List of cryptosporidiosis outbreaks

This list is incomplete; you can help by adding missing items. (September 2023)

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Cryptosporidiosis is a parasitic disease caused by Cryptosporidium. It can be spread by water or contact with contaminated surfaces.[1]

## Canada

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Year  | Location  | Number of cases  | Outbreak source  | Link to article  | References

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1996  | Cranbrook | 2,000  |  |  | [2]
1996  | Kelowna | 10,000–15,000  |  |  | [2]

## Italy

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Year  | Location  | Number of cases  | Outbreak source  | Link to article  | References

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1995  | Emilia-Romagna | 294  | Water supply  |  | [3]
2019  | Tuscan–Emilian Apennines | 75  | Water supply  |  | [4]

## New Zealand

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Year  | Location  | Number of cases  | Outbreak source  | Link to article  | References

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1995  | Tauranga | 1  | School  |  | [5]
1997  | Waikato | 170  |  |  | [5]
1997  | Tauranga  | Unknown  |  |  | [6]
2003  | Masterton | "Few"  | Water supply  |  | [5]
2010  | Auckland | 7  | Swimming pool  |  | [7]
2010  | Christchurch | 17  | Unknown  |  | [7]
2013  | Hawke's Bay | 22  | Swimming pool  |  | [7]
2013  | Waikato | 5  | Unknown  |  | [7]
2013  | Wellington | 5  | Unknown  |  | [7]
2013  | Taranaki | 3  | Unknown  |  | [7]
2015  | Auckland  | 6  | Raw milk  |  | [7]
2017  | Auckland  | 9  | Childcare centre  |  | [7]
2018  | Kapiti Coast | 11  | Water playground  |  | [8]
2021  | Taranaki  | 6  | Raw milk  |  | [7]
2021  | Taranaki  | 4  | Raw milk  |  | [7]
2023  | Queenstown | 72  | Unknown  | Queenstown cryptosporidiosis outbreak | [9]

## Sweden

[edit]

Year  | Location  | Number of cases  | Outbreak source  | Link to article  | References

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2010  | Östersund | 27,000  | Water supply  |  | [10][11]
2011  | Skellefteå | 20,000  | Water supply  |  | [12]
2015  | Gothenburg | 83  | Food  |  | [13]

## United Kingdom

[edit]

### England

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Year  | Location  | Number of cases  | Outbreak source  | Link to article  | References

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1989  | Oxfordshire | 500  | Farmoor Reservoir[14] |  | [15]
1995  | Torbay | 508  |  |  | [16][17][18]
2008  | Northamptonshire | 22  | Pitsford Reservoir |  | [19]
2013  | Gloucestershire | 6  | Farm  |  | [20]
2013  | Kingston upon Hull | 18  | Swimming pool  |  | [21]
2016  | Cornwall, Devon, Dorset, Gloucestershire, Somerset, Wiltshire | 223  | Swimming pool  |  | [22]
2016  | Gateshead | 7  | Swimming pool  |  | [23]
2024  | Brixham | 100  | Water supply  | Devon cryptosporidiosis outbreak | [24]

### Northern Ireland

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Year  | Location  | Number of cases  | Outbreak source  | Link to article  | References

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2000  | Northern Ireland | 129  |  |  | [25]
2000  | Northern Ireland | 117  |  |  | [25]
2001  | Northern Ireland | 275  | Water supply  |  | [26]

### Scotland

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Year  | Location  | Number of cases  | Outbreak source  | Link to article  | References

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2000  | Glasgow | 90  | Loch Katrine |  | [27]
2002  | Aberdeen | 140  | River Dee |  | [27]
2002  | Perth | 8  | Perth Leisure Pool |  | [28]
2010  | Cumbernauld | 16  | Swimming pool  |  | [29]

### Wales

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Year  | Location  | Number of cases  | Outbreak source  | Link to article  | References

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2005  | Gwynedd | 231  | Llyn Cwellyn |  | [30][31]
2012  | Cwmbran | 8  | Farm  |  | [32]
2012  | Newport | 20  | Swimming pool  |  | [33]

## United States

[edit]

### Florida

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Year  | Location  | Number of cases  | Outbreak source  | Link to article  | References

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2019  | Pasco County | 10  |  |  | [34]

### Georgia

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Year  | Location  | Number of cases  | Outbreak source  | Link to article  | References

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1987  | Carroll County | 13,000  |  | 1987 Carroll County cryptosporidiosis outbreak | [35]

### Wisconsin

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Year  | Location  | Number of cases  | Outbreak source  | Link to article  | References

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1993  | Milwaukee | 403,000  |  | 1993 Milwaukee cryptosporidiosis outbreak | [36]

## References

[edit]

1. ^ "General Information for the Public | Cryptosporidium | Parasites | CDC". www.cdc.gov. 26 October 2021. Archived from the original on 28 September 2023. Retrieved 21 September 2023.
2. ^ a b "Cryptosporidium". CBC News. 23 June 2004. Archived from the original on 1 March 2011. Retrieved 21 September 2023.
3. ^ Pignata, Cristina; Bonetta, Silvia; Bonetta, Sara; Cacciò, Simone M.; Sannella, Anna R.; Gilli, Giorgio; Carraro, Elisabetta (January 2019). "Cryptosporidium Oocyst Contamination in Drinking Water: A Case Study in Italy". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 16 (11): 2055. doi:10.3390/ijerph16112055. ISSN 1660-4601. PMC 6604028. PMID 31185673.
4. ^ Franceschelli, Armando; Bonadonna, Lucia; Cacciò, Simone M.; Sannella, Anna Rosa; Cintori, Christian; Gargiulo, Raffaele; Coccia, Anna Maria; Paradiso, Rosa; Iaconelli, Marcello; Briancesco, Rossella; Tripodi, Alberto (1 September 2022). "An outbreak of cryptosporidiosis associated with drinking water in north-eastern Italy, August 2019: microbiological and environmental investigations". Eurosurveillance. 27 (35): 2200038. doi:10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2022.27.35.2200038. ISSN 1560-7917. PMC 9438396. PMID 36052722.
5. ^ a b c "Appendix 2: Outbreaks of Water-borne Disease in New Zealand". Ministry for the Environment. 1 March 2007. Archived from the original on 25 September 2023. Retrieved 21 September 2023.
6. ^ Estimation of the burden of water-borne disease in New Zealand: preliminary report. New Zealand Ministry of Health (published February 2007). November 2006. ISBN 978-0-478-30768-9. Archived from the original on 1 April 2022. Retrieved 15 October 2023.
7. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Garcia-R, Juan C.; Hayman, David T. S. (20 March 2023). "A review and analysis of cryptosporidiosis outbreaks in New Zealand". Parasitology. 150 (7): 606–611\. doi:10.1017/S0031182023000288. ISSN 0031-1820. PMC 10260297. PMID 36938817.
8. ^ "Bug spread through Wellington water playground". RNZ. 16 February 2018. Retrieved 21 September 2023.
9. ^ "Queenstown cryptosporidium outbreak: Four more weeks of boiling water". RNZ. 14 November 2023. Retrieved 15 November 2023.
10. ^ "Cryptosporidium (Östersund 2010–2011)". Public Health Agency of Sweden (in Swedish). 1 July 2014. Retrieved 4 June 2024.
11. ^ Widerström, Micael; Schönning, Caroline; Lilja, Mikael; Lebbad, Marianne; Ljung, Thomas; Allestam, Görel; Ferm, Martin; Björkholm, Britta; Hansen, Anette; Hiltula, Jari; Långmark, Jonas; Löfdahl, Margareta; Omberg, Maria; Reuterwall, Christina; Samuelsson, Eva (April 2014). "Large Outbreak of Cryptosporidium hominis Infection Transmitted through the Public Water Supply, Sweden". Emerging Infectious Diseases. 20 (244): 581–589\. doi:10.3201/eid2004.121415. PMC 3966397. PMID 24655474. Retrieved 4 June 2024.
12. ^ "Cryptosporidium (Skellefteå, april 2011)". Public Health Agency of Sweden (in Swedish). 1 July 2014. Retrieved 4 June 2024.
13. ^ "Cryptosporidium (Göteborg 2015)". Public Health Agency of Sweden (in Swedish). 2 December 2015. Retrieved 4 June 2024.
14. ^ "Pressure". Banbury Guardian. 9 March 1989. Retrieved 19 May 2024 - via British Newspaper Archive. "Thames Water have announced an independent inquiry into the water scare in Oxfordshire which led to thousands of households being told to boil their drinking water. The warning, which is not yet lifted, came after the diarrhoea-linked bug, Cryptosporidium, was found in filters at the giant Farmoor water works outside Oxford."
15. ^ "Water bosses rule out compensation over bug". Reading Evening Post. 18 April 1989. Retrieved 19 May 2024. "The bug, Cryptosporidium, laid low more than 500 people in January with diarrhoea and illness which can kill those with weak immune systems."
16. ^ "Hotels' fury as illness hits South Devon". Herald Express. 15 August 1995. Retrieved 17 May 2024 - via British Newspaper Archive. "South West Water confirmed a 'boil-your-water' alert to 200,000 South Devon householders after a Cryptosporidium bug was found to be the cause of an outbreak of stomach upsets."
17. ^ "As bug toll nears 100 mark expert says it's hard to kill". Herald Express. 17 August 1995. Retrieved 17 May 2024 - via British Newspaper Archive. "The number of confirmed cases of stomach upsets caused by the water bug Cryptosporidium almost doubled overnight with today's total now standing at 91."
18. ^ "Water bug: 'We blame the works'". 19 September 1995 - via British Newspaper Archive. "The number of officially recorded victims of the bug topped 508 today."
19. ^ "Water bug infections rise to 22". BBC News. 29 July 2008. Retrieved 30 May 2024.
20. ^ "Cotswold Farm Park bosses say it is safe amid sickness probe". BBC News. 7 May 2013. Retrieved 7 June 2024.
21. ^ "Hull East Park's pool closed after sickness outbreak". BBC News. 7 August 2013. Retrieved 6 June 2024.
22. ^ "Diarrhoea bug outbreak widens to hundreds of cases in the South West". BBC News. 25 August 2016. Retrieved 30 May 2024.
23. ^ Meechan, Simon (25 October 2016). "Cryptosporidiosis closes to Gateshead pools - but what is it?". Chronicle Live. Retrieved 7 June 2024.
24. ^ "Cryptosporidium infections rise as South West Water fail to fix Devon water contamination issue". ITV News. 30 May 2024. Retrieved 30 May 2024.
25. ^ a b Glaberman, Scott; Moore, John E.; Lowery, Colm J.; Chalmers, Rachel M.; Sulaiman, Irshad; Elwin, Kristin; Rooney, Paul J.; Millar, Beverley C.; Dooley, James S. G.; Lal, Altaf A.; Xiao, Lihua (June 2002). "Three Drinking-Water–Associated Cryptosporidiosis Outbreaks, Northern Ireland - Volume 8, Number 6—June 2002 - Emerging Infectious Diseases journal - CDC". Emerging Infectious Diseases. 8 (6): 631–633\. doi:10.3201/eid0806.010368. PMC 2738494. PMID 12023922. Retrieved 7 June 2024.
26. ^ "Water bug outbreak 'in decline'". BBC News. 17 May 2001. Retrieved 6 June 2024.
27. ^ a b Pollock, Kevin G. J.; Young, David; Smith, Huw V.; Ramsay, Colin N. (January 2008). "Cryptosporidiosis and Filtration of Water from Loch Lomond, Scotland". Emerging Infectious Diseases. 14 (157): 115–120\. doi:10.3201/eid1401.070562. PMC 2600157. PMID 18258090. Retrieved 7 June 2024.
28. ^ "Water bug pool given 'all clear'". BBC News. 26 August 2002. Retrieved 6 June 2024.
29. ^ "Safety Procedures Called Into Question At Glasgow Nursery". Irwin Mitchell. 6 July 2010. Retrieved 7 June 2024.
30. ^ "Outbreak of cryptosporidiosis in North West Wales, 2005" (PDF). Public Health Wales. 28 November 2006. Retrieved 6 June 2024.
31. ^ "Water company prosecuted over bug". BBC News. 21 June 2007. Retrieved 7 June 2024.
32. ^ "Cryptosporidium outbreak on Torfaen farm makes four more people ill". BBC News. 26 April 2012. Retrieved 7 June 2024.
33. ^ "Newport swimming pool cryptosporidiosis bug outbreak over". BBC News. 5 October 2012. Retrieved 6 June 2024.
34. ^ "Pasco County, FL issues 'crypto' warning". Outbreak News Today. 27 June 2019. Retrieved 21 September 2023.
35. ^ Fackelmann, K. A. (3 June 1989). "Scientists Nab Water-Polluting Parasite". Science News. Retrieved 21 September 2023.
36. ^ Corso, Phaedra S.; Kramer, Michael H.; Blair, Kathleen A.; Addiss, David G.; Davis, Jeffrey P.; Haddix, Anne C. (2003). "Costs of Illness in the 1993 WaterborneCryptosporidium Outbreak, Milwaukee, Wisconsin". Emerging Infectious Diseases. 9 (4): 426–431\. doi:10.3201/eid0904.020417. PMC 2957981. PMID 12702221.