List of echinoderms of Venezuela

The echinoderms of Venezuela are a strictly marine animal phylum comprising about 124 species of marine waters designated for Venezuelan Caribbean.[1] The first lists of species for Venezuelan coast date back to 1939[2] and 1967.[3]

In Venezuela are five classes representatives living today: Crinoidea, Asteroidea, Ophiuroidea, Echinoidea and Holothuroidea.[4] In this list are listed 105 species for the territory Venezuelan.[2][3][5][6][7]

## List of species identified for Venezuela

[edit]

### Crinoidea (Sea Lilies)

[edit]

Crinoidea Species  | Common name  | Global distribution  | Distribution by state[nota 1] | Image

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|
|

Antedon bifida (Pennant, 1777)[3][7] | Rosy Feather-star[8] | Atlantic Ocean[9] | Ar; Su; Va  |

Davidaster rubiginosus (Pourtàles, 1869)[3] | Sea lily[3][10] | Caribbean Sea[11] | Ar  |

Tropiometra carinata (Lamarck, 1816)[3][7] | Black and White Sea Lily[12] | Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean[13] | Ar; Ca; Fa; DF; Su; Va  |

### Asteroidea (Starfishs)

[edit]

Asteroidea Species  | Common name  | Global distribution  | Distribution by state  | Image

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|
|

Anthenoides piercei Perrier, 1881[5] | Starfish[14] | Northwestern Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea[15] | NE; Su  |
Asterinides folium (Lütken, 1859)[2][3][7] | Common Blunt Armed Sea Star[16] | Northwestern Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea[17] | Su  |
Astropecten antillensis Lütken, 1859[2][3][7] | Starfish[14] | Northwestern Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea[18] | Su; Zu  |
Astropecten brasiliensis Müller & Troschel (1842)[3][7] | Starfish[14] | Western Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea[19] | An; Fa; Mi; NE; Su  |
Astropecten duplicatus Gray, 1840[3][7][20] | Two-spined Star Fish[21] | Northwestern Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea[22] | NE; Su; Va; Zu  |
Astropecten marginatus Gray, 1840[2][3][7][20] | Starfish[14] | Northwestern Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea[23] | DA; Fa; NE; Su; Zu  |
Echinaster brasiliensis Müller & Troschel, 1842[7] | Starfish[14] | Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea[24] | Su  |
Echinaster echinophorus (Lamarck, 1816)[3][7] | Starfish[14] | Northwestern Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea[25] | DF; NE; Su  |
Goniaster tesellatus (Lamarck, 1816)[3][5][7] | Starfish[14] | Atlantic Ocean[26] | NE; Su  |
Linckia guildingi Gray, 1840[2][3][7] | Yellow Starfish[14] | Cosmopolitan[27] | NE  |
Luidia alternata (Say, 1825)[3] | Starfish[14] | Caribbean Sea[28] | NE; Su; Zu  |
Luidia clathrata (Say, 1825)[3][7] | Starfish[14] | Atlantic Ocean, Southern Ocean[29] | An; NE; Su; Zu  |
Luidia senegalensis (Lamarck, 1816)[2][3][7][20] | Nine-armed Sea Star[30] | Northwesthern Atlantic Ocean[31] | Mi; NE; Su  |
Oreaster reticulatus (Linnaeus, 1858)[2][3][7] | Orange Starfish[14] Cushion Sea Star[32] | Caribbean Sea[33] | Fa; Mi; Mo; NE; Su  |
Tethyaster vestitus (Say, 1825)[3][7] | Starfish[14] | Caribbean Sea[34] | DA; DF; Su  |

### Ophiuroidea (Sea spiders and sea snakes)

[edit]

Ophiuroidea Species  | Common name  | Global distribution  | Distribution by state  | Image

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|
|
|

Amphiodia trychna H. L. Clark, 1918[3][7] | Sea spiders[4][10] | Caribbean Sea[35] | An; Su  |
Amphioplus coniortodes H. L. Clark, 1918[3][7] | Sea spiders[4][10] | Caribbean Sea[36] | An; NE; Su  |
Amphipholis januarii Ljungman, 1867[7] | Sea spiders[4][10] | Caribbean Sea[37] | Su  |
Amphipholis squamata (Delle Chiaje, 1828)[3][7] | Small Brittle Star[38] | Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean[39] | NE; Su  |
Amphiura palmeri T Lyman, 1882[3] | Sea spiders[4][10] | Caribbean Sea[40] | Su  |
Amphiura rathbuni Koehler, 1914[3] | Sea spiders[4][10] | Caribbean Sea[41] | NE  |
Amphiura stimpsonii Lútken, 1859[7] | Sea spiders[4][10] | Caribbean Sea[42] | Su  |
Asteronyx loveni Müller & Troschel, 1824[3] | Pipe-cleaner Brittlestar[43] | Northern Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea[44] | Fa  |
Astrophyton muricatum (Lamarck, 1816)[3][7][20] | Grifo[14] Giant Basket Star[45] | Caribbean Sea[46] | Ar; DF; NE; Su  |
Microphiopholis atra (Stimpson, 1852)[3][7] | Sea spiders[4][10] | Northwestern Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea[47] | An; DA; Mo; Su  |
Microphiopholis gracillima (Stimpson, 1852)[7] | Sea spiders[4][10] | Caribbean Sea[48] | Su  |
Ophiactis muelleri Lütken, 1856[3] | Sea spiders[4][10] | Caribbean Sea[49] | Su  |
Ophiactis algicola H.L. Clark, 1933[7] | Sea spiders[4][10] | Caribbean Sea[50] | Su  |
Ophiactis savignyi (Müller & Troschel, 1842)[3][7] | Savigny's Brittle Star[51] | Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea, Mediterranean Sea, Indian Ocean[52] | DF; Mi; NE; Su  |
Ophiocnida scabriuscula (Lútken, 1859)[7] | Lobate Brittle Star[53] | Caribbean Sea[54] | Su  |
Ophiocoma echinata (Lamarck, 1816)[3][7] | Black Brittle Star[55] | Caribbean Sea[56] | Ar; DF; Fa; NE; Su  |
Ophiocoma pumila Lütken, 1859[3][7] | Banded Ophiocoma[57] | Caribbean Sea[58] | DF; Fa; Su; Va  |
Ophiocoma wendtii Müller & Troschel, 1842[3][7] | Red Ophiocoma[59] | Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea, Indian Ocean[60] | NE; Su  |
Ophiocomella ophiactoides (H. L. Clark, 1963)[3][7] | Coralline Brittle Star[61] | Caribbean Sea[62] | Ar; Su  |
Ophioderma appressa (Say, 1825)[3][7] | Harlequin Brittle Star[63] | Caribbean Sea[64] | DF; Mi; NE; Su  |
Ophioderma brevicauda Lütken, 1856[2][3][7] | Short Spined Ophioderma[65] | Caribbean Sea[66] | Ca; DF; Fa; Mi  |
Ophioderma brevispina (Say, 1825)[3][7] | Sea spiders[4][10] | Caribbean Sea[67] | DF; Mi  |
Ophioderma cinerea Müller & Troschel, 1842[7] | Chocolate Brittle Star[68] | Caribbean Sea[69] | Su  |
Ophioderma rubicunda Lütken, 1856[3][7] | Ruby Brittle Star[70] | Caribbean Sea[71] | Su  |
Ophiolepis elegans Lütken, 1859[3][7] | Sea spiders[4][10] | Caribbean Sea[72] | An; DF; Mi; NE; Su  |
Ophiolepis impressa Lütken, 1859[3][7] | Sea spiders[4][10] | Caribbean Sea[73] | Mi; Su  |
Ophiolepis paucispina (Say, 1825)[7] | Scaly Brittle Star[74] | Caribbean Sea[75] | Su  |
Ophiomyxa flaccida ( Say, 1825)[3][7] | Slimy Brittle Star[76] | Caribbean Sea[77] | DF; Su  |
Ophionereis olivacea H. L. Clark, 1901[3][7] | Sea spiders[4][10] | Caribbean Sea[78] | Su  |
Ophionereis reticulata (Say, 1925)[3][7] | Reticulated Brittle Star[79] | Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea[80] | DF; NE; Su  |
Ophionereis squamulosa Köehler, 1913[7] | Sea spiders[4][10] | Caribbean Sea[81] | Su  |
Ophiopsila hartmeyeri Koehler, 1913[3][7] | Sea spiders[4][10] | Caribbean Sea[82] | Su  |
Ophiopsila riisei Lütken, 1859[3][7] | Sea spiders[4][10] | Caribbean Sea[83] | Ar; DF; Su  |
Ophiophragmus wurdemani (Lyman, 1860)[3] | Sea spiders[4][10] | Caribbean Sea[84] | Va  |
Ophiothrix angulata (Say, 1825)[3][7] | Angular Brittle Star[85] | Northwestern Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea[86] | DF; Mi; NE; Su  |
Ophiothrix brachyactis H. L. Clark, 1915[3] | Sea spiders[4][10] | Caribbean Sea[87] | Su  |
Ophiothrix oerstedii Lütken, 1856[2][3][7] | Oersted's Brittle Star[88] | Caribbean Sea[89] | DF; NE; Su  |
Ophiothrix suensonii Lütken, 1856[3][7] | Suenson's Brittle Star[90] | Caribbean Sea[91] | NE; Su  |
Ophiura acervata Lyman 1869[3][7] | Sea spiders[4][10] | Caribbean Sea[92] | DA; Mo; Su  |

### Echinoidea (Sea urchins and sand dollar)

[edit]

Echinoidea Species  | Common name  | Global distribution  | Distribution by state  | Image

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|
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Arbacia punctulata (Lamarck, 1816)[3][7] | Purple Sea Urchin.[93][94] | Caribbean Sea[95] | An; NE; Su  |
Brissopsis elongata Mortensen, 1907[3][7] |  | Caribbean Sea[96] | An; Su  |
Brissus unicolor (Leske, 1778)[3] | Groove Burrowing Urchin[97] | Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea, Westhern Mediterranean Sea[98] | An; DF; Su  |
Clypeaster cyclopylus H.L.Clark, 1941[99] |  | Venezuelan Caribbean Sea[100] | DF (Archp. Los Testigos)  |
Clypeaster euclastus H.L.Clark, 1941[7][99] |  | Caribbean Sea[101] | An, Ca, DA, DF, Fa  |
Clypeaster lamprus H.L.Clark, 1914[99] |  | Caribbean Sea[102] | Va  |
Clypeaster prostratus Ravenel, 1848[99] |  | Caribbean Sea[103] | Fa, Zu  |
Clypeaster rosaceus (Linnaeus, 1758)[3][99] | Sea Biscuit[104] | Caribbean Sea[105] | Fa; DF; NE  |
Clypeaster subdepressus (Gray, 1825)[3][7][99] | Sand Dollar[106] | Caribbean Sea[107] | An; Fa; NE; Su  |
Diadema antillarum (Philippi & Agassiz, 1863)[3][7] | Long-spined Sea Urchin[108] | Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea[109] | Ar; Ca; DF; Mi; Su; Va  |
Echinometra lucunter (Linnaeus, 1758)[3][7][110] | Rock-boring Urchin[111] | Caribbean Sea[112] | An; Ar; Ca; DA; DF; Fa; Mi; Mo; NE; Su; Va; Zu  |
Echinometra viridis Agassiz, 1863[2][3][7] | Green Urchin[14] | Caribbean Sea[113] | Ar; Ca; DF; Fa; Mi  |
Encope emarginata (Leske, 1778)[3][7][99] | Sand Dollar, Cookie[14] | Caribbean Sea[114] | Ar; NE; Su  |
Encope michelini Agassiz, 1841[99] | Notched Sand Dollar[115] | Caribbean Sea[116] | Ar; NE; Su  |
Eucidaris tribuloides (Lamarck, 1816)[2][3][7] | Slate Pencil Urchin[117] | Caribbean Sea[118] | DF; Mi; NE; Su; Va; Zu  |
Leodia sexiesperforata (Leske, 1778)[3][7][99] | Six Holed Keyhole Urchin[119] | Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea[120] | An; Ar; Ca; Mi; NE; Su; Va  |
Lytechinus variegatus (Lamarck, 1816)[2][3][7][121] | Variegated Sea Urchin[122] | Caribbean Sea[123] | An; Ar; Ca; DA; DF; Fa; Mi; Mo; NE; su; Va; Zu  |
Mellita quinquiesperforata latiambulacra H. L. Clark, 1940[2][3][7][99] | Dollar see; Cookie[124] | Caribbean Sea[125] | An; Ar; Ca; DA; Fa; Mi; Mo; NE; Su; Va; Zu  |
Meoma ventricosa (Lamarck, 1816)[3][7] |  | Caribbean Sea[126] | DF; NE  |
Moira atropos (Lamarck, 1816)[3][7] |  | Caribbean Sea[127] | Su;  |
Plagiobrissus grandis (Gmelin, 1788)[7] |  | Caribbean Sea[128] | An; DA; Su  |
Schizaster orbignyanus Agassiz, 1980[3][7] |  | Caribbean Sea[129] | An; DA; Su  |
Tripneustes ventricosus (Lamarck, 1816)[3][7] | Sea Egg[130] | Caribbean Sea[131] | DF; Fa; Mi; NE; Su; Va  |

### Holothuroidea (Sea Cucumbers)

[edit]

Holothuroidea Species  | Common name  | Global distribution  | Distribution by state  | Image

|
|
|
|

Aslia pygmaea (Théel 1886)[2][6][7] |  | Venezuelan Caribbean sea[132] | NE  |
Aslia surinamensis (Semper 1868)[7][133] |  | Caribbean Sea, Atlantic Ocean[133] | NE  |
Astichopus multifidus (Sluter, 1910)[134] | Fissured Sea Cucumber[135] | Caribbean Sea, Atlantic Ocean[136] | DF  |
Chiridota rotifera (Pourtalès, 1851)[7] | Worm Cucumber[137] | Caribbean Sea, Atlantic Ocean[138] | Su  |
Euthyonacta solida (Deichmann, 1930)[7] |  | Caribbean Sea, Atlantic Ocean[139] | Su  |
Holothuria arenicola Semper, 1868[7] |  | Caribbean Sea, Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean[140] | Su  |
Holothuria cubana Ludwig, 1875[7] |  | Caribbean Sea, Atlantic Ocean[141] | Su  |
Holothuria glaberrima Selenka, 1867[7] | Brown Rock Sea Cucumber[142] | Caribbean Sea, Atlantic Ocean[143] | Su  |
Holothuria grisea (Selenka; 1867)[6][7] | Gray Sea Cucumber[144] | Caribbean Sea, Atlantic Ocean[145] | Su  |
Holothuria impatiens (Forskaal, 1775)[6][7] | Impatient Sea Cucumber[146] | Caribbean Sea, Atlantic Ocean, Mediterranean Sea, Indian Ocean[147] | Su  |
Holothuria mexicana Ludwig, 1875[7] | Donkey Dung Sea Cucumber[148] | Caribbean Sea, Atlantic Ocean[149] | DF; Fa  |
Holothuria occidentalis Ludwig, 1875[7] |  | Caribbean Sea[150] | Su  |
Holothuria parvula (Selenka, 1867)[7] | Golden Sea Cucumber[151] | Caribbean Sea, Indian Ocean[152] | Su  |
Holothuria princeps (Selenka, 1867)[6][7] |  | Caribbean Sea[153] | Su  |
Holothuria surinamensis Ludwig, 1875[2][7] | Surinam Sea Cucumber[154] | Caribbean Sea[155] | Zu  |
Holothuria thomasi Pawson & Caycedo, 1980[7] | Tiger Tail Sea Cocumber[156] | Caribbean Sea[157] | su  |
Isostichopus badionotus (Selenka, 1867)[6][7] | Three-rowed Sea Cucumber[158] | Caribbean Sea[159] | DF; Su  |
Lissothuria antillensis Pawson, 1967[7] |  | Venezuelan Caribbean Sea[160] | Su  |
Lissothuria braziliensis (Théel, 1886)[7] |  | Venezuelan Caribbean Sea[161] | Su  |
Ocnus suspectus (Ludwig, 1874)[7] |  | Caribbean Sea[162] | Su  |
Pentamera pulcherrima Ayres, 1852[7] |  | Nortrwestern Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea[163] | Su  |
Pseudothyone belli (Luswig, 1887)[7] |  | Caribbean Sea[164] | Su  |
Sclerodactyla briareus (Lesueur, 1824)[7] |  | Caribbean Sea[165] | Su  |
Thyone pseudofusus Deichmann, 1930[7] |  | Caribbean Sea[166] | Su  |
Thyonidium seguroensis (Deichmann, 1930)[7] |  | Caribbean Sea[167] | Su  |

## See also

[edit]

* List of birds of Venezuela
* List of introduced molluscs of Venezuela
* List of mammals of Venezuela
* List of marine molluscs of Venezuela
* List of molluscs of Falcón State, Venezuela
* List of non-marine molluscs of El Hatillo Municipality, Miranda, Venezuela
* List of non-marine molluscs of Venezuela
* List of Poriferans of Venezuela

## Notas

[edit]

1. ^ The following codes are used:
* An: Anzoátegui
* Ar: Aragua
* Ca: Carabobo
* DA: Delta Amacuro
* DF: Dependencias Federales
* Fa: Falcón
* Mi: Miranda
* Mo: Monagas
* NE: Nueva Esparta
* Su: Sucre
* Va: Vargas
* Zu: Zulia

## References

[edit]

1. ^ Miloslavich P, Díaz JM, Klein E, et al. (2010). "Marine Biodiversity in the Caribbean: Regional Estimates and Distribution Patterns". PLOS ONE. 5 (8): e11916. Bibcode:2010PLoSO...511916M. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0011916. PMC 2914069. PMID 20689856.
2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Engel H (1939). "Echinoderms from Aruba, Curaçao, Bonaire and Northern Venezuela". Capita Zoologica. VIII (4): 1–12.
3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo Zoppy E (1967). "Contribución al conocimiento de los Equinodermos de Venezuela". Acta Biologica Venezuelica. 5 (17): 267–333.
4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u Zoppy, E. & Cedeño, A. 1980. Phylum Echinodermata. En: Bodini, R. & Rada, D. Biología Animal. Editorial Ateneo de Caracas. Caracas - Venezuela. pp:233-242
5. ^ a b c Flores C., Martínez de R. A. (1970). "Status de la familia Goniasteridae (Asteroidea: Phanerozonia) en la región Oriental de Venezuela". Boletín del Instituto Oceanográfico de la Universidad de Oriente. 9 (1–2): 3–8.1–2&rft.pages=3-8&rft.date=1970&rft.au=Flores+C.,+Martínez+de+R.+A.&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:List+of+echinoderms+of+Venezuela" class="Z3988">
6. ^ a b c d e f Martínez, Mago H (1975). "Contribución al conocimiento de los holoturoideos (Holoturoidea: Echinodermata) de la región oriental de Venezuela". Boletín del Instituto Oceanográfico de la Universidad de Oriente. 14 (2): 187–197.
7. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl "Gómez M, María C. y Hernández A, Iván. 2011: Equinodermos de la bahía Tunantal, Estado Sucre, Venezuela. Boletín del Instituto Oceanográfico de Venezuela, 50 (2): 209-231". Ojs.udo.edu.ve. 2013-01-13. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
8. ^ "Encyclopedia of Life (EOL) Antedon bifida". EOL. 2010-03-30. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
9. ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Antedon bifida (Pennant, 1777) AphiaID: 124201". Marinespecies.org. 2004-12-21. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
10. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u Matínez E. Rafael y Martínez M. Enrique. 1998: Técnicas generales para invertebrados, colecta, anestesia, fijación, preservación, coloración, montaje, cultivo y calidad de agua. Caracas. 246p.
11. ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Davidaster rubiginosus (Pourtalès, 1869) AphiaID: 246784". Marinespecies.org. 2007-10-12. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
12. ^ "encyclopedia od Life (EOL) Tropiometra carinata". EOL. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
13. ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Tropiometra carinata (Lamarck, 1816) AphiaID: 213331". Marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
14. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Cervigon, F. y Velázquez, E. 1981. Nombres venáculos de organismos marinos del Estado Nueva Esparta. Caracas. 53p.
15. ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Anthenoides piercei Perrier, 1881 AphiaID: 178061". Marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
16. ^ "Encyclopedia of Life (EOL) Asterinides folium Common Blunt Armed Sea Star". EOL. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
17. ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Asterinides folium (Lutken, 1860) AphiaID: 459535". Marinespecies.org. 2010-02-27. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
18. ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Astropecten antillensis Lütken, 1859 AphiaID: 178646". Marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
19. ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Astropecten brasiliensis Müller & Troschel, 1842 AphiaID: 178647". Marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
20. ^ a b c d Juan Capelo; Javier Gutiérrez; M. Rada; J. Buitrago; J. Narváez (December 2007). Biodiversidad de las comunidades de bentos del sur del golfo de Paria, Venezuela [Biodiversity of the benthic communities of the southern Gulf of Paria, Venezuela] (Report). Fundación La Salle de Ciencias Naturales. ISSN 0037-8518. Archived from the original on 2013-07-07. Retrieved 2013-07-21.
21. ^ "Encyclopedia of Life (EOL) Astropecten duplicatus Two-spined Star Fish". EOL. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
22. ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Astropecten duplicatus Gray, 1840 AphiaID: 178650". Marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
23. ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Astropecten marginatus Gray, 1840 AphiaID: 178667". Marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
24. ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Echinaster (Othilia) brasiliensis Müller & Troschel, 1842 AphiaID: 178747". Marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
25. ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Echinaster (Othilia) echinophorus (Lamarck, 1816) AphiaID: 178748". Marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
26. ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Goniaster tessellatus (de Lamarck, 1816) AphiaID: 124033". Marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
27. ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Linckia guildingi Gray, 1840 AphiaID: 178188". Marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
28. ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Luidia alternata (Say, 1825)AphiaID: 178615". Marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
29. ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Luidia clathrata (Say, 1825) AphiaID: 158497". Marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
30. ^ "Encyclopedia of Life (EOL) Luidia senegalensis Nine-armed Sea Star". EOL. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
31. ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Luidia senegalensis (Lamark, 1816) AphiaID: 178641". Marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
32. ^ "Encyclopedia of Life (EOL) Oreaster reticulatus Cushion Sea Star". EOL. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
33. ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Oreaster reticulatus (Linnaeus, 1758) AphiaID: 178210". Marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
34. ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Tethyaster vestitus (Say, 1825) AphiaID: 178718". Marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
35. ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Amphiodia trychna H.L. Clark, 1918 AphiaID: 242681". Marinespecies.org. 2007-07-18. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
36. ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Amphioplus coniortodes H.L. Clark, 1918 AphiaID: 242765". Marinespecies.org. 2007-07-18. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
37. ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Amphipholis januarii Ljungman, 1866 AphiaID: 149906". Marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
38. ^ "Encyclopedia of Life (EOL) Amphipholis squamata Small Brittle Star". EOL. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
39. ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Amphipholis squamata (Delle Chiaje, 1828) AphiaID: 125064". Marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
40. ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Amphiura palmeri Koehler, 1906 AphiaID: 125093". Marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
41. ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Amphiura rathbuni Koehler, 1914 AphiaID: 242980". Marinespecies.org. 2007-07-18. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
42. ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Amphiura stimpsoni Lütken, 1859 AphiaID: 242991". Marinespecies.org. 2007-07-18. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
43. ^ "Encyclopedia of Life (EOL) Asteronyx loveni Pipe-cleaner Brittlestar". EOL. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
44. ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Asteronyx loveni Müller & Troschel, 1842 AphiaID: 124951". Marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
45. ^ "Encyclopedia of Life (EOL) Astrophyton muricatum Giant Basket Star". EOL. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
46. ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Astrophyton muricatum (Lamarck, 1816) AphiaID: 243214". Marinespecies.org. 2007-07-18. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
47. ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Microphiopholis atra (Stimpson, 1852) AphiaID: 158072". Marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
48. ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Microphiopholis gracillima (Stimpson, 1854) AphiaID: 405791". Marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
49. ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Ophiactis muelleri Lütken, 1856 AphiaID: 243460". Marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
50. ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Ophiactis algicola H.L. Clark, 1933 AphiaID: 243434". Marinespecies.org. 2007-07-18. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
51. ^ "Encyclopedia of Life (EOL) Ophiactis savignyi Savigny's Brittle Star". EOL. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
52. ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Ophiactis savignyi (Müller & Troschel, 1842) AphiaID: 125122". Marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
53. ^ "Encyclopedia of Life (EOL) Ophiocnida scabriuscula Lobate Brittle Star". EOL. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
54. ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Ophiocnida scabriuscula (Lütken, 1859) AphiaID: 422458". Marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
55. ^ "Encyclopedia of Life (EOL) Ophiocoma echinata Black Brittle Star". EOL. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
56. ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Ophiocoma echinata (Lamarck, 1816) AphiaID: 243573". Marinespecies.org. 2007-07-18. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
57. ^ "Encyclopedia of Life (EOL) Ophiocoma pumila Banded Ophiocoma". EOL. 2011-08-30. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
58. ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Ophiocoma pumila Lütken, 1856 AphiaID: 243578". Marinespecies.org. 2007-07-18. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
59. ^ "Encyclopedia of Life (EOL) Ophiocoma wendtii Red Ophiocoma". EOL. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
60. ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Ophiocoma wendtii Müller & Troschel, 1842 AphiaID: 243582". Marinespecies.org. 2007-07-18. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
61. ^ "Encyclopedia of Life (EOL) Ophiocomella ophiactoides Coralline Brittle Star". EOL. 2011-08-30. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
62. ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Ophiocomella ophiactoides (H.L. Clark, 1900) AphiaID: 243584". Marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
63. ^ "Encyclopedia of Life (EOL) Ophioderma appressa Harlequin Brittle Star". EOL. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
64. ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Ophioderma appressa (Say, 1825) AphiaID: 243630". Marinespecies.org. 2007-07-18. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
65. ^ "Encyclopedia of Life (EOL) Ophioderma brevicauda Short Spined Ophioderma". EOL. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
66. ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Ophioderma brevicauda Lütken, 1856 AphiaID: 243631". Marinespecies.org. 2007-07-18. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
67. ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Ophioderma brevispina (Say, 1825) AphiaID: 158073". Marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
68. ^ "Encyclopedia of Life (EOL) Ophioderma cinerea Chocolate Brittle Star". EOL. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
69. ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Ophioderma cinerea Müller & Troschel, 1842 AphiaID: 243632". Marinespecies.org. 2007-07-18. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
70. ^ "Encyclopedia of Life (EOL) Ophioderma rubicunda Ruby Brittle Star". EOL. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
71. ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Ophioderma rubicunda Lütken, 1856 AphiaID: 243645". Marinespecies.org. 2007-07-18. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
72. ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Ophiolepis elegans Lütken, 1859 AphiaID: 243691". Marinespecies.org. 2007-07-18. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
73. ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Ophiolepis impressa Lütken, 1859 AphiaID: 243695". Marinespecies.org. 2007-07-18. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
74. ^ "Encyclopedia of Life (EOL) Ophiolepis impressa Scaly Brittle Star". EOL. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
75. ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Ophiolepis paucispina (Say, 1825) AphiaID: 124887". Marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
76. ^ "Encyclopedia of Life (EOL) Ophiomyxa flaccida Slimy Brittle Star". EOL. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
77. ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Ophiomyxa flaccida (Say, 1825) AphiaID: 243863". Marinespecies.org. 2007-07-18. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
78. ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Ophionereis olivacea H.L. Clark, 1900 AphiaID: 243886". Marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
79. ^ "Encyclopedia of Life (EOL) Ophionereis reticulata Reticulated Brittle Star". EOL. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
80. ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Ophionereis reticulata (Say, 1825) AphiaID: 124833". Marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
81. ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Ophionereis squamulosa Koehler, 1914 AphiaID: 243892". Marinespecies.org. 2007-07-18. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
82. ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Ophiopsila hartmeyeri Koehler, 1913 AphiaID: 244010". Marinespecies.org. 2007-07-18. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
83. ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Ophiopsila riisei Lütken, 1859 AphiaID: 244020". Marinespecies.org. 2007-07-18. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
84. ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Ophiophragmus wurdemani (Lyman, 1860) AphiaID: 243937". Marinespecies.org. 2007-07-18. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
85. ^ "Encyclopedia of Life (EOL) Ophiothrix angulata Angular Brittle Star". EOL. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
86. ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Ophiothrix (Ophiothrix) angulata (Say, 1825) AphiaID: 244162". Marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
87. ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Ophiothrix brachyactis H.L. Clark, 1915 AphiaID: 244106". Marinespecies.org. 2007-07-18. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
88. ^ "Encyclopedia of Life (EOL) Ophiothrix oerstedii Oersted's Brittle Star". EOL. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
89. ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Ophiothrix (Ophiothrix) oerstedii Lütken, 1856 AphiaID: 244182". Marinespecies.org. 2007-07-18. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
90. ^ "Encyclopedia of Life (EOL) Ophiothrix suensoni Suenson's Brittle Star". EOL. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
91. ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Ophiothrix (Acanthophiothrix) suensonii Lütken, 1856 AphiaID: 244148". Marinespecies.org. 2007-07-18. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
92. ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Ophiura acervata (Lyman, 1869) AphiaID: 244255". Marinespecies.org. 2007-07-18. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
93. ^ Serafy, Keith. & Fell, Julian. 1985: Marine flora and fauna of the Northeastern United States. Echidodermata: Echinoidea. NOAA technical Report NMFS 33. 28p.
94. ^ "Encyclopedia Of Life (EOL) Arbacia punctulata". EOL. 2011-10-14. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
95. ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Arbacia punctulata (Lamarck, 1816) AphiaID: 158058". Marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
96. ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Brissopsis elongata Mortensen, 1907 AphiaID: 422510". Marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
97. ^ "Encyclopedia Of Life (EOL) Brissus unicolor". EOL. 2011-10-14. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
98. ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Brissus unicolor (Leske, 1778) AphiaID: 124380". Marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
99. ^ a b c d e f g h i j "Francisco, V. y Pauls, S. 2008: Especies del orden Clypeasteroida (Echinodermata: Echinoidea)de las costas de Venezuela. Revista de Biología Tropical 56(Suppl. 3):215-228" (PDF). Revista de Biología Tropical. ISSN 0034-7744. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
100. ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Clypeaster cyclopilus H.L. Clark, 1941 AphiaID: 513181". Marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
101. ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Clypeaster euclastus H.L. Clark, 1941 AphiaID: 422495". Marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
102. ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Clypeaster lamprus H.L. Clark, 1914 AphiaID: 513185". Marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
103. ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Clypeaster prostratus (Ravenel, 1845) AphiaID: 422497". Marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
104. ^ "encyclopedia od Life (EOL) Clypeaster rosaceus". EOL. 2012-06-14. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
105. ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Clypeaster rosaceus (Linnaeus, 1758) AphiaID: 367962". Marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
106. ^ "encyclopedia od Life (EOL) Clypeaster subdepressus". EOL. 2011-10-14. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
107. ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Clypeaster subdepressus (Gray, 1825) AphiaID: 422499". Marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
108. ^ "encyclopedia od Life (EOL) Diadema antillarum". EOL. 2009-07-24. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
109. ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Diadema antillarum Philippi, 1845 AphiaID: 124332". Marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
110. ^ Pompa L.; Prieto A. S.; Manrique R. (1989). "Abundancia y distribución espacial en una población del erizo Echinometra lucunter (L) en el Golfo de Cariaco, Venezuela". Acta Científica Venezolana. 40: 289–294.
111. ^ "encyclopedia od Life (EOL) Echinometra lucunter". EOL. 2011-10-14. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
112. ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Echinometra lucunter (Linnaeus, 1758) AphiaID: 213380". Marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
113. ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Echinometra viridis A. Agassiz, 1863 AphiaID: 422493". Marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
114. ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Encope emarginata (Leske, 1778) AphiaID: 513255". Marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
115. ^ "encyclopedia od Life (EOL) Encope michelini". EOL. 2011-10-14. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
116. ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Encope michelini L. Agassiz, 1841 AphiaID: 422501". Marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
117. ^ "encyclopedia od Life (EOL) Eucidaris tribuloides". EOL. 2011-10-14. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
118. ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Eucidaris tribuloides (Lamarck, 1816) AphiaID: 396741". Marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
119. ^ "encyclopedia od Life (EOL) Leodia sexiesperforata". EOL. 2011-10-14. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
120. ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Leodia sexiesperforata (Leske, 1778) AphiaID: 422502". Marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
121. ^ Gómez G (2002). "Abundancia de erizo Lytechinus variegatus (Lamarck) en la costa norte, este y oeste de la isla de Margarita (Venezuela)". Acta Científica Venezolana. 53 (1): 43–53.
122. ^ "encyclopedia od Life (EOL) Lytechinus variegatus". EOL. 2011-10-14. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
123. ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Lytechinus variegatus (Lamarck, 1816) AphiaID: 367850". Marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
124. ^ "encyclopedia od Life (EOL) Mellita quinquiesperforata". EOL. 2012-06-14. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
125. ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Mellita quinquiesperforata (Leske, 1778) AphiaID: 158065". Marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
126. ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Meoma ventricosa (Lamarck, 1816) AphiaID: 367846". Marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
127. ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Moira atropos (Lamarck, 1816) AphiaID: 158067". Marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
128. ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Plagiobrissus grandis (Gmelin, 1788) AphiaID: 422511". Marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
129. ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Schizaster orbignyanus A. Agassiz, 1880 AphiaID: 422521". Marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
130. ^ "encyclopedia od Life (EOL) Tripneustes ventricosus". EOL. 2011-10-14. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
131. ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Tripneustes ventricosus (Lamarck, 1816) AphiaID: 422490". Marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
132. ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Aslia pygmaea (Théel, 1886) AphiaID: 529439". Marinespecies.org. 2010-10-06. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
133. ^ a b Pawson, David L.; Pawson, Doris J.; King, Rachael A. (2010). "A taxonomic guide to the Echinodermata of the South Atlantic Bight, USA: 1. Sea cucumbers (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea)" (PDF). Zootaxa. 2449 (2449): 1–48\. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.2449.1.1. ISSN 1175-5326. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
134. ^ Museo de Biología de la Universidad Central de Venezuela. Catálogo de Echinodermata MBUCV-VI. Universidad Central de Venezuela. Facultad de Ciencias. Instituto de Zoología Tropical Caracas – Venezuela.
135. ^ "Encyclopedia of Life (EOL) Astichopus multifidus Fissured Sea Cucumber". EOL. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
136. ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Astichopus multifidus (Sluiter, 1910) AphiaID: 241780". Marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
137. ^ "Encyclopedia of Life (EOL) Chiridota rotifera Worm Cucumber". EOL. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
138. ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Chiridota rotifera (Pourtalès, 1851) AphiaID: 422538". Marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
139. ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Euthyonacta solida (Deichmann, 1930) AphiaID: 422524". Marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
140. ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Holothuria (Thymiosycia) arenicola Semper, 1868 AphiaID: 210814". Ojs.udo.edu.ve. 2013-01-13. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
141. ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Holothuria (Cystipus) cubana Ludwig, 1875 AphiaID: 241823". Marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
142. ^ "Encyclopedia of Life (EOL) Holothuria glaberrima Brown Rock Sea Cucumber". EOL. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
143. ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Holothuria (Selenkothuria) glaberrima Selenka, 1867 AphiaID: 241851". Marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
144. ^ "Encyclopedia of Life (EOL) Holothuria grisea Gray Sea Cucumber". EOL. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
145. ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Holothuria (Halodeima) grisea Selenka, 1867 AphiaID: 241833". Marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
146. ^ "Encyclopedia of Life (EOL) Holothuria impatiens Impatient Sea Cucumber". EOL. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
147. ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Holothuria (Thymiosycia) impatiens (Forskål, 1775) AphiaID: 125185". Marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
148. ^ "Encyclopedia of Life (EOL) Holothuria mexicana Donkey Dung Sea Cucumber". EOL. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
149. ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Holothuria (Halodeima) mexicana Ludwig, 1875 AphiaID: 125180". Marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
150. ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Holothuria (Cystipus) occidentalis Ludwig, 1875 AphiaID: 241826". Marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
151. ^ "Encyclopedia of Life (EOL) Holothuria parvula Golden Sea Cucumber". EOL. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
152. ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Holothuria (Platyperona) parvula (Selenka, 1867) AphiaID: 125183". Marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
153. ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Holothuria (Theelothuria) princeps Selenka, 1867 AphiaID: 210890". Marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
154. ^ "Encyclopedia of Life (EOL) Holothuria surinamensis Surinam Sea Cucumber". EOL. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
155. ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Holothuria (Semperothuria) surinamensis Ludwig, 1875 AphiaID: 241858". Marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
156. ^ "Encyclopedia of Life (EOL) Holothuria thomasi Tiger Tail Sea Cocumber". EOL. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
157. ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Holothuria (Thymiosycia) thomasi Pawson & Caycedo, 1980 AphiaID: 241876". Marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
158. ^ Isostichopus badionotus. "Encyclopedia of Life (EOL) Isostichopus badionotus Three-rowed Sea Cucumber". EOL. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
159. ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Isostichopus badionotus (Selenka, 1867) AphiaID: 367868". Marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
160. ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Lissothuria antillensis Pawson, 1967 AphiaID: 529094". Marinespecies.org. 2010-10-06. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
161. ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Lissothuria braziliensis (Théel, 1886) AphiaID: 529525". Marinespecies.org. 2010-10-06. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
162. ^ García, Rosa del Valle., Solís-Marín, Francisco A., Abreu Pérez, Mercedes., Laguarda Figueras, Alfredo & Durán-González, Alicia. 2005 Catálogo de los equinodermos Echinodermata: Crinoidea, Echinoidea, Holothuroidea) nerítico-bentónicos del Archipiélago Cubano. Archived 2013-10-19 at the Wayback Machine Rev. Biol. Trop. 53(Suppl. 3):9-28, D ISSN 0034-7744
163. ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Pentamera pulcherrima Ayres, 1852 AphiaID: 149908". Marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
164. ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Pseudothyone belli (Ludwig, 1887) AphiaID: 422535". Marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
165. ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Sclerodactyla briareus (Lesueur, 1824) AphiaID: 158532". Marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
166. ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Thyone pseudofusus Deichmann, 1930 AphiaID: 225684". Marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
167. ^ "World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) Thyonidium seguroensis (Deichmann, 1930) AphiaID: 529705". Marinespecies.org. 2010-10-06. Retrieved 2013-10-18.

## External links

[edit]

* Venciclopedia - Listado de Equinodermos de Venezuela
* Abundancia de erizo Lytechinus variegatus (Lamarck) en la costa norte, este y oeste de la isla de Margarita (Venezuela)
* Equinodermos del Caribe colombiano I: Crinoidea, Asteroidea y Ophiuroidea. 2012. Milena Benavides Serrato. Giomar Helena Borrero Pérez. Christian Michael Díaz Sánchez. Instituto de Investigaciones Marino Costeras José Benito Vives De Andrèis (IVEMAR). Colombia. ISBN 978-958-8448-36-7
* Equinodermos del Caribe colombiano II: Echinoidea y Holothuroidea. 2012. Milena Benavides Serrato. Giomar Helena Borrero Pérez. Christian Michael Díaz Sánchez. Instituto de Investigaciones Marino Costeras José Benito Vives De Andrèis (IVEMAR). Colombia. ISBN 978-958-8448-52-7
* Alvarado, Juan José., y Alfonso S.M., Francisco. (editores) 2013: Echinoderm research and diversity in Latin America. Springer Verlag, Berlin. ISBN 978-3-642-20050-2, ISBN 978-3-642-20051-9