, Bosnian Turks, Croatia, Serbian Turks, Montenegrin Turks), Yörüks, Amuca, Turkish Roma, along with significant populations in Germany, France, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Austria, Belgium, Sweden, the United States, Egypt, Qatar, Israel, and Palestine | Islam → Sunni Islam, Alevism
Tuscarora | Iroquoian → Northern Iroquoian → Tuscarora | Canada (Ontario), United States (New York, North Carolina)  |  | Longhouse Religion, Christianity[78]
Tutchones | Na-Dene → Athabaskan → Tutchone[note 2] | Canada (Yukon Territory)  | Northern Tutchones, Southern Tutchones | Native American religion
Tutsi | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Great Lakes → Rwanda-Rundi[note 34] | Rwanda, Burundi, Democratic Republic of the Congo (Kivu)  | Banyamulenge | Christianity, Islam
Tuvaluans | Austronesian → Polynesian → Tuvaluan | Tuvalu |  | Christianity
Tuvans | Turkic → Siberian Turkic → Steppe Sayan Turkic → Tuvan; Turkic → Siberian Turkic → Taiga Sayan Turkic → Tozhu Tuvan, Tere-Khöl Tuvan  | Russia (Tuva), Mongolia (Khovsgol Province)  | Tozhu Tuvans | Buddhism → Tibetan Buddhism
Udeges | Tungusic → Udegheic → Udege | Russia (Khabarovsk Krai, Primorsky Krai)  |  | Shamanism
Udis | Northeast Caucasian → Lezgic → Udi | The Caucasus, Russia, Ukraine |  | Christianity → Oriental Orthodoxy
Ulchi | Tungusic → Southern Tungusic → Ulch | Russia (Ulchsky District)  |  | Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy → Russian Orthodoxy, Shamanism
Umatilla | Plateau Penutian → Sahaptian → Umatilla | United States (Oregon)  |  | Native American religion
Upper Kuskokwim | Na-Dene → Athabaskan → Upper Kuskokwim | United States (Interior Alaska)  |  | Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy → Russian Orthodoxy
Urak Lawoi | Austronesian → Malayic → Urak Lawoi | Thailand (Phuket)  |  | Buddhism → Theravada Buddhism
Urhobos | Niger–Congo → Edoid → Urhobo | Nigeria (Delta State)  |  | Christianity
Ute | Uto-Aztecan → Numic → Colorado River Numic → Ute | United States (Colorado, Utah)  |  | Native American Church, Christianity
Uyghurs | Turkic → Karluk → Uyghur | China (East Turkestan), Central Asia | Kashgartsy, Chantuu, Lops, with significant populations in Kazakhstan, Pakistan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkey, the United States | Islam → Sunni Islam
Uzbeks | Turkic → Karluk → Uzbek[note 2] | Uzbekistan, Afghanistan  | Ming, Yuzi, Kyrk, Karategin Uzbeks, Significant populations in Russia, Pakistan, Canada, the United States, and Turkey | Islam → Sunni Islam
Van Baoria | Indo-European → Rajasthani → Shekhawati | India (Rajasthan)  | Vad Gujar, Param Veldo, Meowoti, Chandia, Gelot  | Hinduism
Vedda | Indo-European → Sinhala-based creole → Vedda | Sri Lanka  | Coast Veddas, Anuradhapura Veddas, Bintenne Veddas  | Animism
Venda | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Tshivenda | South Africa (Vendaland)  |  | Christianity, Traditional African religions
Viets/Kinh | Austroasiatic → Vietic → Vietnamese; Vietnamese sign languages[note 2] | Vietnam | Muong, Gin, Phen, Chứt, Thổ, Nung, Giay, along with significant populations in the United States, Cambodia, France, Australia, Canada, Taiwan, Japan, Korea, Germany, Hong Kong, and Laos | Buddhism → Mahayana; Vietnamese folk religion; Caodaism; Hoa Hao
Visayans | Austronesian → Philippine → Bisayan[note 2] | Philippines (Visayas)  | Aklanon, Butuanon, Cebuano (including Boholano and Eskaya), Caluyanon, Capiznon, Cuyunon, Hiligaynon, Karay-a, Masbatenos, Negrenses, Porohanon, Romblomanon (including Bantoanons), Waray | Christianity → Catholicism
Wa | Austroasiatic → Palaungic → Wa | Myanmar (Wa State)  |  | Buddhism, Animism
Wakhi | Indo-European → Iranic → Wakhi | Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Pakistan, China  |  | Islam → Shia Islam → Isma'ilism → Nizari Isma'ilism
Walla Walla | Plateau Penutian → Sahaptin → Walla Walla  | United States (Oregon, Washington)  |  | Waashat Religion
Wallisians | Austronesian → Polynesian → Wallisian | France (Wallis and Futuna)  |  | Christianity
Wampanoag | Algic → Algonquian → Wampanoag | United States (Massachusetts)  | Mashpee Wampanoag Tribe, Wampanoag Tribe of Gay Head (Aquinnah) | Native American religion, Christianity
Warlpiris | Pama–Nyungan → Ngumpin–Yapa → Warlpiri, Indo-European and Pama–Nyungan → Warlpiri and Australian Kriol → Light Warlpiri | Australia (Northern Territory)  |  | Dreamtime
Waropen | Austronesian → South Halmahera–West New Guinea → Waropen | Indonesia (Waropen Regency)  |  | Christianity
Washoe | Washo[note 72] | United States (California, Nevada)  |  | Native American religion
Wassamasaw | Indo-European → Germanic → English → American English | United States (Berkeley County, South Carolina)  |  | Christianity → Protestantism → Baptism[79]
Waxiang | Sino-Tibetan → Sinitic → Waxiang Chinese | China (Hunan)  |  | Chinese folk religion
Wayuu | Arawakan → Wayuunaiki | Colombia (La Guajira), Venezuela |  | Ethnic religion, Christianity → Catholicism
Welayta | Afroasiatic → Omotic → Wolaitta | Ethiopia (Wolayitia)  |  | Christianity → Protestantism → P'ent'ay
Wichita | Caddoan → Wichita[note 8] | United States (Oklahoma; formerly Kansas, Texas)  |  | Native American Church, Christianity, Native American religion
Wiradjuri | Pama-Nyungan → Wiradhuric → Wiradjuri | Australia (New South Wales)  |  | Dreamtime
Wolane | Afroasiatic → Ethiopic → Wolane | Ethiopia (Gurage)  |  | Islam[80]
Wolof | Niger–Congo → Atlantic → Senegambian → Wolof | Senegambia (Senegal, The Gambia)  | Lebu | Islam → Sunni Islam → Sufism → Mouride
Worrorra | Worrorran → Worrrorra | Australia (Western Australia)  |  | Dreamtime
Wunambal | Worrorran → Wunambal | Australia (Western Australia)  |  | Dreamtime
Wuikinuxv | Wakashan → Northern Wakashan → Heiltsuk–Oowekyala → Oowekyala | Canada (British Columbia)  |  | Native American religion
Xavante | Macro-Je → Je → Xavante | Brazil (Mato Grosso)  |  | Shamanism
Xerente | Macro-Je → Je → Xerente | Brazil (Tocantins)  |  | Christianity and traditional folk religion → Folk Catholicism[81]
Xhosa | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Nguni → Xhosa | South Africa (Xhosaland)  |  | Christianity
Xinca | Xincan[note 2] | Guatemala |  | Christianity → Catholicism; Native American religion
Xokleng | Macro-Je → Je → Xokleng | Brazil (Santa Catarina)  |  | Shamanism[82]
Yaghnobis | Indo-European → Iranic → Yaghnobi, Tajik | Tajikistan (Sughd Region)  |  | Islam → Sunni Islam
Yahgan | Yahgan, Indo-European → Romance → Spanish | Tierra del Fuego (Argentina, Chile)  |  | Christianity → Protestantism
Yakan | Austronesian → Barito → Yakan | Philippines (Basilan)  |  | Islam → Sunni Islam
Yako | Niger–Congo → Cross River → Yako | Nigeria (Yakurr Local Government)  |  | Christianity
Yakuts | Turkic → Siberian → Yakut | Russia (Yakutia)  |  | Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy
Yali | Trans-New Guinea → Yali | Indonesia (Baliem Valley)  |  | Christianity, Animism
Yanomami | Yanomaman | Southeastern Venezuela, and northern Brazil  |  | Shamanism
Yao | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Yao | Malawi, Mozambique, Tanzania (Ruvuma and Mtwara Regions)  |  | Islam and Animism → Yao Folk Islam
Yapese | Austronesian → Oceanic → Yapese | Federated States of Micronesia (Yap)  |  | Christianity
Yaqui | Uto-Aztecan → Cahitan → Yaqui | Mexico (Sonora), United States (Arizona)  |  | Peyotism, Christianity → Catholicism
Yellowknives | Na-Dene → Athabaskan → Chipewyan | Canada (Northwest Territories)  |  | Christianity
Yerukala | Dravidian → South Dravidian I → Yerukala | India (Andhra Pradesh, Telangana)  |  | Hinduism[83]
Yi | Sino-Tibetan → Loloish[note 2] | China (Yunnan, Sichuan, Guizhou, Guangxi)[note 3] | Phu La, Azha, Nasu | Bimoism
Yoa-Lokpa | Niger–Congo → Gur → Oti–Volta → Yom, Niger–Congo → Gur → Gurunsi → Lukpa | Benin (Donga Department)  |  | Ethnic religion[84]
Yolngu | Pama-Nyungan → Yolngu[note 2] | Australia (Miwatj)  | Dhuwa (Rirratjingu, Galpu, Djambarrpuyngu, Golumala, Marrakulu, Marrangu, Djapu, Datiwuy, Ngaymil, Djarrwark), Yirritja (Gumatj, Gupapuyngu, Wangurri, Ritharrngu, Mangalili, Munyuku, Madarrpa, Warramiri, Dhalwangu, Liyalanmirri)  | Alcheringa
Yoruba | Atlantic–Congo → Yoruboid → Yoruba; Yoruba Sign | Yorubaland (Nigeria, Benin, Togo)  | Ijesha, Egba, Yewa, Igbomina, Awori, Akoko, Okun, Ana, Ekiti, Ilaje, Ijebu, Oyo, Ondo, Ife, Nagos, with significant populations in the United States and Canada | Islam, Christianity, Yoruba religion
Yuchi | Yuchi language | United States (Tennessee, Alabama, Georgia, South Carolina)[note 9] |  | Christianity → Protestantism → Methodism; Stomp Dance; Native American Church[85]
Yugambeh | Pama-Nyungan → Bandjalangic → Yugambeh | Australia (Queensland)  |  | Alcheringa
Yugoslavs | Indo-European → Slavic → Serbo-Croatian,[note 2][note 73] Macedonian, Slovene; Francosign → Austro-Hungarian Sign → Yugoslav Sign, Croatian Sign | Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Slovenia, North Macedonia, Croatia | Significant populations in Serbia, Canada, and the United States | Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy, Catholicism; Islam → Sunni Islam
Yugurs | Turkic → Siberian Turkic → Western Yugur; Mongolic → Eastern Yugur | China (Gansu)  |  | Buddhism → Tibetan Buddhism, Tengrism
Yukaghir | Yukaghir languages[note 2] | Russia (Yakutia)  |  | Shamanism
Yup'ik | Eskaleut → Eskimo → Yup'ik | United States (Alaska)  | Nunivak Cupʼig, Chevak Cupʼik | Christianity, Shamanism
Zaghawa | Nilo-Saharan → Saharan → Zaghawa | Chad, Sudan  |  | Islam → Sunni Islam
Zamboanguenos | Indo-European → Romance → Spanish → Chavacano | Philippines (Zamboanga City)  |  | Christianity → Catholicism
Zande[note 74][86] | Niger–Congo → Zande | Democratic Republic of the Congo, Central African Republic, South Sudan | Barambu | Christianity
Zapotecs | Oto-Manguean → Zapotec[note 2] | Mexico (Oaxaca)  | Ixtlan | Christianity → Catholicism
Zhuang | Kra–Dai → Tai → Zhuang[note 2][note 75] | China (Zhuangia)  |  | Moism
Zomi | Sino-Tibetan → Tibeto-Burman → Kuki-Chin–Naga,[note 2][note 56] Sino-Tibetan → Mruic[note 2] | Zogam (Myanmar, Bangladesh, India)  | Tedim, Thadou, Paite, Zou, Kom, Koireng, Mizo (including Khiangte, Hmar (including Saihriem and Zote), Renthlei, Chawngthu, Miu-Khumi, and Ralte), Aimol, Sukte, Bawm, Lai, Biate, Chin (including Asho, Mro-Khimi, Mru (including Anok, Tshungma, Domrong, Dopteng, and Rumma), Anu, Chho, Cumtu Chin, and Hkongso (including Kasang, Htey, Kamu, Ngan, Gwa, Hteikloeh, Ngai, Rahnam, Kapu, Kasah, Namte, Krawktu, and Namluek)), Kuki (including Vaiphei, Khelma, Halam (including Korbong), Mate, and Simte) Gangte, and Bnei Menashe | Christianity
Zonians | Indo-European → Germanic → English → American English | Panama (Panama Canal Zone)  |  | Christianity
Zoque | Mixe–Zoque → Zoque[note 2] | Mexico (Chiapas, Oaxaca, Veracruz, Tabasco)  |  | Christianity → Catholicism
Zoró | Tupian → Monde → Gavião of Jiparaná → Zoró  | Brazil (Mato Grosso)  |  | Christianity
Zulu | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Nguni → Zulu | South Africa (KwaZulu-Natal)  | Northern Ndebele | Christianity
Zuni | Zuni language | United States (New Mexico)  |  | Christianity
ꞋAreꞌare | Austronesian → Southeast Solomonic → ꞋAreꞌare | Solomon Islands (Malaita)  |  | Christianity
ǃKung | Kxʼa → ǃKung[note 2] | Namibia (Kalahari Desert)  | ǃXun, Ju  | Animism

## Lists of ethnic groups

[edit]

by status:

* List of Indigenous peoples
* List of diasporas
* List of stateless nations

regional lists:

* African people
* Indigenous people of Africa
* Ethnic groups in Algeria
* Ethnic groups in Botswana
* Ethnic groups in Burundi
* Ethnic groups in Chad
* List of ethno-linguistic groups in Eritrea
* List of ethnic groups in Ethiopia
* List of ethnic groups in Nigeria
* List of ethnic groups in Rivers State
* Ethnic groups in Rwanda
* List of ethnic groups in Tanzania
* Ethnic groups in Senegal
* Ethnic groups in Sierra Leone
* List of ethnic groups in South Sudan
* List of ethnic groups in Zambia
* Asian people
* Ethnic groups in Northern Asia
* List of ethnic groups in Russia
* List of ethnic groups in East Asia
* List of ethnic groups in China
* List of ethnic groups in Japan
* List of ethnic groups in North Korea
* List of ethnic groups in South Korea
* List of ethnic groups in Taiwan
* List of indigenous peoples of Taiwan
* South Asian ethnic groups
* Ethnic groups in Nepal
* Ethnic groups in Pakistan
* Demographics of Sindh
* Ethnic groups in Southeast Asia
* Ethnic groups in Indonesia
* List of ethnic groups in Laos
* Ethnic groups in Malaysia
* List of ethnic groups in Myanmar
* Ethnic groups in the Philippines
* List of ethnic groups in Vietnam
* Ethnic groups in the Middle East
* European people
* Ethnic groups in Bosnia and Herzegovina
* Peoples of the Caucasus
* Indigenous peoples of the Americas
* Classification of indigenous peoples of the Americas
* Oceanian people
* List of Indigenous Australian group names
* List of Melanesian ethnic groups
* List of New Guinean ethnic groups
* List of Micronesian ethnic groups
* List of Polynesian ethnic groups
* Ethnoreligious group
* Ethnic groups by country

## See also

[edit]

* List of languages by number of native speakers
* List of language families
* Lists of people by nationality
* Lists of active separatist movements
* Uncontacted peoples
* Ethnic flag
* Race (human categorization)
* List of Y-chromosome haplogroups in populations of the world

## Notes

[edit]

1. ^ Following the Caucasian War, the majority of Circassians and Abkhazians were deported to Turkey.
2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da db dc dd de df dg dh di dj dk dl dm dn do dp dq dr ds dt du dv dw dx dy dz ea eb ec ed ee ef eg eh ei ej ek el em en eo ep eq er es et eu ev ew Language family; with some exceptions, all speakers of the various languages within this family are typically seen as one singular ethnicity.
3. ^ a b c d e Non-contiguous homeland. Throughout most of its history (if not its entire history), this ethnic group has lived in separate, isolated communities scattered throughout the countries/subdivisions listed.
4. ^ a b c Assamese ethnic group; the vast majority only speak Assamese.
5. ^ Although Akan is the principal language of the Akan people, the Akan language has only recently been standardized. The majority of Akan people still speak their local dialects, which are usually considered by linguists to be separate languages altogether.
6. ^ Due to historical migrations, about half of the Akan population reside in Ivory Coast.
7. ^ Some time around 1860s, many Akha have been migrating to Myanmar, Laos, and Thailand. Today, the majority reside outside of China.
8. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Due to the a long history of forced assimilation by the American government, the vast majority only speak English.
9. ^ a b c d e f Following the passage of the Indian Removal Act, the Cherokee, the Choctaw, the Chickasaw, and the Muscogee were all forced to relocate their entire population to Oklahoma.
10. ^ Due to the influence of assimilation into Acehnese culture, most Aneuk Jamee people use Acehnese as their everyday language.
11. ^ With the exception of Navajo, all Apachean speakers are seen as one ethnicity. However, due to a history of forced assimilation by the American government, the majority can only speak English.
12. ^ The Argobba have typically been a merchant community and usually trades with other ethnic groups; recently, these factors have resulted in the majority only speaking Amharic or Oromo.
13. ^ During the Armenian genocide that occurred in Western Armenia, many Armenians fled to Russia, France, and the United States. Today, the majority reside outside of Greater Armenia, and Western Armenia no longer has an openly Armenian population (the Hemshin largely avoid identifying themselves as being Armenian, while the vast majority of people that are openly Armenian in Turkey reside in Istanbul, which is not a part of Western Armenia).
14. ^ The Beti and the Fang form the Beti-Pahuin peoples. While the term Beti is sometimes used interchangeably to refer to the Beti-Pahuin people, the Beti ethnicity is specifically limited to Ewondo and Eton speakers.
15. ^ Due to their historical low status in India, the majority only speak Bengali.
16. ^ Otherwise known as Cayapas.
17. ^ Due to the Expulsion of the Chagossians, there are no Chagossians living on the Chagos Archipelago. The majority of Chagossians now live in the United Kingdom, Mauritius, and Seychelles.
18. ^ The last of the Chumashan languages went extinct in 1965 but revival efforts have been ongoing since 2010.
19. ^ The original Egyptian language, which morphed into the Coptic language around the 1st century AD, died out as a spoken language around the 17th century and is now only used for religious ceremonies. Today, the Egyptians, including the Copts, speak Egyptian Arabic.
20. ^ a b Due to the a long history of forced assimilation by the Canadian government, the vast majority can only either speak English.
21. ^ Due to their historical low status in India, the majority only speak Gujarati.
22. ^ Endonymically known as iTaukei.
23. ^ a b c d This ethnic group is largely a nomadic or semi-nomadic one and do not have a particular area to claim as a primary homeland; these countries are listed here due to having a significant population.
24. ^ The Gabrieleno language went extinct around 1900, but revival efforts have been ongoing since the 2000s. Most are fluent in English and/or Spanish
25. ^ Otherwise known as Cagayan.
26. ^ Like its speakers, the Garifuna language is the only remnant of the Island Carib language.
27. ^ Following the Second Carib War, the majority of the Garifuna were deported to Honduras, where they later spread to Guatemala, Belize, and Nicaragua. Since then, Honduras has seen high murder rates, causing many to flee to United States.
28. ^ Many of the Gelao dialects are mutually unintelligible; they are known to intermarry with other ethnic groups; recently, these factors have resulted in most of the populations speaking only Chinese.
29. ^ Although a Nakh people, they are heavily assimilated into Georgian society.
30. ^ Due to their historical low status in India, the majority only speak Hindi.
31. ^ Since Hawaii's annexation into the United States, English has almost completely supplanted Hawaiian.
32. ^ Otherwise known as Kupangese.
33. ^ Following the suppression of Miao Rebellion of 1854–1873, the majority of the Hmong fled further south to Guangxi, Yunnan, Vietnam, and Laos.
34. ^ a b Refers specifically to the Kinyarwanda and Kirundi dialects. The other speakers of the dialects within the Rwanda-Rundi continuum are considered to be separate from the Hutu, Tutsi, and Twa peoples.
35. ^ The ResearchGate mirror (archive) contains metadata about the presentation.
36. ^ Due to a lack of mutual intelligibility with other Japanese varieties, the Kagoshima/Satsugū[22][23][24] and Tsugaru[25][note 35] varieties are considered to be distinct languages from other Japanese varieties within a Japanesic language family by the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology within their Glottolog database.[26][27]
37. ^ The majority of the Japanese practiced a syncretised form of Shinto and Buddhism called Shinbutsu-shūgō.
38. ^ Despite the successful revival of the Hebrew language, many Jews continue to speak the various languages that have developed by the diaspora populations, including Yiddish, Ladino, and Judeo-Arabic. In addition, English serves as the lingua franca of Israel.
39. ^ Though many Jewish languages are not genetically related to each other, they are all known to be ethnolects developed by the Jewish diaspora.
40. ^ While Jews originate in the Land of Israel, they were primarily a diaspora ethnicity from the late antique period until 1948, with the Jewish identity being claimed mostly by descendants of those that left Israel following the First Jewish–Roman War. Despite some entire Jewish communities migrating back to Israel, Israeli Jews make up only 45% of the worldwide Jewish population.[31]
41. ^ The Wapan language have largely replaced Jukun Takum as the main language.
42. ^ The indigenous Kalinago language became extinct in the 1920s. However, an offshoot of it known as Garifuna is still spoken today.
43. ^ The Kaurna language went extinct in 1929 but revival efforts have been ongoing since the 1980s. Most Kaurna people now mainly speak English.
44. ^ a b Largest practiced religion; the majority/plurality of this group are actually non-religious.
45. ^ Due to both Turkification and the tendency among Georgia-residing Laz to see themselves as being a Georgian subgroup, the majority of Laz either speak Turkish or Georgian.
46. ^ The Lhoba speak a variety of Sino-Tibetan languages, all of which may or may not be mutually intelligible.
47. ^ Due to poor soil condition in Madura, the majority now live on Java.
48. ^ The majority of the Magars have recently switched to Nepali.
49. ^ Otherwise known as Keralites or Keralans.
50. ^ a b The majority of the Tungusic languages are endangered, and many Tungusic ethnic groups now mostly speak only Russian or Chinese depending on the location of their homeland.
51. ^ Although the Māori have been able to halt the extinction of their language, the majority still only speak English fluently.
52. ^ Due to gradual Hispanicization following the Occupation of Araucania, the majority of Mapuche can only speak Spanish.
53. ^ Most Maronites today speak Arabic since a language shift around the 17th century with Syriac in liturgical use, however some Maronites in Jish are reviving Aramaic.
54. ^ Tutelo went extinct in 1982, leading most Monacans, Saponi, and Occaneechi to speak English. There has been some interest in reviving Tutelo in the 21st century.[36]
55. ^ The Moriori language went extinct in 1898 but revival efforts have been ongoing since 2001.
56. ^ a b The Kuki-Chin–Naga language grouping (it is unclear whether the Kuki-Chin–Naga form an actual language family) consists of five to eight branches. Except for Karbi and Meitei, the Kuki-Chin–Naga is divided between the Chin and the Naga. The Mruic and most of the Kuki-Chin speakers are seen as Chin, while speakers of the remaining Kuki-Chin–Naga branches (Ao, Angami–Pochuri, Tangkhulic, and Zeme) and the speakers Northwestern Kuki-Chin are seen as Naga.
57. ^ a b c Due to a long history of forced assimilation by both American and Canadian governments, the vast majority can only speak English.
58. ^ Sometimes known as Ulita.
59. ^ Resettled in Hokkaido after 1945.
60. ^ Though many Tasmanian languages are not genetically related to each other, they are all known to be ethnolects developed by the Palawa.
61. ^ Though many Para-Romani languages are not genetically related to each other beyond having a Romani substrate, they are all known to be ethnolects developed by the Romani diaspora.
62. ^ All Ryukyuan speakers are seen as one ethnicity; however, due to a history of forced assimilation by the Japanese government, the majority can only speak Japanese.
63. ^ Also known as Japanese Gypsies.
64. ^ While they are commonly subsumed into one Siberian Tatar language, the Tobol-Irtysh dialects belong to Kipchak-Nogai while the Baraba and Tom dialects belong to Kipchak-Kyrgyz.
65. ^ The Siddi now speak the dominant language of their region.
66. ^ Due to a history of forced assimilation by the American government, the majority can only speak English.
67. ^ Due to the Sirenik language going extinct, Sirenik people have begun using the related Siberian Yupik language in its place.
68. ^ The Aramaic language morphed into the Neo-Aramaic languages around 1200 AD. Whether the majority of the Arameans are still speaking these languages is unclear, however.
69. ^ Due to France's long history of promoting the French language at the expense of others, the vast majority only speak French.
70. ^ a b The Sri Lankan Tamils and Indian Tamils of Sri Lanka are distinct subgroups. The former are descended from the Tamil community that has lived in Sri Lanka since at least the 2nd century BCE, while the latter are the descendants of 19th- and 20th-century immigrants from South India. Also, most of the Indian Tamil population lives in the country's central highland region, while the native Tamils typically live in the Northern and Eastern Provinces.
71. ^ Due to the widespread presence of Chinese, the majority of Tujia only have a passive knowledge of their language.
72. ^ Due to a history of forced assimilation by the American government, the majority can only speak English.
73. ^ Shtokavian, Chakavian, Kajkavian, Burgenland Croatian, and Slavomolisano are often considered separate languages depending on classification, but Serbian, Croatian, Bosnian, and Montenegrin are typically considered Shtokavian varieties rather than distinct languages due to high degrees of mutual intelligibility.
74. ^ Otherwise known as Azande.
75. ^ Though many Zhuang languages are not closely related to each other, they are all known to be ethnolects spoken among Zhuangs.

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Ethnicity

Concepts|

* Clan
* Ethnic group
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* Ethnonational group
* Ethnoreligious group
* Ethnographic realism
* Diaspora
* Immigration / Emigration
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* Indigenous peoples
* In-group and out-groups
* Meta-ethnicity
* Metroethnicity
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* Influence
* Monoethnicity
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* Population
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* Tribe

Ethnology|

* Anthropology
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* Clinical
* Critical
* Institutional
* Netnography
* Online
* Person-centered
* Salvage
* Transidioethnography
* Video
* Ethnohistory
* Ethnolinguistics
* Ethnology
* Ethnomathematics
* Ethnostatistics
* Ethnomedicine
* Ethnomethodology
* Ethnomuseology
* Ethnomusicology
* Ethnophilosophy
* Ethnopoetics
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* Ethnoscience
* Ethnosemiotics
* Ethnotaxonomy

Groups by region|

* World
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Identity and
ethnogenesis

* Cross-race effect
* Cultural assimilation
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* Demonym
* Development
* Endonym
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* Ethnic origin
* Ethnic religion
* Ethnicity in censuses
* Ethnofiction
* Ethnonym
* Folk religion
* Historical
* Imagined community
* Kinship
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* Mores
* Mythomoteur
* Nation-building
* Nation state
* National language
* National myth
* Origin myth
* Pantribal sodality
* Statistext
* Tribal name
* Tribalism
* Detribalization
* Neotribalism
* White ethnic

Multiethnic society|

* Consociationalism
* Cultural appropriation
* Diaspora politics
* Dominant minority
* Ethnic democracy
* Ethnic enclave
* Ethnic interest group
* Ethnic majority
* Ethnic media
* Ethnic nationalism
* Ethnic pornography
* Ethnic theme park
* Ethnoburb
* Ethnocracy
* Ethnographic film
* Ethnographic village
* Ethnopluralism
* Indigenous rights
* Middleman minority
* Minority rights
* Model minority
* Model minority myth
* Multinational state

Ideology and
ethnic conflict

* Allophilia
* Ethnic bioweapon
* Ethnic cleansing
* Ethnic hatred
* Ethnic joke
* Ethnic party
* Ethnic penalty
* Ethnic slurs
* Ethnic stereotype
* Ethnic violence
* Ethnic riots
* Ethnocentrism
* Ethnocide
* Ethnofuturism
* Ethnosymbolism
* Indigenism
* Indigenization
* Nativism
* Remigration
* Separatist movements
* Xenocentrism
* Xenophilia
* Xenophobia

Related|

* Minzu (anthropology)

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Indigenous peoples of the world by continent

Africa

Eurasia

North America

Oceania

South America

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Indigenous peoples by geographic regions
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