List of contemporary ethnic groups

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
Find sources: "List of contemporary ethnic groups" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (August 2022) (Learn how and when to remove this message)

|

The following is a list of contemporary ethnic groups. There has been constant debate over the classification of ethnic groups. Membership of an ethnic group tends to be associated with shared ancestry, history, homeland, language or dialect and cultural heritage; where the term "culture" specifically includes aspects such as religion, mythology and ritual, cuisine, dressing (clothing) style and other factors.

By the nature of the concept, ethnic groups tend to be divided into subgroups, may themselves be or not be identified as independent ethnic groups depending on the source consulted.

## Ethnic groups

[edit]

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.

See also: List of languages by number of native speakers

The following groups are commonly identified as "ethnic groups", as opposed to ethno-linguistic phyla, national groups, racial groups or similar.

* A
* B
* C
* D
* E
* F
* G
* H
* I
* J
* K
* L
* M
* N
* O
* P
* Q
* R
* S
* T
* U
* V
* W
* X
* Y
* Z

Ethnicity  | Language(s)  | Primary homeland  | Subgroups, tribes & castes  | Religion(s)

|
|
|
|

Abagusii | Atlantic–Congo → Bantu → Gusii | Kenya (Kisii County)  |  | Christianity, Traditional African religion
Abazins | Northwest Caucasian → Abazgi → Abaza | Russia (Abazinia)  | Significant populations in Turkey, Egypt, and Russia | Islam → Sunni Islam
Abelam | Sepik → Ndu → Abelam | Papua New Guinea (East Sepik)  |  | Christianity
Abenaki | Algic → Algonquian → Western Abenaki, formerly Algic → Algonquian → Eastern Abenaki | Canada (Quebec), United States (Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont)  |  | Abenaki religion
Abkhazians | Northwest Caucasian → Abazgi → Abkhaz | Georgia (Abkhazia)[note 1] | Sadz, Afro-Abkhazians | Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy → Abkhazian Orthodoxy, Islam → Sunni Islam
Acehnese | Austronesian → Chamic → Acehnese | Indonesia (Aceh)  | Significant populations in Australia, Canada, Denmark, Norway, Sweden, and the United States  | Islam → Sunni Islam
Achagua | Arawakan → Upper Amazon Arawakan → Achagua | Colombia (Meta), Venezuela |  | Traditional religion, Christianity → Catholicism
Acholi | Nilotic → Luo → Acholi | South Sudan, Uganda (Acholiland)  |  | Christianity
Adi Jambava |  | India (Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka)  |  | Hinduism
Adjoukrou | Niger–Congo → Kwa → Adjukru | Ivory Coast (Dabou)  |  | Christianity
Afar | Afro-Asiatic → Cushitic → Afar | Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia (Afaria)  |  | Islam
Afemai | Atlantic–Congo → Edoid → Afenmai | Nigeria (Edo State)  |  | Christianity
Afghan Tatars | Turkic → Kipchak → Tatar → Afghan Tatar; Indo-European → Iranian → Dari, Pashto; Turkic → Karluk → Uzbek; Turkic → Oghuz → Turkmen | Afghanistan (Afghan Turkestan)  |  | Islam → Sunni Islam → Hanafi
African-Americans | Indo-European → Germanic → English; Indo-European → French Creole → Louisiana Creole; Indo-European → English Creole → Gullah, Afro-Seminole Creole; Francosign → ASLic → American Sign → Black American Sign | United States, Mexico (Coahuila)  | Black Southerners, Creoles of color, Freedmen (including Black Seminoles (including Mascogos), Cherokee Freedmen, Choctaw Freedmen, Creek Freedmen), Gullah, Samaná Americans, Affrilachians, along with significant populations in France, Africa (including Ghana), Israel, and Canada | Christianity → Protestantism → Black church; Hoodoo; Islam
Afrikaners | Indo-European → Germanic → Dutch → Afrikaans | South Africa | Boers, Afrikaner-Jews | Christianity → Protestantism → Calvinism
Afro-Argentines | Indo-European → Romance → Spanish → Rioplatense Spanish | Argentina |  | Christianity → Catholicism
Afro-Bolivians | Indo-European → Romance → Spanish → Bolivian Spanish | Bolivia (Bolivian Yungas)  |  | Christianity → Catholicism
Afro-Brazilians | Indo-European → Romance → Portuguese, Indo-European → Romance → Cafundo | Brazil | Zambo | Christianity → Catholicism
Afro-Caribbean | Indo-European → Germanic → English → Caribbean English → English-based creoles | Anguila, Antigua and Barbuda, The Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Bermuda, British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Dominica, Grenada, Guyana, Jamaica, Montserrat, San Andres y Providencia, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Trinidad and Tobago, Turks and Caicos Islands and U.S. Virgin Islands | Afro-Antiguans and Barbudans, Afro-Bahamians, Afro-Barbadians, Afro-Bermudians, Afro-Dominicans, Afro-Grenadians, Afro-Guyanese, Afro-Jamaicans, Afro-Kittitians and Nevisians, Afro-Saint Lucians, Afro-Trinidadians and Tobagonians, Afro-Vincentians, Belizean Creole, Raizal | Christianity → Protestantism → Anglicanism, Methodism, Calvinism, Baptist; Catholicism
Afro-Colombians | Indo-European → Romance → Spanish → Colombian Spanish, Palenquero | Colombia | Palenquero | Christianity → Catholicism
Afro-Nicaraguans | Indo-European → Romance → Spanish → Nicaraguan Spanish, Miskito Coast Creole | Nicaragua |  | Christianity → Catholicism
Afro-Turks | Turkic → Oghuz → Turkish | Turkey |  | Islam
Afro-Virgin Islanders | Indo-European → English-based creoles → Virgin Islands Creole; formerly Indo-European → Zeelandic-based creoles → Negerhollands | Virgin Islands (United Kingdom, United States), SSS islands (Netherlands, France)  |  | Christianity
Agaw | Afro-Asiatic → Cushitic → Agaw[note 2] | Horn of Africa (Ethiopia, Eritrea)[note 3] | Bilen, Ximre, Awi, Qemant | Christianity → Oriental Orthodoxy
Aghuls | Northeast Caucasian → Lezgic → Aghul | Russia (Dagestan)  |  | Islam → Sunni Islam[1]
Ahiarmiut | Eskaleut → Inuit → Inuktitut → Ahiarmiut[2] | Canada (Kivalliq Region)  |  |
Ahoms | Kra–Dai → Tai → Ahom[note 4] | India (Assam, Arunachal Pradesh)  |  | Hinduism, Ahom religion
Aikana | Aikana language | Brazil (Rondonia)  |  | Animism
Aimaq | Indo-European → Iranian → Persian → Aimaq | Afghanistan | Aimaq Hazara, Firozkohi, Jamshidi, Aimaq Kipchaks, Timuri, Taymani | Islam → Sunni Islam
Ainus | Ainu → Hokkaido Ainu; formerly Ainu → Sakhalin Ainu, Kuril Ainu | Japan (Hokkaido, Tōhoku region), Russia (Sakhalin, Kamchatka Peninsula, Khabarovsk Krai), Kuril Islands (Russia or Japan)  | Hokkaido Ainus (including Ishikari Ainus, Menasunkur Ainus, Sumunkur Ainus, and Uchiura Ainus), Tokyo Ainus, Sakhalin Ainus, Russian Ainus | Animism → Ainu folk religion; Buddhism → Nichiren Shōshū; Shinto; Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy → Russian Orthodoxy
Aja | Niger–Congo → Kwa → Adja | Benin, Togo |  | West African Vodun
Aka | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Aka | Central African Republic, Republic of the Congo |  | Traditional Aka religion[3]
Akans | Niger–Congo → Kwa → Central Tano,[note 2][note 5] Avikam–Alladian,[note 2] Potou,[note 2] Abé, Abidji, Attie, Ega;[4] Francosign → American Sign → Ghanaian Sign; Adamorobe Sign; Nanabin Sign | Ghana (Gold Coast)[note 6] | Abbé, Abidji, Ahafo, Ahanta, Akuapem, Akwamu, Akyem, Alladian, Anyi, Ashanti, Assin, Attie, Avikam, Baoulé, Bonos, Chakosi, Egas, Evalue, Fante, M'Bato, Nzema, Sefwi (including House of Israel), Tchaman, Wasa | Christianity
Akha | Sino-Tibetan → Loloish → Akha | China (Pu'er and Xishuangbanna)[note 7] | Akeu[citation needed] | Animism
Akhvakhs | Northeast Caucasian → Avar–Andic → Akhvakh | Russia (Dagestan)  |  | Islam
Akie | Nilotic → Kalenjin → Akie, Nilo-Saharan → Nilotic → Maasai[5] | Tanzania (Manyara Region)  |  | Traditional Akie religion[6]
Alabamas | Muskogean → Alabama–Koasati → Alabama[note 8] | United States (Alabama–Quassarte Tribal Town, Alabama–Coushatta Reservation)[note 9] |  | Christianity → Protestantism; Ethnic religion
Alavi Bohras | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Gujarati → Lisan ud-Dawat | India (Gujarat)  |  | Islam → Shia Islam → Isma'ilism
Albanians | Indo-European → Albanoid → Albanian,[note 2] Albanian Sign Language, Francosign → Austro-Hungarian Sign → Yugoslav Sign Language | Albania, Kosovo, North Macedonia (Ilirida), Greece, Serbia (Preševo Valley), Croatia (Zadar County) Italy (Southern Italy), Bulgaria (Mandritsa)  | Ghegs (including Arbanasi and Kosovars), Tosks (including Arbereshe, Cham Albanians, Arvanites, Lab Albanians), along with significant populations in Turkey, Egypt, Syria, France, the United Kingdom Italy, Spain, Germany, the Netherlands, Austria, Belgium, Nordic countries, Switzerland, Greece (including Western Thrace), Ukraine, Romania, Hungary, Croatia, Montenegro, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia, Bulgaria, North Macedonia, Australia, Canada, and the United States | Islam → Sunni Islam, Islam → Sufism → Bektashism, Christianity
Aleuts | Eskaleut → Aleut | Aleutian Islands (United States, Russia)  | Agdaagux Tribe | Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy
Altaians | Turkic → Kipchak → Southern Altai, Northern Altai | Russia (Altai Republic and Altai Krai), Mongolia (Altai Mountains), China (Altay Prefecture)  |  | Altai faith
Alur | Nilo-Saharan → Nilotic → Alur | Uganda (West Nile sub-region), Democratic Republic of the Congo (Ituri Province)  |  | Christianity
Alutiiq | Eskaleut → Eskimo → Alutiiq | United States (Alaska)  | Chugach | Christianity
Alyutors | Chukotko-Kamchatkan → Chukotkan → Alyutor | Russia (Koryak Okrug)  |  | Shamanism, Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy
Ambonese | Austronesian → Malayic → Ambonese Malay | Indonesia (Ambon Island)  |  | Christianity → Protestantism → Calvinism
Ambundu | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Kimbundu | Angola |  | Christianity, Traditional African religions
Amdang | Furan → Amdang | Sudan (West Darfur), Chad (Wadi Fira)  |  | Islam
Americo-Liberians | Various languages of different African ethnic groups (originally, descendants of African-American slaves who were freed and returned to Africa)

English (adopted language)
English → Merico
English → Liberian Kreyol

| Liberia |  | Christianity → Protestantism
Amhara | Afro-Asiatic → Semitic → Ethiopic → Amharic | Ethiopia (Amharia)  |  | Christianity → Oriental Orthodoxy
Amis | Austronesian → Formosan → Amis | Taiwan (Taitung and Hualien Counties)  |  | Animism, Christianity
Amish | Indo-European → Germanic → Pennsylvania Dutch, Alemannic German → Alsatian | United States (Pennsylvania)  | Old Order Amish (including Swiss Amish, Nebraska Amish, Swartzentruber Amish, Buchanan Amish, Andy Weaver Amish, Troyer Amish, Byler Amish, Renno Amish, Holmes Old Order Amish, Elkhart-LaGrange Amish, Lancaster Amish, Tobe Amish, and Michigan Amish), New Order Amish, Amish Mennonites (including Beachy Amish (including Old Beachy Amish), Kauffman Amish Mennonites, Egli Amish, Stuckey Amish), Para-Amish groups (including Lobelville Believers in Christ, Le Roy Plain Community, Manton Plain Community, Ghent Plain Community, Christian Communities, Vernon Community, Caneyville Christian Community)  | Christianity → Anabaptism
Amung | Trans-New Guinea → Amung | Indonesia (Mimika, Puncak)  |  | Christianity
Andis | Northeast Caucasian → Avar–Andic → Andi | Russia (Dagestan)  |  | Islam
Aneuk Jamee | Austronesian → Malayic → Minangkabau → Aneuk Jamee[note 10] | Indonesia (Aceh)  |  | Islam
Anglo-Americans | Indo-European → Germanic → English → United States English; Francosign → ASLic → American Sign | United States of America | New England Americans, Middle Atlantic Americans, Midwestern Americans, Southern Americans, Western Americans | Christianity → Catholicism, Protestantism → Anglicanism, Methodism, Calvinism
Anglo-Burmese | Indo-European → Germanic → English, Sino-Tibetan → Lolo-Burmese → Burmese, Sino-Tibetan → Tibeto-Burman → Karenic → Karen | Myanmar | Significant population in Western Australia | Christianity → Catholicism, Protestantism → Anglicanism; Buddhism
Anglo-Canadians | Indo-European → Germanic → English → Canadian English, Francosign → ASLic → American Sign | Canada | Ontarians, Anglo-Quebecers, Nova Scotians, New Brunswickers, Manitobans, British Columbians, Prince Edward Islanders, Saskatchewanians, Albertans, Newfoundlanders, Labradorians, Northwest Territorians, Yukoners, Anglo-Nunavummiut | Christianity → Protestantism → Anglicanism, Methodism, Calvinism; Catholicism
Anglo-Celtic Australians | Indo-European → Germanic → English → Australian English | Australia |  | Christianity
Anglo-Indians | Indo-Europeans → Germanic → English | India | Significant populations in the United Kingdom, Australia, and Bangladesh | Christianity
Anglo-Irish | Indo-European → Germanic → English → Hiberno-English; Francosign → Irish Sign, BANZSL → British Sign; BANZSL → British Sign → Northern Ireland Sign | Ireland |  | Christianity → Protestantism → Anglicanism
Anglo-New Zealanders | Indo-European → Germanic → English → New Zealand English | New Zealand |  | Christianity → Protestantism → Anglicanism
Angu | Trans-New Guinea → Angan[note 2] | Papua New Guinea (Kratke Range)  |  | Animism
Antiochian Greek Christians | Afro-Asiatic → Arabic → Levantine Arabic, historically Indo-European → Hellenic | Levant (Lebanon, Syria, Israel, Jordan, Turkey)  |  | Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy → Greek Orthodoxy → Greek Orthodox Church of Antioch, Catholicism → Melkite Catholicism
Anuak | Nilo-Saharan → Nilotic → Anuak | Ethiopia (Anuakia), South Sudan (Boma)  |  | Christianity
Apache | Na-Dene → Athabaskan → Apachean[note 2][note 11] | United States (Apacheria)  | Chiricahua, Jicarilla, Lipan, Mescalero, Salinero, Plains Apache, Western Apache | Native American religions → Native American Church
Apanyekra | Macro-Je → Je → Canela | Brazil (Northeast Region)  |  | Ethnic religion
Apinajé | Macro-Je → Je → Apinayé | Brazil (Tocantins)  |  | Animism
Arabs | Afro-Asiatic → Semitic → Arabic;[note 2] Arab Sign;[note 2] Al-Sayyid Bedouin Sign; Kafr Qasem Sign; formerly Afro-Asiatic → Arabic → Sicilian Arabic and Shirvani Arabic | Arabian Peninsula[7] and Syrian Desert[8] | Bedouins (including Palestinian Bedouins (including Jahalin Bedouins, Negev Bedouins (including Al-Sayyid Bedouins and Hanajira), Galilee Bedouins, Ta'amreh), Tarabin Bedouins, Bedul, Liyathnah), Israeli Arabs, Palestinians (including Palestinian Christians, Palestinian Baháʼís, Palestinian Muslims (including Palestinian Metawalis), Palestinian Bedouins (including Jahalin Bedouins), and Afro-Palestinians), Egyptian Arabs, Maghrebi Arabs, Dawada, Iranian Arabs (including Khuzestani Arabs, Khorasani Arabs, Huwalas, and Khamseh Arabs), Sudanese Arabs, Marsh Arabs, Arab Christians[9] (including Antiochians, Jerusalemites, and Alexandrians), Alawites, Druze,[10] Hadharem, Mhallami, Rashaida, Baggara Arabs, Abbala Arabs, Azawagh Arabs, Diffa Arabs, Manga Arabs, Ababda, Arab-Persians, Arab-Berbers, with diaspora populations (including the Palestinian diaspora) in Europe (including the United Kingdom, the Caucasus, Sweden, Spain), Turkey, Pakistan (including Palestinians), India, Colombia, Chile (including Palestinians), Nicaragua, Brazil (including Palestinians), Mexico (including Palestinians), Venezuela, the United States (including Palestinians), Canada, Haiti (including Palestinians), Cuba, El Salvador (including Palestinians), Australia (including Palestinians), New Zealand, Singapore | Islam → Sunni Islam, Sufism, Shia Islam → Twelver Shi'ism, Isma'ilism → Tayyibi Isma'ilism → Sulaymani, Zaydism, Ibadism
Aragonese | Indo-European → Romance → Aragonese, Indo-European → Romance → Spanish | Spain (Aragon)  |  | Christianity → Catholicism
Arameans (Syriacs) | Afro-Asiatic → Semitic → Neo-Aramaic[note 2] | Syria (Qalamoun Mountains), Israel | Israeli Arameans | Christianity → Eastern Christianity → Syriac Christianity
Aranadans | Dravidian → Malayalamoid → Eranadan | India (Kerala)  |  |
Arapaho | Algic → Algonquian → Arapahoan → Arapaho | United States (Colorado, Wyoming)  |  | Christianity, Native American Church
Arará | Indo-European → Romance → Spanish → Cuban Spanish | Cuba |  | Animism
Argobba | Afro-Asiatic → Ethiopic → Argobba[note 12] | Ethiopia (Afar, Harari, Amhara, and Oromia Regions)[note 3] |  | Islam → Sunni Islam
Armenians | Indo-European → Armenian,[note 2] Northwest Caucasian → Circassian,[note 2] Armenian Sign language, formerly Harsneren language, Turkic → Kipchak → Armeno-Kipchak | Armenian highlands (Armenia, Turkey (Western Armenia)),[note 13] Azerbaijan | Turkish Armenians (including Armenians in Istanbul, Hemshin, and Hidden Armenians), Cherkesogai, Armeno-Tats, Zoks, Hayhurum, Karabakhis and historically Udis and Turkic peoples who adhered to the Armenian Apostolic Church, along with significant populations in Russia, Belarus, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Serbia, Poland, Greece, Hungary, Moldova, Romania, Ukraine (including Crimea), Cyprus, the United States, Canada, Mexico, Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay, France, Spain, the United Kingdom Sweden, Switzerland, Italy, Malta, Georgia (including Samtskhe–Javakheti, Abkhazia, and Tbilisi), Azerbaijan, (including Baku), Egypt, Lebanon, Pakistan, Iran, Qatar, Iraq, Kuwait, Syria, the United Arab Emirates, Israel, Jordan, Ethiopia, China, India, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Singapore, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Israel, Palestine, the Netherlands, and Germany | Christianity → Oriental Orthodoxy, Catholicism → Eastern Catholicism → Armenian Catholicism
Aromanians | Indo-European → Romance → Aromanian | Balkans (Greece, Albania, North Macedonia, Serbia, Bulgaria, Romania)[note 3] | Significant populations in Greece, Albania, Romania, Bulgaria, Serbia, and North Macedonia, along with diaspora populations  | Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy
Arrernte | Pama-Nyungan → Arandic → Arrernte | Australia (Arrernte Land)  |  | Alcheringa
Ashkali | Indo-European → Albanian | Kosovo |  | Islam → Sunni Islam
Asmat | Trans–New Guinea → Asmat–Kamrau → Asmat[note 2] | South Papua |  | Christianity
Assamese | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Assamese | India (Assam)  | Assamese Brahmins, Kalitas, Kaibartas, Assamese Muslims, Chutias | Hinduism
Assiniboine | Siouan → Western Siouan → Assiniboine | Canada (Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta), United States (North Dakota, Montana)  | Bizebina, Insaombi, Wokpanbi  | Traditional Assiniboine religion
Assyrians | Afro-Asiatic → Semitic → Neo-Aramaic[note 2][note 14] | Assyria (Iraq, Iran, Syria, Turkey)[note 15] | Iraqi Assyrians, Turkish Assyrians, Syrian Assyrians and Iranian Assyrians. Groupings include Chaldean Assyrians from Nineveh and Bohtan, Syriac Assyrians from Tur Abdin, Citadel Christians, Hakkari and Urmia tribes including; Tyari, Jilu, Baz, Tkhuma, Nochiya, along with significant populations in Armenia, Lebanon, Israel, Georgia, Jordan, the State of Palestine, the Netherlands, Austria, Australia, New Zealand, the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, Russia, Belgium, Finland, France, Greece, Germany, Sweden, Mexico, Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Uruguay, Argentina,  | Christianity → Eastern Christianity → Syriac Christianity
Asturians | Indo-European → Romance → Asturleonese → Asturian, Indo-European → Romance → Galician and Asturleonese → Eonavian[note 16] | Spain (Asturias)  | Eonavians | Christianity → Catholicism
Asurs | Austroasiatic → Munda → Asur–Birjia[note 2] | India (Bihar, Jharkhand)  | Bir, Asur, Birjia, Agaria  | Animism and Hinduism → Asur religion
Atacama | Kunza | Chile (Atacama Desert, Altiplano), Argentina (Altiplano), Bolivia (Antofagasta Region)  |  | Inca Religion
Atayals | Austronesian → Formosan → Atayal; Japonic → Japanese-based creoles → Yilan Creole Japanese | Taiwan |  | Animism, Christianity
Ati | Ati language | Western Visayas |  | Animism, Christianity
Atikamekw | Algic → Algonquian → Atikamekw | Canada (Nitaskinan)  |  | Christianity → Catholicism, Ethnic religion
Atoni | Austronesian → Timoric → Uab Meto | Indonesia (West Timor), East Timor (Oecusse)  | Amarasi | Christianity
Atyap | Niger–Congo → Plateau → Atyap | Nigeria (Kaduna State)  |  | Christianity
Austral Islanders | Austronesian → Malayo-Polynesian → Polynesian → Austral | France (Austral Islands)  |  | Christianity
Austrians | Indo-European → Germanic → Bavarian, Francosign → Austro-Hungarian Sign → Austrian Sign | Austria |  | Christianity → Catholicism
Avars | Northeast Caucasian → Avar–Andic → Avar, Northeast Caucasian → Lezgic → Archi | Russia (Dagestan, Chechnya, Dagestan, Kalmykia), Azerbaijan (Balakan, Zagatala), Turkey, Georgia | Archis | Islam → Sunni Islam
Awa | Barbacoan → Awan → Awa | Colombia (Narino), Ecuador (Carchi)  |  | Christianity
Awadhis | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Awadhi | India (Awadh)  | Barhai | Hinduism
Aymara | Aymaran → Aymara | Bolivia, Peru, Chile |  | Christianity → Catholicism
Aynu | Turkic and Indo-European → Karluk and Iranian → Uyghur and Persian → Aynu, Turkic → Karluk → Uyghur | China (Xinjiang)  |  | Islam → Alevism
Azerbaijanis | Turkic → Oghuz → Azeri[note 2] | Azerbaijan, Iran (Iranian Azerbaijan)  | Ayrums, Baharlu, Bayat, Karadaghis, Qajars, Kuresunni, Padar, Qarapapaqs, Shahsevan, Terekeme, Yeraz, Afshar (including Javanshir Qizilbash), Iranian Azeris, along with significant populations in Georgia, Russia, and historically Armenia | Islam → Shia Islam
Babur and Bura | Afro-Asiatic → Chadic → Bura | Nigeria (Borno State and Adamawa State)  | Babur, Bura  | Islam
Badagas | Dravidian → Badaga–Kannada → Badaga | India (Nilgiris district)  |  | Hinduism
Bagirmi | Nilo-Saharan → Central Sudanic → Bongo-Bagirmi → Bagirmi language | Chad (Chari-Baguirmi)  |  | Islam → Folk Islam
Bagvalals | Northeast Caucasian → Avar–Andic → Bagvalal | Russia (Dagestan)  |  | Islam → Sunni Islam
Baining | East New Britain → Baining | Papua New Guinea (Gazelle Peninsula)  |  | Christianity, Pomio Kivung
Baharna | Afro-Asiatic → Arabic → Bahrani Arabic | Bahrain | Significant population in Kuwait | Islam → Shia Islam
Bahnar | Austroasiatic → Bahnaric → Bahnar | Vietnam (Central Highlands)  |  | Animism
Bai | Sino-Tibetan → Macro-Bai → Bai[note 2] | China (Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, Bijie, Sangzhi County)  |  | Buddhism, Benzhuism, Daoism
Bajuni | Atlantic–Congo → Bantu → Swahili → Bajuni | Somalia (Bajuni Islands), Kenya (Coast Province)  |  | Islam → Sunnism → Shafi'ism
Bakarwal | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Gujari → Bakarwal  | India or Pakistan (Kashmir)  |  | Islam
Bakossi | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Akoose | Cameroon (Bakossi Mountains)  |  | Christianity → Catholicism
Balanta | Niger–Congo → West Atlantic → Senegambian → Balanta[note 2] | Guinea-Bissau, Senegal, The Gambia |  | Traditional African religions
Balinese | Austronesian → Balinese | Indonesia (Bali)  | Bali Aga | Hinduism → Balinese Hinduism
Balkars | Turkic → Kipchak → Balkar | Russia (Kabardino-Balkaria)  |  | Islam → Sunni Islam
Balochs | Indo-European → Iranian → Balochi | Balochistan (Pakistan (Balochistan), Iran (Sistan and Baluchestan), Afghanistan (Balochistan))  | Askani, Bajkani, Bangulzai, Barazani, Bhurgari, Bugti, Buledi, Chandio, Darzada, Dehwar, Dodai, Dombki, Gabol, Ghazini, Jamali, Jatoi, Kalmati, Khetran, Kunara, Langhani, Lango, Lashkrani, Loharani, Lund, Marri, Mazari, Mengal, Mirali, Mugheri, Muhammad Shahi, Mullazai, Nothazai, Pitafi, Qaisrani, Rind, Sadozai, Sethwi, Shaikhzadah, Talpur, Tauki, Umrani, Yarahmadzai, Zardari, Makrani, along with significant populations in the United Arab Emirates (including Al Balushi) and Turkmenistan | Islam → Sunni Islam
Balondo-ba-Konja | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Londo | Cameroon |  | Creationism → Balondo-ba-Konja religion
Balti | Sino-Tibetan → Tibetic → Balti | Pakistan (Gilgit-Baltistan)  |  | Islam → Shia Islam
Bamars | Sino-Tibetan → Burmese | Myanmar | Taungyo, Yaw, Intha, Danu, Anglo-Burmese | Buddhism → Theravada Buddhism, Burmese folk religion
Bambara | Niger–Congo → Mande → Manding → Bambara | Mali |  | Islam
Bamileke | Niger–Congo → Grassfields → Bamileke[note 2] | Cameroon (West and Northwest regions)  | Mengaka, Ngiemboon, Ngombale, Ngomba, Ngwe, Yemba, Fe'fe', Ghomala', Kwaʼ, Nda'nda', Medumba | Christianity
Bamum | Niger–Congo → Grassfields → Bamum | Cameroon (West Region)  |  | Islam
Banda | Niger–Congo → Ubangian → Banda[note 2] | Central African Republic, South Sudan, Democratic Republic of the Congo | Central Banda, South Banda, West Banda | Christianity
Bandanese | Austronesian → Malayic → Malay → Banda Malay, Austronesian → Central Maluku → Banda | Indonesia (Banda Islands)  |  | Islam, Christianity
Bangweulu Twa | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Bemba | Zambia (Bangweulu Wetlands)  |  | Traditional African Religion
Baniwa | Arawakan → Upper Amazon Arawakan → Karu | Brazil (Amazonas), Colombia (Amazonas), Venezuela (Amazonas)  |  | Traditional religion; Christianity → Catholicism
Banjara | Indo-European → Rajasthani → Lambadi | India (Mewar)  |  | Hinduism
Banjarese | Austronesian → Malayic → Malay → Banjarese | Indonesia (South Kalimantan)  |  | Islam → Sunni Islam
Baraks | Turkic → Oghuz → Turkish | Turkey (Manbij Plain and neighboring regions), Syria (Jarabulus Subdistrict)  |  | Islam → Sunni Islam
Bari | Nilo-Saharan → Nilotic → Bari | South Sudan (Central Equatoria), Uganda | Pojulu, Kakwa, Nyangwara, Mandari, Kuku | Christianity
Bariba | Niger–Congo → Gur → Bariba | Borgu (Benin, Nigeria)  |  | Islam
Bashkirs | Turkic → Kipchak → Bashkir | Russia (Bashkortostan)  |  | Islam → Sunni Islam
Basques | Basque[note 17] | Basque Country (Spain, France)  | Navarreans, Alavans, Biscayans, Gipuzkoans, Northern Basques, along with significant populations in Argentina, Chile, Colombia, the United States, Canada, Mexico, Venezuela, and Uruguay | Christianity → Catholicism
Bassa | Niger–Congo → Kru → Bassa | Liberia (Bassaland)  |  | Christianity → Protestantism → Anglicanism
Basters | Indo-European → Germanic → Afrikaans | Namibia |  | Christianity → Protestantism
Batak | Austronesian → Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands → Batak[note 2] | Indonesia (North Sumatra)  | Angkola, Karo, Mandailing, Pakpak, Simalungun, Toba, Alas, Kluet, Singkil | Christianity → Protestantism → Lutheranism
Bateri | Indo-European → Dardic → Bateri | Pakistan (Kohistan)  |  | Islam → Sunni Islam
Batwa | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Kirundi, Niger–Congo → Bantu → Kiga | African Great Lakes |  | Traditional African religion
Bauzi | East Geelvink Bay → Bauzi | Indonesia (Papua)  |  | Animism
Bazigar | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Bazigar | India (Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Delhi, Chandigarh, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Rajasthan), Pakistan (Punjab)  |  | Hinduism
Beja | Afro-Asiatic → Cushitic → Beja | Sudan, Egypt, Eritrea | Bishari, Hadendoa, Hedareb, Amarar, Beni-Amer | Islam → Sunni Islam
Belarusians | Indo-European → Slavic → Belarusian[note 18] | Belarus, Lithuania (Vilnius Region), Polesia (Poland, Ukraine), Russia (Smolensk Oblast, Pskov Oblast, Bryansk Oblast, Kaluga Oblast, Oryol Oblast), and surrounding regions  | Significant populations in the United States, Poland, Lithuania, Russia, Ukraine, and Russia | Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy
Belizean Creoles | Indo-European → Germanic → English → Belizean Creole | Belize |  | Christianity → Protestantism, Rastafari
Bemba | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Bemba | Zambia (Northern, Luapula, and Copperbelt Provinces), Democratic Republic of the Congo (Katanga Province)  |  | Christianity → Protestantism
Bembe | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Bembe | Democratic Republic of the Congo, Tanzania |  | Christianity → Protestantism, Traditional African religions
Bena | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Bena | Tanzania (Njombe Region)  |  | Christianity → Catholicism
Bengalis | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Bengali | Bengal (Bangladesh, India (West Bengal, Tripura, parts of Assam and Jharkhand))  | Bengali Muslims, Bengali Hindus, Bengali Buddhists, Bengali Christians, Bangals, Ghotis, Dhakaiyas, Mahifarash, Shershabadia, Mahimal, and Sylhetis | Islam → Sunni Islam; Hinduism → Shaktism, Vaishnavism, Hindu atheism; Christianity → Catholicism, Protestantism; Buddhism → Theravada Buddhism
Berbers | Afro-Asiatic → Berber,[note 2] Afro-Asiatic → Semitic → Arabic,[note 2] Songhay → Northern Songhay → Tagdal | Maghreb | Central Atlas Berbers, Chaouis, Kabyle, Kountas, Chenouas, Ghomaras, Godala, Hawwara, Matmatas, Mozabite, Nafusis, Rifians, Shilha, Siwi, Tuaregs, Awjila, Arab-Berbers, Sanhaja Berbers, Jerba, Zayanes, Igdalen, with significant populations in Belgium, France, Canada, the Netherlands, the United States, Western Sahara, Mauritania, Burkina Faso (including Tuaregs), Niger (including Tuaregs), and Mali | Islam → Sunni Islam, Ibadism
Berom | Niger–Congo → Plateau → Berom | Niger (Plateau State)  |  | Christianity
Berta | Nilo-Saharan → Berta | Ethiopia (Benishangul-Gumuz Region), South Sudan |  | Islam
Betawis | Austronesian → Malayic → Malay → Betawian | Indonesia (Jakarta)  |  | Islam → Sunni Islam
Beti[note 19] | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Ewondo, Niger–Congo → Bantu → Eton | Cameroon | Ewondo, Eton | Christianity
Bezhta | Northeast Caucasian → Tsezic → Bezhta | Russia (Tsuntinsky District)  |  | Islam → Sunni Islam
Bhils | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Bhil[note 2] | India (Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, Rajasthan, Maharashtra)  | Barda, Bhagalia, Bhilala, Bhil Gametia, Bhil Garasia, Bhil Kataria, Bhil Mama, Bhil Mavchi, Dholi Bhil, Dungri Bhil, Damor, Dungri Garasia, Mewasi Bhil, Nirdhi Bhil, Rawal Bhil, Tadvi Bhil, Vasava, Bhil Meena, Chaudhri, Bagdi | Hinduism
Bhojpuris | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Bihari → Bhojpuri | India, Nepal | Paswan, Teli | Hinduism, Jainism
Bhumijs | Austroasiatic → Munda → Bhumij[note 20] | India (West Bengal, Odisha, Jharkhand)  |  | Sarnaism
Bicolanos | Austronesian → Philippine → Bikol[note 2] | Philippines (Bicol Region)  | Central Bikol, Sorsoganons, Catandunganons, Rinconada, Albayanon | Christianity → Catholicism
Bidayuh | Austronesian → Malayo-Polynesian → Land Dayak[note 2] | Malaysia (Sarawak)  | Kendayan, Selako, Bakatiʼ, Sara Bakati', Laraʼ, Bukar–Sadong, Biatah, Tringgus, Jagoi, Jangkang, Kembayan, Semandang, Ribun, Nyaduʼ, Sanggau | Christianity
Bilala | Nilo-Saharan → Central Sudanic → Naba | Chad (Lake Fitri)  |  | Islam
Bimanese | Austronesian → Malayo-Polyneisan → Bima | Indonesia (Sumbawa Island)  |  | Islam
Bisayas | Austronesian → Dusunic → Sabah Bisaya, Brunei Bisaya | Brunei, Malaysia (Sabah, Sarawak)  | Sabah Bisaya, Brunei Bisaya  | Islam, Christianity
Bishnupriyas | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Bengali-based creole → Bishnupriya Manipuri | India (Manipur), Bangladesh |  | Hinduism → Vaishnavism
Bissa | Niger–Congo → Mande → Bissa | Burkina Faso |  | Islam
Blaan | Austronesian → Philippine → Blaan | Philippines (Soccsksargen)  |  | Anitism
Black Nova Scotians | Indo-European → Germanic → English | Canada (Nova Scotia)  |  | Christianity → Protestantism → Baptist
Blackfoot | Algic → Algonquian → Blackfoot | Canada (Alberta), United States (Montana)  | Kainai Nation, Piegan Blackfeet, Piikani Nation, Siksika Nation | Native American Church, Christianity
Boa | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Boa | Democratic Republic of the Congo (Bas-Uele)  |  | Christianity
Bodo | Sino-Tibetan → Sal → Bodo | India (Bodoland)  | Mech, Kachari | Bathouism, Hinduism
Bokota | Chibchan → Buglere | Panama (Bocas del Toro)  |  | Native American religion
Bondei | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Sueta → Bondei | Tanzania (Pangani District)  |  | Islam, Traditional African religions
Bororo | Macro-Je → Bororoan → Bororo | Brazil (Mato Grosso)  |  | Animism
Bosniaks | Indo-European → Slavic → Shtokavian → Bosnian | Bosnia and Herzegovina, Sandžak (Serbia, Montenegro)  | Significant populations in Serbia, Turkey, Austria, Germany and the United States | Islam → Sunni Islam
Botlikhs | Northeast Caucasian → Avar–Andic → Botlikh | Russia (Dagestan)  |  | Islam → Sunni Islam[11]
Bouyei | Kra–Dai → Tai → Bouyei | China (Guizhou)  | Giay | Moism
Bozo | Niger–Congo → Mande → Bozo | Mali |  | Islam
Brahuis | Dravidian → Northern Dravidian → Brahui | Pakistan (Balochistan)  | Raisani, Jhalawan, Sarawan, Mengal (including Zagar and Zakria Zae), Sasoli | Islam → Sunni Islam → Hanafi
Bretons | Indo-European → Celtic → Breton[note 21] | France (Brittany)  | Significant populations in Canada and the United States | Christianity → Catholicism
Bribri | Chibchan → Talamanca → Bribri, Bribri Sign language | Costa Rica (Cordillera de Talamanca)  |  | Talamancan mythology
Bru | Austroasiatic → Katuic → Bru | Laos (Savannakhet province), Vietnam (Quảng Binh and Quảng Trị provinces)  |  | Satsana Phi, Buddhism → Theravada Buddhism
Bruneian | Austronesian → Bruneian | Brunei | Kedayan Bruneian | Sunni Islam
Bubi | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Bube | Equatorial Guinea (Bioko)  |  | Christianity → Catholicism
Budu | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Budu | Democratic Republic of the Congo (Wamba Territory)  |  | Christianity
Budukhs | Northeast Caucasian → Lezgic → Budukh | Azerbaijan (Buduq)  |  | Islam → Sunni Islam
Buduma | Afro-Asiatic → Chadic → Yedina | Lake Chad (Chad, Nigeria, Cameroon)  |  | Islam
Buginese | Austronesian → South Sulawesi → Buginese | Indonesia (South Sulawesi)  |  | Islam, Christianity, folk religion
Bulgarians | Indo-European → Slavic → Bulgarian, Francosign → Bulgarian Sign | Bulgaria | Pomaks, Paulicians, Macedonian Bulgarians, Bessarabian Bulgarians, Dobrujan Bulgarians, Thracian Bulgarians, Karakachani, along with significant populations in Turkey, Ukraine and Moldova, Romania and Serbia, Croatia, Germany, Spain, and the United States | Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy
Bunak | Trans–New Guinea → Timor–Alor–Pantar → Bunak | Indonesia (West Timor), East Timor |  | Christianity → Catholicism
Bunun | Austronesian → Bunun | Taiwan (Nantou)  |  | Animism, Christianity
Burghers | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Sinhala, Dravidian → Tamiloid → Tamil, Indo-European → Germanic → English, Indo-European → Romance → Portuguese → Sri Lankan Portuguese Creole | Sri Lanka | Dutch Burghers, Portuguese Burghers | Christianity
Burushos | Burushaski | Pakistan (Gilgit-Baltistan)  |  | Islam → Shia Islam → Isma'ilism
Buryats | Mongolic → Central Mongolic → Buryat;[note 2] Mongolic → Central Mongolic → Khalkha → Sartul, Tsongol  | Russia (Buryatia)  |  | Buddhism → Tibetan Buddhism, Shamanism → Mongolian shamanism, Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy
Butonese | Austronesian → Celebic → Butonese[note 2] | Indonesia (Buton)  |  | Islam
Bwa | Niger–Congo → Gur → Bwa[note 2] | Burkina Faso, Mali |  | Traditional African religions
Bwatiye | Afro-Asiatic → Chadic → Bacama | Nigeria (Adamawa State)  |  | Christianity, Neo-Pentecostalism
Cabiyari | Arawakan → Upper Amazon Arawakan → Cabiyari | Colombia (Vaupes)  |  | Christianity
Caddo | Caddoan → Caddo | United States (Oklahoma)  |  | Peyote religion, Christianity
Cahuilla | Uto-Aztecan → Cupan → Cahuilla | United States (California)  | Pass Cahuilla (including Agua Caliente Cahuilla, Morongo Cahuilla), Mountain Cahuilla (including Cahuilla Band of Indians, Los Coyotes Cahuilla, Ramona Cahuilla, Santa Rosa Cahuilla), Desert Cahuilla (including Augustine Cahuilla, Cabazon Cahuillla, Torres Martinez Desert Cahuilla)  | Christianity → Catholicism, Protestantism → Moravian; Ethnic religion
Caldoche | Indo-European → Romance → French, Francosign → French Sign | France (New Caledonia)  |  | Christianity → Catholicism
Camminanti | Indo-European → Romance → Sicilian → Baccagghiu  | Italy (Sicily)  |  | Christianity → Catholicism
Canary Islanders | Indo-European → Romance → Spanish → Canarian Spanish, Silbo Gomero, Isleño Spanish | Spain (Canary Islands)  | Isleños (including Louisiana Isleños)  | Christianity → Catholicism
Cape Coloureds | Indo-European → Germanic → Afrikaans, Kaaps, English | South Africa (Western Cape)  |  | Christianity
Cape Malays | Indo-European → Germanic → Afrikaans, Kaaps, English | South Africa (Western Cape)  |  | Islam
Caipiras | Indo-European → Romance → Portuguese → Caipira, formerly Tupian → Tupi–Gurani → Tupinambá → Paulista General Language, Indo-European → Italian-based creoles → Italo-Paulista | Brazil (Centro-Sul)  |  | Christianity → Catholicism
Carolinians | Austronesian → Micronesian → Carolinian | United States (Northern Mariana Islands)  |  | Christianity → Catholicism
Catalans | Indo-European → Romance → Catalan, LSCic → Catalan Sign | Catalan Countries (Spain, France, Andorra, Italy)  | Balears, Algherese, Andorrans, Roussillonese with significant populations in the United States | Christianity → Catholicism
Cayuga | Iroquoian → Northern Iroquoian → Cayuga | Canada (Ontario), United States (New York, Oklahoma)  |  | Longhouse Religion
Chaga | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Chaga[note 2] | Tanzania | Gwenos, Rombos, Central Chaga (including Kahe), Rusa, West Chaga | Christianity, Islam, Traditional African religions
Chagossians | Indo-European → Bourbonnais Creole → Chagossian Creole | Chagos Archipelago[note 22] |  | Christianity, Rastafari
Chaharmahali Turks | Turkic → Oghuz → Chaharmahali Turkic | Iran (Chaharmahal)  |  | Islam → Shia Islam → Twelver Shi'ism
Chakmas | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Chakma | Bangladesh (Chittagong Hill Tracts)  |  | Buddhism → Theravada Buddhism
Chamalals | Northeast Caucasian → Avar–Andic → Chamalal | Russia (Tsumadinsky District)  |  | Islam → Sunni Islam, Animism
Chamorro | Austronesian → Malayo-Polynesian → Chamorro | United States (Mariana Islands)  |  | Christianity → Catholicism
Chams | Austronesian → Chamic → Cham[note 2] | Champa (Cambodia, Vietnam), China (Hainan)  | Churu, Jarai, Rade, Raglai, Utsuls | Islam → Sunni Islam, Shia Islam → Bani Islam, Hinduism
Chaoui | Afro-Asiatic → Berber → Shawiya | Algeria (Aurès)  |  | Islam → Sunni Islam
Charrúa | Charruan languages[note 2] | Uruguay | Chaná | Animism
Chechens | Northeast Caucasian → Nakh → Chechen | Russia (Chechnya, Aukh), Georgia (Pankisi)  | Kists, Chechen Kurds, Aukhs, with significant populations in Austria, France, Jordan, Syria, Turkey, and the United States | Islam → Sunni Islam
Chehalis | Formerly Salishan → Coast Salish → Lower Chehalis, Upper Chehalis | United States (Washington)  | Lower Chehalis, Upper Chehalis | Ethnic religion
Chelkans | Turkic → Siberian Turkic → Northern Altai → Chelkan  | Russia (Altai Republic, Kemerovo Oblast)  |  | Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy, Burkhanism, Shamanism
Chepang | Sino-Tibetan → Chepangic → Chepang | Nepal |  | Hinduism
Chenouas | Afro-Asiatic → Berber → Chenouas | Algeria (Mount Chenoua)  |  | Islam → Sunni Islam
Cherokee | Iroquoian → Southern Iroquoian → Cherokee[note 8] | United States (North Carolina, Tennessee)[note 9] | Cherokee Nation, Eastern Band, United Keetoowah Band, Cherokee Freedmen | Christianity, Four Mothers Society
Chewa | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Chewa | Malawi, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Mozambique |  | Christianity, Traditional African religions
Cheyennes | Algic → Algonquian → Cheyenne, Plains Indian Sign Language[note 8] | United States (Montana, Oklahoma)  |  | Native American religion, Native American Church, Christianity
Chickasaw | Muskogean → Western Muskogean → Chickasaw | United States (Mississippi, Alabama, Tennessee)[note 9] |  | Ethnic religion, Christianity → Protestantism
Chinese Tatars | Turkic → Kipchak → Tatar, Sino-Tibetan → Chinese → Mandarin | China (Xinjiang)  |  | Islam → Sunni Islam
Choctaw | Muskogean → Choctaw[note 8] | United States (Alabama, Florida, Mississippi, Louisiana)[note 9] | Choctaw Freedmen | Christianity, Choctaw religion
Chokwe | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Chokwe | Angola, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Zambia |  | Christianity
Cholanaikkans | Dravidian → South Dravidian I → Cholanaikkan | India (Kerala)  |  |
Cho Ro | Austroasiatic → Bahnaric → Chrau | Vietnam, (Dong Nai, Binh Duong, Binh Phuoc, Ba Ria-Vung Tau)  |  | Animism, Theravada
Chuanqing | Sino-Tibetan → Sinitic → Mandarin Chinese → Southwestern Mandarin | China (Guizhou)  |  | Ethnic religion
Chukchis | Chukotko-Kamchatkan → Chukotkan → Chukchi | Chukchia |  | Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy → Russian Orthodoxy, Shamanism
Chulyms | Turkic → Siberian Turkic → Chulym | Russia (Tomsk Oblast, Krasnoyarsk Krai)  |  | Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy → Russian Orthodoxy
Chumash | Chumashan languages[note 2][note 23] | United States (California)  |  | Christianity, Native American religion
Chutiya | Sino-Tibetan → Sal → Deori[note 4] | India (Assam)  | Deori | Ekasarana Dharma
Chuukese | Austronesian → Micronesian → Chuukese | Federated States of Micronesia (Chuuk Lagoon)  |  | Christianity → Catholicism
Chuvans | Indo-European → Slavic → Russian; Chukotko-Kamchatkan → Chukotkan → Chukchi; formerly Yukaghir → Chuvan | Russia (Chukotka)  |  | Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy → Russian Orthodoxy
Chuvash | Turkic → Oghur → Chuvash | Russia (Chuvashia)  | Virjal, Anatri | Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy
Cinta Larga | Tupian → Monde → Cinta Larga | Brazil (Amazon rainforest)  |  | Indigenous religion, Santo Daime
Circassians | Northwest Caucasian → Circassian[note 2] | Russia (Circassia)[note 1] | Abzakhs, Adygeans, Besleneys, Bzhedugs, Chemirgoys, Cherkess, Kabardians, Natukhajs, Shapsugs, Ubykhs, Makhosh, and Hatuqways, with significant populations in Turkey, Israel, Syria, Jordan, Iran, Germany, Iraq, Bulgaria, the United States, Egypt, Libya, and Saudi Arabia | Islam → Sunni Islam → Hanafi, Sufism → Naqshbandi
Cirebonese | Austronesian → Malayo-Polynesian → Cirebonese | Indonesia (Cirebon)  |  | Islam
Clatsop | Chinookan, Wakashan, and Indo-European → Lower Chinook, Nootka Jargon, Germanic, and Italic → Chinook Jargon; formerly Chinookan → Lower Chinook → Clatsop  | United States (Oregon)  |  |
Cocopah | Yuman → Cocopah | Mexico (Baja California, Sonora), United States (Arizona)  |  | Native American religion
Cocos Malays | Malay creoles → Cocos Malay | Australia (Cocos (Keeling) Islands)  | significant populations in Malaysia | Islam → Sunni Islam
Cofan | Cofan language | Ecuador (Sucumbios), Colombia (Putumayo)  |  | Animism
Cook Islanders | Austronesian → Polynesian → Cook Islands Māori, Austronesian → Polynesian → Penrhyn, Austronesian → Polynesian → Rakahanga-Manihiki, Austronesian → Polynesian → Pukapukan | Cook Islands |  | Christianity → Protestantism
Comanche | Uto-Aztecan → Numic → Comanche, Indo-European → Germanic → English | United States (Comancheria)  |  | Native American Church, Christianity
Comorians | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Comorian[note 2] | Comoros, France (Mayotte)  | Grande Comorians, Anjouans, Mohélians, Maorais, Significant population in Metropolitan France | Islam → Sunni Islam
Conch | Indo-European → Germanic → English, English creole → Bahamian Creole | Bahamas |  | Christianity
Confederados | Indo-European → Germanic → English → American English | Brazil (Santa Barbara d'Oeste, Americana)  |  | Christianity → Protestantism
Copts | Afro-Asiatic → Egyptian → Coptic,[note 24] Egyptian Sign | Egypt, Sudan, Libya | Sudan and Libya along with the Coptic diaspora | Christianity → Oriental Orthodoxy → Coptic Orthodoxy; Christianity → Catholicism → Eastern Catholicism → Coptic Catholicism
Cornish | Indo-European → Celtic → Cornish,[note 25] Indo-European → Germanic → English → Cornish English, BANZSL → British Sign | United Kingdom (Cornwall)  | Significant populations in the United States and Australia | Christianity → Protestantism → Anglicanism, Methodism
Corsicans | Indo-European → Romance → Corsican[note 21] | France (Corsica)  | Corsican Americans (including Corsican Puerto Ricans)  | Christianity → Catholicism
Coushatta | Muskogean → Alabama–Koasati → Koasati | United States (Coushatta Indian Reservation, Alabama–Coushatta Reservation, Alabama–Quassarte Tribal Town)  |  | Christianity
Cree | Algic → Algonquian → Cree[note 2][note 26] | Canada (Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Newfoundland and Labrador)  | James Bay Cree, Moose Cree, Swampy Cree, Woodland Cree, Papaschase | Christianity
Crimean Tatars | Turkic → Kipchak → Kipchak-Cuman → Middle Crimean Tatar, Turkic → Kipchak → Kipchak-Nogai → Northern Crimean Tatar, Turkic → Oghuz → Balkan Gagauz → Southern Crimean Tatar, Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Balkan Romani → Crimean Romani  | Ukraine (Crimea)  | Steppe, Mountain, and Southcoast tribes, Crimean Roma, along with Significant populations in Turkey, Romania, and Uzbekistan.  | Islam → Sunni Islam
Croats | Indo-European → Slavic → Shtokavian, Chakavian, Kajkavian, Torlakian, Burgenland Croatian, and Slavomolisano; Francosign → Austro-Hungarian Sign → Yugoslav Sign[note 2] | Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina (Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina), Kosovo, Austria (Burgenland), and surrounding regions  | Bunjevci, Krashovani, Janjevci, Šokci, Bosnian and Herzegovinian Croats, Montenegrin Croats, Serbian Croats, Slovenian Croats, Burgenland Croats, Croat Muslims, along with significant populations in Italy (including Molise Croats), the Czech Republic, the United States, Chile, Argentina, Germany, Australia and Canada | Christianity → Catholicism
Crow | Siouan → Western Siouan → Crow | United States (Montana)  |  | Christianity, Crow religion
Czechoslovaks | Indo-European → Slavic → Czech, Indo-European → Slavic → Slovak | Czech Republic, Slovakia | Significant populations in Canada and the United States | Christianity → Catholicism
Czechs | Indo-European → Slavic → Czech | Czech Republic | Bohemians, Chodové, along with significant populations in United States and Canada | Christianity → Catholicism[note 27]
Dagaaba | Niger–Congo → Gur → Dagaare | Ghana, Burkina Faso |  | Christianity, Traditional African religions
Dagombas | Niger–Congo → Gur → Dagbani | Ghana (Kingdom of Dagbon)  |  | Islam → Sunni Islam
Damara | Khoe → Khoekhoe | Namibia (Damaraland)  |  | Christianity
Damia | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Dameli | Pakistan (Chitral District)  |  |
Danes | Indo-European → Germanic → Danish, East Danish, Jutish; Francosign → DTSic → Danish Sign | Danish Realm (Denmark), Germany (Southern Schleswig)  | Significant populations in the United States, Canada, Greenland, and Germany.  | Christianity → Protestantism → Lutheranism
Dani | Trans-New Guinea → West Papuan Highlands → Dani[note 2] | Papua New Guinea (Baliem Valley)  | Indonesia (Highland Papua)  | Christianity → Protestantism, Islam
Dargins | Northeast Caucasian → Dargin[note 2] | Russia (Dagestan)  | Kaitags, Kubachis, Itsaris, Chirags | Islam → Sunni Islam
Daurs | Mongolic → Dagur | China (Inner Mongolia, Heilongjiang, Xinjiang)  |  | Shamanism
Dawoodi Bohra | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Gujarati → Lisan ud-Dawat | India, Pakistan |  | Islam → Shia → Isma'ilism → Tayyibi Isma'ilism
Deccani | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Hindustani → Deccani | India (Deccan)  | Hyderabadi | Islam → Sunni Islam, Sufism, Shia Islam → Isma'ilism → Nizari Isma'ilism
Deg Xitʼan | Na-Dene → Athabaskan → Deg Xinag | United States (Alaska)  |  | Christianity
Denaʼina | Na-Dene → Athabaskan → Denaʼina | United States (Alaska)  |  | Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy, Animism
Dhimal | Sino-Tibetan → Dhimalish → Dhimal | Nepal |  | Hinduism, Kiratism
Dinka | Nilo-Saharan → Nilotic → Dinka | South Sudan |  | Christianity, Dinka religion
Dobrujan Tatars | Turkic → Kipchak → Dobrujan Tatar, Indo-European → Romance → Romanian | Romania (Constanța County)  |  | Islam → Sunni Islam
Dogon | Niger–Congo → Dogon;[note 2] Bangime; Tebul Sign | Mali (Bandiagara Escarpment)  | Ampari Dogon (including Nyamboli), Tebul U, Mombo Dogon, Escarpment Dogon (including Tommo So), Jamsai Dogon, Nanga Dogon, Yanda Dogon, Walo, Beente, Duleri Dogon, Pinia, Bondum Dogon, Dogul Dogon, Budu, Western Plains Dogon, Toro-tegu Dogon, Bangande | Traditional African religions
Dogras | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Dogri | India (Jammu Division)  |  | Hinduism
Dolgans | Turkic → Siberian Turkic → Dolgan | Russia (Krasnoyarsk Krai)  |  | Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy → Russian Orthodoxy, Shamanism
Doms | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Domari, Garachi | Azerbaijan, Middle East, North Africa | Garachi, with significant populations in Egypt, Israel, Libya, Sudan, Syria, and Tunisia | Islam, Judaism
Dominickers |  | United States (Holmes County, Florida)  |  |
Dongxiangs | Mongolic → Shirongolic → Santa | China, (Gansu)  |  | Sunni Islam
Doukhobors | Indo-European → Slavic → Russian | Russia |  | Christianity → Spiritual Christianity
Druze | Afro-Asiatic → Arabic → Levantine Arabic; DGSic → Israeli Sign | Levant (Syria, Lebanon, Israel, Jordan)  | Lebanese Druze, Syrian Druze, Israeli Druze, Jordanian Druze | Druzism[12][13]
Dubla | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Bhil → Dubli[note 28] | Gujarat (India)  |  | Hinduism
Dukha | Turkic → Siberian Turkic → Taiga Sayan Turkic → Dukhan | Mongolia (Khövsgöl Province)  |  | Shamanism → Dukha indigenous religion
Dutch | Indo-European → Germanic → Low Franconian;[note 2] Francosign → Dutch Sign | Netherlands |  | Christianity[note 27]
Dutch Afro-Caribbean | Indo-European → Romance → Portuguese and Spanish-based creoles → Papiamento | Aruba, Bonaire, Curacao, Saba, Sint Eustatius, Sint Maarten |  | Christianity → Catholicism
Dwe'e | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Nzime | Cameroon |  | Christianity
Dyula | Niger–Congo → Mande → Manding → Dyula | Burkina Faso, Ivory Coast, Mali |  | Islam → Sunni Islam
East Indian Catholics | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → East Indian Mahratti | India (Seven Islands of Bombay)  |  | Christianity → Catholicism
Ebira | Niger–Congo → Nupoid → Ebira | Nigeria (Kogi State)  |  | Islam
Edo | Niger–Congo → Edoid → Edo | Nigeria (Edo State)  | Ika, Emai | Christianity
Efik | Niger–Congo → Cross River → Ibibio-Efik → Efik | Nigeria (Cross River State)  |  | Christianity, Efik religion
Egyptians | Afro-Asiatic → Arabic → Egyptian Arabic, Afro-Asiatic → Arabic → Sa'idi Arabic, Egyptian Sign, formerly Afro-Asiatic → Egyptian → Ancient Egyptian | Egypt | Sa'idi | Islam → Sunni Islam
Ekari | Trans-New Guinea → Ekari | Indonesia (Wissel Lakes)  |  | Christianity
Ekoi | Niger–Congo → Bantoid → Jagham | Nigeria, Cameroon |  | Christianity, Ekoi religion
Elbegli | Turkic → Oghuz → Turkish | Turkey (Kilis, Gaziantep, Sivas), Syria (Aleppo), Iran (South Azerbaijan)[14][15] |  | Islam → Sunni Islam
Embera | Choco → Embera[note 2] | Colombia (Choco Department), Panama (Darien, Embera)  |  | Shamanism
Enets | Uralic → Samoyedic → Enets[note 2] | Russia (Krasnoyarsk Krai)  |  | Shamanism
English | Indo-European → Germanic → English, BANZSL → British Sign | United Kingdom (England, Little England beyond Wales)  | New Forest commoners, Berwickers | Christianity → Protestantism → Anglicanism
Erzyas | Uralic → Mordvinic → Erzya | Russia (Mordovia), Armenia (Gegharkunik Province)  | Shokshas, Erzya Molokans[16] | Christianity → Russian Orthodox, Protestantism → Lutheranism; Erzyas native religion
Esan | Niger–Congo → Edoid → Esan | Nigeria (Esanland)  |  | Christianity
Estonians | Uralic → Finnic → Estonian, Uralic → Finnic → South Estonian, Francosign → RSLic → Estonian Sign | Estonia, Setomaa (Estonia and Russia), Latvia (Ludza, Gauja)  | Setos, Võros, Hiiumaans, Saaremaans, Ludza Estonians, Gauja Estonians, with significant populations in Argentina, Australia, Canada, Finland, Georgia (including Abkhazia), the United States | Christianity → Protestantism → Lutheranism[note 27]
Eurasian Singaporeans | Indo-European → Germanic → English | Singapore |  | Christianity
Evenks | Tungusic → Northern Tungusic → Evenki, Tungusic → Northern Tungusic → Negidal | Russia, China | Negidals | Shamanism
Evens | Tungusic → Northern Tungusic → Even, Turkic → Siberian Turkic → Yakut | Russia (Kamchatka Krai, Magadan Oblast, Sakha)  |  | Shamanism
Ewe | Niger–Congo → Kwa → Gbe → Ewe | Togo, Ghana | Anlo Ewe, Waci | Christianity, West African Vodun
Falkland Islanders | Indo-European → Germanic → English → Falkland Islands English | British Overseas Territories (Falkland Islands)  |  | Christianity
Fang | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Fang | Equatorial Guinea (Rio Muni), Gabon |  | Christianity
Faroe Islanders | Indo-European → Germanic → Faroese, Indo-European → Germanic → Danish → Gøtudanskt | Danish Realm (Faroe Islands)  |  | Christianity → Protestantism → Lutheranism
Fijians[note 29] | Austronesian → Malayo-Polynesian → Fijian | Fiji | Fijian Americans, Fijian Australians, Fijian British | Christianity → Protestantism → Methodism
Finnish Tatars | Turkic → Kipchak → Tatar → Mishar Tatar, Indo-European → Slavic → Russian | Finland |  | Islam → Sunni Islam
Finns | Uralic → Finnic → Finnish, Meänkieli, Siberian Ingrian Finnish; Indo-European → Germanic → Finland Swedish; SSLic → FSLic[note 2] | Fennoscandia (Finland, Russia, Sweden, Norway)  | Forest Finns, Tornedalians, Ingrian Finns (including Siberian Finns (including Korlaks)), Savonians, Tavastians, Finns proper, Ostrobothnians, Finnish Karelians, Finland Swedes, Kainuu, and Murmansk Finns, along with significant populations in Sweden, Switzerland, Australia, United States (including Findians), Argentina, and Canada (including Findians).  | Christianity → Protestantism → Lutheranism
Fipa | Niger–Congo → Bantu (Zone M) → Fipa, Niger–Congo → Bantu → Mambwe-Lungu | Rukwa Region, Tanzania (Sumbawanga Rural District, Nkasi District)  |  | Christianity → Catholicism
Flemings | Indo-European → Germanic → Dutch → Flemish, Indo-European → Germanic → West Flemish, Indo-European → Germanic → Zeelandic, Francosign → Belgian Sign → Flemish Sign | Belgium (Flanders, Brussels), France (French Flanders), Netherlands (Zeelandic Flanders)  |  | Christianity → Catholicism
Fon | Niger–Congo → Kwa → Gbe → Fon | Dahomey (Benin)  |  | Christianity → Catholicism, West African Vodun
French | Indo-European → Romance → French, Francosign → French Sign | France |  | Christianity → Catholicism
French Afro-Caribbean | Indo-European → Romance → French → Antillean Creole | France (French West Indies), Dominica, Haiti, Saint Lucia | Guadeloupeans, Martinicans, Saint-Martinois, Barthelemois, Afro-French Guianans, Dominicans, Haitians, Saint Lucians | Christianity → Catholicism, Haitian Vodou
French Canadians | Indo-European → Romance → French → Canadian French, Francosign → French Sign and American Sign → Quebec Sign | Canada | Quebecois, Acadians (including Chiac), Franco-Terreneuvians, Franco-Ontariens, Franco-Manitobains, Fransaskois, Franco-Albertains, Franco-Colombiens, Franco-Yukonnais, Franco-Tenois, Franco-Nunavois, Brayons, Muskrat French, French-Canadian Americans | Christianity → Catholicism
French Louisianians | Indo-European → French Creole → Louisiana Creole, Indo-European → Romance → Louisiana French, Indo-European → Romance → French → Missouri French, Indo-European → Germanic → English → Cajun English, formerly Indo-European → French Creole → Alabama Creole | United States (Louisiana, Alabama, and Missouri)  | Louisiana Creoles (including Louisiana Cajuns and Louisiana Creoles of color), Alabama Creoles (including Alabama Cajuns), and Missouri Creoles | Christianity → Catholicism, Louisiana Voodoo
Frisians | Indo-European → Germanic → Frisian,[note 2] Indo-European → Germanic → East Frisian Low Saxon, Indo-European → Germanic → Dutch → West Frisian Dutch | Frisia (Netherlands, Germany, historically Denmark)  | Westlauwers Frisians, East Frisians, North Frisians, Saterland Frisians, with significant populations in the United States | Christianity → Protestantism → Calvinism, Christianity → Protestantism → Lutheranism[note 27][17]
Friulians | Indo-European → Romance → Friulian | Italy (Friuli)  |  | Christianity → Catholicism
Fula | Atlantic–Congo → Senegambian → Fula[note 2] | West Africa (Guinea, Senegal, Mali, Mauritania, Nigeria, Cameroon, Niger, Burkina Faso, Benin, Chad)[note 30] | Wodaabe, Maasina Fulfulde | Islam
Fur | Furan → Fur | Sudan (Darfur)  |  | Islam → Sunni Islam
Fuyu Kyrgyz | Turkic → Siberian Turkic → Fuyu Kyrgyz | Fuyu County (Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, China)  |  | Buddhism → Vajrayana → Tibetan Buddhism
Ga-Adangbe | Niger–Congo → Kwa → Ga–Dangme[note 2] | Greater Accra (Ghana)  | Ga, Adangbe | Christianity
Gabrieleños | Indo-European → Germanic → English, Indo-European → Romance → Spanish, Uto-Aztecan → Takic → Gabrieleno[note 31] |  |  | Native American religion, Christianity
Gade | Niger–Congo → Nupoid → Gade | Nigeria (Niger State)  |  |
Gagauz | Turkic → Oghuz → Gagauz | Moldova (Gagauzia, Taraclia, Basarabeasca), Ukraine (Budjak)  |  | Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy
Gajal | Turkic → Oghuz → Turkish, Indo-European → Slavic → Bulgarian | Bulgaria (Ludogorie), Turkey (East Thrace)  |  | Islam → Sunni Islam
Galela | West Papuan → North Halmahera → Galela | Indonesia (North Maluku)  |  | Islam, Christianity
Galicians | Indo-European → Romance → Galician, Indo-European → Romance → Spanish → Castrapo | Spain (Galicia)  | Couto Mistans | Christianity → Catholicism
Gamilaraay | Pama-Nyungan → Wiradhuric → Gamilaraay | Australia (New South Wales, Queensland)  |  | Alcheringa
Ganda | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Great Lakes → Luganda | Uganda (Buganda)  | Abayudaya | Christianity
Garhwalis | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Garhwali | India (Uttarakhand)  |  | Hinduism
Garifunas | Arawakan → Ta-Arawakan → Garifuna[note 32] | Saint Vincent and the Grenadines[note 33] | Significant populations in the United States | Christianity → Catholicism
Garos | Sino-Tibetan → Sal → Garo | India (Garo Hills)  |  | Christianity, Songsarek
Gaviao (Je) | Macro-Je → Je → Para Gaviao → Parkateje, Macro-Je → Je → Para Gaviao → Pykobje | Brazil (Pará, Maranhão)  | Parkateje, Pykobje | Animism
Gaviao (Rondonia) | Tupian → Monde → Gavião of Jiparaná | Brazil (Rondonia)  |  | Animism
Gayonese | Austronesian → Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands → Gayo | Indonesia (Bener Meriah, Central Aceh, and Gayo Lues Regencies)  |  | Islam
Gbagyi | Niger–Congo → Nupoid → Gwari | Nigeria |  | Traditional African religions
Gbaya | Niger–Congo → Ubangian → Gbaya[note 2] | Central African Republic, Cameroon | Bokoto, Kara, Buli (including Toongo), Ali, Mandja, Gbaya-Bossangoa, Bozom, Mbodomo, Gbanu, Bangandu | Islam
Gedeo | Afro-Asiatic → Cushitic → Gedeo | Ethiopia (Gedeo)  |  | Christianity → Protestantism → P'ent'ay
Gelao | Kra–Dai → Kra → Gelao[note 2][note 34] | China (Guizhou)  |  | Taoism, Buddhism
Georgians | Kartvelian languages,[note 2] Northeast Caucasian → Nakh → Bats, Georgian Sign | Georgia, Azerbaijan (Saingilo), Turkey (Artvin Province)  | Adjarians, Mingrelians, Svans, Tushetians, Meskhetians, Imerkhevians, Ingiloys, Bats,[note 35] with significant populations in Turkey (including Chveneburi, France, Belgium, Poland, Russia, Spain, Ukraine, the United States, and Iran | Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy
Germans | Indo-European → Germanic → High German,[note 2] Low German,[note 2] Limburgish; DGSic → German Sign | Germany, Austria, Belgium (Eupen-Malmedy)  | Bavarians, Swabians, Hessians, with significant populations in the United States, Canada, Brazil, Argentina, Mexico, Romania, Ukraine (including Black Sea Germans, Crimea Germans, Volhynia Germans, Russian Mennonites, Carpathian Germans)  | Christianity
Ghomaras | Afro-Asiatic → Berber → Ghomara | Morocco (Western Rif)  |  | Islam → Sunni Islam
Ghorbati | Indo-European → Iranian → Persian, Ghorbati[note 2] | Central Asia | Mugats | Islam → Shia Islam
Gibraltarians | Indo-European → Romance → Spanish → Llanito; Indo-European → Germanic → English → Gibraltarian English; BANZSL → British Sign[18] | British Overseas Territories (Gibraltar)  | Significant populations in the United Kingdom | Christianity → Catholicism
Gilaks | Indo-European → Iranian → Gilaki | Iran (Gilan)  |  | Islam → Twelver Shi’ism
Gitxsan | Tsimshianic → Nass–Gitksan → Gitxsan | Canada (Skeena Country)  |  | Native American religion
Gnawas |  | Morocco |  | Islam and Animism → Sufism and Animism → Gnawa religion
Goan Catholics | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Konkani → Goan Konkani | India (Goa)  |  | Christianity → Catholicism
Godoberis | Northeast Caucasian → Avar–Andic → Godoberi | Russia (Dagestan)  |  | Islam → Sunni Islam
Gogo | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Gogo | Tanzania (Dodoma Region)  |  | Christianity, African Traditional Religion
Gola | Niger–Congo → Gola | Liberia, Sierra Leone |  | Islam
Gonds | Dravidian → Gondi[note 2][note 36] | India (Gondwana)  | Godha, Madia Gonds, Muria, Koya | Hinduism, Koyapunem
Gorals | Indo-European → Slavic → Lechitic → Gorolski[note 37] | Southern Poland, northern Slovakia, Cieszyn Silesia (Poland, Czech Republic)  | Sącz Lachs, Silesian Gorals | Christianity → Catholicism, Christianity → Protestantism → Lutheranism
Gorani | Indo-European → Slavic → Torlakian → Gorani | Gora (Kosovo, Albania, North Macedonia)  |  | Islam → Sunni Islam
Gorontalo | Austronesian → Philippine → Gorontaloan | Indonesia (Gorontalo)  |  | Islam → Sunni Islam
Gosha | Niger-Congo → Bantu → Zigula → Mushunguli  | Somalia |  | Islam
Great Andamanese | Great Andamanese[note 2] | India (Great Andaman)  |  | Animism
Greeks | Indo-European → Hellenic;[note 2] Turkic → Kipchak → Urum, Turkish → Karamanli Turkish; Indo-European → Romance → Aromanian, Megleno-Romanian; Indo-European → Albanian → Arvanitika; Indo-European → Slavic → Macedo-Bulgarian;[note 2] Francosign → French Sign and American Sign → Greek Sign; Cypriot Sign | Greece, Cyprus, Albania (Northern Epirus), Ukraine (Crimea, Donetsk), Turkey (Cappadocia, Pontus, Istanbul), Italy (Magna Graecia), Bulgaria (Balkan Mountains, Rila, Northeastern Bulgaria), North Macedonia, and surrounding regions  | Greek Cypriots (including Greek Northern Cypriots), Asia Minor Greeks (including Pontic Greeks, Cappadocian Greeks (including Karamanlides), Constantinopolites, Ionian Greeks), Greek Muslims (including Vallahades, Cretan Muslims), Sarakatsani (including Karakachani), Souliotes, Azov Greeks (including Mariupol Greeks, Crimean Urums), Italiots (including Grikos and Grecanici), Macedonian Greeks, Tsakonians, Maniots, Karagounides, Mikrasiates [el], Phanariots, Egyptian Greeks, Caucasus Greeks, Sfakians, Slavophone Greeks, Corfiot Greeks, Melkites (including Antiochian Greeks, Jerusalemite Greeks, and Alexandrian Greeks) and also sizeable populations of Arvanites, Aromanians and Megleno-Romanians who identify as ethnic Greeks (including Helleno-Vlachs), along with significant populations in Albania (including Northern Epirotes (including Himariotes)), Turkey, Ukraine, Georgia, the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany, Australia, France, Italy, Malta, Armenia, Egypt, and Canada | Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy, Catholicism → Greek Byzantine Catholicism, formerly Hellenism, Neoplatonism, Greco-Roman Mysteries
Gros Ventre | Algic → Algonquian → Gros Ventre | United States (Montana)  |  | Sun Dance
Guajajara | Tupian → Tenetehara | Brazil (Maranhão)  |  | Shamanism, Santo Daime
Guan | Niger–Congo → Kwa → Guang[note 2] | Ghana (Brong-Ahafo and Volta Regions)  | Gonja, Kyode, Cherepon, Efutu, Anyanga, Larteh, Chumburung, Krache, Anum-Boso | Christianity
Guarani | Tupian → Guarani | Paraguay, Argentina (Misiones), Bolivia | Chiriguanos | Christianity → Catholicism
Gujarati | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Gujarati | India (Gujarat)  | Koli, Bharwad, Khoja, Patidar, Sunni Bohra, Lohana, Vagri, Kharva, Charan, Baria, Momna, Ghanchi, Shenva, Bhambi Khalpa, Zarabes, Bhoi, Gujarati Americans | Hinduism, Islam, Jainism
Gurjars | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Gujari | Primarily Pakistan and India, also Afghanistan at smaller numbers  | Khatana, Solanki, Parihar, Tanwar, Parmar, chandel, Chauhan, Bhadana, Bhatti, Kohli, Tomar, Panwar, Pawar, Bainsla, Bagri, Hans, etc.  | Islam, Hinduism, Sikhism
Gumuz | Bʼaga languages[note 2] | Ethiopia (Benishangul-Gumuz Region)  |  | Traditional African religion
Guna | Chibchan → Kuna | Panama (Guna Yala)  |  | Native American religion
Gurage | Afro-Asiatic → Ethiopic → Gurage,[note 2] formerly Afro-Asiatic → Ethiopic → Mesmes | Ethiopia (Guragia)  | Kistane, Zay, Inor, Mesqan, Muher Sebat Bet (including Chaha)  | Christianity
Gurindji | Pama–Nyungan → Ngumpin–Yapa → Gurindji, Pama–Nyungan and Indo-European → Gurindji and Australian Kriol → Gurindji Kriol | Australia (Northern Territory)  |  | Dreamtime
Gurma | Niger–Congo → Gur → Gourmanche | Gurmaland (Burkina Faso, Ghana)  | Ntcham, Bimoba | Islam
Gurungs | Sino-Tibetan → Gurung | Nepal, India (Sikkim, West Bengal)  |  | Buddhism → Vajrayana → Tibetan Buddhism, Bon, Hinduism
Gurunsi | Niger–Congo → Gur → Gurunsi[note 2] | Burkina Faso, Ghana, Togo | Lukpa, Kabye, Tem, Lamba, Delo, Bago-Kusuntu, Chala, Lyele, Nuna, Kalamse, Pana, Winye, Deg, Puguli, Paasaal, Sisaala, Chakali, Siti, Tamprusi, Vagla | Traditional African religions, Islam → Sunni Islam
Gwich'in | Na-Dene → Athabaskan → Gwich'in | Canada (Yukon Territory, Northwest Territories), United States (Alaska)  |  | Native American religion
Ha | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Ha | Tanzania (Kigoma Region)  |  | Animism
Hadiya | Afro-Asiatic → Cushitic → Hadiyya | Ethiopia (Hadiya)  |  | Islam
Hadza | Hadza language | Tanzania (Karatu District)  |  | Hadza mythology
Haida | Haida languages,[note 2] formerly Haida Jargon  | Canada (Haida Gwaii), United States (Prince of Wales Island)  | Kaigani Haida  | Haida Traditional Faith
Haisla | Wakashan → Haisla | Canada (British Columbia)  |  | Native American religion
Hän | Na-Dene → Athabaskan → Han | Canada (Yukon Territory), United States (Alaska)  |  | Native American religion
Han Chinese | Sino-Tibetan → Sinitic → Chinese;[note 2] CSLic languages;[note 2] JSLic → Taiwan Sign; Indo-European → Germanic → English → Manglish, Singlish, Hong Kong English; Austronesian → Malayic → Bazaar Malay → Baba Malay; Austronesian → Murutic–Papar–Tatana → Tatana; formerly Sino-Tibetan → Chinese → Ba–Shu; Indo-European → Germanic → English → Chinese Pidgin English; Indo-European → Slavic → Russian → Kyakhta Russian–Chinese Pidgin | China, Taiwan, Singapore, Myanmar (Kokang), Malaysia (Labuan, Sabah)  | Subei, Yue (including Cantonese, Punti, Taishanese (including Taishanese Hongkongers), Hongkongers (including Punti), Macau, and Namshun), Tankas (including Fuzhou Tankas), Màirén, Hui (including Panthays), Fujianese (including Fuzhounese, Hoklos, Hui'an maidens, Putianese, Fujianese Hongkongers, Fokien, and Teochew), Gaoshan Han, Gan, Tunbao, Pinghua (including Northern Pinghua and Southern Pinghua), Hakka (including Ngai (including Dan)), Hainanese, Hebei, Hunanese, Jianghuai, Shandong, Sichuanese, Wu (including Shanghainese, Ningbonese, and Wenzhounese), Kokang Chinese, Han Taiwanese (including Hoklo Taiwanese and Benshengren), Sino-Singaporeans (including Straits Chinese), Chin Haw, Hwagyo, Zhongum), along with significant populations in the United States (including Hoklos, Hongkongers, Fuzhounese Americans, and Hakkas), Mongolia, Malaysia (including Penangite Chinese, Straits Chinese, Sino-Natives (including Tatanas), and Peranakans (including Baba-Nyonya and Kiau–Seng)), Thailand, Indonesia (including Benteng), Myanmar, Canada (including Hongkongers), the Philippines (including Sangleys), Peru, Australia (including Hong Kong Australians), Vietnam (including Chinese Nùng and Ngai (including Dan)), Japan, Russia, France (including Chinois and Wenzhounese French), the United Kingdom (including Hong Kong Britons), South Africa, Italy, Bulgaria, Germany, Korea (including North Korea and South Korea), Fiji, Finland, Spain, India (including Zhongum), Laos, Brazil, the Netherlands (including Hongkongers), Argentina, Panama, Madagascar, Mauritius (including Namshun, Fokien, Hakka, and Sino-creoles), Seychelles, Venezuela, Cambodia (including Teochew, Cantonese Cambodians, Hainanese Cambodians, Hoklos, and Hakkas), Belgium, Denmark, Iran, Ireland, Israel, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, the Czech Republic, Chinese Bangladeshis, the Caribbean (including Cuba, the Dominican Republic, Haiti, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Trinidad and Tobago, Belize, Suriname, and Guyana), Chile, Costa Rica, Brazil, Nicaragua, Pakistan, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Portugal, Mozambique, Romania, Samoa, Serbia, Sri Lanka, Sweden, Turkey, the United Arab Emirates, Uruguay, Algeria, Angola, Botswana, Cameroon, Cape Verde, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Egypt, Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Lesotho, Libya, Malawi, Mali, Morocco, Namibia, Nigeria, the Republic of Congo, Senegal, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe, and New Zealand | Chinese folk religion, Buddhism → Chinese Buddhism, Taoism, Irreligion (see also Religion in China and Religion in Taiwan)
Hangaza | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Hangaza | Tanzania (Kagera Region)  |  | Christianity
Hani | Sino-Tibetan → Loloish → Hani | China (Yunnan)  |  | Animism
Harari | Afro-Asiatic → Semitic → Ethiopic → Harari | Ethiopia (Hararia)  |  | Islam → Sunni Islam
Haratins | Afro-Asiatic → Arabic → Maghrebi Arabic,[note 2] Afro-Asiatic → Berber[note 2] | Mauritania |  | Islam → Sunni Islam
Hausa | Afro-Asiatic → Chadic → Hausa | Hausaland (Niger, Nigeria, Ghana)  |  | Islam → Sunni Islam
Hawaiians | Austronesian → Polynesian → Hawaiian,[note 38] Indo-European → Germanic → English Creole → Hawaiian Pidgin, Hawaiʻi Sign, Hawaiʻi Sign and American Sign → Creole Hawaiʻi Sign | United States (Hawaii)  |  | Christianity, Hawaiian religion
Ḫawlan bin ʾAmir  | Afro-Asiatic → Semitic → Razihi, Faifi | Yemen (Saada Governorate), Saudi Arabia (Fifa Mountains)  | Razihis, Faifis | Islam → Shia Islam → Zaydism
Haya | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Haya | Tanzania (Kagera Region)  |  | Christianity, Ruhanga
Hazaras | Karluks → Indo-European → Persian → Hazaragi | Afghanistan (Hazarajat)  |  | Islam → Shia and Sunni
Hehe | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Hehe | Tanzania (Iringa Region)  |  | Christianity
Heiltsuk | Wakashan → Northern Wakashan → Heiltsuk–Oowekyala → Heiltsuk | Canada (Central Coast Regional District)  |  | Native American religion
Helong | Austronesian → Timoric → Helong | Indonesia (Kupang Regency, Semau Island, Flores Island)  |  | Christianity
Herero | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Herero | Namibia (Hereroland), Angola | OvaHimba, Ovambanderu | Christianity
Highland Travellers | Indo-European → Celtic → Scottish Gaelic → Beurla Reagaird | United Kingdom (Scottish Highlands)  |  | Christianity → Catholicism
Hindustani | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Hindustani | Hindustani Belt, Pakistan, Deccan, Old Dhaka | Urdu-speaking people, Muhajir, Deccanis, Hindi-speaking people | Hinduism, Islam
Hinukh | Northeast Caucasian → Tsezic → Hinuq | Russia (Tsuntinsky and Kizlyarsky districts)  |  | Islam → Sunni Islam
Hispanic Americans | Indo-European → Romance → Spanish → American Spanish | Hispanic America (Mexico, Colombia, Argentina, Peru, Venezuela, Chile, Ecuador, Guatemala, Bolivia, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Honduras, Paraguay, Nicaragua, El Salvador, Costa Rica, Panama, Uruguay), United States (Puerto Rico, Texas, New Mexico, California, Arizona, Colorado, Florida, Louisiana), Belize | Mexican (Northeastern Mexican, Northwestern Mexican, Baja Californian, Western Mexican, Abajeno, Central Mexican, Southern Mexican, Coastal Mexican, Chiapaneco, Yucateco, Basque-Mexican, Mexican-American), Colombian (Cundinamarqués, Bogotan, Boyacense, Santandereano, Huilense, Tolimense, Paisa, Caucano, Pastuso, Valluno, Llanero, Amazonian Colombian, Guajiro, Sabanero, Samario, Vallenato, Chochoano, Tumaqueño, Basque-Colombian, Colombian-American), Argentinian (North Argentinian, Guaranitic, Cuyano, Cordobes, Puntano, Litoraleno, Porteno, Patagonian, Basque-Argentinian, Argentinian-American), Peruvian (Ecuatorial Peruvian, Coastal Peruvian, Andean Peruvian, Amazonian Peruvian, Peruvian-American), Venezuelan (Amazonian Venezuelan, Llanero, Andean Venezuelan, Western Venezuelan, Eastern Venezuelan, Island Venezuelan, Caraqueno, Zuliano, Central Venezuelan, Venezuelan-American, Venezuelan-Colombian), Chilean (Chilean-American), Ecuadorian (Quiteno, Riobambeno, Cuencano, Lojano, Esmeraldeno, Manabita, Guayaco, Amazonian Ecuadorian, Ecuadorian-American), Guatemalan (Guatemalan-American), Bolivian (Bolivian-American), Cuban (Cuban-American), Dominican (Dominican-American), Honduran (Honduran-American), Paraguayan (Paraguayan-American), Nicaraguan (Nicaraguan-American), Salvadoran (Caliche, Lenca, Salvadoran-American), Costa Rican (Costa Rican-American), Panamanian (Panamanian-American), Uruguayan (Uruguayan-American), Islenos, Hispanic-Belizean, Puerto Rican, Hispanic Americans in the United States (Chicano, Nuyorican), colonial-era Hispanos in the US and their modern descendants (Tejanos, Californios, Nuevomexicanos, Floridanos, Isleños, Louisiana Spanish-Creoles), Spanish Americans (Asturian-American, Basque Americans, Catalan Americans, Canarian Americans, Galician Americans), along with significant populations in the United States, Spain, France, Canada, Italy, Japan, Germany, United Kingdom, Portugal, Australia and Sweden | Christianity → Catholicism
Hispanic Afro-Caribbeans | Indo-European → Romance → Spanish → American Spanish

Indo-European → Romance → Spanish-based creoles → Palenquero

| Hispanic Caribbean (Mexico, Caribbean Colombia, Venezuela, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Panama, Puerto Rico)  | Afro-Mexican, Caribbean Afro-Colombian (Palenquero), Afro-Venezuelan, Afro-Cuban (Ganga-Longoba), Afro-Dominican, Afro-Panamanian, Afro-Puerto Rican | Christianity → Catholicism, Santeria, Orisha, Yoruba, Vodou, Traditional African religion
Hmong | Hmong–Mien → Hmongic[note 2] | China (Guizhou)[note 39] | A-Hmao, Gha-Mu, Xong, Pa-Hng, Hmong Americans | Hmong folk religion
Hopi | Uto-Aztecan → Hopi | United States (Hopi Reservation)  |  | Christianity, Native American Church
Huli | Trans–New Guinea → Engan → Huli | Papua New Guinea (Southern Highlands Province)  |  | Christianity, Papuan religion
Hungarians | Uralic → Ugric → Hungarian, Francosign → Austro-Hungarian Sign → Hungarian Sign | Hungary, Romania (Székely Land, Csángó Land, Bukovina), and neighboring regions  | Palóc, Matyó, Magyarabs, Hungarian Cumans, Jasz, along with significant populations in Romania (including Szekelys (including Bukovina Szekelys) and Csangos), Slovakia, Serbia, Ukraine, Croatia, Slovenia, Austria, Germany, the United States, and Canada | Christianity → Catholicism, Eastern Catholicism → Hungarian Greek Catholicism, Hungarian Unitarianism
Hunzibs | Northeast Caucasian → Tsezic → Hunzib | Russia (Tsuntinsky District)  |  | Islam → Sunni Islam
Hutterites | Indo-European → Germanic → Hutterite German | Great Plains (United States, Canada)  | Schmiedeleut, Lehrerleut, Dariusleut | Christianity → Anabaptism
Hutu | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Great Lakes → Rwanda-Rundi[note 40] | Rwanda, Burundi, Democratic Republic of the Congo (Kivu)  |  | Christianity
Iatmul | Sepik → Iatmul | Papua New Guinea (East Sepik Province)  |  |
Iban | Austronesian → Malayic → Iban | Malaysia (Sarawak)  | Mualang | Christianity
Ibanag | Austronesian → Philippine → Cordilleran → Ibanag | Philippines (Isabela, Cagayan)  |  | Christianity → Catholicism
Ibibio | Niger–Congo → Cross River → Ibibio, Niger–Congo → Cross River → Anaang, Niger–Congo → Cross River → Eket,  | Nigeria (Akwa Ibom State)  | Eket, Anaang, Oron | Christianity
Icelanders | Indo-European → Germanic → Icelandic, Francosign → DTSic → Icelandic Sign | Iceland |  | Christianity → Protestantism → Lutheranism, Asartu
Idoma | Niger–Congo → Idomoid → Idoma | Nigeria (Benue State)  | Agatu, Alago, Yala | Christianity
Igbo | Niger–Congo → Igbo | Nigeria (Igboland)  | Anioma, Aro, Edda, Ekpeye, Etche, Ezaa, Ika, Ikwerre, Ikwo, Isu, Izzi, Mbaise, Mgbo, Ngwa, Nri-Igbo, Ogba, Ohafia, Ohuhu, Onitsha-Ado, Ukwuani, Waawa, Igbo Jews | Christianity, Odinala
Igede | Niger–Congo → Idomoid → Igede | Nigeria (Benue State)  |  | Christianity
Igorot | Austronesian → Philippine → Cordilleran[note 2] | Philippines (Cordillera Administrative Region)  | Balangao, Bontoc, Ibaloi, Ifugao (including Kalanguya), Isnag, Kalinga, Kankanaey | Anitism
Ijaw | Niger–Congo → Ijaw[note 2] | Nigeria (Rivers, Bayelsa, and Delta States)  | Bille, Engenni, Ibani, Kalabari, Kula, Nkoro, Nkoroo, Obolo | Christianity
Ili Turks | Turkic → Karluk → Ili Turki | China (Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture), Kazakhstan |  | Islam → Sunni Islam
Ilocano | Austronesian → Philippine → Cordilleran → Ilocano | Philippines (Ilocos Region)  |  | Christianity → Catholicism
Imraguen | Afro-Asiatic → Arabic → Hassaniya Arabic → Imraguen | Mauritania, Western Sahara |  | Islam → Sunni Islam
Indos | Indo-European → Germanic → Dutch, Austronesian → Malayo-Polynesian → Malay → Indonesian | Indonesia |  | Christianity
Indo-Caribbeans | Indo-European → Germanic → English → English Creole; Indo-European → Romance → Spanish → Caribbean Spanish; Indo-European → Romance → French → French Creole; Indo-European → Germanic → Dutch → Surinamese Dutch; Indo-European → Romance → Portuguese → Papiamento; Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Hindustani → Caribbean Hindustani; Dravidian → Tamiloid → Tamil | Caribbean | Indo-Barbadians, Indo-Dominicans, Indo-Grenadians, Indo-Guadeloupeans, Indo-Haitians, Indo-Jamaicans, Indo-Martiniquais, Indo-Kittitians and Indo-Nevisians, Indo-Saint Lucians, Indo-Trinidadian and Tobagonians, Indo-Vincentians, Indo-Belizeans, Indo-Guyanese, Indo-Surinamese, with significant populations in the United States and the United Kingdom | Hinduism, Christianity, Islam, Sikhism, Jainism, Buddhism, Zoroastrianism, Baháʼí
Indo-Fijians | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Hindustani → Fiji Hindi; Indo-European → Germanic → English, Dravidian → Tamiloid → Tamil; Austronesian → Malayo-Polynesian → Oceanic → Fijian | Fiji | Significant populations in Australia, New Zealand, United States, Canada, and United Kingdom | Hinduism, Islam, Christianity, Sikhism
Indo-Mauritians | Indo-European → Romance → French-based creoles → Mauritian Creole; Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Bhojpuri; Dravidian → Tamiloid → Tamil | Mauritius |  | Hinduism, Islam
Indus Kohistanis | Indo-European → Dardic → Indus Kohistani | Pakistan (Kohistan)  |  | Islam → Sunni Islam
Ingushes | Northeast Caucasian → Nakh → Ingush | Russia (Ingushetia)  |  | Islam → Sunni Islam → Shafi'i
Innu | Algic → Algonquian → Innu-aimun, Naskapi | Canada (Nitassinan)  | Naskapi (including Kawawachikamach Naskapi, Mushuau Naskapi), Nutashkuan Innu, Ekuanitshit Innu, Mushuau Innu, Sheshatshiu Innu, Matimekush-Lac John Innu, Uashat–Mani-Utenam Innu, Essipit Innu, Pekuakamiulnuatsh Innu, Pessamit Innu, Pakuashipi Innu, Unamenshipit Innu | Animism
Inuit | Eskaleut → Inuit,[note 2] Inuit Sign language | Danish Realm (Greenland), Canada (Inuit Nunangat), United States (Alaska)  | Greenlanders (including Kalaallit, Tunumiit, Inughuit and Greenlandic Danes), Inupiat (including Nunamiut), Inuktitut, Inuvialuit, Iglulik Inuit (including Aivilingmiut)  | Christianity, Inuit religion
Iranis | Indo-European → Iranian → Zoroastrian Dari | India |  | Zoroastrianism
Iranun | Austronesian → Philippine → Iranun | Philippines (Mindanao)  |  | Islam → Sunni Islam
Iraqi Turkmen | Turkic → Oghuz → Iraqi Turkmen | Iraq (Turkmeneli)  |  | Islam → Sunni Islam, Shia Islam
Iraqw | Afro-Asiatic → Cushitic → Iraqw | Tanzania |  | Christianity
Irish | Indo-European → Celtic → Irish, Indo-European → Germanic → English → Hiberno-English, Francosign → Irish Sign, BANZSL → British Sign → Northern Ireland Sign | Ireland | Irish Catholics, Significant populations of Irish diaspora around the World such as in United States (including Scotch-Irish Americans), United Kingdom (including Ulster Scots people) Canada (including Scotch-Irish Canadians), Australia, New Zealand, Mainland Europe, Mexico, Argentina, Chile, Uruguay, Puerto Rico, and India | Christianity → Catholicism and Protestantism
Irish Travellers | Indo-European → Irish and English → Shelta, Francosign → Irish Sign | Ireland | Significant populations in the United Kingdom, and the United States | Christianity → Catholicism
Isan | Kra–Dai → Tai → Lao → Isan | Thailand (Isan)  |  | Buddhism → Theravada Buddhism
Isoko | Niger–Congo → Edoid → Isoko | Nigeria (Isoko region)  |  | Christianity
Istro-Romanians | Indo-European → Romance → Istro-Romanian | Croatia (Istria)  |  | Christianity → Catholicism
Italians | Indo-European → Romance → Italian, Indo-European → Slavic → Slavomolisano, Indo-European → Romance → Istriot, Indo-European → Romance → Ligurian, Francosign → LISic → Italian Sign, formerly Indo-European → Romance → Dalmatian | Italy, France (Nice), Croatia (Dalmatia, Croatian Istria), Montenegro (Dalmatia), Slovenia (Slovenian Istria)  | Molise Croats,[19] Dalmatian Italians, Istrian Italians, Niçard Italians, with significant populations in the United States, Canada, Somalia, Libya, the United Kingdom, France, Germany, Romania, Croatia, Ethiopia, Brazil, Argentina, Uruguay, Chile.  | Christianity → Catholicism
Itawes | Austronesian → Philippine → Cordilleran → Itawis | Philippines (Cagayan Valley)  |  | Christianity → Catholicism
Itelmens | Chukotko-Kamchatkan → Kamchatkan → Itelmen | Russia (Kamchatka Peninsula)  |  | Shamanism
Izhorians | Uralic → Finnic → Ingrian | Russia (Ingria)  |  | Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy
Jadgals | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Jadgali | Balochistan (Pakistan (Balochistan), Iran (Sistan and Baluchestan)), Oman | Sardarzahi, Bizenjo, Zehri, Sasoli, Mengal, Mir, Hoot  | Islam → Sunni Islam
Jamaican Maroons | Indo-European → Germanic → English → Jamaican Patois, Jamaican Maroon Creole | Jamaica |  | Kumfu
Jambian | Austronesian → Jambian | Indonesia (Jambia)  | Batin | Sunni Islam
Japanese/Yamato | Japonic → Japanese,[note 2][note 42] Hachijō; JSLic → Japanese Sign; Miyakubo Sign Language | Japan | Kantō, Kansai, Hokkaido, Tōhoku, Hōnichi, Satsugū, Chūgoku, Echigo, Tōkai, Shinshuu, Hokuriku, Hachijō, Miyakubo, Tsugaru, and Nikkei Brazilians in Japan, along with significant populations in Brazil, the United States (including Hawaii), Canada, the Caribbean (including Cuba, the Dominican Republic, and Jamaica), Mexico, Argentina, Uruguay, Venezuela, France, Germany, Russia, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, China (including Hong Kong), Belgium (including Brussels), Spain, Turkey, Bolivia, Colombia, Paraguay, Peru, Chile, Egypt, India, Indonesia, North Korea, South Korea, Malaysia, Nepal, New Zealand, Australia, Pakistan, the Solomon Islands, Sri Lanka, Vietnam, South Africa, Singapore, the Federated States of Micronesia, Kiribati, the Marshall Islands, Palau, Thailand, Papua New Guinea, the United Arab Emirates, and the Philippines.  | Irreligion, Shinto, Tenrikyo, Buddhism;[note 43] Christianity → Catholicism → Kakure and Hanure Krishitanity
Jarai | Austronesian → Chamic → Jarai | Vietnam (Central Highlands)  |  | Animism
Jarawas | Ongan → Jarawa | India (South Andaman, Middle Andaman)  |  | Animism
Javanese | Austronesian → Javanesic[note 2] | Indonesia (Java)  | Osing, Tenggerese, Boyanese, Banyumasan, along with significant populations in Malaysia, Suriname, China, Sri Lanka, French Guiana, New Caledonia, and Saudi Arabia | Islam → Sunni Islam
Jeks | Northeast Caucasian → Lezgic → Jek | Azerbaijan (Mount Shahdagh)  |  | Islam → Sunni Islam
Channel Islanders  | Indo-European → Romance → Norman, Indo-European → Germanic → English → Channel Island English | British Crown Dependencies (Channel Islands)  | Jèrriais (including Sercquiais), Guernésiais, Auregnais | Christianity
Jerusalemite Greek Christians | Afro-Asiatic → Arabic → Levantine Arabic, historically Indo-European → Hellenic | Israel, Palestine, Jordan |  | Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy → Greek Orthodoxy → Greek Orthodox Church of Jerusalem, Catholicism → Melkite Catholicism
Jews | Afro-Asiatic → Canaanite → Hebrew → Modern Hebrew,[note 44] Jewish languages,[note 2][note 45] DGSic → Israeli Sign, formerly Indo-European → Romance → Zarphatic, Indo-European → Romance → Judaeo-Portuguese, Indo-European → Slavic → Knaanic | Israel[note 46] | Ashkenazim (including Galitzianers, Yekkes, Chuts, Unterlander Jews, Oberlander Jews, Litvaks, Afrikaner-Jews, Udmurt and Tatar Jews), Assyrian Jews, Sephardim (including Eastern Sephardim, North African Sephardim, Maroka'im, Algerian Jews, Tunisian Jews, Libyan Jews, Amazonian Jews, Iberian Jews, Sephardic Bnei Anusim, Xuetes, and Toshavim), Mizrahim (including Bukharim, Juhurim, Kurdim, Syrian Jews, Arab Jews, Afghan Jews, Baghdadi Jews, Teimanim (including Rechabites, Baladi Jews, Shami Jews, and Rambamists), Sharʿabi Jews, Habbanim, Banu al-Harith, Adeni Jews, Persim, Mashhadi Jews, and Kaifeng Jews), Astrakhan Jews, Beta Israel (including Beta Abraham and Falash Mura), Italkim (including San Nicandro Jews and Italian Rite Jews), Rusape Jews, Romaniotes, Constantinopolitan Karaites, Bavlim, Crimean Karaites, Krymchaks, Gruzim, Benei Sion, Bene Israel, Banu Israil, Kochinim, Paradesi, Lishanid Noshan, Israeli Jews, B'nai Moshe, Bnei Menashe, Urfalim, Meshuchrarim, Abayudaya, Shaposhniki, Karaimites, African-American Jews, Desi Jews, Igbo Jews, Levites (including Kohen), and Bene Ephraim, along with significant populations in the United States (including Syrian Jews and Puerto Rican Jews), Canada, Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay, Russia, Belarus, the Czech lands, Ukraine, Moldova, Romania, Bulgaria, Poland, Turkey, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Austria, Italy, Greece, Switzerland, Belgium, Iraq, Denmark, the Netherlands, France, Monaco, the United Kingdom, Peru, South Africa, Australia, India (including Sephardim) and New Zealand | Judaism
Jingpo | Sino-Tibetan → Sal → Jingpho | China (Yunnan), India (Northeast India), Myanmar (Kachin State)  |  | Animism
Jita |  | Tanzania (Mara Region)  |  | Christianity, Ethnic Religion
Jola | Niger–Congo → West Atlantic → Senegambian → Jola[note 2] | Senegal (Jolaland)  | Banjaal, Bayot, Gusilay, Fogni, Karon, Kasa, Kuwaataay, Mlomp | Traditional African religions
Jukun | Niger–Congo → Jukun Takum[note 47] | Nigeria (Wukari)  | Wannu | Traditional African religions
Kabyle | Afro-Asiatic → Berber → Kabyle | Algeria (Kabylia)  |  | Islam → Sunni Islam
Kadazan-Dusun | Austronesian → Malayo-Polynesian → Dusunic[note 2] | Malaysia (Sabah)  | Kadazan, Dusun, Dumpas, Ida'an, Kwijau, Lotud, Mangka'ak, Maragang, Minokok, Orang Sungai, Rumanau, Rungus, Tambanuo | Christianity, Momolianism
Kafwe Twa | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Tonga | Zambia (Kafue Flats)  |  | Traditional African religion
Kaguru | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Kagulu | Tanzania (Ukaguru Mountains)  |  |
Kaingang | Macro-Je → Je → Kaingang[note 2] | Brazil (Paraná, Santa Catarina, Rio Grande do Sul, Sao Paulo)  |  | Shamanism
Kalanga | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Shona → Kalanga | Zimbabwe, Botswana | Nambya | Christianity
Kalash | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Kalasha | Pakistan (Chitral District)  |  | Kalasha
Kalenjin | Nilo-Saharan → Nilotic → Kalenjin[note 2] | Kenya (Rift Valley Province)  | Keiyo, Tugen, Marakwet, Nandi, Kipsigis, Sabaot, Pokoot, Terik | Christianity
Kalinago | Indo-European → Germanic → English,[note 48] Arawakan → Ta-Arawakan → Kalinago → Garifuna, Vincentian Creole | Lesser Antilles |  | Christianity → Catholicism
Kalmyks | Mongolic → Central Mongolic → Oirat → Kalmyk Oirat, Sart Kalmyk | Russia (Kalmykia), Kyrgyzstan (Issyk-Kul Region)  | Sart Kalmyks, Buzava | Buddhism → Tibetan Buddhism
Kaluli | Trans-New Guinea → Kaluli | Papua New Guinea (Great Papuan Plateau)  |  | Papuan religion
Kamba | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Kamba | Kenya (Ukambani)  |  | Christianity
Kamentsa | Camsa language | Colombia (Putumayo)  |  | Christianity
Kanaks | Austronesian → Kanak[note 2] | France (Kanakia)  | Haveke, Ajie, Arha, Xaragure, Haeke | Christianity → Catholicism
Kannadigas | Dravidian → Kannadoid → Kannada | India (Karnataka)  | Vokkaliga | Hinduism, Jainism
Kanuri | Nilo-Saharan → Saharan → Kanuri | Kanuriland (Nigeria, Niger, Chad, Cameroon)  | Kanembu, Yerwa Kanuri | Islam
Kao people [id] | West Papuan → North Halmahera → Kao; West Papuan → North Halmahera → Modole | Indonesia (Kao Land [id])  | Pagu, Modole people [id], Boeng, Towiliko  | Christianity, Islam, Animism
Kapampangans | Austronesian → Philippine → Kapampangan | Philippines (Pampanga)  |  | Christianity → Catholicism, Iglesia ni Cristo, Anitism
Kapsiki | Afro-Asiatic → Chadic → Kapsiki | Mandara Mountains (Nigeria, Cameroon)  |  | Islam
Karamanlides | Turkic → Oghuz → Turkish → Karamanli Turkish | Turkey (Karaman Province, Cappadocia)[27] |  | Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy → Greek Orthodoxy → Turkish Orthodox Church
Karachays | Turkic → Kipchak → Karachay | Russia (Karachay-Cherkessia)  |  | Islam → Sunni Islam
Karakalpaks | Turkic → Kipchak → Karakalpak | Uzbekistan (Karakalpakstan)  | Qon'ırat, On To'rt Urıw  | Islam → Sunni Islam
Karatas | Northeast Caucasian → Avar–Andic → Karata | Russia (Dagestan)  |  | Islam → Sunni Islam
Karategin Uzbeks | Turkic → Karluk → Southern Uzbek | Afghanistan |  | Islam → Sunni Islam
Karbi | Sino-Tibetan → Kuki-Chin–Naga → Karbic[note 2] | India (Karbi Anglong district)  | Amri | Hinduism, Animism
Karelians | Uralic → Finnic → Karelian, Uralic → Finnic → Ludic, Uralic → Finnic → Livvi-Karelian | Karelia (Finland, Russia)  | Tver Karelians, Olonets Karelians | Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy
Karen | Sino-Tibetan → Karenic[note 2] | Myanmar (Karen State, Kayah State, Pa'O Self-Administered Zone), Thailand | S'gaw Karen, Pwo Karen, Karenni (including Kayan), Pa'O | Buddhism → Theravada Buddhism
Karuk | Karuk language | United States (California)  |  | Christianity
Kashmiris | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Dardic → Kashmiri | Kashmir (India, Pakistan)  | Kashmiri Hindus (including Kashmiri Pandits), Kashmiris in Punjab | Islam → Sunni Islam, Hinduism, Sikhism
Kashubians | Indo-European → Slavic → Kashubian, formerly Indo-European → Slavic → Slovincian | Poland (Kashubia)  | Krubans, Slovincians, and Gochans, along with significant populations in the United States | Christianity → Catholicism
Kaska Dena | Na-Dene → Athabaskan → Kaska | Canada (British Columbia, Yukon Territory)  |  | Native American religion
Kassena | Atlantic–Congo → Gur → Kasena | Ghana (Kassena-Nankana), Burkina Faso |  | Kassena religion
Kawesqar | Alacalufan → Kawesqar | Chile (Chilean Patagonia, Wellington Island)  |  | Christianity → Protestantism
Kayapo | Macro-Je → Je → Kayapo | Brazil (Pará, Mato Grosso)  |  |
Kazakhs | Turkic → Kipchak → Kazakh | Kazakhstan | Uly juz, Orta juz, Kishi juz. Significant populations in China, Iran, Canada, the United States, and Russia | Islam → Sunni Islam
Kemak | Austronesian → Timoric → Kemak | Indonesia (West Timor), East Timor |  | Folk religion, Christianity
Kereks | Chukotko-Kamchatkan → Chukotkan → Kerek | Russia (Chukotka)  |  | Shamanism
Keres | Keresan languages,[note 2] Keresan Sign Language | United States (Sandoval County and Cibola County, New Mexico)  | Eastern Keres (including Dámáyámʾé, Dîiwʾamʾé, Katishtya, Kʾúutìimʾé, Tsʾíiyʾamʾé) Western Keres (including Áakʾùumʾé, Kʾáwáigamʾé)  |
Kerewe | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Kerewe | Tanzania (Ukerewe Island)  |  |
Kerincian | Austronesian → Kerincian | Indonesia (Kerincia)  |  | Sunni Islam
Ket | Yeniseian → Northern Yeniseian → Ket | Russia (Krasnoyarsk Krai)  |  | Shamanism
Khakas | Turkic → Siberian Turkic → Khakas | Russia (Khakassia)  |  | Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy → Russian Orthodoxy, Shamanism → Tengrism
Khalaj | Turkic → Common Turkic → Khalaj | Iran |  |
Khanty | Uralic → Ugric → Khanty[note 2] | Russia (Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug)  |  |
Khas |  | Nepal, India (Uttarakhand, Sikkim, Assam, West Bengal)  | Chhetri, Thakuri, Rana, Vaisya, Kami, Damai, Sarki, Sunar, Gandarbha | Hinduism
Khasi | Austroasiatic → Khasi–Palaungic → Khasic[note 2] | India (Meghalaya)  | Pnar | Christianity
Khinalugs | Northeast Caucasian → Khinalug | Azerbaijan (Khinalug)  |  | Islam → Sunni Islam
Khmer | Austroasiatic → Khmer | Cambodia, Mekong Delta, Isan | Northern Khmer people, Khmer Krom and Significant populations in the United States | Buddhism → Theravada Buddhism
Khoja |  |  | Significant population in East Africa | Islam → Shia Islam → Ismaili'sm → Nizari Isma'ilism
Khonds | Dravidian → Kui | India (Kandhamal)  |  | Hinduism
Khorasani Turks | Turkic → Oghuz → Khorasani Turkic | Iran (Khorasan)  |  | Islam → Shia Islam
Khwarshi | Northeast Caucasian → Tsezic → Khwarshi | Russia (Tsumadinsky District)  |  | Islam → Sunni Islam
Kickapoo | Algic → Algonquian → Kickapoo | United States (Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas), Mexico (Coahuila, Sonora, Durango)  | Tribu Kikapú, Kickapoo Tribe in Kansas, Kickapoo Traditional Tribe of Texas, Kickapoo Tribe of Oklahoma
Kiga | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Kiga | Uganda, Rwanda |  | Christianity → Catholicism, Christianity → Protestantism
Kikuyu | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Kikuyu | Kenya (Central Province)  |  | Christianity
Kilba | Afro-Asiatic → Chadic → Huba | Nigeria (Hong)  |  | Christianity
Kinga | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Kinga | Tanzania (Kipengere Range)  |  | Christianity, Traditional African religion
Kiowa | Tanoan → Kiowa | United States (Oklahoma)  |  | Christianity, Native American Church
Kirantis | Sino-Tibetan → Kiranti[note 2] | Nepal (Eastern Region)  | Limbu, Sunuwar, Yakkha (including Athpare), Rai (including Kulung, Bantawa, and Bahing)  | Kirat Mundhum
Kiribati | Austronesian → Malayo-Polynesian → Oceanic → Micronesian → Gilbertese | Gilbert Islands (Kiribati)  |  | Christianity, Baháʼí Faith
Kissi | Niger–Congo → West Atlantic → Mel → Kissi | Guinea, Sierra Leone |  | Christianity
Klallam | Salishan → Coast Salish → Klallam | United States (Olympic Peninsula, Kitsap Peninsula), Canada (Vancouver Island)  | Lower Elwha Klallam, Jamestown S'Klallam, Port Gamble S'Klallam, Scia'new Klallam |
Koches | Sino-Tibetan → Sal → Koch | India (Assam, Meghalaya), northern Bangladesh |  | Animism
Kodava | Dravidian → Tamil–Kodava–Urali → Kodava | India (Kodagu, Bangalore, Mysore)  |  | Hinduism
Kofyar | Afro-Asiatic → Chadic → Kofyar | Nigeria (Plateau State)  |  | Traditional African religions
Komi | Uralic → Permic → Komi | Russia (Komi Republic, Permyakia)  | Komi-Zyrians, Komi-Permyaks, Izhma Komi | Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy
Konda Reddis | Dravidian → South-Central Dravidian → Telugu | India (Andhra Pradesh, Odisha, Tamil Nadu)  |  |
Kongo | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Kongo | Kongoland (Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Angola)  | Lari, Vili, Yombe, Suundi, Dondo, Hangala, Kugni, Manyanga, Beembe | Christianity, Kongo religion
Konjo | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Konjo | Rwenzori Mountains (Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda)  | Nande | Christianity
Konkani | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Konkani | India (Konkan)  |  | Hinduism
Konso | Afro-Asiatic → Cushitic → Konso | Ethiopia (Konso)  |  | Traditional African religions
Koreans | Koreanic languages,[note 2] JSLic → Korean Sign | Korea (North Korea, South Korea), China (Jilin, Xi'an District)  | North Koreans (including in South Korea), South Koreans, Jeju Islanders, Koryo-saram, Sakhalin Koreans, Zainichi Koreans, Chaoxianzu (including in Japan and Korea) and along with significant populations in the United States, Canada, Mexico, Cuba, Guatemala, Russia (including North Koreans, Koryo-saram, and Sakhalin Koreans), China, Japan (including Zainichi Koreans and Chaoxianzu), Vietnam, Thailand, Singapore, the Philippines, Indonesia, Mongolia, Iran, Nepal, Taiwan, Sri Lanka, India, the Arab world, Africa (including South Africa), Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, Venezuela, Australia, Ukraine, New Zealand, Micronesia, Peru, Chile, Uruguay, Germany, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, and the Czech Republic | Christianity[note 27] → Protestantism and Catholicism, Buddhism → Mahayana Buddhism → Korean Buddhism, Korean shamanism, Cheondoism, Unification Church, Juche
Koryaks | Chukotko-Kamchatkan → Chukotkan → Koryak | Russia (Koryak Okrug)  |  | Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy, Shamanism
Kosraeans | Austronesian → Malayo-Polynesian → Oceanic → Micronesian → Kosraean | Federated States of Micronesia (Kosrae)  |  | Christianity
Koyukon | Na-Dene → Athabaskan → Koyukon | United States (Alaska)  |  |
Kpelle | Niger–Congo → Mande → Kpelle | Liberia, Guinea |  | Traditional African religions
Kposo | Niger–Congo → Kwa → Ghana–Togo Mountain → Kposo | Togo (Plateaux), Ghana |  | Christianity → Catholicism
Kraho | Macro-Je → Je → Kraho | Brazil (Terra Indigena Kraolandia)  |  |
Kristang | Indo-European → Portuguese-based creoles → Kristang | Malaysia, Singapore |  | Christianity → Catholicism
Kru | Niger–Congo → Kru[note 2] | Liberia (Grand Kru and Maryland Counties)  | Aizi, Bete, Bakwe, Grebo, Krahn (including Sapo), Kuwaa | Christianity
Kryts | Northeast Caucasian → Lezgic → Kryts | Azerbaijan |  | Islam → Sunni Islam
Kulin | Pama-Nyungan → Kulinic → Kulin | Australia (Victoria)  |  | Alcheringa
Kumandins | Turkic → Siberian Turkic → Northern Altai → Kumandy  | Russia (Altai Krai, Altai Republic)  |  | Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy → Russian Orthodoxy
Kumaonis | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Kumaoni | India (Uttarakhand (Kumaon)), Nepal (Doti)  | Johari, Askoti, Bhabhri, Danpuriya, Gangoli, Khasparjiya, Kumaiyya, Pachhai, Phaldakotiya, Rhau-Chaubyansi, Sirali, Soriyali  | Hinduism, Buddhism
Kumyks | Turkic → Kipchak → Kumyk | Russia (Kumykia)  |  | Islam → Sunni Islam
Kumzari | Indo-European → Iranian → Kumzari | Oman (Kumzar)  |  | Islam → Ibadi Islam, Sunni Islam
Kunama | Nilo-Saharan → Kunama | Eritrea, Ethiopia |  | Christianity → Oriental Orthodoxy
Kurds | Indo-European → Iranian → Kurdish,[note 2] Indo-European → Indo-Iranian → Zaza–Gorani,[note 2] Turkic → Oghuz → Khorasani Turkic, Kurdish Sign language | Kurdistan (Iraq (Southern Kurdistan), Iran (Eastern Kurdistan, Khorasan, Golestan), Syria (Western Kurdistan), Turkey (Northern Kurdistan)), South Caucasus (Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia)  | Bajalan, Zazas, Feylis, Iranian Laks, Chechen Kurds, Yazidis, Yarsanis, Kurdish Christians, Shabaks, Sheylanli, Chalabianlu, Muzuri, Caucasian Kurds, Khorasani Kurds along with significant populations in Iraq (including Yazidis), Iran, Syria (including Yazidis), Turkey (including Yazidis), Armenia (including Yazidis), Georgia (including Yazidis), Azerbaijan, France, Palestine, Kazakhstan, and Germany (including Yazidis)  | Islam → Sunni Islam → Sufism → Naqshbandi, Qadiriyya; Islam → Alevism → Kurdish Alevism; Yazidism; Yarsanism; Zoroastrianism
Kuria | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Kuria | Kenya, Tanzania |  | Traditional African religions, Christianity
Kurukh | Dravidian → Kurukh | India (Chota Nagpur Plateau)  | Kisan | Sarnaism, Christianity, Hinduism
Kuteb | Niger–Congo → Jukunoid → Kuteb | Nigeria (Taraba State)  |  | Christianity
Kuwarranyji | Pama–Nyungan → Ngumpin–Yapa → Mudburra → Kuwarranyji  | Australia (Northern Territory)  |  |
Kvens | Uralic → Finnic → Finnish → Kven | Norway (Northern Norway)  |  |
Kwakwaka'wakw | Wakashan → Northern Wakashan → Kwak'wala | Canada (British Columbia)  |  | Native American religion
Kwaya | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Kwaya | Tanzania (Mara Region)  |  |
Kwere | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Kwere | Tanzania (Bagamoyo District)  |  |
Kwinti | Indo-European → Germanic → English → Kwinti | Suriname |  | Christianity → Moravian Church
Kyrgyz | Turkic → Kipchak → Kyrgyz, Mongolic → Central Mongolic → Oirat → Sart Kalmyk | Kyrgyzstan | Sart Kalmyks, significant populations in Turkey | Islam → Sunni Islam → Hanafi, Tengrism
Ladins | Indo-European → Romance → Ladin | Italy (Ladinia)  |  |
Laks | Northeast Caucasian → Lak | Russia (Lakia)  |  | Islam → Sunni Islam
Lamaholot | Austronesian → Flores–Lembata → Lamaholot | Indonesia (Solor)  |  | Christianity → Catholicism
Lampungs | Austronesian → Lampung | Indonesia (Lampung)  |  | Islam
Lani | Trans-New Guinea → Western Dani | Indonesia (Central Papua, Highland Papua)  |  | Christianity, Animism
Lao | Kra–Dai → Tai → Lao | Laos |  | Buddhism → Theravada Buddhism, Satsana Phi
Larrakia | Larrakia | Australia (Northern Territory)  |  | Alcheringa
Latvians | Indo-European → Baltic → Latvian, Latgalian; Francosign → Russian Sign → Latvian Sign | Latvia, Russia (Zelenogradsky District, Arch-Latvian Selsoviet, Nizhnyaya Bulanka), Lithuania (Klaipėda County)  | Latgalians, Kursenieki, Selonians | Christianity → Protestantism → Lutheranism
Laz | Kartvelian → Zan → Laz[note 49] | Lazistan (Turkey, Georgia)  | Turkish Laz, Georgian Laz | Islam → Sunni Islam
Lega | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Lega | Democratic Republic of the Congo |  | Traditional African religions
Lemba | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Venda, Niger–Congo → Bantu → Shona | Zimbabwe, South Africa, Malawi, Mozambique |  | Christianity, Islam, Judaism
Lenape | Algic → Algonquian → Munsee, formerly Algic → Algonquian → Unami | United States, Canada | Munsee (including Christian Munsee (including Delaware Nation at Moraviantown), Stockbridge Munsee, Munsee-Delaware Nation), Delaware Nation, Delaware Tribe of Indians, Lenape Indian Tribe of Delaware, Delaware of Six Nations, Nanticoke Lenni-Lenape, Ramapough Mountain Indians | Traditional Lenape religion
Lenca | Macro-Chibchan → Lencan, Indo-European → Romance → Spanish → Honduran Spanish, Salvadoran Spanish | Honduras, El Salvador |  | Christianity → Catholicism, Sovereign Tribal Custom
Lezgins | Northeast Caucasian → Lezgic → Lezgian | Lezgistan (Russia, Azerbaijan)  |  | Islam → Sunni Islam
Lhoba | Adi, Bokar, Idu Mishmi[note 50] | China (Tibet), India (Arunachal Pradesh)  | Nishi, Na, Galo, Mishmi people, Tagin, Adi | Animism, Buddhism, Christianity
Lhotshampa | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Nepali | Bhutan |  | Hinduism, Buddhism
Li | Kra–Dai → Hlai[note 2] | China (Hainan)  |  | Islam → Sunni Islam
Limba | Niger–Congo → Limba | Sierra Leone (Bombali and Koinadugu Districts)  |  | Christianity
Lipka Tatars | Indo-European → Slavic → Belarusian, Polish, Indo-European → Baltic → Lithuanian | Belarus, Poland, Lithuania |  | Islam → Sunni Islam
Lisu | Sino-Tibetan → Loloish → Lisu | China, Myanmar | Lipo | Christianity → Protestantism → Lisu Christianity
Lithuanians | Indo-European → Baltic → Lithuanian, Lithuanian Sign | Lithuania, Poland (Podlaskie), Russia (Kaliningrad Oblast)  | Samogitians, Aukštaitians, Lietuvninkai, along with significant populations in the United States, Canada, Brazil, Poland and the United Kingdom | Christianity → Catholicism
Livonians | Uralic → Finnic → Livonian | Latvia, Estonia |  | Christianity → Protestantism → Lutheranism
Lodha | Austroasiatic → Munda → Lodhi | India (Jharkhand, Odisha, West Bengal)  | Lodha Muslims | Hinduism, Islam
Lom | Indo-European → Armenian and Indo-Aryan → Lomavren, Indo-European → Armenian | Armenia, Georgia, Turkey |  |
Loloda | West Papuan → North Halmahera → Loloda | Indonesia (Loloda Islands [id])  |  |
Lombards | Indo-European → Romance → Italian, Lombard, Gallo-Italic of Sicily | Italy (Lombardy, Sicily)  | Lombards of Sicily |
Lori |  | Balochistan |  |
Lower Cowlitz | Formerly Salishan → Coast Salish → Cowlitz | United States (Cowlitz Reservation, Quinault Reservation, Chehalis Reservation)  |  |
Luba | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Luban[note 2] | Democratic Republic of the Congo (Lubaland)  | Luba-Kasai, Luba-Katanga, Hemba (including Bangubangu), Songe, Lulua | Christianity
Lubu | Austronesian → Malayic → Lubu | Indonesia (Sumatra)  |  |
Luhya | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Luhya | Kenya (Western Province)  | Bukusu, Idakho, Isukha, Kabras, Khayo, Kisa, Marachi, Maragoli, Marama, Nyole, Samia, Tachoni, Tiriki, Tsotso, Wanga,  | Christianity
Lumbee | Indo-European → Germanic → English → American Indian English → Lumbee English | United States (North Carolina)  |  | Christianity
Luo | Nilo-Saharan → Nilotic → Dholuo | Kenya |  | Christianity
Lurs | Indo-European → Iranian → Luri | Iran (Lorestan, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad, Khuzestan, Bushehr, and Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Provinces)  | Bakhtiari, Iranian Laks | Islam → Shia Islam, Yarsanism
Luritja | Pama-Nyungan → Wati → Luritja | Australia (Northern Territory)  |  | Alcheringa
Luso-Africans | Indo-European → Romance → Portuguese → African Portuguese | PALOP countries (Angola, Guinea-Bissau, Cape Verde, Mozambique, São Tomé and Príncipe, Equatorial Guinea), South Africa | Portuguese Africans (including Luso-Angolans, Cape Verdeans, Luso-Equatoguineans, Luso-Guineans, Mozambique, Santomeans, Luso-South Africans)  | Christianity → Catholicism
Luso-Brazilians | Indo-European → Romance → Portuguese → Brazilian Portuguese | Brazil | North Brazilians, Northeast Brazilians, Central-West Brazilians, Southeast Brazilians, South Brazilians (including Paranaenses, Riograndenses, and Catarinenses), along with significant populations in the United States, Portugal, Paraguay, United Kingdom, Japan, Italy, Spain, Germany, Canada, Argentina, France, Switzerland, French Guiana, Australia, Ireland, Mexico, Uruguay, Belgium, Bolivia, Netherlands, and Suriname | Christianity → Catholicism
Luso-Indians | Indo-European → Romance → Portuguese → Daman and Diu Portuguese Creole, Korlai Portuguese Creole, Cochin Portuguese Creole; Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Konkani, Gujarati; Indo-European → Germanic → English | India (Goa, Gujarat, Mumbai, Vasai, Daman, Diu & Silvassa, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Kolkata, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka)  |  | Christianity → Catholicism; Hinduism
Luxembourgers | Indo-European → Germanic → Moselle Franconian → Luxembourgish | Luxembourg, Belgium (Arelerland), and surrounding regions  | Significant populations in Brazil, Canada, and the United States | Christianity → Catholicism
Maasai | Nilo-Saharan → Nilotic → Maasai | Maasailand (Tanzania, Kenya)  | Samburu, Arusha, Kwavi | Traditional African religions
Macanese | Indo-European → Romance → Portuguese → Macanese Patois, Sino-Tibetan → Sinitic → Cantonese | China (Macau)  |  | Christianity → Catholicism
Macedonians | Indo-European → Slavic → Macedonian | North Macedonia | Torbesh, Mijaks, Brsjaks, along with significant populations in Australia, Germany, Italy, Switzerland and Greece | Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy
Macushi | Cariban → Macushi | Guyana (Rupununi), Brazil (Roraima)  |  | Shamanism
Madi | Nilo-Saharan → Central Sudanic → Ma'di | Democratic Republic of the Congo, South Sudan, Uganda |  | Christianity
Madurese | Austronesian → Madurese | Indonesia (Madura)[note 51] | Boyanese | Islam → Sunni Islam → Shafi'i
Mafa | Afro-Asiatic → Chadic → Mafa | Cameroon |  | Christianity
Magahi | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Bihari → Magahi | India (Magadha)  |  | Hinduism
Magars | Sino-Tibetan → Magar[note 52] | Nepal | Ale, Gharti, Chantayal, Saru, Pun  | Hinduism, Buddhism
Maguindanao | Austronesian → Philippine → Maguindanao | Philippines (Maguindanao)  |  | Islam
Mahar | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Marathi | India (Maharashtra)  |  | Buddhism → Navayana Buddhism
Maithils | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Bihari → Maithili | Mithila (India, Nepal)  | Karan Kayastha, Brahmin, Chhetri, Vaisya | Hinduism
Makaa | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Makaa, Niger–Congo → Bantu → Byep | Cameroon (East Region, Centre Region)  | South Makaa, North Makaa |
Makah | Wakashan → Southern Wakashan → Makah | United States (Washington)  |  | Native American religion
Makassarese | Austronesian → South Sulawesi → Makassarese | Indonesia (South Sulawesi)  |  | Islam → Sunni Islam
Makianese [id] | West Papuan → North Halmahera → Moi, Austronesian → South Halmahera → Taba,  | Indonesia (Makian)  | Tabayama, Jitinee  | Islam → Sunni Islam, Animism
Makonde | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Makonde | Tanzania, Mozambique (Mueda Plateau)  | Machinga | Islam
Makua | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Makhuwa | Mozambique | Lomwe, Chuwabu, Moniga, Koti, Nathembo | Traditional African religions
Malagasy | Austronesian → Malagasy | Madagascar, Comoros, Mayotte, Réunion, Mauritius | Merina, Sihanaka, Betsileo, Zafimaniry, Antaifasy, Antemoro, Antaisaka, Antambahoaka, Tandroy, Antankarana, Antanosy, Bara, Betsimisaraka, Bezanozano, Mahafaly, Makoa, Mikea, Sakalava, Tanala, Tsimihety, Vezo | Christianity, Malagasy religion
Malasar | Dravidian → Tamiloid → Malasar | India (Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu)  |  |
Malayalis[note 53] | Dravidian → Malayalamoid → Malayalam | India (Kerala)  | Ambalavasi, Dheevara, Nair, Paravar, Mappilas, Ezhava, Latheen Mappilas, St. Thomas Christians along with significant populations in the United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, Oman, Qatar, Kuwait and Bahrain | Hinduism, Islam, Christianity
Malayarayans | Dravidian → Malayalamoid → Malaryan | India (Kerala, Tamil Nadu)  |  | Hinduism
Malays | Austronesian → Malayic → Malay, Austronesian → Malayic → Brunei Malay Austronesian → Malayic → Jambi Malay, Austronesian → Malayic → Pahang Malay, Austronesian → Malayic → Terengganu Malay, Austronesian → Malayic → Kelantan-Pattani Malay, Austronesian → Malayic → Kedah Malay, Austronesian → Malayic → Reman Malay, Francosign → ASLic → Malaysian Sign, Austronesian → Malayic → Malay → Sri Lanka Malay | Malay world (Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia, Brunei)  | Kedahans, Pattani, Pahang, Pontianaks, Terengganuarians, Kelantanese, Perakians, Berau, Loloan Malays, Proto-Malay (including Orang Kuala, Jakun, Orang Rimba, Orang Seletar, and Temuan) Cape Malays, Cocos Malays, Bangka Malays, Thai Malays, Burmese Malays | Islam → Sunni Islam
Maldivians | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Maldivian | Maldives, India (Minicoy)  | Mahls | Islam → Sunni Islam
Maltese | Afro-Asiatic → Arabic → Maltese | Malta | Gozitans, with significant populations in Greece (including Corfu)  | Christianity → Catholicism
Mambai | Austronesian → Timoric → Mambai | East Timor (Dili District)  |  | Christianity → Catholicism
Mambila | Niger–Congo → Mambila | Mambilla Plateau (Nigeria, Cameroon)  | Somyev | Traditional African religions
Manavs | Turkic → Oghuz → Turkish | Turkey (East Marmara Region, Marmara Region, Aegean Region)  |  | Islam → Sunni Islam → Hanafi
Manchus | Tungusic → Southern Tungusic → Manchu[note 54] | Manchuria (China, Russia)  | Significant populations in Taiwan | Shamanism
Mandaeans | Afro-Asiatic → Semitic → Aramaic → Mandaic | Southern Mesopotamia | Iraq, Iran | Mandaeism
Mandarese | Austronesian → South Sulawesi → Mandar | Indonesia (West Sulawesi)  |  | Islam
Mandinka | Niger–Congo → Mande → Manding[note 2] | Mali, The Gambia, Guinea, Senegal | Bolon | Islam
Mangalorean Catholics | Indo-European languages → Indo-Aryan → Konkani | India (Karnataka)  |  | Christianity → Catholicism
Manggarai | Austronesian → Sumba–Flores → Manggarai | Indonesia (Manggarai)  |  | Christianity
Manjak | Niger–Congo → West Atlantic → Senegambian → Manjak | Guinea-Bissau, Senegal |  | Traditional African religions
Mannan | Dravidian → Tamiloid → Mannan | India (Idukki district)  |  | Hinduism
Mansi | Uralic → Ugric → Mansi[note 2] | Russia (Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug)  |  |
Manx | Indo-European → Celtic → Manx,[note 25] Indo-European → Germanic → English → Manx English | Isle of Man (Crown Dependency)  | Significant populations in the United States | Christianity → Protestantism
Māori | Austronesian → Polynesian → New Zealand Māori,[note 55] | New Zealand | Māori Indians, with significant populations in the United Kingdom, Australia, and the United States | Christianity
Mappila Muslims | Dravidian → Malayalamoid → Malayalam → Arabi Malayalam | India (Kerala, Lakshadweep)  |  | Islam → Sunni Islam
Mapuche | Araucanian languages[note 2][note 56] | Chile (Araucania), Argentina | Huilliche, Moluche, Pehuenche | Christianity, Mapuche religion
Maranao | Austronesian → Philippine → Maranao | Philippines (Lanao)  |  | Islam
Marathi | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Marathi | India (Maharashtra)  | Mahar, Maratha, Kunbi, Dhangar, Bhoi | Hinduism, Jainism
Mardijkers | Austronesian → Malayic → Malay → Betawian, Austronesian → Malayic → Malay → Indonesian, Indo-European → Romance → Portuguese | Indonesia (Jakarta)  |  | Christianity
Maris | Uralic → Mari[note 2] | Russia (Mari El)  | Meadow Mari, Hill Mari, Northwestern Mari, Eastern Mari, Mountain Mari | Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy, Mari Native Religion
Maronites | Afro-Asiatic → Semitic → Western Aramaic,[note 2][note 57] Afro-Asiatic → Arabic → Cypriot Arabic | Lebanon | Significant populations in Syria, Cyprus and Israel along with the greater Lebanese diaspora | Christianity → Maronite Catholicism
Marquesas Islanders | Austronesian → Malayo-Polynesians → Polynesian → Marquesan | France (Marquesas Islands)  |  | Christianity
Marshallese | Austronesian → Malayo-Polynesian → Oceanic → Micronesian → Marshallese | Marshall Islands |  | Christianity → Protestantism
Masa | Afro-Asiatic → Chadic → Masana | Cameroon, Chad |  | Christianity, Islam[citation needed]
Masalit | Nilo-Saharan → Masalit | Sudan, Chad |  | Islam → Sunni Islam
Matagi |  | Japan (Ani, Shirakami-Sanchi)  |  |
Matawai | Indo-European → Germanic → English → Saramaccan | Suriname |  | Christianity → Moravian Church
Mauritian Creoles | Indo-European → Romance → French → Mauritian Creole | Mauritius |  | Christianity → Catholicism, Rastafari
Maya | Mayan,[note 2] Mayan Sign | Guatemala, Belize, Mexico (Yucatan, Campeche, Quintana Roo, Tabasco, Chiapas)  | Maya, Achi, Chuj, Chʼortiʼ, Itza, Kʼicheʼ, Qʼeqchiʼ, Xinca, Tektitek, Huastecan, Mopan, Lacandon, Chontal, Akatek, Jakaltek, Qʼanjobʼal, Tzeltal, Mochoʼ, Tojolab'al, Mam, Ixil, Tzotzil, Poqomam, Yucatecan Maya, Motozintlecos, Awakatek, Kaqchikel, Sakapultek, Sipakapense, Uspantek, Chʼol, and Tzʼutujil | Christianity → Catholicism, Maya religion
Mazahua | Oto-Manguean → Oto-Pamean → Mazahua | Mexico (State of Mexico)  |  | Christianity → Catholicism
Mazandaranis | Indo-European → Iranian → Western Iranian → Mazanderani | Iran (Mazandaran)  |  | Islam → Shia Islam
Mazatec | Oto-Manguean → Popolocan → Mazatecan[note 2] | Mexico (Oaxaca)  | Ayautla | Christianity → Catholicism
Mbaka | Niger–Congo → Ubangian → Mbaka | Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of the Congo |  | Christianity → Catholicism
Mbugu | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Mbugu, Niger–Congo and Afro-Asiatic → Bantu and Cushitic → Maʼa, Niger–Congo → Bantu → Pare | Tanzania (Usambara Mountains)  |  |
Megleno-Romanians | Indo-European → Romance → Megleno-Romanian | Greece (Almopia)  |  | Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy, Islam → Sunni Islam
Mehri | Afro-Asiatic → Semitic → Mehri | Oman (Dhofar Governorate), Yemen (Al Mahrah Governorate, Socotra)  |  | Islam
Meitei | Sino-Tibetan → Kuki-Chin–Naga → Meitei | India (Manipur)  | Loi | Hinduism → Vaishnavism
Melanau | Austronesian → Malayo-Polynesian → Melanau | Malaysia (Sarawak)  |  | Islam
Melungeons | Indo-European → Germanic → English → Appalachian English | United States (Appalachia)  | Carmel Indians | Christianity → Protestantism → Baptists
Mende | Niger–Congo → Mande → Mende | Sierra Leone (Southern and Eastern Provinces)  |  | Islam
Mennonites |  |  | Russian Mennonites, Old Order Mennonites, Old Colony Mennonites, Amish Mennonites (including Beachy Amish (including Old Beachy Amish), Kauffman Amish Mennonites, Egli Amish, Stuckey Amish), with significant populations in Argentina, Belize, Bolivia, Colombia, El Salvador, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, and Uruguay | Christianity → Anabaptism → Mennonitism
Métis | Indo-European and Algic → Romance and Algonquian → French and Plains Cree → Michif, Indo-European → Romance → French → Metis French, Indo-European → Germanic → English → Bungi | Canada (Canadian Prairies, British Columbia, Northwest Territories, Northwestern Ontario), United States (Michigan, Illinois, Ohio, Minnesota, North Dakota, Montana)  | Anglo-Metis, Little Shell Métis | Christianity
Miami | Algic → Algonquian → Miami | United States (Illinois)  | Indiana Miami, Oklahoma Miami, Piankeshaw | Christianity, Native American religion
Miccosukee | Muskogean → Mikasuki | United States (Miccosukee Indian Reservation)  |  |
Mien | Hmong–Mien → Mienic[note 2] | China (Hunan, Guizhou), Vietnam | Iu Mien, Kim Mun, Dzao Min, Biao Min, Bunu, Lakkia, Biao Mon, San Diu | Yao folk religion
Mijikenda | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Mijikenda | Kenya (Coast Province)  | Chonyi, Giriama, Digo, Segeju, Rabai | Christianity
Minahasan | Austronesian → Philippine → Minahasan,[note 2] Austronesian → Malayic → Malay-based creole → Manado Malay | Indonesia (Minahasa Peninsula)  | Tonsawang, Tontemboan, Tondano, Tombulu, Tonsea | Christianity → Protestantism
Minangkabau | Austronesian → Malayic → Minangkabau, Austronesian → Malayic → Negeri Sembilan Malay | Indonesia (Minangkabau Highlands), Malaysia (Negeri Sembilan)  | Overseas Minangkabau | Islam → Sunni Islam
Misak | Barbacoan → Northern Barbacoan → Coconucan → Nam Trik | Colombia (Cauca)  |  | Traditional religion, Christianity → Catholicism
Mishar Tatars | Turkic → Kipchak → Tatar → Mishar Tatar, Indo-European → Slavic → Russian | Russia (Penza Oblast, Mordovia, Ulyanovsk Oblast, Chuvashia, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, Tatarstan, Samara Oblast, Saratov Oblast, Volgograd Oblast, Orenburg Oblast, Bashkortostan)  |  | Islam → Sunni Islam
Mising | Sino-Tibetan → Tani → Mising | India (Assam, Arunachal Pradesh)  |  | Donyi-Polo, Ekasarana Dharma
Miskito | Misumalpan → Miskito | Mosquito Coast (Nicaragua, Honduras)  | Miskito Sambu | Christianity → Protestantism → Moravian Church
Mixe | Mixe–Zoque → Mixe[note 2] | Mexico (Oaxaca)  |  | Christianity → Catholicism
Mixtec | Oto-Manguean → Mixtecan → Mixtec | Mexico (La Mixteca)  | Triqui, Cuicatecs, Amoltepec | Christianity → Catholicism
Mi'kmaq | Algic → Algonquian → Mi'kmaq[note 26] | Canada (Mi'kma'ki), United States (Maine)  | Mi'kmaq Nation, Miawpukek | Christianity → Catholicism
Moghols | Indo-European → Iranian → Dari, formerly Mongolic → Moghol | Afghanistan |  | Islam → Sunni Islam
Mohawk | Iroquoian → Northern Iroquoian → Mohawk | Canada (Quebec, Ontario), United States (New York)  |  | Animism, Christianity
Moken | Austronesian → Moken | Thailand, Myanmar (Mergui Archipelago, Surin Islands)  |  | Buddhism
Mokshas | Uralic → Mordvinic → Moksha | Russia (Mordovia)  |  |
Moldovans | Indo-European → Romance → Romanian → Moldovan, Francosign → Austro-Hungarian Sign → Moldova Sign  | Moldova | Significant populations in Romania, Ukraine, Russia, Italy and the United States | Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy
Molokans | Indo-European → Slavic → Russian; Uralic → Mordvinic → Erzya | Eastern Europe and the Caucasus | Erzya Molokans,[16] Subbotnik Molokans, along with significant populations in Armenia | Christianity → Spiritual Christianity
Mon | Austroasiatic → Mon | Myanmar (Mon State)  |  | Buddhism → Theravada Buddhism
Monacans | Formerly Siouan → Ohio Valley Siouan → Tutelo[note 58] |  |  |
Monegasques | Indo-European → Romance → Ligurian → Monegasque | Monaco |  | Christianity → Catholicism
Mongo | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Mongo | Democratic Republic of the Congo (Equateur, Tshuapa, Mongala, Nord-Ubangi, Sud-Ubangi)  | Bolia, Ntomba, Ngando, Iyaelima, Mbole, Mpama, Nkutu, Sengele, Hendo, Dengese, Tetela | Christianity
Mongols | Mongolic languages,[note 2] Francosign → Austro-Hungarian Sign → Mongolian Sign | China (Inner Mongolia, Dorbetia, Bayingolin, Dzungaria, Subei-Mongolia, Santania, Kharchinia), Mongolia | Khalkha, Oirats (including Manchurian Öelets),[29] Hamnigan, Tsagaan, Yugur, Khatso, Bonan, Sichuan Mongols, Sogwo Arig, Altai Uriankhai, Ordos, Kanja, Sogwo Arig, Mughals, Santa, Naimans, Dariganga, Khorchin, Kharchin, Koke Nuur, Chaharian, Jalairs, Gorlos, Sartuul, Myangad, Tubalar, Uzemchin, Uradian, Tumed, Baarins, Zakhchin, Hishigten, Dorbet, Muumyangan, Jalaids, Abaganar, Chantuu, Olot, Sunud, Eastern Dorbet, Aohans, Onnigud, Khoshut, Abagas, Khotons, Alasha, Khoid, Eljigin, Choros, Qaidam, Fujin, with significant populations in India, the Czech Republic, the United States, South Korea, Japan, Taiwan, the United Kingdom, Canada | Buddhism → Tibetan Buddhism, Tengrism
Mongondow | Austronesian → Philippine → Mongondow | Indonesia (Mongondowia)  |  | Islam → Sunni Islam
Montenegrins | Indo-European → Slavic → Shtokavian → Montenegrin | Montenegro and surrounding regions  | Significant populations in Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Slovenia, Kosovo, Albania, North Macedonia, Germany, Luxembourg, Argentina, the United States, Australia,  | Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy
Moravians | Indo-European → Slavic → Czech → Moravian | Czech Republic (Moravia)  |  | Christianity → Catholicism
Moriori | Austronesian → Polynesian → Moriori,[note 59] Indo-European → Germanic → English[30] | New Zealand (Chatham Islands)  |  | Christianity including Rātana
Mormons[31] | Indo-European → Germanic → English | United States (Mountain States)  |  | Christianity → Mormonism
Mossi | Niger–Congo → Gur → Mossi | Burkina Faso (Mossiland)  |  | Islam
Mosuo | Sino-Tibetan → Naish → Na | China (Sichuan and Yunnan)  |  | Daba, Buddhism → Tibetan Buddhism
Motu | Austronesian → Malayo-Polynesian → Motu | Papua New Guinea (Central Province)  |  | Christianity, Shamanism
Mudburra | Pama–Nyungan → Ngumpin–Yapa → Mudburra | Australia (Northern Territory)  |  |
Mughal | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Hindustani, formerly Indo-European → Iranian → Persian | India, Pakistan, Bangladesh |  | Islam
Muhajir | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Urdu | Pakistan |  | Islam → Sunni Islam
Mumuye | Niger–Congo → Adamawa → Mumuye | Nigeria (Taraba State)  |  | Traditional African religions
Munanese | Austronesian → Celebic → Munanese[note 2] | Indonesia (Muna)  |  | Islam
Mundas | Austroasiatic → Munda → Mundari | India (Jharkhand, Odisha, West Bengal)  | Sabar, Mahali | Sarnaism
Murut | Austronesian → Malayo-Polynesian → Murutic[note 2] | Malaysia (Murutia)  | Okolod, Keningau, Tagal, Paluan, Selungai, Timugon, Serudung, Sembakung, Tidong, Kalabakan, Bulungan, Bookan | Christianity → Catholicism
Muscogee | Muskogean → Muscogee,[note 8] Muskogean → Eastern Muskogean → Mikasuki | United States (Alabama, Tennessee, Georgia)[note 9] | Thlopthlocco, Kialegee, Muscogee Nation, Poarch Band, Lower Muskogee Creek Tribe, Creek Freedmen | Native American religion → Creek mythology, Four Mothers Society
Musgum | Afro-Asiatic → Chadic → Musgu | Cameroon (Far North Region), Chad (Chari-Baguirmi, Mayo-Kebbi Est)  |  | Islam
Muslimani | Indo-European → Slavic → Serbo-Croatian[note 2][note 60] | Serbia, Montenegro, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Slovenia, North Macedonia |  | Islam
Muthuvans | Dravidian → Tamiloid → Muthuvan | India (Kerala, Tamil Nadu)  |  | Hinduism
Mwera | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Mwera | Tanzania (Mtwara and Ruvuma Regions)  |  | Islam
Nagas | Sino-Tibetan → Tibeto-Burman → Kuki-Chin–Naga,[note 2][note 61] formerly Angami Naga Sign | India (Nagaland, Manipur, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam), Myanmar (Naga Self-Administered Zone)  | Angami, Ao, Chakhesang (including Chokri and Khezha), Chang, Khiamniungan, Konyak, Lotha, Mao, Maram, Maring, Nocte, Phom, Pochury, Poumai, Rengma, Sangtam, Sumi, Tangkhul, Tangsa, Tikhir, Wancho, Yimkhiung, Zeliangrong (Zemi, Liangmei, Rongmei/Kabui), Lamkang Naga | Christianity → Protestantism → Baptists,
Nagpuri | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Bihari → Sadri | India (Chota Nagpur Plateau)  | Chik Baraik | Hinduism
Nahuas | Uto-Aztecan → Nahuan → Nahuatl | Mexico | Huasteca Nahuas, Mexicaneros, Sierra Puebla Nahuas, Guerrero Nahuas, Orizaba Nahuas, Southeastern Puebla Nahuas, Central Nahuas, Pipil | Christianity → Catholicism, Aztec religion
Nakoda | Siouan → Western Siouan → Stoney | Canada (Alberta, Saskatchewan)  | Wood Stoney, Mountain Stoney  |
Nama | Khoe → Khoekhoe | Namibia (Namaland), South Africa | Oorlams | Christianity
Nanai | Tungusic → Nanai, Tungusic → Kili | Russia, China |  | Shamanism, Buddhism → Tibetan Buddhism
Naso | Chibchan → Talamanca → Teribe | Panama (Bocas del Toro)  |  | Native American religion
Natchez | Natchez language[note 8] | United States (Oklahoma, South Carolina)  | Eastern Band |
Nauruans | Austronesian → Malayo-Polynesian → Nauruan | Nauru |  | Christianity → Protestantism
Navajo | Na-Dene → Apachean → Navajo, Navajo Family Sign[note 8] | United States (Navajo Nation)  |  | Christianity → Catholicism, Native American Church
Ndendeule | Niger-Congo languages → Bantu languages → Ndendeule | Tanzania |
Nenets | Uralic → Samoyedic → Nenets | Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug | Forest Nenets, Tundra Nenets | Shamanism, Animism
Newars | Sino-Tibetan → Newar | Nepal (Kathmandu Valley)  | Rajupadhaya, Rajbhandari, Pradhan, Malla, Shrestha, Shakya, Chitrakar | Hinduism, Buddhism → Vajrayana → Newar Buddhism
Nez Perce | Plateau Penutian → Sahaptian → Nez Perce,[note 8] Indo-European → Germanic → English | United States (Idaho, Washington)  |  | Waashat Religion, Christianity
Ngabe | Chibchan → Guaymi | Panama (Ngabe-Bugle Comarca)  |  | Christianity → Catholicism
Ngaju | Austronesian → Malayo-Polynesian → Barito → Ngaju | Indonesia (Central Kalimantan)  | Bakumpai, Meratus | Kaharingan
Ngalop | Sino-Tibetan → Tibetic → Dzongkha | Bhutan | Kheng, Bumthang | Buddhism → Tibetan Buddhism, Bon
Nganasans | Uralic → Samoyedic → Nganasan; formerly Indo-European → Slavic → Russian → Taimyr Pidgin Russian | Russia (Taymyr Autonomous Okrug)  |  | Animism, Shamanism, Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy
Ngbandi | Niger–Congo → Ubangian → Ngbandi | Democratic Republic of the Congo, Central African Republic | Yakoma | Christianity
Ngoni |  | Malawi, Mozambique, Tanzania, Zimbabwe, and Zambia |  |
Nias | Austronesian → Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands → Nias | Indonesia (Nias)  |  | Christianity
Nicobarese | Austroasiatic → Nicobarese | India (Nicobar Islands)  |  | Christianity, Animism
Nipmucs | Formerly Algic → Algonquian → Loup A, Algic → Algonquian → Massachusett | United States (Chaubunagungamaug Reservation, Hassanamisco Reservation)  | Chaubunagungamaug Nipmuck, Hassanamisco Nipmuc, Nipmuc Nation |
Niueans | Austronesian → Malayo-Polyesian → Polynesian → Niuean | New Zealand (Niue)  |  | Christianity → Protestantism → Calvinism
Nivkhs | Nivkh languages[note 2] | Russia (Khabarovsk Krai, Sakhalin Oblast)  |  | Shamanism
Nkole | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Nkore-Kiga → Nkore | Uganda (Ankole)  |  | Christianity, Ruhanga
Nogais | Turkic → Kipchak → Nogai | Russia (North Caucasus)  | Ak Nogai, Karagash | Islam → Sunni Islam
Norfolk Islanders | Indo-European → Germanic → English, Indo-European → Germanic → English Creole → Pitcairn–Norfolk → Norfuk | Australia (Norfolk Island)  |  | Irreligion, Christianity → Protestantism → Anglicanism[32]
Norwegians | Indo-European → Germanic → Norwegian; Indo-European → Germanic → Dano-Norwegian → Urban East Norwegian, Bokmål, Riksmål; Francosign → DTSic → Norwegian Sign | Norway | Kola Norwegians, Svalbarders, along with Significant populations in the United States, and Norwegian Canadians | Christianity → Protestantism → Lutheranism
Nubis | Afro-Asiatic → Arabic creoles → Nubi | Uganda, Kenya | Ugandan Nubis, Kenyan Nubis  |
Nubians | Nilo-Saharan → Nubian[note 2] | Nubia (Egypt, Sudan)  | Nobiin, Mattokki, Dongolawi, Midob, Birgid, Hill Nubians (including Dilling, Debri, Ghulfan, Kadaru, Karko, and Wali)  | Islam → Sunni Islam
Nuer | Nilo-Saharan → Nilotic → Nuer | South Sudan (Nuerland)  |  | Traditional African religions
NunatuKavummiut | Indo-European → Germanic → English → Newfoundland English | Canada (NunatuKavut)  |  |
Nùng | Kra–Dai → Tai → Nùng | Vietnam, China (Guangxi)  |  | Moism
Nuristanis | Indo-European → Indo-Iranian → Nuristani[note 2] | Afghanistan (Nuristan)  | Safed-Posh Kaffirs (including Askunis), Kamkata-viris (including Kata and Kom)  | Islam → Sunni Islam
Nuu-chah-nulth | Wakashan → Southern Wakashan → Nuu-chah-nulth | Canada (British Columbia)  |  | Native American religion
Nuxalk | Salishan → Nuxalk | Canada (British Columbia)  |  | Native American religion
Nyambo | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Nyambo | Tanzania (Karagwe District, Kagera Region)  |  |
Nyishi | Sino-Tibetan → Tani → Nishi | India (Arunachal Pradesh)  |  | Christianity
Ōbeikei Islanders | Indo-European → English Creole → Bonin English | Japan (Bonin Islands)  |  | Christianity, Buddhism, Shinto
Occitans | Indo-European → Romance → Occitan,[note 21] Indo-European → Romance → Gardiol | Occitania (France, Italy, Spain)  | Aranese, Auvergnats, Provencals, Languedociens, Gascons, Nicois, Guardiota, Monégasque Occitans | Christianity
Odawa | Algic → Algonquian → Ottawa[note 62] | Canada (Ontario), United States (Oklahoma, Michigan)  |  |
Odia | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Odia | India (Odisha)  | Utkala Brahmins, Khandayat, Bonaz, Badu; Bairagi (Oriya); Barika; Chaikwa; Chatarkheya; Dhobi, Oriya; Ganrar; Ghantarghada; Girigiria; Gond (Oriya); Haddi; Jhodia; Kobari; Koraga; Kuliya; Lohar, Oriya; Mali, Oriya; Malia; Panka (Oriya); Paroja; Patra; Radhi; Sannyasi; Teli, Oriya; Thanapati; Thoria  | Hinduism
Ogiek | Nilo-Saharan → Nilotic → Ogiek | Kenya (Mau Forest, Mount Elgon)  |  | Christianity, Traditional Ogiek religion[33]
Ogoni | Niger–Congo → Cross River → Ogoni[note 2] | Nigeria (Ogoniland)  | Baan, Eleme, Gokana, Tẹẹ | Christianity
Ogu | Niger–Congo → Kwa → Gbe → Gun | Nigeria (Lagos, Ogun State), Benin |  |
Oji-Cree | Algic → Algonquian → Oji-Cree | Canada (Ontario, Manitoba)  |  |
Ojibwe | Algic → Algonquian → Ojibwe[note 2][note 62] | Anishinaabeland (Canada, United States)  | Mississaugas, Saulteaux, Findians | Midewiwin
Okies | Indo-European → Germanic → English → Oklahoman English | United States (Oklahoma, California)  |  | Christianity → Protestantism → Southern Baptist
Oku | Indo-European → Germanic → English Creole → Krio, Indo-European → Germanic → English | Sierra Leone, The Gambia |  | Islam
Oneida | Iroquoian → Northern Iroquoian → Oneida[note 62] | Canada (Ontario), United States (New York, Wisconsin)  |  | Longhouse Religion
Onge | Ongan → Onge | India (Little Andaman Island)  |  | Animism
Onondaga | Iroquoian → Northern Iroquoian → Onondaga | Canada (Ontario), United States (New York)  |  |
Orcadians | Indo-European → Germanic → Scots → Orcadian, Indo-European → Germanic → English → Scottish English, BANZSL → British Sign, formerly Indo-European → Germanic → Norn | United Kingdom (Orkney)  |  |
Ormurs | Indo-European → Indo-Iranian → Iranian → Eastern Iranian → Ormuri | Afghanistan (Logar Province), Pakistan (South Waziristan)  |  | Islam
Orochs | Tungusic → Udegheic → Oroch | Russia (Khabarovsk Krai, Magadan Oblast, Sakhalin Oblast, Primorsky Krai)  |  |
Oromo | Afro-Asiatic → Cushitic → Oromo | Ethiopia (Oromia), Kenya | Boorana, Barento, Salale, Machaa, Arsi, Wollo | Islam → Sunni Islam
Oroqens | Tungusic → Northern Tungusic → Oroqen | China (Heilongjiang, Inner Mongolia)  |  |
Ossetians | Indo-European → Iranian → Ossetian[note 2] | Ossetia (Russia, Georgia)  | Iron, Digor, Kudar, Trialeti Ossetians | Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy
Ot Danum | Austronesian → Malayo-Polynesian → Ot Danum | Indonesia (West and Central Kalimantan)  | Lawangan, Ma'anyan | Kaharingan
Otomi | Oto-Manguean → Otomian → Otomi | Mexico (Hidalgo, Puebla, Veracruz, State of Mexico, Queretaro)  |  | Christianity → Catholicism
Ovambo | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Ovambo | Namibia (Ovamboland), Angola |  | Christianity → Protestantism → Lutheranism
Ovimbundu | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Umbundu | Angola |  | Christianity
Pākehā | Indo-European → Germanic →English → New Zealand English | New Zealand |  | Irreligion, Christianity
Palau | Austronesian → Malayo-Polynesian → Palauan, Indo-European → Germanic → English → Palauan English | Palau |  | Christianity, Modekngei
Palawa | Indo-European → Germanic → English, Palawa kani, formerly Tasmanian languages[note 2] | Australia (Tasmania)  |  | Alcheringa
Palembangese | Austronesian → Malayic → Palembang | Indonesia (South Sumatra)  |  |
Palula | Indo-European → Dardic → Palula | Pakistan (Chitral District)  |  |
Pamiris | Indo-European → Iranian → Pamir[note 2] | Pamir Mountains (Tajikistan, Afghanistan, China)  | Shughni, Sarikoli (including Tajiks of Xinjiang), Yazghulami, Munji, Yidgha, Sanglechi, Ishkashimi | Islam → Shia Islam → Isma'ilism
Pangasinese | Austronesian → Philippine → Pangasinan | Philippines (Pangasinan)  |  | Christianity → Catholicism
Papel | Niger–Congo → Atlantic → Senegambian → Papel | Guinea-Bissau (Biombo Region)  |  | Christianity → Catholicism
Parachis | Indo-European → Indo-Iranian → Iranian → Eastern Iranian → Parachi | Afghanistan (Nijrab District, Kabul)  |  | Islam
Paramaccan | Indo-European → Germanic → English → Ndyuka | Suriname (Pamacca)  |  | Winti
Pardo | Indo-European → Romance → Portuguese | Brazil |  | Christianity → Catholicism
Pare | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Pare | Tanzania (Pare Mountains)  |  | Islam
Parsis | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Gujaratic → Gujarati | Indian subcontinent |  | Zoroastrianism
Pashayi | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Dardic → Pashayi[note 2] | Afghanistan (Laghman, Kapisa and Nangarhar Provinces)  |  | Islam → Sunni Islam, Islam → Shia Islam → Isma'ilism → Nizari Isma'ilism
Pashtuns | Indo-European → Iranian → Pashto[note 2] | Pashtunistan (Afghanistan, Pakistan)  | Kakar, Ghilji (including Lodi (including Niazi, Hotak (including Babai), and Lohani (including Marwat))), Punjabi Pathans (including Malerkotla Pathans and Multani Pathans), Tareen, Bettani (including Shirani), Afridi, Bangash, Durrani, and other Pashtun tribes, with significant populations in the United States, India, Sri Lanka,  | Islam → Sunni Islam → Hanafi, Sikhism
Pataxó | Macro-Jê → Maxakalian → Pataxó | Brazil (Bahia)  |  | Shamanism
Pedi | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Sotho–Tswana → Sepedi | South Africa (Limpopo)  |  | Christianity
Pende | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Pende | Democratic Republic of the Congo |  | Christianity
Pennsylvania Dutch | Indo-European → Germanic → Pennsylvania Dutch, Indo-European → Germanic → English → Pennsylvania Dutch English | United States (Pennsylvania)  | Schwenkfelders, River Brethren (including Yorker Brethren)  | Christianity → Protestantism
Persians | Indo-European → Iranian → Persian, Indo-European → Iranian → Achomi | Iran (Fars)  | Arab-Persians, Achomi, Sistanis (including Khorasani Sistanis and Golestani Sistanis), Dezfulis, Shushtaris, along with significant populations in the United States, the United Arab Emirates, Canada, Germany, the United Kingdom, Israel, Bahrain, Australia, and Sweden | Islam → Shia Islam → Twelver Shi'ism, Islam → Sufism → Ni'matullāhī, Safaviyya, Zoroastrianism, Baháʼí
Piapoco | Arawakan → Upper Amazon Arawakan → Piapoco | Colombia (Meta), Venezuela |  | Traditional religion, Christianity → Catholicism
Pied-Noir | Indo-European → Romance → French | Algeria |  | Christianity
Pitcairn Islanders | Indo-European → Germanic → English, Indo-European → Germanic → English Creole → Pitcairn-Norfolk → Pitkern | British Overseas Territories (Pitcairn Islands)  | Significant population in Norfolk Island, along with a diaspora in Australia, and New Zealand[34] | Christianity → Protestantism → Seventh-day Adventism
Pitjantjara | Pama-Nyungan → Wati → Pitjantjara | Australia (Central Australia)  |  | Alcheringa
Podlashuks | Indo-European → Slavic → Ukrainian or Belarusian → Podlachian | Poland (Podlachia)  |  | Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy, Christianity → Catholicism
Pohnpeian | Austronesian → Malayo-Polynesian → Oceanic → Micronesian → Pohnpeian | Federated States of Micronesia (Pohnpei)  |  | Christianity
Poles | Indo-European → Slavic → Polish | Poland and surrounding regions  | Masovians (including Bambers, Kurpies, Łowiczans, Masurians, Międzyrzec Boyars, Poborzans, Podlachians), Greater Polish (including Kaliszans, Kuyavians (including Kuyavian Borowiaks), and Taśtaks), Lesser Polish (including Cracovians, Lasovians, Lublinians, Sącz Lachs, and Sandomierzans), Kociewians, Łęczycans, Polish Uplanders, Sieradzans, Borderlands Poles (including Bug River Poles), Tuchola Borowians, Kocievians, Dolinians [pl], and Warmians, as well as Significant populations in the United States, Brazil, Germany, Canada, Iceland, Sweden, France, Armenia,the United Kingdom, Argentina, Belarus, Russia, Australia, Lithuania, Ukraine, Ireland, and Norway | Christianity → Catholicism
Poleshuks | Indo-European → Slavic → Belarusian or Ukrainian → West Polesian | Polesia (Belarus, Poland, Russia, Ukraine)  |  |
Portuguese | Indo-European → Romance → Portuguese, Indo-European → Romance → Minderico, Indo-European → Romance → Barranquenho, SSLic → Portuguese Sign | Portugal | Alentejans, Algarveans, Azoreans, Barranquenhos,[35] Beiroes, Madeirans, Mindericos, Minhotos, Olivenzans, Ribatejanos, Transmontanos, with significant populations in Africa (including Angola, Guinea-Bissau, Mozambique, South Africa), Australia, Belgium, Canada, France, Germany, Luxembourg, New Zealand, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, the United States, Uruguay, and Venezuela | Christianity → Catholicism
Potawatomi | Algic → Algonquian → Potawatomi | Canada (Ontario), United States (Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Michigan, Oklahoma, Wisconsin)  |  |
Potiguara | Tupian → Potiguara, Indo-European → Romance → Portuguese | Brazil (Paraíba)  |  | Shamanism
Powhatans | Indo-European → Germanic → English; formerly Algic → Algonquian → Virginia Algonquian | United States (Tsenacommacah)  |  |
Punjabis | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Punjabi | Punjab (Pakistan (Punjab), India (Punjab))  | Arain, Awan, Gujjars, Jat, Khatris, Punjabi Rajputs, Sikhs, along with significant populations in the United Kingdom, Canada, and the United States | Islam → Sunni Islam, Islam → Sunni Islam → Ahmadiyya, Hinduism, Sikhism
Punjabi Mexican Americans |  | United States (California)  |  |
Purepecha | Purepecha | Mexico (Michoacan)  |  | Christianity → Catholicism
Qarai Turks | Turkic, Indo-European → Iranian → Persian | Iran (Kerman Province)  |  | Islam → Shia Islam
Qaratays | Turkic → Kipchak → Tatar → Qataray  | Russia (Kamsko-Ustyinsky District)  |  |
Qashqai | Turkic → Oghuz → Qashqai | Iran (Fars Province)  |  | Islam → Shia Islam
Qiang | Sino-Tibetan → Qiangic[note 2] | China (Ngawa Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture)  |  | Qiang folk religion
Quechan | Yuman → Quechan | United States (Arizona, California)  |  | Native American religion, Christianity
Quechua | Quechuan[note 2] | Peru, Bolivia, Ecuador, Colombia, Argentina | Ayacucho, Cajamarca–Canaris, Central, Chachapoyas, Cusco, Inga, Kichwa, Lamas, North Bolivian, Pacaraos, Puno, Santiagueno, South Bolivian | Christianity → Catholicism, Inca religion
Quileute | Chimakuan → Quileute | United States (Washington)  |  | Native American religion
Rabari |  | India (Kutch District)  |  | Hinduism
Qulla | Quechuan → Southern Quechua | Argentina, Bolivia, Chile |  | Christianity → Catholicism
Rade | Austronesian → Chamic → Rade | Central Highlands, Vietnam |  | Christianity
Raizal | Indo-European → Germanic → English → San Andres-Providencia Creole | Colombia (Archipelago of San Andres, Providencia, and Santa Catalina)  |  | Christianity
Rajasthanis | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Rajasthani[note 2] | India (Rajasthan)  | Charan, Kachhi, Marwari, Meena, Rajputs (including Chandels, Mahyavanshi, and Molesalam)  | Hinduism, Jainism, Sikhism
Rajbanshi | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Kamtapuri | India (Assam, West Bengal), Bangladesh |  | Hinduism
Rakhine | Sino-Tibetan → Burmese → Arakanese | Myanmar (Rakhine State)  | Marma | Buddhism → Theravada Buddhism
Ramkokamekra | Macro-Je → Je → Canela | Brazil (Northeast Region)  |  |
Ranquel | Araucanian → Mapudungun → Ranquel  | Argentina (La Pampa Province)  |  |
Rapa Nui | Austronesian → Polynesian → Rapa Nui | Chile (Easter Island)  |  | Christianity → Catholicism
Redbones |  | United States (Louisiana)  |  | Christianity
Reisende |  | Norway |  | Christianity
Rejangese | Austronesian → Malayo-Polynesian → Rejang | Indonesia (Rejang Lebong Regency)  |  | Islam → Sunni Islam
Rendille | Afro-Asiatic → Cushitic → Rendille | Kenya (Eastern Province)  |  | Waaq
Resians | Indo-European → Slavic → Slovene → Resian | Italy (Resia, Friuli)  |  |
Rhodesians | Indo-European → Germanic → English → Zimbabwean English | Zimbabwe | Significant populations in the United Kingdom | Christianity
Rifians | Afro-Asiatic → Berber → Tarifit | Morocco |  | Islam → Sunni Islam
Rohingyas | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Rohingya | Myanmar (Rakhine State)  |  | Islam
Roma | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Romani,[note 2] Para-Romani,[note 2][note 63] Indo-European → Romance → Romanian → Boyash | Europe, Turkey, Cyprus, Caucasus[note 30] | Kalderash, Iberian Cales (including Spanish Cales, Portuguese Cales, Brazilian Cales), Erromintxela, Finnish Kale, Welsh Kale, Romanichal (including Scottish Romanichal Travellers), Lowland Scottish Travellers, Sinti (including Manouches), Belaruska Roma, Litovska Roma, Lotfitka Roma, Ruska Roma, Crimean Roma, Gurbeti, Xoraxane Roma (including Turkish Roma, Zargari, and Arlije), Romanisal, Bergitka Roma, Polska Roma, Cascarots, Ursari, Balshade), Romanlar (including Turkish Roma, Sepetçi, Ayjides, Yerli, and Çerge), Wallachian Roma, Servitka Roma, Lovari, Boyash, along with significant populations in Albania, Algeria (including Beni Ades), Australia, Austria, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Colombia, Croatia, the Czech Republic, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Kosovo, Mexico, Montenegro, Morocco, the Netherlands, North Macedonia, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Turkey, Ukraine, the United Kingdom, the United States (including Balshade), and Uruguay | Christianity, Islam
Romanians | Indo-European → Romance → Romanian | Romania, Moldova | Wallachians (including Oltenians and Muntenians), Moldavians, along with significant populations in France, Germany, Italy, Spain, Ukraine, the United Kingdom, and the United States | Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy
Romansh | Indo-European → Romance → Romansh | Switzerland (Grisons)  |  | Christianity
Rotenese | Austronesian → Timoric → Rotenese[note 2] | Indonesia (Rote Island)  | Dela, Oenale | Christianity
Rotumans | Austronesian → Malayo-Polynesian → Rotuman | Fiji (Rotuma)  |  |
Russians | Indo-European → Slavic → Russian; Francosign → Russian Sign | Russia | Caucasus Russians, Siberians, Cossacks (including Kuban Cossacks and Nekrasov Cossacks), Pomors, Lipovans, Subbotniks, Old Believers, Alaskan Russians (including Alaskan Creoles, Alaskan Old Believers), along with significant populations in Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Belarus, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, China (including Hong Kong), Estonia, France, Germany, Israel, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Taiwan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Armenia, the United States, Uzbekistan | Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy
Rusyns | Indo-European → Slavic → Carpathian Rusyn, Pannonian Rusyn | Carpathian Ruthenia (Ukraine, Slovakia, Poland),[note 64] Pannonian Plain (Croatia, Serbia)  | Pannonian Rusyns, Lemkos, Hutsuls, Boykos, Dolinians [pl], Zamieszańcy [pl], with significant populations in the United States and Romania | Christianity → Eastern Catholicism
Rutuls | Northeast Caucasian → Lezgic → Rutul | Russia (Dagestan), Azerbaijan |  |
Ryukyuans | Japonic → Ryukyuan;[note 2][note 65] Japonic → Japanese → Okinawan Japanese, Amami Japanese; JSLic → Japanese Sign; Koniya Sign Language | Japan (Ryukyu Islands)  | Amami (including Kikai, Amami Ōshima (including Setouchi), Tokunoshima, Okinoerabu, and Yoron), Okinawans (including Kunigami) Miyakoans, Tarama, Yaeyama, Yonaguni, with significant populations in Bolivia, Brazil, and the United States (including Hawaii)  | Irreligion; Ryukyuan religion; Christianity → Catholicism → Ryukyuan Catholicism
Saho | Afro-Asiatic → Cushitic → Saho | Eritrea, Ethiopia |  | Islam → Sunni Islam
Sahrawis | Afro-Asiatic → Arabic → Hassaniya Arabic | Western Sahara | Reguibat, Oulad Delim, Oulad Tidrarin, Laaroussien, Tekna, Tajakant, Aït Oussa | Islam → Sunni Islam
Saint Helenians | Indo-European → Germanic → English | Saint Helena |  | Christianity → Anglicanism
Saint Thomas Christians | Dravidian → Malayalamoid → Malayalam | India (Kerala)  | Northists, Knanayas | Christianity → Saint Thomas Christianity
Sakizaya | Austronesian → East Formosan → Sakizaya | Hualien County (Taiwan)  |  | Animism, Christianity
Salar | Turkic → Oghuz → Salar | China (Qinghai, Gansu)  |  | Islam → Sunni Islam
Salinan | Hokan → Salinan | United States (California)  |  | Native American religion
Sama-Bajau | Austronesian → Malayo-Polynesian → Barito → Sama–Bajaw[note 2] | Maritime Southeast Asia (Philippines, Malaysia, Indonesia, Brunei)[note 30] | Sama (including Banguingui), Bajaw, Abaknon | Islam → Sunni Islam
Samana Americans | Indo-European → Germanic → English → Samana English | Dominican Republic (Samana Province)  |  | Christianity → Protestantism → Methodism
Samaritans | Afro-Asiatic → Canaanite → Hebrew → Modern Hebrew, Afro-Asiatic → Arabic → South Levantine Arabic → Palestinian Arabic, formerly Afro-Asiatic → Canaanite → Samaritan Hebrew, Afro-Asiatic → Aramaic → Samaritan Aramaic | Israel |  | Samaritanism
Sambal | Austronesian → Philippine → Sambalic[note 2] | Philippines (Zambales)  | Bolinao, Botolan (including Banguingui)  | Christianity → Catholicism
Sámi | Uralic → Sámi,[note 2] formerly Uralic → Sámi → Akkala Sámi, Uralic → Sámi → Kemi Sámi, Kainuu Sámi | Sapmi (Norway, Sweden, Finland, Russia)  | Inari Sámi, Kildin Sámi, Lule Sámi, Northern Sámi, Pite Sámi, Skolt Sámi, Southern Sámi, Ter Sámi, Ume Sámi, Akkala Sámi | Christianity → Protestantism → Lutheranism
Sammarinese | Indo-European → Romance → Romagnol → Sammarinese, Indo-European → Romance → Italian | San Marino |  | Christianity → Catholicism
Samoans | Austronesian → Polynesian → Samoan | Samoan Islands (Samoa, American Samoa)  | American Samoans | Christianity
Sandawe | Sandawe | Tanzania (Chemba District)  |  | Traditional African Religion, Islam
Sangirese | Austronesian → Philippine → Sangirese | Indonesia (Sangihe Islands), Philippines (Mindanao)  |  | Christianity → Protestantism
Sankethi Brahmin | Dravidian → Tamiloid → Tamil → Sankethi | India (Karnataka)  |  | Hinduism → Advaita Vedanta
Santal | Austroasiatic → Munda → Santali | India (West Bengal, Jharkhand, Odisha)[note 3] |  | Christianity → Catholicism
Sara | Nilo-Saharan → Central Sudanic → Sara[note 2] | Chad, Central African Republic | Ngambay, Doba, Laka, Kabba, Sar, Mbay, Ngam, Dagba, Gulay | Traditional African religions
Saramaka | Indo-European → Germanic → English → Saramaccan | Suriname |  | Winti, Christianity → Moravian Church
Sardinians | Indo-European → Romance → Sardinian,[note 2] Indo-European → Romance → Sassarese, Indo-European → Romance → Gallurese | Italy (Sardinia)  | Logudorese, Campidanese, Sassarese, Gallurese | Christianity → Catholicism
Sasak | Austronesian → Sasak | Indonesia (Lombok)  |  | Islam
Saurashtras | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Saurashtra | India (South India)  |  | Hinduism → Vaishnavism, Hinduism → Shaivism
Savu | Austronesian → Sumba–Flores → Sumba → Hawu | India (Savu)  |  | Christianity → Protestantism
Scots | Indo-European → Germanic → English → Scottish English, Indo-European → Germanic → Scots, Indo-European → Celtic → Scottish Gaelic,[note 25] BANZSL → British Sign | United Kingdom (Scotland)  | Ulster Scots, Shetlanders, Highlanders, Lowlanders, Berwickers, along with significant populations in the United States (including Scotch-Irish Americans), Canada (including Scotch-Irish Canadians), Australia, Argentina, Russia, and the Bahamas | Christianity → Protestantism → Calvinism
Selkups | Uralic → Samoyedic → Selkup | Russia (Tomsk Oblast, Krasnoyarsk Krai, Tyumen Oblast)  |  | Shamanism, Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy
Seminoles | Muskogean → Muscogee → Seminole, Muskogean → Mikasuki, Afro-Seminole Creole | United States (Oklahoma, Florida), Mexico (Coahuila)  | Oklahoma Seminoles, Black Seminoles (including Mascogos), Florida Seminoles |
Semnanis | Indo-European → Iranian → Semnani[note 2] | Iran (Semnan)  | Biyabunakis, Sangsaris, Sorkheis, Aftaris, Lasgerdis | Islam → Shia Islam → Twelver Shi'ism
Seneca | Iroquoian → Northern Iroquoian → Seneca | Canada (Ontario), United States (New York, Oklahoma)  |  |
Sentinelese | Sentinelese | India (North Sentinel Island)  |  |
Senufo | Niger–Congo → Senufo[note 2] | Mali, Ivory Coast, Burkina Faso | Nafana, Minyanka | Traditional African religions
Serbs | Indo-European → Slavic → Shtokavian → Serbian | Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina (Republika Srpska), Montenegro, Croatia, Kosovo, Romania, Hungary, Albania, Bulgaria, Slovenia, North Macedonia | Kosovo Serbs, Montenegrin Serbs, Croatian Serbs, Bosnian Serbs, Macedonian Serbs, Romanian Serbs, Hungarian Serbs, Albanian Serbs, Bulgarian Serbs, Slovenian Serbs, Vojvodinian Serbs, Triestine Serbs, Serb Muslims, along with significant populations in Greece, Germany, Austria, France, Slovakia, and Sweden | Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy
Serer | Niger–Congo → West Atlantic → Senegambian → Serer | Senegal | Laalaa, Ndut, Niominka, Serer-Noon, Palor, Saafi | Islam, Serer religion
Seychellois Creoles | Indo-European → Romance → French → Seychellois Creole | Seychelles |  | Christianity → Catholicism
Shan | Kra–Dai → Tai → Shan | Myanmar (Shan State)  |  | Buddhism → Theravada Buddhism
Sharchops | Sino-Tibetan → Tibeto-Kanauri → Tshangla | Bhutan (Lhuntse, Mongar, Pemagatshel, Samdrup Jongkhar, Trashigang, and Trashiyangtse Districts)  |  | Buddhism → Tibetan Buddhism, Bon
Shawnee | Algic → Algonquian → Shawnee | United States (Oklahoma, formerly Ohio)  | Absentee Shawnee, Eastern Shawnee, Piqua Shawnee, Shawnee Tribe |
Sherbro | Niger–Congo → Atlantic → Mel → Sherbro | Sierra Leone (Sherbro Island)  |  | Traditional African religions
Shilha | Afro-Asiatic → Berber → Shilha | Morocco |  | Islam → Sunni Islam
Shilluk | Nilo-Saharan → Nilotic → Shilluk | South Sudan | Gule | Christianity → Catholicism
Shina | Indo-European → Dardic → Shina, Indo-European → Dardic → Kohistani Shina | Pakistan (Gilgit-Baltistan)  | Kohistani Shina | Islam
Shirazi | Niger–Congo → Atlantic-Congo → Bantu → Swahili | Tanzania (Swahili Coast), Kenya, Mozambique, Comoros | Zanzibaris, and Maore | Islam → Sunni Islam
Shiriana | Arawakan → Shiriana, Arutani language | Brazil (Amazonas, Amazon rainforest), Venezuela (Amazon rainforest)  | Auake |
Shompen | Shompen | India (Great Nicobar Island)  |  | Animism
Shona | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Shona | Zimbabwe (Mashonaland)  | Manyika, Ndau | Christianity
Shopi | Indo-European → Slavic → Bulgarian | Shopluk (Bulgaria, Serbia, North Macedonia)  |  |
Shors | Turkic → Siberian Turkic → Shor | Russia (Kemerovo Oblast)  |  | Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy → Russian Orthodoxy, Shamanism → Shor Shamanism
Shoshone | Uto-Aztecan → Numic → Shoshoni | Wyoming, Idaho, Nevada, Utah (United States)  | Eastern Shoshone, Northern Shoshone, Western Shoshone, Goshute | Native American Church, Christianity
Sibe | Tungusic → Xibe[note 54] | China (Liaoning, Jilin, Xinjiang)[note 3] |  | Shamanism[note 27]
Siberian Tatars | Turkic → Kipchak → Siberian Tatar | Russia (Western Siberia)  | Baraba Tatars, Chats, Eushta Tatars, Kalmak Tatars, Zabolotnie Tatars | Islam → Sunni Islam
Siberian Yupik | Eskaleut → Eskimo → Siberian Yupik, Eskaleut → Eskimo → Naukan | Russia (Chukchi Peninsula), United States (St. Lawrence Island)  | Naukan | Shamanism
Sicilians | Indo-European → Romance → Sicilian, formerly Afro-Asiatic → Arabic → Siculo-Arabic | Italy (Sicily)  | Significant populations in the United States | Christianity → Catholicism
Sidama | Afro-Asiatic → Cushitic → Sidaama | Ethiopia (Sidamia)  |  | Christianity
Siddi | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Swahili[note 66] → Sidi | Pakistan (Baluchistan, Sindh), India (Karnataka, Gujarat, Hyderabad)  |  | Islam
Sierra Leone Creoles | Indo-European → Germanic → English → Krio, Indo-European → Germanic → English → Pichinglis | Sierra Leone | Gambian Creoles, Saros, Krio Fernandinos, with significant populations in the United States | Christianity
Sika | Austronesian → Flores–Lembata → Sika | Indonesia (Sikka Regency)  |  | Christianity → Catholicism
Silesians | Indo-European → Slavic → Silesian, Indo-European → Germanic → High German → Silesian German | Silesia (Poland, Germany, Czech Republic)  | Cieszyn Vlachs, Moravians, along with significant populations in the United States (including Texas)  | Christianity → Catholicism, Protestantism → Lutheranism
Siltʼe | Afro-Asiatic → Semitic → Ethiopic → Gurage → Siltʼe | Ethiopia (Siltia)  |  | Islam
Sindhis | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Sindhi | Pakistan (Sindh)  | Jat, Memon, Arain, Indian Sindhis | Islam → Sunni Islam → Hanafi, Hinduism
Sinhalese | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Sinhala | Sri Lanka | Dewa, British Sri Lankans, Burghers (including Portuguese Burghers and Dutch Burghers)  | Buddhism → Theravada Buddhism
Siona | Tucanoan → Western Tucanoan → Siona | Ecuador (Sucumbios), Colombia (Putumayo)  |  | Animism
Sioux | Siouan → Western Siouan → Sioux[note 2][note 67] | United States (Lakotah)  | Lakota (including Brulé, Oglala, Sans Arc, Hunkpapa, Miniconjou, and Sihasapa) and Dakota (including Mdewakanton)  | Native American religion
Sirenik | Eskaleut → Eskimo → Siberian Yupik,[note 68] formerly Eskaleut → Eskimo → Sirenik | Russia (Sireniki)  |  |
Skokomish | Salishan → Coast Salish → Twana | United States (Skokomish Indian Reservation)  |  |
Slavey  | Na-Dene → Athabaskan → Slavey[note 2] | Canada (Alberta, Northwest Territories)  | Deh Cho, Sahtu | Christianity, Animism
Slovaks | Indo-European → Slavic → Slovak | Slovakia, Czech Republic, Hungary, Austria, and surrounding regions  | Significant populations in Czech Republic, Bulgaria, Hungary, Austria, Serbia, Croatia, United States, Australia, and Canada | Christianity → Catholicism
Slovenes | Indo-European → Slavic → Slovene | Slovenia, Austria (Carinthia), Hungary, Italy (Friuli-Venezia Giulia), Croatia (Istria, Primorje-Gorski Kotar County, Zagreb), and surrounding regions  | Hungarian Slovenes (including Rába Slovenes), Carinthian Slovenes, Prekmurje Slovenes, Italian Slovenes, Croatian Slovenes along with significant populations in the United States, Canada, Australia, Uruguay, Venezuela, Argentina, Croatia, and Italy | Christianity → Catholicism
Soga | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Soga | Uganda (Busoga)  |  | Christianity, Traditional African religions
Somalis | Afro-Asiatic → Cushitic → Somali[note 2] | Greater Somalia (Somalia, Ethiopia, Djibouti, Kenya)  | Hawiye, Darod (including Majeerteen), Isaaq, Dir, Rahanweyn, Madhiban, Yibir, Ajuran along with significant populations in the United States, the United Kingdom, Sweden, and Canada | Islam → Sunni Islam → Shafi'i
Songhai | Songhay languages[note 2] | West Africa | Songhai proper, Zarma, Wogo, Kurtey, Ingalkoyyu, Arma, Belbali, Dendi | Islam
Soninke | Niger–Congo → Mande → Soninke | Mali |  | Islam → Sunni Islam → Maliki
Sonsorolese | Austronesian → Micronesian → Sonsorolese | Palau (Sonsorol)  |  | Christianity
Soqotris | Afro-Asiatic → Modern South Arabian → Soqotri | Yemen (Socotra)  |  | Islam
Sorbs | Indo-European → Slavic → Sorbian[note 2] | Lusatia (Germany, Poland)  | Upper Sorbs, Lower Sorbs, with significant populations in the United States (including Texas)  | Christianity → Catholicism
Sotho | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Sotho | South Africa (Free State), Lesotho |  | Christianity
South Carolina Turks[36] | Indo-European → Germanic → English | United States (Dalzell, Sumter County, South Carolina)  |  | Islam
South Sea Islanders | Indo-European → Germanic → English → Australian English | Australia (Queensland)  |  |
Soyots | Turkic → Siberian Turkic → Taiga Sayan Turkic → Soyot | Russia (Okinsky District)  |  | Shamanism
Spaniards | Indo-European → Romance → Spanish, Indo-European → Romance → Extremaduran, Indo-European → Romance → Asturleonese, Indo-European → Romance → Barranquenho, Spanish Sign language | Spain, Portugal (Barrancos)  | Andalusians, Barranquenhos,[35] Castilians, Leonese, Cantabrians, Extremadurans, Mercheros, Olivenzans | Christianity → Catholicism
Sri Lankan Chetties | Dravidian → Tamiloid → Tamil; Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Sinhala | Sri Lanka |  | Christianity → Catholicism, Christianity → Protestantism → Anglicanism, Christianity → Protestantism → Calvinism
Sri Lanka Kaffirs | Indo-European → Romance → Portuguese Creole → Sri Lankan Portuguese Creole |  |  | Christianity → Catholicism, Buddhism → Theravada Buddhism
Sri Lanka Malays | Austronesian → Malay creoles → Sri Lankan Malay | Sri Lanka |  | Islam → Sunni Islam
Sri Lankan Moors | Dravidian → Tamiloid → Tamil → Sri Lankan Muslim Tamil | Sri Lanka |  | Islam → Sunni Islam
Sui | Kra–Dai → Kam–Sui → Sui | China (Sandu Shui Autonomous County)  |  | Animism
Sukuma | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Sukuma | Tanzania |  | Christianity → Catholicism
Sulanese [id] | Austronesian → Central Maluku → Sula | Indonesia (Sula Islands Regency)  | Fagudu [id], Falahu, Fatcei, Mangon  | Islam → Sunni Islam, Animism
Sumba | Austronesian → Sumba–Flores → Sumba[note 2] | Indonesia (Sumba)  | Anakalangu, East Sumbanese, Kodi, Lamboya, West Sumbanese, Mamboru, Wanukaka | Christianity → Protestantism
Sumbawa | Austronesian → Sumbawa | Indonesia (Sumbawa)  |  | Islam
Sundanese | Austronesian → Malayo-Polynesian → Sundanese-Baduy[note 2] | Indonesia (Java)  | Bantenese, Baduy, Ciptagelar | Islam → Sunni Islam
Surma | Nilo-Saharan → Surmic[note 2] | Ethiopia, South Sudan | Me'en, Mursi, Kichepo | Traditional African religions
Susu | Niger–Congo → Mande → Susu | Guinea, Sierra Leone (Kambia)  |  | Islam
Swahili | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Swahili | Swahili coast (Kenya, Tanzania, Mozambique, Comoros)  |  | Islam
Swazi | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Swazi | South Africa (Mpumalanga), Eswatini |  | Christianity → African Zionism
Swedes | Indo-European → Germanic → Swedish, Indo-European → Germanic → Dalecarlian, Indo-European → Germanic → East Danish → Scanian, Indo-European → Germanic → Gutnish, Indo-European → Germanic → Norrlandic, Indo-European → Germanic → Jamtska, SSLic → Swedish Sign | Sweden, Estonia (Aiboland)  | Scanians, Jamtish, Gutnish, Dalecarlians, Estonian Swedes along with significant populations in the United States, Canada, Argentina, and the United Kingdom | Christianity → Protestantism → Lutheranism
Sylhetis | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Sylheti | Bangladesh (Sylhet Division), India (Barak Valley)  |  | Islam → Sunni Islam
Syrian Turkmen | Turkic → Oghuz → Turkish → Syrian Turkmen | Syria |  | Islam → Sunni Islam, Alevism
Tabaru people [id] | West Papuan → North Halmahera → Tabaru | Indonesia (Jailolo)  |  | Animism
Tabasaran | Northeast Caucasian → Lezgic → Tabasaran | Russia (Dagestan (Tabasaransky District))  |  | Islam → Sunni Islam
Tagalogs | Austronesian → Philippine → Tagalog | Philippines |  | Christianity → Catholicism
Tagish | Na-Dene → Athabaskan → Tagish | Canada (Yukon)  |  |
Tahitians | Austronesian → Polynesian → Tahitian[note 21] | France (Tahiti)  |  | Christianity
Tahltan | Na-Dene → Athabaskan → Tahltan | Canada (Northern British Columbia)  |  |
Tahtacı |  | Turkey (Aegean Region, Mediterranean Region)  |  | Islam and Shamanism → Shia Islam and Shamanism → Alevism and Shamanism
Taidnapam | Formerly Plateau Penutian → Sahaptian → Northwest Sahaptin → Upper Cowlitz; Chinookan, Wakashan, and Indo-European → Lower Chinook, Nootka Jargon, Germanic, and Italic → Chinook Jargon | United States (Yakama Indian Reservation)  | Upper Cowlitz, Lewis River Cowlitz |
Taino | Arawakan → Taino | Greater Antilles |  | Native American religion
Tajiks | Indo-European → Iranian → Persian → Tajik, Francosign → Austro-Hungarian Sign → Russian Sign → Tajik Sign  | Central Asia | Kharduri, Chagatai, with significant populations in Uzbekistan, Pakistan | Islam → Sunni Islam
Tallensi | Atlantic–Congo → Gur → Talni | Ghana (Tallensi Traditional Area), Burkina Faso |  | Tallensi religion
Talysh | Indo-European → Iranian → Talysh | Azerbaijan, Iran |  | Islam → Shia Islam
Tama | Nilo-Saharan → Tama | Chad, Sudan |  | Islam
Tamangs | Sino-Tibetan → Tibeto-Kanauri → Tamang | Nepal, India (Sikkim)  | Waiba, Lopchan, Thokar, Lama  | Hinduism, Buddhism
Tamils | Dravidian → Tamiloid → Tamil; Austronesian → Malayic → Malay-based creoles → Malay Chetty | India (Tamil Nadu), Sri Lanka (Northern and Eastern Provinces)  | Indian Tamils (including Indian Tamils of Sri Lanka[note 69]), Sri Lankan Tamils (including Negombo Tamils),[note 69] Chitty, Giraavaru, Ambattar, along with significant populations in Malaysia, South Africa, the United States, Singapore, Canada, the United Kingdom, and France (including Malbars)  | Hinduism, Islam, Christianity, Jainism
Tampuans | Austroasiatic → Bahnaric → Tampuan | Cambodia (Ratanakiri)  |  | Animism
Tanana Athabaskans | Na-Dene → Athabaskan → Upper Tanana, Na-Dene → Athabaskan → Lower Tanana, Na-Dene → Athabaskan → Tanacross | United States (Interior Alaska), Canada (Western Yukon)  | Lower Tanana, Middle Tanana, Tanacross, Upper Tanana |
Tao | Malayo-Polynesian → Philippine → Batanic →Yami-Itbayat  | Taiwan (Orchid Island)  |  | Christianity, Anitism
Taos | Tanoan → Tiwa → Taos | United States (Taos Pueblo)  |  | Native American religion, Native American Church, Christianity
Tapayuna | Macro-Jê → Jê → Tapayuna | Brazil (Mato Grosso)  |  | Ethnoreligion
Tarok | Niger–Congo → Plateau → Tarok | Nigeria (Plateau State)  |  | Christianity
Tausūg | Austronesian → Bisayan → Tausug | Philippines (Sulu Archipelago)  |  | Islam → Sunni Islam
Tboli | Austronesian → Philippine → Tboli | Philippines (South Cotabato)  |  | Anitism
Tebers | Turkic → Oghuz → Turkish → Teberce | Turkey, Syria, Balkans |  | Islam → Alevism
Tehuelche | Araucanian → Mapudungun, Indo-European → Romance → Spanish |  |
Teke | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Teke | Republic of the Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo |  |
Telengits | Turkic → Kipchak → Southern Altai → Telengit  | Russia (Altai Republic)  |  | Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy, Shamanism, Burkhanism
Telugus | Dravidian → South-Central Dravidian → Telugu | India (Andhra Pradesh, Telangana)  | Kamma, Reddy, Velama, Kapu, Raju, Madiga, Mala, Kaikalas, Adi Andhra | Hinduism, Islam, Christianity
Temne | Niger–Congo → West Atlantic → Mel → Temne | Sierra Leone (Northern Sierra Leone)  |  | Islam
Terena | Arawakan → Terena, Brazilian Sign language, Terena Sign language | Brazil (Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul)  |  | Shamanism
Ternateans [id] | West Papuan → North Halmahera → Ternate | Indonesia (Ternate)  | Tubo, Tobona, Tabanga, Toboleu, Ibu, Jailolo, Ternate-Portuguese  | Islam → Sunni Islam, Animism
Thais | Kra–Dai → Tai → Thai | Thailand | Southern Thai, Khorat, Lanna, Tai Lue, Thai Americans | Buddhism → Theravada Buddhism
Tharus | Indo-European → Indo-Aryan → Tharu | Terai (Nepal, India)  | Kathariya, Danuwar, Lampucchwa, Kochila, Sonha, Dangaura, Rana | Hinduism, Buddhism
Tibetans | Sino-Tibetan → Tibeto-Kanauri → Tibetic,[note 2] Sino-Tibetan → Tibeto-Kanauri → Tshangla → Pemako Tshangla, Tibetan Sign | China (Tibet), Nepal, Bhutan | Amdolese (including Golok and Tebbu), Khams, U-Tsang (including Ngari and Walung), Pemakopas, Changpa, Baima, Kachee | Buddhism → Tibetan Buddhism, Bon
Ticuna | Ticuna–Yuri → Ticuna | Brazil (Amazonas)  |  | Shamanism
Tidore | West Papuan → North Halmahera → Tidore | Indonesia (Tidore)  |  | Islam
Tigrayans | Afro-Asiatic → Ethiopic → Tigrinya | Eritrea (Eritrean Highlands), Ethiopia (Tigrayia)  |  | Christianity → Oriental Orthodoxy
Tigre | Afro-Asiatic → Ethiopic → Tigre | Eritrea |  | Islam
Tiv | Niger–Congo → Tiv | Nigeria (Benue State)  |  | Christianity
Tiwa | Sino-Tibetan → Sal → Tiwa[note 4] | India (Assam, Meghalaya)  |  | Hinduism
Tiwi | Tiwi | Australia (Tiwi Islands)  |  | Alcheringa
Tlapanec | Oto-Manguean → Tlapanec | Mexico (Guerrero)  |  | Christianity → Catholicism
Tlingit | Na-Dene → Tlingit | Canada (British Columbia, Yukon Territory), United States (Alaska, Washington)  |  | Alaska Native religion
Tobelo | West Papuan → North Halmahera → Tobelo | Indonesia (North Halmahera)  |  | Christianity → Protestantism, Animism, Islam → Sunni Islam
Tofalars | Turkic → Siberian Turkic → Tofa | Russia (Tofalariya)  |  | Christianity
Tokelauans | Austronesian → Malayo-Polynesian → Tokelauan | Tokelau |  | Christianity → Congregationalism
Tongans | Austronesian → Polynesian → Tongan | Tonga | Tongan Hawaiians | Christianity
Tooro | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Tooro | Uganda (Tooro Kingdom)  | Abagweri, Abasingo, Abahinda, Ababiito, Abasumbi, Abayaga, Ababwiju, Abasiita, Abasambo, Ababoopi, Ababwooro, Abagaya, Abalebeki, Abango, Abagimu, Abarungu, Abanyakyoozi, Abasoigi[37] | Christianity, Ruhanga
Toraja | Austronesian → South Sulawesi → Toraja | Indonesia (Tana Toraja)  |  | Christianity → Protestantism
Torres Strait Islanders | Pama-Nyungan → Kalaw Lagaw Ya, Eastern Trans-Fly → Meriam, Indo-European → Germanic → English → Torres Strait Creole | Australia (Torres Strait Islands)  |  |
Toubou | Nilo-Saharan → Saharan → Tebu[note 2] | Toubouland (Chad, Niger, Sudan, Libya)  | Daza, Teda | Islam → Sunni Islam
Toucouleur | Atlantic–Congo → Senegambian → Pulaar | Senegal (Futa Tooro)  |  | Islam
Trawara | Indo-European → Dardic → Mankiyali | Pakistan (Danna, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa)  |  |
Tripuri | Sino-Tibetan → Sal → Kokborok | India (Tripura)  | Jamatia, Murasing | Hinduism
Trumai | Trumai | Brazil (Mato Grosso)  |  | Animism
Tsakhurs | Northeast Caucasian → Lezgic → Tsakhur | Russia (Rutulsky District), Azerbaijan (Zagatala and Qakh districts)  |  | Islam → Sunni Islam[38]
Tsez | Northeast Caucasian → Tsezic → Tsez | Russia (Tsuntinsky District)  |  | Islam → Sunni Islam
Tsimshian | Tsimshianic → Maritime Tsimshianic[note 2] | Canada (British Columbia), United States (Alaska)  | Kitasoo, Gitga'ata, Kitkatla, Kitsumkalum, Kitselas, Ginadoiks, Ginaxangiik, Gispaxlo'ots, Gitando, Gitlaan, Gits'iis, Gitwilgyoots, Gitzaxłaał, Giluts'aaw | Alaskan Native religion
Tsonga | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Tsonga | Mozambique (Maputo City and Maputo Province, Gaza Province), South Africa (Limpopo, Mpumalanga)  |  | Christianity → Catholicism
Tswana | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Tswana | Botswana, South Africa (South Tswanaland)  | Balete, Mangwato, Bangwaketse, Bakwena, Batlokwa, Bahurutshe, Bakgatla, Rolong | Christianity
Tuamotuans | Austronesian → Malayo-Polynesian → Polynesian → Tuamotuan | France (Tuamotus)  |  | Christianity
Tujia | Sino-Tibetan → Tujia[note 2][note 70] | China (Wuling Mountains)  |  | Nuo folk religion
Tuluvas | Tulu | India (Karnataka)  |  | Hinduism
Tunica-Biloxi | Indo-European → Germanic → English, Indo-European → Romance → French,[39] Tunica language, Formerly Siouan → Ohio Valley Siouan → Biloxi | United States (Tunica-Biloxi Indian Reservation)  | Biloxi, Tunica |
Tupuri | Niger–Congo → Adamawa → Tupuri | Cameroon (Far North Region), Chad (Mayo-Kebbi)  |  | Christianity
Turkana | Nilo-Saharan → Nilotic → Turkana | Kenya (Turkanaland)  |  | Christianity → Catholicism
Turkmens | Turkic → Oghuz → Turkmen | Turkmenistan, Iran (Turkmen Sahra), Afghanistan | Teke, Yomut, Bayandur, Afshar, Ersari, Chowdur, Saryk, Iranian Turkmens, Afghan Turkmens, with significant populations in Pakistan, Russia, the United Kingdom | Islam → Sunni Islam
Turks | Turkic → Oghuz → Turkish, Turkish Sign | West Asia, the Caucasus, Eastern Europe, and Southeast Europe | Turkish Cypriots, Meskhetian Turks, Yörüks, Amuca, along with significant populations in Bulgaria, Greece, North Macedonia, Germany, France, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Austria, Belgium, Sweden, the United States, Egypt, Syria, Lebanon, Israel, and Palestine | Islam → Sunni Islam, Alevism
Tuscarora | Iroquoian → Northern Iroquoian → Tuscarora | Canada (Ontario), United States (New York, North Carolina)  |  |
Tutchones  | Na-Dene → Athabaskan → Tutchone[note 2] | Canada (Yukon Territory)  | Northern Tutchones, Southern Tutchones | Native American religion
Tutejszy | Indo-European → Slavic → Polish, Indo-European → Slavic → East Slavic,[note 2] Indo-European → Baltic → Eastern Baltic[note 2] | Poland, Ukraine, Belarus, Lithuania, Latvia |  | Christianity → Catholicism, Eastern Orthodoxy → Russian Orthodoxy
Tutsi | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Great Lakes → Rwanda-Rundi[note 40] | Rwanda, Burundi, Democratic Republic of the Congo (Kivu)  | Banyamulenge | Christianity, Islam
Tuvaluans | Austronesian → Malayo-Polynesian → Polynesian → Tuvaluan | Tuvalu |  | Christianity
Tuvans | Turkic → Siberian Turkic → Steppe Sayan Turkic → Tuvan; Turkic → Siberian Turkic → Taiga Sayan Turkic → Tozhu Tuvan, Tere-Khöl Tuvan  | Russia (Tuva), Mongolia (Khovsgol Province)  | Tozhu Tuvans | Buddhism → Tibetan Buddhism
Udis | Northeast Caucasian → Lezgic → Udi | The Caucasus, Russia, Ukraine |  | Christianity → Oriental Orthodoxy
Udmurts | Uralic → Permic → Udmurt | Russia (Udmurtia)  | Besermyan | Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy
Ukrainians | Indo-European → Slavic → Ukrainian, Indo-European → Slavic → Surzhyk, Francosign → Austro-Hungarian Sign → Ukrainian Sign | Ukraine, Russia (Kuban, Siberia), Transcarpathia (Slovakia, Poland), Belarus (Beresteishchyna), and surrounding regions  | Cossacks, Litvins, Pinchuks, along with significant populations in the United States, Mexico, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, Venezuela, France, Portugal, New Zealand, Australia, Kazakhstan, Germany, Canada, Italy, Argentina, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Lithuania, Russia (including Kuban and Siberia), Belarus, Slovakia, Moldova, Armenia, Estonia, Finland, Italy, Serbia, Sweden, the United Kingdom, and Romania | Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy, Christianity → Catholicism → Ukrainian Greek Catholicism
Ulchi | Tungusic → Southern Tungusic → Ulch | Russia (Ulchsky District)  |  |
Ulster Protestants | Indo-European → Germanic → Scots → Ulster Scots, Indo-European → Germanic → English → Ulster English, BANZSL → British Sign | Ulster (United Kingdom, Republic of Ireland)  |  | Christianity → Protestantism
Umatilla | Plateau Penutian → Sahaptian → Umatilla | United States (Oregon)  |  | Native American religion
Upper Kuskokwim | Na-Dene → Athabaskan → Upper Kuskokwim | United States (Interior Alaska)  |  | Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy → Russian Orthodoxy
Urak Lawoi | Austronesian → Malayic → Urak Lawoi | Thailand (Phuket)  |  | Buddhism → Theravada Buddhism
Urhobos | Niger–Congo → Edoid → Urhobo | Nigeria (Delta State)  |  | Christianity
Ute | Uto-Aztecan → Numic → Colorado River Numic → Ute | United States (Colorado, Utah)  |  | Native American Church, Christianity
Uyghurs | Turkic → Karluk → Uyghur, Turkic → Karluk → Tor Uyghur | China (Uyghuristan)  | Kashgartsy and Tor Uyghurs, with significant populations in Kazakhstan | Islam → Sunni Islam
Uzbeks | Turkic → Karluk → Uzbek[note 2] | Uzbekistan | Includes Ming, Yuzi and Kyrk tribes. Significant populations in Russia, Pakistan, Canada, the United States, and Turkey | Islam → Sunni Islam
Valencians | Indo-European → Romance → Catalan → Valencian; LSCic → Valencian Sign | Spain (Valencian Community, Carche)  |  | Christianity → Catholicism[40]
Van Baoria | Indo-European → Rajasthani → Shekhawati | India (Rajasthan)  | Vad Gujar, Param Veldo, Meowoti, Chandia, Gelot  | Hinduism
Vaqueiros de alzada | Indo-European → Romance → Asturleonese | Spain (Asturias, Province of Leon)  |  | Christianity and traditional folk religion → Folk Catholicism → Vaqueiro religion
Vedda | Sinhala-based creoles → Vedda | Sri Lanka | Coast Veddas, Anuradhapura Veddas, Bintenne Veddas  | Animism
Venda | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Tshivenda | South Africa (Vendaland)  |  | Christianity, Traditional African religions
Vepsians | Uralic → Finnic → Veps | Russia (Former Veps National Volost; Vytegorsky, Babayevsky, Podporozhsky, Lodeynopolsky, Tikhvinsky, and Boksitogorsky districts)  |  |
Vietnamese | Austroasiatic → Vietic → Vietnamese | Vietnam | Muong, Gin, Phen, Chứt, Thổ, Nung, Giay, along with significant populations in the United States, Cambodia, France, Australia, Canada, Taiwan, Japan, Korea, Germany, Hong Kong, and Laos | Buddhism → Mahayana, Vietnamese folk religion, Caodaism, Hoa Hao
Vilamovians | Indo-European → Germanic → Wymysorys[note 71] | Poland (Wilamowice)  |  |
Visayans | Austronesian → Philippine → Bisayan[note 2] | Philippines (Visayas)  | Aklanon, Butuanon, Cebuano (including Boholano and Eskaya), Caluyanon, Capiznon, Cuyunon, Hiligaynon, Karay-a, Masbatenos, Negrenses, Porohanon, Romblomanon (including Bantoanons), Waray | Christianity → Catholicism
Volga Tatars | Turkic → Kipchak → Tatar | Russia (Tatarstan)  | Astrakhan Tatars, Kasimov Tatars, Kazan Tatars, Kryashens, Nagaybaks, Nukrat Tatars, Perm Tatars, Teptyars  | Islam → Sunni Islam
Votians | Uralic → Finnic → Votic | Russia (Ingria), Estonia (Ida-Viru), Latvia (Bauska)  | Kreevins, Poluverniki, Kukkuzi | Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy, Christianity → Protestantism → Lutheranism
Wa | Austroasiatic → Palaungic → Wa | Myanmar (Wa State)  |  | Buddhism, Animism
Wakhi | Indo-European → Iranian → Wakhi | Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Pakistan, China |  | Islam → Shia Islam → Isma'ilism → Nizari Isma'ilism
Walla Walla | Plateau Penutian → Sahaptin → Walla Walla  | United States (Oregon, Washington)  |  | Waashat Religion
Walloons | Indo-European → Romance → Walloon, Picard, French → Belgian French; Francosign → Belgian Sign → French Belgian Sign | Belgium (Wallonia, adjacent regions of Flanders), France (Nord-Pas-de-Calais, Ardennes), Netherlands (Dutch Limburg), Germany, Luxembourg | Significant populations in the United States (including Wisconsin) and the Netherlands | Christianity → Catholicism
Warlpiris | Pama–Nyungan → Ngumpin–Yapa → Warlpiri, Indo-European and Pama–Nyungan → Warlpiri and Australian Kriol → Light Warlpiri | Australia (Northern Territory)  |  | Dreamtime
Waropen | Austronesian → Malayo-Polynesian → Waropen | Indonesia (Waropen Regency)  |  | Christianity
Wassamasaw |  | United States (Berkeley County, South Carolina)  |  |
Waxiang | Sino-Tibetan → Sinitic → Waxiang Chinese | China (Hunan)  |  | Chinese folk religion
Wayuu | Arawakan → Wayuunaiki | Colombia (La Guajira), Venezuela |  | Ethnic religion, Christianity → Catholicism
Welayta | Afro-Asiatic → Omotic → Wolaitta | Ethiopia (Wolayitia)  |  | Christianity → Protestantism → P'ent'ay
Welsh | Indo-European → Celtic → Welsh,[note 25] Indo-European → Germanic → English → Welsh English, BANZSL → British Sign | United Kingdom (Wales)  | Significant populations in Argentina, the United States, Canada, and Australia.  | Christianity → Protestantism
Wolane | Afro-Asiatic → Ethiopic → Wolane | Ethiopia (Gurage)  |  |
Wolof | Niger–Congo → Atlantic → Senegambian → Wolof | Senegambia (Senegal, The Gambia)  | Lebu | Islam → Sunni Islam → Sufism → Mouride
Wuikinuxv | Wakashan → Northern Wakashan → Heiltsuk–Oowekyala → Oowekyala | Canada (British Columbia)  |  | Native American religion
Xavante | Macro-Je → Je → Xavante | Brazil (Mato Grosso)  |  | Shamanism
Xerente | Macro-Je → Je → Xerente | Brazil (Tocantins)  |  |
Xhosa | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Nguni → Xhosa | South Africa (Xhosaland)  |  | Christianity
Xokleng | Macro-Je → Je → Xokleng | Brazil (Santa Catarina)  |  |
Yaghnobis | Indo-European → Iranian → Yaghnobi, Indo-European → Iranian → Tajik | Tajikistan (Sughd Region)  |  | Islam → Sunni Islam
Yahgan | Yahgan, Indo-European → Romance → Spanish | Tierra del Fuego (Argentina, Chile)  |  | Christianity → Protestantism
Yakan | Austronesian → Malayo-Polynesian → Barito → Sama–Bajaw → Yakan | Philippines (Basilan)  |  | Islam → Sunni Islam
Yako | Niger–Congo → Cross River → Yako | Nigeria (Yakurr Local Government)  |  | Christianity
Yakuts | Turkic → Siberian → Yakut | Russia (Yakutia)  |  | Christianity → Eastern Orthodoxy
Yali | Trans-New Guinea → Yali | Indonesia (Baliem Valley)  |  | Christianity, Animism
Yanomami | Yanomaman | Southeastern Venezuela, and northern Brazil |  | Shamanism
Yao | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Yao | Malawi, Mozambique, Tanzania (Ruvuma and Mtwara Regions)  |  | Islam and Animism → Yao Folk Islam
Yapese | Austronesian → Oceanic → Yapese | Federated States of Micronesia (Yap)  |  | Christianity
Yenish | Indo-European → Germanic → Yenish | Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Luxembourg, Belgium, and France |  |
Yerukala | Dravidian → South Dravidian I → Yerukala | India (Andhra Pradesh, Telangana)  |  |
Yi | Sino-Tibetan → Loloish[note 2] | China (Yunnan, Sichuan, Guizhou, Guangxi)[note 3] | Phu La, Azha | Bimoism
Yoa-Lokpa | Niger–Congo → Gur → Oti–Volta → Yom, Niger–Congo → Gur → Gurunsi → Lukpa | Benin (Donga Department)  |  |
Yoruba | Niger–Congo → Yoruba, Yoruba Sign | Yorubaland (Nigeria, Benin, Togo)  | Ijesha, Egba, Yewa, Igbomina, Awori, Akoko, Okun, Ana, Ekiti, Ilaje, Ijebu, Oyo, Ondo, Ife, Nagos, with significant populations in the United States and Canada | Islam, Christianity, Yoruba religion
Yuchi | Yuchi language | United States (Tennessee, Alabama, Georgia, South Carolina)[note 9] |  |
Yugambeh | Pama-Nyungan → Bandjalangic → Yugambeh | Australia (Queensland)  |  | Alcheringa
Yugoslavs | Indo-European → Slavic → Serbo-Croatian,[note 2][note 60] Indo-European → Slavic → Macedonian, Indo-European → Slavic → Slovene | Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Slovenia, North Macedonia, Croatia | Significant populations in Serbia, Canada, and the United States |
Yukaghir | Yukaghir languages[note 2] | Russia (Yakutia)  |  | Shamanism
Yup'ik | Eskaleut → Eskimo → Yup'ik | United States (Alaska)  | Nunivak Cupʼig, Chevak Cupʼik | Christianity, Shamanism
Zaghawa | Nilo-Saharan → Saharan → Zaghawa | Chad, Sudan |  | Islam → Sunni Islam
Zamboanguenos | Indo-European → Romance → Spanish → Chavacano | Philippines (Zamboanga City)  |  | Christianity → Catholicism
Zande | Niger–Congo → Zande | Democratic Republic of the Congo, Central African Republic, South Sudan | Barambu | Christianity
Zapotecs | Oto-Manguean → Zapotec[note 2] | Mexico (Oaxaca)  | Ixtlan | Christianity → Catholicism
Zhuang | Kra–Dai → Tai → Zhuang[note 2][note 72] | China (Zhuangia)  |  | Moism
Zomi | Sino-Tibetan → Tibeto-Burman → Kuki-Chin–Naga,[note 2][note 61] Sino-Tibetan → Mruic[note 2] | Zogam (Myanmar, Bangladesh, India)  | Thadou, Paite, Zou, Kom, Koireng, Mizo (including Khiangte, Hmar (including Saihriem and Zote), Renthlei, Chawngthu, Miu-Khumi, and Ralte), Aimol, Sukte, Bawm, Lai, Biate, Chin (including Asho, Mro-Khimi, Mru (including Anok, Tshungma, Domrong, Dopteng, and Rumma), Anu, Chho, Cumtu Chin, and Hkongso (including Kasang, Htey, Kamu, Ngan, Gwa, Hteikloeh, Ngai, Rahnam, Kapu, Kasah, Namte, Krawktu, and Namluek)), Kuki (including Vaiphei, Khelma, Halam (including Korbong), Mate, and Simte) Gangte, and Bnei Menashe | Christianity
Zonians | Indo-European → Germanic → English → American English | Panama (Panama Canal Zone)  |  | Christianity
Zoró | Tupian → Monde → Gavião of Jiparaná → Zoró  | Brazil (Mato Grosso)  |  | Christianity
Zulu | Niger–Congo → Bantu → Nguni → Zulu | South Africa (KwaZulu-Natal)  | Northern Ndebele | Christianity
Zuni | Zuni language | United States (New Mexico)  |  | Christianity
ǃKung | Kxʼa → ǃKung[note 2] | Namibia (Kalahari Desert)  |  | Animism

## Lists of ethnic groups

[edit]

by status:

* List of Indigenous peoples
* List of diasporas
* List of stateless nations

regional lists:

* Ethnic groups in Asia
* Ethnic groups in Northern Asia
* List of ethnic groups in Russia
* List of ethnic groups in East Asia
* List of ethnic groups in China
* List of ethnic groups in Japan
* List of ethnic groups in North Korea
* List of ethnic groups in South Korea
* List of ethnic groups in Taiwan
* List of indigenous peoples of Taiwan
* South Asian ethnic groups
* Ethnic groups in Nepal
* Ethnic groups in Pakistan
* Demographics of Sindh
* List of ethnic groups in Laos
* Ethnic groups in Malaysia
* List of ethnic groups in Vietnam
* List of ethnic groups in Myanmar
* Ethnic groups in the Middle East
* African people
* Indigenous people of Africa
* Ethnic groups in Algeria
* Ethnic groups in Botswana
* Ethnic groups in Burundi
* Ethnic groups in Chad
* List of ethno-linguistic groups in Eritrea
* List of ethnic groups in Ethiopia
* List of ethnic groups in Nigeria
* List of ethnic groups in Rivers State
* Ethnic groups in Rwanda
* List of ethnic groups in Tanzania
* Ethnic groups in Senegal
* Ethnic groups in Sierra Leone
* List of ethnic groups in South Sudan
* List of ethnic groups in Zambia
* European people
* Ethnic groups in Bosnia and Herzegovina
* Classification of indigenous peoples of the Americas
* List of Indigenous Australian group names
* Ethnoreligious group
* Ethnic groups by country

## See also

[edit]

* List of languages by number of native speakers
* List of language families
* Lists of people by nationality
* Lists of active separatist movements
* Uncontacted peoples
* Ethnic flag
* Race (human categorization)
* List of Y-chromosome haplogroups in populations of the world

## Notes

[edit]

1. ^ a b Following the Caucasian War, the majority of Circassians and Abkhazians were deported to Turkey.
2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da db dc dd de df dg dh di dj dk dl dm dn do dp dq dr ds dt du dv dw dx dy dz ea eb ec ed ee ef eg eh ei ej ek el em en eo ep eq er es et eu ev ew ex Language family; with some exceptions, all speakers of the various languages within this family are typically seen as one singular ethnicity.
3. ^ a b c d e f Non-contiguous homeland. Throughout most of its history (if not its entire history), this ethnic group has lived in separate, isolated communities scattered throughout the countries/subdivisions listed.
4. ^ a b c Assamese ethnic group; the vast majority only speak Assamese.
5. ^ Although Akan is the principal language of the Akan people, the Akan language has only recently been standardized. The majority of Akan people still speak their local dialects, which are usually considered by linguists to be separate languages altogether.
6. ^ Due to historical migrations, about half of the Akan population reside in Ivory Coast.
7. ^ Some time around 1860s, many Akha have been migrating to Myanmar, Laos, and Thailand. Today, the majority reside outside of China.
8. ^ a b c d e f g h Due to the a long history of forced assimilation by the American government, the vast majority only speak English.
9. ^ a b c d e f Following the passage of the Indian Removal Act, the Cherokee, the Choctaw, the Chickasaw, and the Muscogee were all forced to relocate their entire population to Oklahoma.
10. ^ Due to the influence of assimilation into Acehnese culture, most Aneuk Jamee people use Acehnese as their everyday language.
11. ^ With the exception of Navajo, all Apachean speakers are seen as one ethnicity. However, due to a history of forced assimilation by the American government, the majority can only speak English.
12. ^ The Argobba have typically been a merchant community and usually trades with other ethnic groups; recently, these factors have resulted in the majority only speaking Amharic or Oromo.
13. ^ During the Armenian genocide that occurred in Western Armenia, many Armenians fled to Russia, France, and the United States. Today, the majority reside outside of Greater Armenia, and Western Armenia no longer has an openly Armenian population (the Hemshin largely avoid identifying themselves as being Armenian, while the vast majority of people that are openly Armenian in Turkey reside in Istanbul, which is not a part of Western Armenia).
14. ^ The Aramaic language morphed into the Neo-Aramaic languages around 1200 AD. Whether the majority of the Assyrians are still speaking these languages is unclear, however.
15. ^ Modern Assyria have seen long periods of violence throughout the region, some of which (such as the Assyrian genocide and the Persecution of Christians by ISIL) have been directed against the Assyrians themselves. This has caused many to flee to places such as the United States and Sweden; it is believed that the majority now reside outside of the Middle East.
16. ^ Eonavian is variously classified as a dialect group of Galician, a transitional variety between Galician and Asturian, and as a separate linguistic group.
17. ^ Due to the widespread presence of both Spanish and French, the majority of Basques only have a passive knowledge of their language.
18. ^ Unlike the rest of the Soviet republics, who were able to maintain their native language despite the de facto Russianization during the Soviet era, the Russian language has largely replaced Belarusian in everyday use.
19. ^ The Beti and the Fang form the Beti-Pahuin peoples. While the term Beti is sometimes used interchangeably to refer to the Beti-Pahuin people, the Beti ethnicity is specifically limited to Ewondo and Eton speakers.
20. ^ Due to their historical low status in India, the majority only speak Bengali.
21. ^ a b c d Due to France's long history of promoting the French language at the expense of others, the vast majority only speak French.
22. ^ Due to the Expulsion of the Chagossians, there are no Chagossians living on the Chagos Archipelago. The majority of Chagossians now live in the United Kingdom, Mauritius, and Seychelles.
23. ^ The last of the Chumashan languages went extinct in 1965 but revival efforts have been ongoing since 2010.
24. ^ The original Egyptian language, which morphed into the Coptic language around the 1st century AD, died out as a spoken language around the 17th century and is now only used for religious ceremonies. Today, the Egyptians, including the Copts, speak Egyptian Arabic.
25. ^ a b c d Due to a long history of English dominance within Great Britain, the Celtic languages within the islands have seen steady decline in use, with some of them eventually going extinct. Although all of them have since seen major language revival movements, English continues to be main language for the majority of this group.
26. ^ a b Due to the a long history of forced assimilation by the Canadian government, the vast majority can only either speak English.
27. ^ a b c d e f Largest practiced religion; the majority/plurality of this group are actually non-religious.
28. ^ Due to their historical low status in India, the majority only speak Gujarati.
29. ^ Endonymically known as iTaukei.
30. ^ a b c This ethnic group is largely a nomadic or semi-nomadic one and do not have a particular area to claim as a primary homeland; these countries are listed here due to having a significant population.
31. ^ The Gabrieleno language went extinct around 1900, but revival efforts have been ongoing since the 2000s. Most are fluent in English and/or Spanish
32. ^ Like its speakers, the Garifuna language is the only remnant of the Island Carib language.
33. ^ Following the Second Carib War, the majority of the Garifuna were deported to Honduras, where they later spread to Guatemala, Belize, and Nicaragua. Since then, Honduras has seen high murder rates, causing many to flee to United States.
34. ^ Many of the Gelao dialects are mutually unintelligible; they are known to intermarry with other ethnic groups; recently, these factors have resulted in most of the populations speaking only Chinese.
35. ^ Although a Nakh people, they are heavily assimilated into Georgian society.
36. ^ Due to their historical low status in India, the majority only speak Hindi.
37. ^ Gorolski is not a distinct language, but rather a group of Lechitic dialects spoken by Gorals that fall into various Lechitic languages.
38. ^ Since Hawaii's annexation into the United States, English has almost completely supplanted Hawaiian.
39. ^ Following the suppression of Miao Rebellion of 1854–1873, the majority of the Hmong fled further south to Guangxi, Yunnan, Vietnam, and Laos.
40. ^ a b Refers specifically to the Kinyarwanda and Kirundi dialects. The other speakers of the dialects within the Rwanda-Rundi continuum are considered to be separate from the Hutu, Tutsi, and Twa peoples.
41. ^ The ResearchGate mirror (archive) contains metadata about the presentation.
42. ^ Due to a lack of mutual intelligibility with other Japanese varieties, the Kagoshima/Satsugū[20][21][22] and Tsugaru[23][note 41] varieties are considered to be distinct languages from other Japanese varieties within a Japanesic language family by the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology within their Glottolog database.[24][25]
43. ^ The majority of the Japanese practiced a syncretised form of Shinto and Buddhism called Shinbutsu-shūgō.
44. ^ Despite the successful revival of the Hebrew language, many Jews continue to speak the various languages that have developed by the diaspora populations, including Yiddish, Ladino, and Judeo-Arabic. In addition, English serves as the lingua franca of Israel.
45. ^ Though many Jewish languages are not genetically related to each other, they are all known to be ethnolects developed by the Jewish diaspora.
46. ^ While Jews originate in the Land of Israel, they were primarily a diaspora ethnicity from the late antique period until 1948, with the Jewish identity being claimed mostly by descendants of those that left Israel following the First Jewish–Roman War. Despite some entire Jewish communities migrating back to Israel, Israeli Jews make up only 45% of the worldwide Jewish population.[26]
47. ^ The Wapan language have largely replaced Jukun Takum as the main language.
48. ^ The indigenous Kalinago language became extinct in the 1920s. However, an offshoot of it known as Garifuna is still spoken today.
49. ^ Due to both Turkification and the tendency among Georgia-residing Laz to see themselves as being a Georgian subgroup, the majority of Laz either speak Turkish or Georgian.
50. ^ The Lhoba speak a variety of Sino-Tibetan languages, all of which may or may not be mutually intelligible.
51. ^ Due to poor soil condition in Madura, the majority now live on Java.
52. ^ The majority of the Magars have recently switched to Nepali.
53. ^ Otherwise known as Keralites or Keralans.
54. ^ a b The majority of the Tungusic languages are endangered, and many Tungusic ethnic groups now mostly speak only Russian or Chinese depending on the location of their homeland.
55. ^ Although the Māori have been able to halt the extinction of their language, the majority still only speak English fluently.
56. ^ Due to gradual Hispanicization following the Occupation of Araucania, the majority of Mapuche can only speak Spanish.
57. ^ Most Maronites today speak Arabic since a language shift around the 17th century with Syriac in liturgical use, however some Maronites in Jish are reviving Aramaic.
58. ^ Tutelo went extinct in 1982, leading most Monacans, Saponi, and Occaneechi to speak English. There has been some interest in reviving Tutelo in the 21st century.[28]
59. ^ The Moriori language went extinct in 1898 but revival efforts have been ongoing since 2001.
60. ^ a b Shtokavian, Chakavian, Kajkavian, Burgenland Croatian, and Slavomolisano are often considered separate languages depending on classification, but Serbian, Croatian, Bosnian, and Montenegrin are typically considered Shtokavian varieties rather than distinct languages due to high degrees of mutual intelligibility.
61. ^ a b The Kuki-Chin–Naga language grouping (it is unclear whether the Kuki-Chin–Naga form an actual language family) consists of five to eight branches. Except for Karbi and Meitei, the Kuki-Chin–Naga is divided between the Chin and the Naga. The Mruic and most of the Kuki-Chin speakers are seen as Chin, while speakers of the remaining Kuki-Chin–Naga branches (Ao, Angami–Pochuri, Tangkhulic, and Zeme) and the speakers Northwestern Kuki-Chin are seen as Naga.
62. ^ a b c Due to a long history of forced assimilation by both American and Canadian governments, the vast majority can only speak English.
63. ^ Though many Para-Romani languages are not genetically related to each other beyond having a Romani substrate, they are all known to be ethnolects developed by the Romani diaspora.
64. ^ The Rusyn identity is mostly limited to those residing outside of Carpathian Ruthenia. Within Carpathian Ruthenia itself (especially in the Ukrainian region), the majority of its residents identify themselves as being Ukrainian.
65. ^ All Ryukyuan speakers are seen as one ethnicity; however, due to a history of forced assimilation by the Japanese government, the majority can only speak Japanese.
66. ^ The Siddi now speak the dominant language of their region.
67. ^ Due to a history of forced assimilation by the American government, the majority can only speak English.
68. ^ Due to the Sirenik language going extinct, Sirenik people have begun using the related Siberian Yupik language in its place.
69. ^ a b The Sri Lankan Tamils and Indian Tamils of Sri Lanka are distinct subgroups. The former are descended from the Tamil community that has lived in Sri Lanka since at least the 2nd century BCE, while the latter are the descendants of 19th- and 20th-century immigrants from South India. Also, most of the Indian Tamil population lives in the country's central highland region, while the native Tamils typically live in the Northern and Eastern Provinces.
70. ^ Due to the widespread presence of Chinese, the majority of Tujia only have a passive knowledge of their language.
71. ^ Due to policies of polonization implemented after World War II, the majority of Vilamovians can only speak Polish.
72. ^ Though many Zhuang languages are not closely related to each other, they are all known to be ethnolects spoken among Zhuangs.

## References

[edit]

1. ^ Williams, Victoria R. (2020). Indigenous Peoples - An Encyclopedia of Culture, History, and Threats to Survival. Vol. 4\. ABC-CLIO. p. 30\. ISBN 9781440861178. Archived from the original on 18 May 2022. Retrieved 10 May 2023.
2. ^ Tulloch, Shelley. "Preserving Inuit Dialects in Nunavut" (PDF).
3. ^ Williams, Victoria R. (2020). Indigenous Peoples - An Encyclopedia of Culture, History, and Threats to Survival. Vol. 4\. ABC-CLIO. p. 47\. ISBN 9781440861178. Archived from the original on 18 May 2022. Retrieved 10 May 2023.
4. ^ Olson, James Stuart (1996). The peoples of Africa: an ethnohistorical dictionary. Santa Barbara, CA: Greenwood Press. p. 18\. ISBN 978-0-313-27918-8.
5. ^ Williams, Victoria R. (2020). Indigenous Peoples - An Encyclopedia of Culture, History, and Threats to Survival. Vol. 4\. ABC-CLIO. p. 56\. ISBN 9781440861178. Archived from the original on 18 May 2022. Retrieved 10 May 2023.
6. ^ Williams, Victoria R. (2020). Indigenous Peoples - An Encyclopedia of Culture, History, and Threats to Survival. Vol. 4\. ABC-CLIO. p. 58\. ISBN 9781440861178. Archived from the original on 18 May 2022. Retrieved 10 May 2023.
7. ^ "Arab | Description, History, & Facts | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 17 October 2022.
8. ^ "A manual of the historical grammar of Arabic" (PDF). Ahmad Al Jallad. Retrieved 13 October 2022.
9. ^ Chapman, Colin (2012). "Christians in the Middle East - Past, Present and Future". Transformation: An International Journal of Holistic Mission Studies. 29 (2): 91–110. doi:10.1177/0265378812439955. S2CID 145722860.
10. ^ Chatty, Dawn (15 March 2010). Displacement and Dispossession in the Modern Middle East. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-81792-9.
11. ^ "The Botlikhs". The Red Book of the Peoples of the Russian Empire. Institute of the Estonian Language. Archived from the original on 28 March 2023. Retrieved 27 March 2023.
12. ^ De McLaurin, Ronald (1979). The Political Role of Minority Groups in the Middle East. Michigan University Press. p. 114\. ISBN 9780030525964. "Theologically, one would have to conclude that the Druze are not Muslims. They do not accept the five pillars of Islam. In place of these principles the Druze have instituted the seven precepts noted above.."
13. ^ "Druze in Syria". Harvard University. "The Druze are an ethnoreligious group concentrated in Syria, Lebanon, and Israel with around one million adherents worldwide. The Druze follow a millenarian offshoot of Isma'ili Shi'ism. Followers emphasize Abrahamic monotheism but consider the religion as separate from Islam."
14. ^ Sevinç, Necdet (1983). Gaziantep'de yer adları ve Türk boyları, Türk aşiretleri, Türk oymakları (in Turkish). pp. 71–72. "Güney Azerbaycan'da da İlbekli = İlbeğli adında bir Türk aşireti vardır."
15. ^ Azer, San'an (1942). Iran Türkleri. Cumhuriyet Matbaası. p. 12.
16. ^ a b Исследование традиционной культуры и быта молокан-эрзя в Армении. НИИ ГН при правительстве Республики Мордовия
17. ^ Williams, Victoria R. (2020). Indigenous Peoples - An Encyclopedia of Culture, History, and Threats to Survival. Vol. 4\. ABC-CLIO. p. 351\. ISBN 9781440861178. Archived from the original on 18 May 2022. Retrieved 9 May 2023.
18. ^ "Government Publishes Bill to recognise British Sign Language as a language of Gibraltar - 274/2022". Government of Gibraltar. 19 April 2022. Archived from the original on 23 November 2022. Retrieved 24 November 2022.
19. ^ Anita Sujoldžić, "Molise Croatian Idiom" Archived 6 October 2014 at the Wayback Machine, Coll. Antropol. 28 Suppl. 1 (2004) 263–274

> Along with the institutional support provided by the Italian government and Croatian institutions based on bilateral agreements between the two states, the Slavic communities also received a new label for their language and a new ethnic identity – Croatian, and there have been increasing tendencies to standardize the spoken idiom on the basis of Standard Croatian. It should be stressed, however, that although they regarded their different language as a source of prestige and self-appreciation, these communities have always considered themselves to be Italians who in addition have Slavic origins and at best accept to be called Italo-Slavi, while the term "Molise Croatian" emerged recently as a general term in scientific and popular literature to describe the Croatian-speaking population living in the Molise.

20. ^ Kindaichi, Haruhiko; Umeyo Hirano (1989). The Japanese language. Translation: Umeyo Hirano. Tuttle Publishing. p. 55\. ISBN 978-0-8048-1579-6.
21. ^ Schwartz, William L. (1915). "A Survey of the Satsuma Dialect in Three Parts". Transactions of the Asiatic Society of Japan. 43 (2). Asiatic Society of Japan: 14 - via Internet Archive. "It is a well known fact that there are two provinces in the extremities of our country where the language of the inhabitants cannot be understood by Tokyo people, viz. — Mutsu in the North, and Satsuma in the South."
22. ^ Hattori, Shiro (1973). Hoenigswald, Henry M. (ed.). "Japanese Dialects". Diachronic, Areal, and Typological Linguistics: 375. doi:10.1515/9783111418797-017. ISBN 9783111418797 - via De Gruyter Mouton. "The dialect of the city is incomprehensible to the people of Honshu, although it is classified among the Mainland dialects because of a great linguistic gap between it and those of the Ryukyu Archipelago."
23. ^ Takubo, Yukinori (8 August 2018). Mutual Intelligibility as a measure of linguistic distance and intergenerational transmission (PDF). Approaches to Endangered Languages in Japan and Northeast Asia: Description, Documentation and Revitalization. National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics. pp. 16 and 29. doi:10.13140/RG.2.2.12014.66880. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 December 2022 - via ResearchGate.
24. ^ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian (5 December 2022). Hammarstrom, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian (eds.). "Kagoshima". Glottolog (4.7 ed.). Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology. doi:10.5281/zenodo.7398962. Archived from the original on 27 December 2022. Retrieved 27 December 2022.
25. ^ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian (5 December 2022). Hammarstrom, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian (eds.). "Tsugaru". Glottolog (4.7 ed.). Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology. doi:10.5281/zenodo.7398962. Archived from the original on 27 December 2022. Retrieved 27 December 2022.
26. ^ "World Jewish population rises to 15 Million | The Jewish Agency". www.jewishagency.org. Retrieved 9 June 2024.
27. ^ Due to the 1923 Greek-Turkish population exchange, the majority now live in Greece.
28. ^ Antrim, Aislinn (4 June 2019). "Rebuilding the Tutelo-Saponi language for tribe's next generation". Indian Country Today. Archived from the original on 3 August 2021. Retrieved 14 September 2022.
29. ^ Juha Janhunen (1996). Manchuria: An Ethnic History. Finno-Ugrian Society. pp. 111–112. ISBN 978-951-9403-84-7.
30. ^ Williams, Victoria R. (2020). Indigenous Peoples - An Encyclopedia of Culture, History, and Threats to Survival. Vol. 4\. ABC-CLIO. p. 765\. ISBN 9781440861178. Archived from the original on 18 May 2022. Retrieved 10 May 2023.
31. ^ Part I - Mormons as an Ethno-Religious Group. ebooks.cambridge.org. 29 September 2014. ISBN 9781107027978. Retrieved 22 September 2022.
32. ^ "2021 Norfolk Island, Census All Persons QuickStats". Australian Bureau of Statistics. 10 August 2021. Archived from the original on 30 October 2022. Retrieved 30 October 2022.
33. ^ Williams, Victoria R. (2020). Indigenous Peoples - An Encyclopedia of Culture, History, and Threats to Survival. Vol. 4\. ABC-CLIO. p. 833\. ISBN 9781440861178. Archived from the original on 18 May 2022. Retrieved 9 May 2023.
34. ^ "2013 Census ethnic group profiles: Pitcairn Islander". Archived from the original on 3 August 2020. Retrieved 29 July 2020.
35. ^ a b Clements, Joseph; Amaral, Patrícia; Garrett, Jordan (2021). "Social identity and the formation and development of Barranquenho". In Sippola, Eeva; Matras, Yaron; Mazzoli, Maria (eds.). New Perspectives on Mixed Languages: From Core to Fringe. Language Contact and Bilingualism. Vol. 18\. Boston/Berlin: De Gruyter. p. 249\. doi:10.1515/9781501511257-008. ISBN 9781501517266. S2CID 236374063.
36. ^ Ognibene, Terri Ann; Browder, Glen (2018), South Carolina's Turkish People: A History and Ethnology, University of South Carolina, p. 64, ISBN 9781611178593
37. ^ Kaji, Shigeki (2007). A Rutooro Vocabulary. PanLex Project The Long Now Foundation. アジア・アフリカ言語文化研究所. pp. 190–196. ISBN 978-4-87297-890-2.
38. ^ "The Tsakhurs". The Red Book of the Peoples of the Russian Empire. Institute of the Estonian Language. Archived from the original on 15 June 2023. Retrieved 28 July 2023.
39. ^ Jeffrey P. Brain and Frank W. Porter (1990). The Tunica-Biloxi. Chelsea House Publishers. p. 93. ISBN 978-1555467319.
40. ^ Nafría, Ismael (2 April 2015). "Interactivo: Creencias y prácticas religiosas en España". La Vanguardia. Archived from the original on 4 April 2015. Retrieved 28 May 2023.

* Levinson, David (1998). Ethnic Groups Worldwide: A Ready Reference Handbook. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 978-1-57356-019-1.

* v
* t
* e

Ethnicity

Concepts|

* Clan
* Ethnic group
* Ethnographic group
* Ethnolinguistic group
* Ethnonational group
* Ethnoreligious group
* Ethnographic realism
* Diaspora
* Immigration
* Hyphenated ethnicity
* Indigenous peoples
* In-group and out-groups
* Meta-ethnicity
* Metroethnicity
* Minority group
* Influence
* Monoethnicity
* Nation
* Nationality
* Panethnicity
* Polyethnicity
* Population
* Race
* Supraethnicity
* Symbolic ethnicity
* Tribe

Ethnology|

* Anthropology
* Ethnic studies
* Ethnoarchaeology
* Ethnobiology
* Ethnobotany
* Ethnoecology
* Ethnomycology
* Ethnozoology
* Ethnocinema
* Ethnogeology
* Ethnography
* Autoethnography
* Clinical
* Critical
* Institutional
* Netnography
* Online
* Person-centered
* Salvage
* Transidioethnography
* Video
* Ethnohistory
* Ethnolinguistics
* Ethnology
* Ethnomathematics
* Ethnostatistics
* Ethnomedicine
* Ethnomethodology
* Ethnomuseology
* Ethnomusicology
* Ethnophilosophy
* Ethnopoetics
* Ethnopsychopharmacology
* Ethnoscience
* Ethnosemiotics
* Ethnotaxonomy

Groups by region|

* World
* Contemporary ethnic groups
* Countries by ethnic groups
* Africa
* Americas
* Indigenous
* Canada
* Greenland
* Mexico
* United States
* Caribbean
* Central America
* South America
* Asia
* Central Asia
* East Asia
* Northern Asia
* South Asia
* Southeast Asia
* West Asia
* Australia
* Aboriginal groups
* Torres Strait Islanders
* Europe
* Oceania
* Indigenous
* European

Identity and
ethnogenesis

* Cross-race effect
* Cultural assimilation
* Cultural identity
* Demonym
* Development
* Endonym
* Ethnarch
* Ethnic flag
* Ethnic option
* Ethnic origin
* Ethnic religion
* Ethnicity in censuses
* Ethnofiction
* Ethnonym
* Folk religion
* Historical
* Imagined community
* Kinship
* Legendary progenitor
* Linguistic homeland
* Mores
* Mythomoteur
* Nation-building
* Nation state
* National language
* National myth
* Origin myth
* Pantribal sodality
* Statistext
* Tribal name
* Tribalism
* Detribalization
* Neotribalism
* White ethnic

Multiethnic society|

* Consociationalism
* Cultural appropriation
* Diaspora politics
* Dominant minority
* Ethnic democracy
* Ethnic enclave
* Ethnic interest group
* Ethnic majority
* Ethnic media
* Ethnic nationalism
* Ethnic pornography
* Ethnic theme park
* Ethnoburb
* Ethnocracy
* Ethnographic film
* Ethnographic village
* Ethnopluralism
* Indigenous rights
* Middleman minority
* Minority rights
* Model minority
* Model minority myth
* Multinational state

Ideology and
ethnic conflict

* Allophilia
* Ethnic bioweapon
* Ethnic cleansing
* Ethnic hatred
* Ethnic joke
* Ethnic party
* Ethnic penalty
* Ethnic slurs
* Ethnic stereotype
* Ethnic violence
* Ethnic riots
* Ethnocentrism
* Ethnocide
* Ethnofuturism
* Ethnosymbolism
* Indigenism
* Indigenization
* Nativism
* Separatist movements
* Xenocentrism
* Xenophilia
* Xenophobia

Related|

* Minzu (anthropology)

* v
* t
* e

Indigenous peoples of the world by continent

Africa

Eurasia

North America

Oceania

South America

|
|
|
|

Indigenous peoples by geographic regions
*[v]: View this template
*[t]: Discuss this template
*[e]: Edit this template