List of costliest Atlantic hurricanes

Damage in Long Beach, Mississippi following Hurricane Katrina.

This is a list of the costliest Atlantic hurricanes, with US$1 billion (nominal) in property damage, broadly capturing the severity of the damage each tropical cyclone has caused. The list includes tropical storms, a tropical cyclone with a peak 1-minute maximum sustained wind in the range of 39–73 mph (63–118 km/h), placing them below the 74 mph (119 km/h) minimum needed to attain hurricane status.

## History

[edit]

The number of $1 billion Atlantic hurricanes almost doubled from the 1980s to the 2010s, and inflation-adjusted costs have increased more than elevenfold.[1] The increases have been attributed to climate change, more people moving to coastal areas,[1] and the dramatic increase in construction costs since 1980.[2][3][4][5]

The record of the costliest tropical cyclone in the Atlantic is held jointly by hurricanes Katrina (2005) and Harvey (2017), both of which resulted in approximately $125 billion in property damage during the year they occurred. These storms are also the costliest tropical cyclones recorded worldwide. The hurricane seasons of those two hurricanes, the 2005 and 2017 Atlantic hurricane seasons, are also the two costliest hurricane seasons recorded.

Most of the costliest Atlantic hurricanes in recorded history have peaked as major hurricanes. However, weaker tropical cyclones can still cause widespread damage. Tropical storms Alberto in 1994, Allison in 2001, Lee in 2011, Imelda in 2019 and Fred of 2021 each caused over a billion dollars in damage. As of 2023, no numbered tropical depressions have become a billion-dollar disaster.

List of costliest Atlantic hurricane seasons (as of 2024) Rank  | Cost  | Season

|
|

1  | ≥ $294.803 billion  | 2017
2  | > $190.286 billion  | 2024
3  | $172.297 billion  | 2005
4  | $117.708 billion  | 2022
5  | ≥ $80.827 billion  | 2021
6  | $72.341 billion  | 2012
7  | $61.148 billion  | 2004
8  | $54.336 billion  | 2020
9  | ≥ $50.526 billion  | 2018
10  | ≥ $48.855 billion  | 2008

Flooding typically accounts for about 60% of all of a storm's damages,[citation needed] and this is reflected in the list with Harvey, Florence, and most recently Ida, which produced catastrophic rainfall; and with Katrina, Ike, Sandy, and Ian which produced devastating storm surges. Wind damage encompasses a large portion of storm damage as well, evidenced by Andrew, Irma, and Michael. Due to their excessive damage, the names of tropical cyclones accruing at least $1 billion in damage are usually retired by the World Meteorological Organization, but this is not always the case. Juan in 1985 was the first hurricane to cause at least a billion in damage and not be retired; its name was retired after a later usage (2003) that did not cause over a billion in damage. Since Juan, nine tropical cyclones that caused at least a billion in damage were not retired, the most notable of which being Sally in 2020 which caused at least $7.3 billion, the costliest storm not to have its name retired. As of March 21, 2024, the most recent billion-dollar hurricane to not have its name retired was Idalia in 2023.

The first hurricane to cause at least $1 billion in damage was Betsy in 1965, which caused much of its damage in southeastern Louisiana. Four years later, Camille caused over $1 billion in damage as it ravaged Louisiana and Mississippi at landfall, and Virginia after moving inland. After the 1960s, each decade saw an increase in tropical cyclones causing at least a billion in damage over the last, due to increasing urban development and population. In the 1970s, four hurricanes caused at least a billion in damage; the costliest of which was Agnes, which caused $2.1 billion in damage. The following decade featured seven hurricanes causing at least a billion in damage. In the 1990s, twelve tropical cyclones accrued at least a billion in damage, including Hurricane Andrew in 1992. The system greatly exceeded the damage figure of any preceding tropical cyclone, causing $27.3 billion in damage, mostly in South Florida. Nineteen tropical cyclones in the 2000s caused at least $1 billion in damage. The 2005 season had six billion-dollar hurricanes, the most of any season on record; this record was later surpassed in 2020, with eight billion-dollar hurricanes. Hurricanes Ivan (2004) and Irma (2017) caused at least $1 billion in damage in four separate countries. In the 2010s, twelve storms caused at least $1 billion in damage.[6] Hanna was the first storm of the 2020s to become a billion dollar disaster.[7]

## Methodology

[edit]

A collage of the top ten costliest Atlantic hurricanes, up to 2023, in descending cost from top left to lower right.

This list ranks tropical cyclones within the Atlantic that have accrued at least US$1 billion in damage, based on their nominal USD damage totals. Because the impact of inflation has not been adjusted out of these figures, they do not allow for the fact that $0.12 billion in 1965 (the earliest hurricane shown on the list) would be equivalent to $0.9 billion in 2023, or that it would require $7.4 billion in 2023 to be equivalent to $1 billion in 1965. Furthermore, the figures have not been adjusted for changes in population and wealth in coastal counties, making it hard to accurately compare the damage inflicted by hurricanes over time.

In 2018, Roger A. Pielke Jr. and Christopher Landsea published a peer-reviewed study in the scientific journal Nature Sustainability, which gave an estimate of the direct economic losses in the continental United States from 1900 to 2017 from each hurricane if that same event was to occur under contemporary (2017) societal conditions.[8] The general formula for normalized losses  D 2018 {\displaystyle D_{2018}} is

D 2018 = D y × I y × R W P C y × P 2018 / y {\displaystyle D_{2018}=D_{y}\times I_{y}\times RWPC_{y}\times P_{2018/y}}

where  D y {\displaystyle D_{y}} is reported damage in current-year US dollars,  I y {\displaystyle I_{y}} is the GDP deflator for inflation adjustment,  R W P C y {\displaystyle RWPC_{y}} is an estimate of current-cost net stock of fixed assets and consumer durable goods to capture changes in real wealth per-capita, and  P 2018 / y {\displaystyle P_{2018/y}} county population adjustment.[8]

As the results of the Pielke / Landsea study do not extend beyond 2017, the column for normalized damage, shown in the list, is not available beyond that year.

## Overall costliest

[edit]

was the costliest Atlantic hurricane at the time it dissipated

data not available as source report ends with 2017[8]

† indicates that the storm's impact in that season did not result in its name being retired

Costliest Atlantic hurricanes  Name  | Nominal damage
(Billions USD)  | Normalized damage
(Billions USD)  | Season  | Storm classification
at peak intensity  | Areas affected  | References

|
|
|
|
|
|

Katrina | $125.0 | $116.9 | 2005 | Category 5 hurricane |

* Louisiana
* Mississippi
* The Bahamas
* United States Gulf Coast
* South Florida
* Northeast
* Eastern Canada

| [9][10]
Harvey | $125.0 | $62.2 | 2017 | Category 4 hurricane |

* Texas
* Louisiana
* South America
* Central America
* The Caribbean
* Yucatan Peninsula

| [10][11]
Ian | $113.1 | data not available | 2022 | Category 5 hurricane |

* Trinidad and Tobago
* Venezuela
* Colombia
* ABC islands
* Jamaica
* Cayman Island
* Cuba
* Southeast United States

| [12][failed verification]
Maria | $91.6 | 2017 | Category 5 hurricane |

* Puerto Rico
* Lesser Antilles
* Greater Antilles
* Caribbean Sea
* Eastern United States

| [13]

Helene

| $87.9 (Unofficially)  | 2024 |

Category 4 hurricane

* Yucatán Peninsula
* Honduras
* Cayman Islands
* Cuba
* Southeastern United States
* Midwestern United States

| [14]
Milton | $85.0 (Unofficially)  | 2024 | Category 5 hurricane |

* Mexico
* Florida
* The Bahamas

| [15][16]
Irma | $77.2 | $31.0 | 2017 | Category 5 hurricane |

* Lesser Antilles
* Greater Antilles
* Caribbean Sea
* Eastern United States

| [10]
Ida | $75.2 | data not available | 2021 | Category 4 hurricane |

* Venezuela
* Colombia
* Panama
* Cayman Islands
* Cuba
* Southeastern United States
* Northeastern United States
* Canada

| [17][18]
Sandy | $68.7 | $73.5 | 2012 | Category 3 hurricane |

* The Caribbean
* United States East Coast
* Eastern Canada

| [10][19]
Ike | $38.0 | $35.2 | 2008 | Category 4 hurricane |

* Greater Antilles
* Texas
* Louisiana
* Midwestern United States
* Eastern Canada
* Iceland

| [12][20][21]
Andrew | $27.3 | $106.0 | 1992 | Category 5 hurricane |

* The Bahamas
* Florida
* Louisiana

| [12][22]
Ivan | $26.1 | $25.9 | 2004 | Category 5 hurricane |

* The Caribbean
* Venezuela
* United States Gulf Coast

| [12][23][24]
Michael | $25.5 | data not available | 2018 | Category 5 hurricane |

* Central America
* Florida
* Georgia
* United States Gulf Coast
* Eastern United States
* Eastern Canada
* Iberian Peninsula

| [25][26]
Florence | $24.2 | 2018 | Category 4 hurricane |

* West Africa
* Cape Verde
* Bermuda
* Eastern United States
* Atlantic Canada

| [26][27]
Laura | $23.3 | 2020 | Category 4 hurricane |

* Leeward Islands
* Puerto Rico
* Dominican Republic
* Haiti
* Cuba
* Southeastern United States

| [28][29]
Wilma | $22.4 | $31.9 | 2005 | Category 5 hurricane |

* Greater Antilles
* Central America
* Florida

| [30][31][32][33]
Rita | $18.5 | $14.9 | 2005 | Category 5 hurricane |

* Cuba
* Texas
* Louisiana

| [34]
Charley | $16.9 | $26.9 | 2004 | Category 4 hurricane |

* Jamaica
* Cayman Islands
* Cuba
* Florida
* The Carolinas

| [35][12]
Matthew | $16.5 | $8.6 | 2016 | Category 5 hurricane |

* Colombia
* Venezuela
* The Caribbean
* United States East Coast

| [36][37]
Irene | $14.2 | $10.8 | 2011 | Category 3 hurricane |

* The Caribbean
* United States East Coast
* Eastern Canada

| [38][39][40]
Hugo | $11.0 | $25.1 | 1989 | Category 5 hurricane |

* The Caribbean
* United States East Coast

| [12][41]
Frances | $10.1 | $16.5 | 2004 | Category 4 hurricane |

* The Caribbean
* Eastern United States
* Ontario

| [12][23][42][43]
Georges | $9.3 | <$6.0 | 1998 | Category 4 hurricane |

* The Caribbean
* United States Gulf Coast

| [10][44][45][46][47][48]
Allison | $9.0 | <$6.0 | 2001 | Tropical storm |

* Texas
* Louisiana
* Southern United States

| [49][12][50]
Eta | $8.3 | data not available | 2020 | Category 4 hurricane |

* The Caribbean
* Central America
* Cuba
* Eastern United States

| [18]
Gustav | $8.3 | <$6.0 | 2008 | Category 4 hurricane |

* Hispaniola
* Jamaica
* Cuba
* Louisiana

| [12][20]
Jeanne | $7.9 | $13.6 | 2004 | Category 3 hurricane |

* The Caribbean
* Eastern United States

| [12][23][51][52]
Beryl | $7.7 | data not available | 2024 | Category 5 hurricane |

* Barbados
* Venezuela
* Caribbean
* Yucatán Peninsula
* United States
* Eastern Canada

| [53]
Sally †  | $7.3 | 2020 | Category 2 hurricane |

* The Bahamas
* Florida
* Southeastern United States

| [54][29]
Debby | $7.0 | 2024 | Category 1 hurricane |

* Caribbean
* East Coast of the United States
* Atlantic Canada

| [55]
Floyd | $6.5 | $13.9 | 1999 | Category 4 hurricane |

* The Bahamas
* Eastern United States
* Atlantic Canada

| [12][56]
Mitch | $6.1 | <$6.0 | 1998 | Category 5 hurricane |

* Central America
* Yucatán Peninsula
* South Florida

| [57][58][59]
Isabel | $5.5 | <$6.0 | 2003 | Category 5 hurricane |

* Greater Antilles
* The Bahamas
* Eastern United States
* Ontario

| [12][60]
Dorian | $5.1 | data not available | 2019 | Category 5 hurricane |

* The Caribbean
* The Bahamas
* Eastern United States
* Atlantic Canada

| [61]
Imelda †  | $5.0 | 2019 | Tropical storm |

* Texas
* Louisiana
* Oklahoma
* Arkansas

| [62]
Fran | $5.0 | $11.1 | 1996 | Category 3 hurricane |

* Eastern United States
* Ontario

| [12]
Isaias †  | $5.0 | data not available | 2020 | Category 1 hurricane |

* Puerto Rico
* Dominican Republic
* Haiti
* Bahamas
* Eastern United States

| [63]
Opal | $4.7 | $10.0 | 1995 | Category 4 hurricane |

* Guatemala
* Yucatán Peninsula
* Eastern United States

| [12][64]
Zeta †  | $4.4 | data not available | 2020 | Category 3 hurricane |

* Jamaica
* Yucatan Peninsula
* Louisiana
* Mississippi

| [65]
Dennis | $4.0 | <$6.0 | 2005 | Category 4 hurricane |

* Greater Antilles
* Southeastern United States

| [12][30][66]
Stan | $3.9 | <$6.0 | 2005 | Category 1 hurricane |

* Mexico
* Central America

| [51][67]
Karl †  | $3.9 | <$6.0 | 2010 | Category 3 hurricane |

* Mexico
* Central America

| [68]
Idalia †  | $3.5 | data not available | 2023 | Category 4 hurricane |

* Yucatán Peninsula
* Cuba
* Eastern United States

| [69]
Fiona | $3.4 | 2022 | Category 4 hurricane |

* Lesser Antilles
* Puerto Rico
* Dominican Republic
* Bahamas
* Turks and Caicos Islands
* Bermuda
* Eastern Canada

| [70]
Luis | $3.3 | <$6.0 | 1995 | Category 4 hurricane |

* Leeward Islands
* Puerto Rico
* Bermuda

| [64]
Isaac †  | $3.1 | <$6.0 | 2012 | Category 1 hurricane |

* The Caribbean
* Eastern United States

| [71]
Delta †  | $3.0 | data not available | 2020 | Category 4 hurricane |

* Jamaica
* Cayman Islands
* Yucatan Peninsula
* Southeastern United States

| [18][72]
Alicia | $3.0 | $13.6 | 1983 | Category 3 hurricane |

* East Texas
* Louisiana

| [73]
Gilbert | $3.0 | <$6.0 | 1988 | Category 5 hurricane |

* Venezuela
* Central America
* Hispaniola
* Mexico

| [74]
Lee †  | $2.8 | <$6.0 | 2011 | Tropical storm |

* Louisiana
* Mississippi

| [75]
Marilyn | $2.5 | <$6.0 | 1995 | Category 3 hurricane |

* The Caribbean
* Bermuda

| [12][64]
Michelle | $2.4 | <$6.0 | 2001 | Category 4 hurricane |

* Central America
* Jamaica
* Cuba
* The Bahamas

| [46][50]
Agnes | $2.1 | $26.0 | 1972 | Category 1 hurricane |

* Mexico
* Cuba
* Eastern United States

| [12][76]
Joan | $2.0 | <$6.0 | 1988 | Category 4 hurricane |

* Lesser Antilles
* Colombia
* Venezuela
* Central America

| [74]
Fifi | $1.8 | <$6.0 | 1974 | Category 2 hurricane |

* Jamaica
* Central America
* Mexico

| [77][78]
Frederic | $1.8 | <$6.0 | 1979 | Category 4 hurricane |

* The Caribbean
* Southeastern United States

| [79]
Dean | $1.7 | <$6.0 | 2007 | Category 5 hurricane |

* The Caribbean
* Central America

| [51][80]
Dolly †  | $1.6 | <$6.0 | 2008 | Category 2 hurricane |

* Cayman Islands
* Mexico
* Southwestern United States

| [20]
Allen | $1.6 | <$6.0 | 1980 | Category 5 hurricane |

* The Caribbean
* Yucatán Peninsula
* Mexico
* South Texas

| [51][81][82]
David | $1.5 | <$6.0 | 1979 | Category 5 hurricane |

* The Caribbean
* United States East Coast

| [51][79]
Alex †  | $1.5 | <$6.0 | 2010 | Category 2 hurricane |

* Central America
* Greater Antilles
* Texas

| [83][84][85][86]
Juan †  | $1.5 | <$6.0 | 1985 | Category 1 hurricane |

* United States Gulf Coast

| [12]
Bob | $1.5 | <$6.0 | 1991 | Category 3 hurricane |

* United States East Coast
* Canada

| [87]
Roxanne | $1.5 | <$6.0 | 1995 | Category 3 hurricane |

* Mexico

| [64]
Ingrid | $1.5 | <$6.0 | 2013 | Category 1 hurricane |

* Mexico

| [12]
Francine | $1.5 | data not available | 2024 | Category 2 hurricane |

* Eastern Mexico
* Gulf Coast of the United States

| [88]
Betsy | $1.4 | <$6.0 | 1965 | Category 4 hurricane |

* Louisiana
* South Florida
* Caribbean

| [12]
Camille | $1.4 | $26.4 | 1969 | Category 5 hurricane |

* Mississippi
* Louisiana
* Alabama
* Virginia
* Cuba

| [12]
Iota | $1.4 | data not available | 2020 | Category 4 hurricane |

* Colombia
* Central America

| [89]
Elena | $1.3 | <$6.0 | 1985 | Category 3 hurricane |

* Cuba
* United States Gulf Coast

| [90]
Isidore | $1.3 | <$6.0 | 2002 | Category 3 hurricane |

* Cuba
* Yucatán Peninsula
* Louisiana

| [91][92]
Fred †  | $1.3 | data not available | 2021 | Tropical storm |

* Puerto Rico
* Hispaniola
* Cuba
* Jamaica
* Southeastern United States

| [18]
Hanna †  | $1.2 | 2020 | Category 1 hurricane |

* Hispaniola
* Cuba
* Gulf Coast of the United States
* Mexico

| [29]
Elsa †  | $1.2 | 2021 | Category 1 hurricane |

* Lesser Antilles
* Greater Antilles
* Venezuela
* Colombia
* East Coast of the United States
* Atlantic Canada

| [18]
Lili | $1.2 | <$6.0 | 2002 | Category 4 hurricane |

* Lesser Antilles
* Greater Antilles
* Gulf Coast of the United States

| [12]
Nicholas †  | $1.1 | data not available | 2021 | Category 1 hurricane |

* Mexico
* Gulf Coast of the United States

| [93]
Nicole †  | $1.0 | 2022 | Category 1 hurricane |

* Puerto Rico
* Dominican Republic
* Bahamas
* South Atlantic states

| [94]
Alberto †  | $1.0 | <$6.0 | 1994 | Tropical storm |

* Southeastern United States

| [75]
Emily †  | $1.0 | <$6.0 | 2005 | Category 5 hurricane |

* The Caribbean
* Honduras
* Belize
* Mexico
* Texas

| [10]
Bonnie †  | $1.0 | <$6.0 | 1998 | Category 3 hurricane |

* Lesser Antilles
* East Coast of the United States

| [10]

## See also

[edit]

* Tropical cyclones portal

* List of the costliest tropical cyclones
* List of the deadliest tropical cyclones
* List of the most intense tropical cyclones

## References

[edit]

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