List of currencies in Europe

Eurozone member states

ERM II member states with an opt-out

ERM II member states

Other EU member states

States using the euro with a bilateral agreement

States which have unilaterally adopted the euro

There are 27 currencies currently used in the 50 countries of Europe. All de facto present currencies in Europe, and an incomplete list of the preceding currency, are listed here.

In Europe, the most commonly used currency is the euro (used by 26 countries); any country entering the European Union (EU) is expected to join the eurozone[1] when they meet the five convergence criteria.[2] Denmark is the only EU member state which has been granted an exemption from using the euro.[1] Czechia, Hungary, Poland, Romania and Sweden have not adopted the Euro either, although unlike Denmark, they have not formally opted out; instead, they fail to meet the ERM II (Exchange Rate Mechanism) which results in the non-use of the Euro.[3][4] For countries which hope to join the eurozone, there are five guidelines that need to be followed, grouped in the Maastricht criteria.[1]

The United Kingdom's currency, sterling, is rated fourth on Investopedia's list of the top 8 most tradable currencies, and that it is a "little bit more volatile than the euro".[5] It was ranked just ahead of the Swiss franc, ranked fifth, which is used in Switzerland and Liechtenstein, saying that the set up of the Swiss banking "emphasizes the economic and financial stability policies dictated by the governing board of the SNB". Both are in the top 8 major currencies on Bloomberg.[6] Several countries use currencies which translate as "crown": the Czech koruna, the Norwegian krone, the Danish krone, the Icelandic króna, and the Swedish krona.[7]

At present, the euro is legal tender in 20 out of 27 European Union member states,[8] in addition to 6 countries not part of the EU (Monaco, San Marino, Vatican City, Andorra, Kosovo and Montenegro).[9]

## Currencies in Europe

[edit]

In Europe, the euro is used in 26 countries (including Kosovo), while the Swiss franc is used in two countries. All 23 other widely recognized states each have their own national currency. Among the states with limited recognition, Transnistria uses the Transnistrian ruble and Abkhazia uses the Abkhazian apsar. Northern Cyprus does not have its own currency and has adopted the Turkish lira. Similarly, South Ossetia uses the Russian ruble.

Therefore, 27 currencies are used in Europe:

1. Albanian lek
2. Armenian dram
3. Azerbaijani manat
4. Belarusian ruble
5. Bosnia and Herzegovina convertible mark
6. Bulgarian lev
7. Czech koruna
8. Danish krone
9. Euro
10. Georgian lari
11. Hungarian forint
12. Icelandic króna
13. Kazakhstani tenge
14. Macedonian denar
15. Moldovan leu
16. Norwegian krone
17. Polish złoty
18. Pound sterling
19. Romanian leu
20. Russian ruble
21. Serbian dinar
22. Swedish krona
23. Swiss franc
24. Turkish lira
25. Ukrainian hryvnia
26. Abkhazian apsar (unrecognized)
27. Transnistrian ruble (unrecognized)

## Currencies of states in Europe

[edit]

### Currencies of widely recognized states in Europe

[edit]

List of all European currencies  Country  | Present currency  | Currency sign | ISO 4217 code  | Fractional unit  | Previous currency

|
|
|
|
|

Albania | lek[10] | L  | ALL  | qindarke | none
Andorra | euro[11] | €[12] | EUR  | euro cent | none official[11][13]
Armenia | dram | ֏  | AMD  | luma | ruble
Austria | euro[14] | €  | EUR  | euro cent | schilling[15]
Azerbaijan | manat[16] | ₼  | AZN  | gapik | ruble[17]
Belarus | ruble[18][19] | Rbl  | BYN  | kopeck  | old ruble[20]
Belgium | euro[21] | €  | EUR  | euro cent | franc[22]
Bosnia and Herzegovina | mark[23] | KM  | BAM  | fening  | dinar[24]
Bulgaria | lev[25] | лв.  | BGN  | stotinka  | old lev (BGL)
Croatia | euro[26] | €  | EUR  | euro cent | kuna[27]
Cyprus | euro[28] | €  | EUR  | euro cent | pound[29]
Czech Republic | koruna[30] | Kč  | CZK  | heller | Czechoslovak koruna[31]
Denmark | krone[32] | kr.  | DKK  | øre | rigsdaler[33]
Estonia | euro[34][35] | €  | EUR  | euro cent | kroon[36][37]
Finland | euro[38] | €  | EUR  | euro cent | markka[39]
France | euro[40] | €  | EUR  | euro cent | franc[41]
Georgia | lari[42] | ₾  | GEL  | tetri | kuponi[43]
Germany | euro[44] | €  | EUR  | euro cent | mark
Greece | euro[45] | €  | EUR  | euro cent | drachma[46]
Hungary | forint[47] | Ft.  | HUF  | fillér | pengő[48]
Iceland | króna[49] | kr.  | ISK  | aurar  | old króna[49]
Ireland | euro[50] | €  | EUR  | euro cent | punt[51]
Italy | euro[52] | €  | EUR  | euro cent | lira[53]
Latvia | euro | €  | EUR  | euro cent | lats[54]
Liechtenstein | franc[55][56] | CHF  | CHF  | rappen, also called
centime, centesimo, and rap  | krone[57]
Lithuania | euro[58][59] | €  | EUR  | euro cent | litas
Luxembourg | euro[60] | €  | EUR  | euro cent | franc[61]
Malta | euro[62] | €  | EUR  | euro cent | lira[63]
Moldova | leu[64] | L  | MDL  | bani  | cupon[65]
Monaco | euro[66] | €  | EUR  | euro cent | franc
Montenegro | euro[66] | €  | EUR  | euro cent | dinar[67]
Netherlands | euro[68] | €  | EUR  | euro cent | guilder[69]
North Macedonia | denar[70] | DEN | MKD  | deni  | old denar[71]
Norway | krone[72] | kr.  | NOK  | øre | speciedaler[73]
Poland | złoty[74] | zł  | PLN  | grosz  | old złoty
Portugal | euro[75] | €  | EUR  | euro cent | escudo[76]
Romania | leu[77] | lei  | RON  | bani  | old leu[78]
Russia | ruble[79] | ₽  | RUB  | kopeck  | Soviet ruble[79]
San Marino | euro[80] | €  | EUR  | euro cent | lira[80]
Serbia | dinar[81] | DIN | RSD  | para  | Yugoslav dinar[81]
Slovakia | euro[82] | €  | EUR  | euro cent | koruna[82]
Slovenia | euro[83] | €  | EUR  | euro cent | tolar[83]
Spain | euro[84] | €  | EUR  | euro cent | peseta[84]
Sweden | krona[85] | kr.  | SEK  | öre | riksdaler[85]
Switzerland | franc[86] | CHF[86] | CHF  | rappen, also called
centime, centesimo, and rap  | none[86]
Turkey | lira[87] | ₺  | TRY  | kuruş | old lira[87]
Ukraine | hryvnia[88] | ₴  | UAH  | kopeck (копійка)  | karbovanets[88]
United Kingdom | sterling[89] | £  | GBP  | penny (pl. pence)  | pre-decimal sterling[90]
Vatican City | euro[91] | €  | EUR  | euro cent | lira[92]

### Currencies of partially recognized states in Europe

[edit]

List of all unrecognized European currencies  Unrecognized country  | De jure country  | Present currency  | Currency sign | ISO 4217 (or unofficial) code  | Fractional unit  | Previous currency

|
|
|
|
|
|

Abkhazia |  Georgia | apsar

Russian ruble (both official)

| the apsar has no currency sign

| ABK (unofficial)

RUB

| the apsar has no fractional unit

kopeck

| Soviet ruble
Kosovo |  Serbia | euro

Serbian dinar (unofficial, only in Serb majority areas)
Albanian lek (unofficial)

| €

DIN

| EUR

RSD
ALL

| cent

Para
Qindarkë

| Yugoslav dinar
North Cyprus |  Cyprus | Turkish lira
euro (unofficial)
sterling (unofficial)  | ₺

| TRY

EUR
GBP

| kuruş

cent
penny

| Cypriot pound
South Ossetia |  Georgia | Russian ruble | ₽  | RUB  | kopeck | Soviet ruble
Transnistria |  Moldova | Transnistrian ruble | руб  | PRB (unofficial)  | kopeck  | Soviet ruble

## See also

[edit]

* Europe portal
* Money portal
* Numismatics portal

* Central banks and currencies of Europe
* Currencies of the European Union
* List of currencies
* List of circulating currencies
* Capital Markets Union
* Banking Union

## References

[edit]

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2. ^ "Who can join and when?". European Commission. 4 September 2013. Retrieved 17 October 2013.
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4. ^ "Sweden and the euro". European Commission. 8 August 2011. Retrieved 17 October 2013.
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6. ^ "Currencies: Major World Currencies". Bloomberg. Retrieved 12 October 2013.
7. ^ Mapes, Terri. "Currencies in Europe". About.com. Archived from the original on 2 November 2013. Retrieved 31 October 2013.
8. ^ "The euro". Europa. Retrieved 12 October 2013.
9. ^ "Introduction". European Central Bank. Retrieved 9 October 2013.
10. ^ "ALL – Albanian Lek". Xe. Retrieved 22 July 2013.
11. ^ a b "By monetary agreement between France (acting for the EC) and Monaco". Retrieved 30 May 2010.
12. ^ "EUR – Euro". Xe. Retrieved 20 September 2013.
13. ^ "The euro outside the euro area". European Commission: economic and financial affairs. 5 September 2013. Retrieved 19 September 2013.
14. ^ "Local Currency in Austria". CurrencyName.com. Archived from the original on 16 May 2014. Retrieved 22 July 2013.
15. ^ "Austrian Schilling". BBC. 2001. Retrieved 12 October 2013.
16. ^ "AZN – Azerbaijani New Manat". Xe. Archived from the original on 20 January 2013. Retrieved 22 July 2013.
17. ^ "Milli valyutamızın tarixi (Azerbaijani)". AZƏRBAYCAN RESPUBLİKASININ MƏRKƏZİ BANKI. Retrieved 22 July 2013.
18. ^ "Banknotes and Coins of the National Bank of the Republic of Belarus". National Bank of the Republic of Belarus. Retrieved 22 July 2013.
19. ^ "BYR – Belarusian Ruble". Xe. Retrieved 22 July 2013.
20. ^ "Belarusian Ruble". Oanda. Retrieved 20 September 2013.
21. ^ "Chronological summary of the history of the Belgian franc". National Bank of Belgium. Retrieved 22 July 2013.
22. ^ "Belgian Franc". BBC. 2001. Retrieved 12 October 2013.
23. ^ "BAM – Bosnian Convertible Marka". Xe. Archived from the original on 20 April 2014. Retrieved 22 July 2013.
24. ^ "Bosnian Mark". Oanda. Retrieved 20 September 2013.
25. ^ "BGN – Bulgarian Lev". Xe. Retrieved 22 July 2013.
26. ^ "HRK – Croatian Kuna". Xe. Retrieved 23 July 2013.
27. ^ "Papirnati novac hrvatski dinar 1991. – 1994". Kunalipa. Retrieved 23 July 2013.
28. ^ "Cyprus (as of 1 January 2008)". The European Central Bank. Archived from the original on 19 December 2007. Retrieved 23 July 2013.
29. ^ "Cyprus Pound". Oanda. Retrieved 20 September 2013.
30. ^ "CZK – Czech Koruna". Xe. Retrieved 23 July 2013.
31. ^ "Czech Koruna". Oanda. Retrieved 4 October 2013.
32. ^ "DKK – Danish Krone". Xe. Retrieved 23 July 2013.
33. ^ "Danish Krone". Oanda. Retrieved 4 October 2013.
34. ^ "Estonia (since 1 January 2011)". European Central Bank. Retrieved 23 July 2013.
35. ^ "Ministers offer Estonia entry to eurozone January 1". France24. 8 June 2010. Retrieved 23 July 2013.
36. ^ "Money and currency in Estonia". Visit Estonia. Archived from the original on 10 July 2014. Retrieved 23 July 2013.
37. ^ "Estonian Kroon". Oanda. Retrieved 4 October 2013.
38. ^ "Finland and the euro". European Commission. Retrieved 23 July 2013.
39. ^ "Finnish Markka". BBC. 2001. Retrieved 23 July 2013.
40. ^ "France and the euro". European Commission. Retrieved 23 July 2013.
41. ^ "French Franc". BBC. 2001. Retrieved 23 July 2013.
42. ^ "Banknotes". National Bank of Georgia. Retrieved 23 July 2013.
43. ^ "Georgian Lari". Financial Dictionary. Retrieved 23 July 2013.
44. ^ "DM coins". Bundesbank. Archived from the original on 1 May 2013. Retrieved 23 July 2013.
45. ^ "Greece and the euro". European Commission. Retrieved 23 July 2013.
46. ^ "drachma". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 23 July 2013.
47. ^ "Hungarian Forint". Famous Wonders. 28 April 2011. Retrieved 23 July 2013.
48. ^ "1925. évi XXXV. törvénycikk (Hungarian)". 1000ev.hu. Retrieved 23 July 2013.
49. ^ a b "Iceland Krona". Oanda. Retrieved 23 July 2013.
50. ^ "Ireland and the euro". European Commission. Retrieved 23 July 2013.
51. ^ Kelly, John (Spring 2003). "The Irish Pound: From Origins to EMU" (PDF). Irish Central Bank. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 March 2014. Retrieved 23 July 2013.
52. ^ "Italy and the euro". European Commission. Retrieved 23 July 2013.
53. ^ Del Boca, Alessandra; Fratianni, Michele U.; Spinelli, Franco; Trecroci, Carmine (16 June 2009). "The Phillips Curve and the Italian Lira, 1861–1998". Social Science Research Network. SSRN 1156845. `{{cite web}}`: Missing or empty `|url=` (help)
54. ^ "Introduction". Latvijas Banka. Archived from the original on 22 May 2013. Retrieved 23 July 2013.
55. ^ "Europe > Liechtenstein > Currency". Nation Master. Retrieved 25 July 2013.
56. ^ "Liechtenstein Exchange Rate". Greenwichmeantime. Retrieved 25 July 2013.
57. ^ "Liechtenstein Krone Y# 2". Numismatic Guaranty Corporation. Retrieved 25 July 2013.
58. ^ "Lithuanian Litas". Famous Wonders. 22 May 2011. Retrieved 5 September 2013.
59. ^ "EUR– euro". Xe. Retrieved 5 September 2013.
60. ^ "Luxembourg and the euro". European Commission. Retrieved 27 July 2013.
61. ^ "Luxembourg Franc". BBC. 2001. Retrieved 27 July 2013.
62. ^ "Malta's euro coins". Central Bank of Malta. Archived from the original on 2 November 2013. Retrieved 18 September 2013.
63. ^ "The Coinage of Malta". Central Bank of Malta. Archived from the original on 29 October 2013. Retrieved 18 September 2013.
64. ^ "Moldovan Leu". Oanda. Retrieved 18 September 2013.
65. ^ "Moldovan Cupon". The Free Dictionary. Retrieved 18 September 2013.
66. ^ a b "Introduction". European Central Bank. Retrieved 18 September 2013.
67. ^ Anderson, Paul (3 January 2002). "Montenegro's euro challenge". BBC. Retrieved 18 September 2013.
68. ^ "Netherlands". Eurozone. Archived from the original on 11 August 2014. Retrieved 18 September 2013.
69. ^ "Netherlands Gilder". BBC. 2001. Retrieved 18 September 2013.
70. ^ "Ќе се слават 20 години од македонскиот денар (Macedonian)". HobaMakeДohhja. 20 February 2011. Archived from the original on 6 October 2014. Retrieved 5 September 2013.
71. ^ "Macedonian Denar". Oanda. Retrieved 5 October 2013.
72. ^ "NOK – Norwegian Krone". Xe. Retrieved 18 September 2013.
73. ^ "Norwegian Kroner". Oanda. Retrieved 3 November 2013.
74. ^ "Convert United States Dollar to Polish Zloty". Retrieved 18 September 2013.
75. ^ "Portugal and the Euro". EU Business. 4 February 2008. Retrieved 18 September 2013.
76. ^ "Portuguese Escudo". BBC. 2001. Retrieved 18 September 2013.
77. ^ ]"Redenomination of domestic currency". Banca Naţională a României. Retrieved 18 September 2013.
78. ^ "Romanian New Leu". Oanda. Retrieved 18 September 2013.
79. ^ a b "Russian Rouble". Oanda. Retrieved 18 September 2013.
80. ^ a b "Serenissima Repubblica di San Marino". The Euro Information Website. Retrieved 18 September 2013.
81. ^ a b "Serbian Dinar". Oanda. Retrieved 18 September 2013.
82. ^ a b "Slovak Koruna". Oanda. Retrieved 18 September 2013.
83. ^ a b "Slovenian Tolar". Oanda. Retrieved 18 September 2013.
84. ^ a b "Spanish peseta". Oanda. Retrieved 18 September 2013.
85. ^ a b "Swedish Krona". Oanda. Retrieved 18 September 2013.
86. ^ a b c "Swiss Franc". Oanda. Retrieved 19 September 2013.
87. ^ a b "Turkish Lira". Oanda. Retrieved 19 September 2013.
88. ^ a b "Ukraine Hryvnia". Oanda. Retrieved 19 September 2013.
89. ^ "Celebrating 40 Years of Decimalisation The Story of Decimal Coinage". Royal Mint. Retrieved 19 September 2013.
90. ^ Dawnay, Kit (8 October 2001). "A history of sterling". The Telegraph. Retrieved 23 October 2013.
91. ^ "Vatican City". European Central Bank. Retrieved 25 July 2013.
92. ^ "The New Philatelic and Numismatic Museum – Official celebrative Envelope". Vatican City State. Retrieved 25 July 2013.

## External links

[edit]

* International Organization for Standardization (ISO)

* v
* t
* e

Currencies of Europe

European Union|

* Bulgarian lev
* Czech koruna
* Danish krone (pegged currency: Faroese króna)
* Euro
* Hungarian forint
* Polish złoty
* Romanian leu
* Swedish krona

Eastern|

* Abkhazian apsar (unrecognised)
* Armenian dram
* Azerbaijani manat
* Belarusian ruble
* Georgian lari
* Kazakhstani tenge
* Moldovan leu
* Russian ruble
* Transnistrian ruble (unrecognised)
* Ukrainian hryvnia

Southern|

* Albanian lek
* Bosnia and Herzegovina convertible mark
* Macedonian denar
* Serbian dinar
* Turkish lira

Western|

* Sterling (pegged currencies: Gibraltar pound · Guernsey pound · Jersey pound · Manx pound)
* Swiss franc

Northern|

* Icelandic króna
* Norwegian krone

* v
* t
* e

Lists of currencies by continent

* Africa
* Americas
* Asia
* Europe
* Oceania

* World circulating currencies

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