List of environmental sampling techniques

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Environmental sampling techniques are used in biology, ecology and conservation as part of scientific studies to learn about the flora and fauna of a particular area and establish a habitat's biodiversity, the abundance of species and the conditions in which these species live amongst other information.[1] Where species are caught, researchers often then take the trapped organisms for further study in a lab or are documented by a researcher in the field before the animal is released. This information can then be used to better understand the environment, its ecology, the behaviour of species and how organisms interact with one another and their environment. Here is a list of some sampling techniques and equipment used in environmental sampling:

* Quadrats \- used for plants and slow moving animals[2][3]

## Techniques for Birds and/or Flying Invertebrates and/or Bats

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* Malaise Trap[4][5][6]
* Flight Interception Trap[7][8]
* Harp Trap[9][10]
* Robinson Trap[11]
* Butterfly Net[12]
* Mist Net[13]

## Techniques for Terrestrial Animals

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* Transect[14][3]
* Tullgren Funnel[15] \- used for soil-living arthropods
* Pitfall Trap[15] \- used for small terrestrial animals like insects and amphibians
* Netting techniques for terrestrial animals
* Beating Net[16] \- used for insects dwelling in trees and shrubs
* Sweep Netting[17] \- used for insects in grasses
* Aspirator/Pooter[18][19] \- used for insects
* Camera Trap[20] \- used for larger animals
* Sherman Trap[21][22] \- used for small mammals

## See also

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* Insect Collecting
* Wildlife Biology
* Sampling

## Sources

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1. ^ "Introduction to sampling - FSC Biology Fieldwork". www.biology-fieldwork.org. Retrieved 2021-08-02.
2. ^ "Quadrat Sampling | Census of Marine Life". www.coml.org. Retrieved 2021-11-16.
3. ^ a b "Using quadrats in sampling - Field investigations - OCR Gateway - GCSE Biology (Single Science) Revision - OCR Gateway". BBC Bitesize. Retrieved 2021-11-16.
4. ^ "Malaise Traps- Collecting MethodsMississippi Entomological Museum Home". mississippientomologicalmuseum.org.msstate.edu. Retrieved 2021-11-16.
5. ^ "What is a Malaise Trap? | School Malaise Trap Program". malaiseprogram.com. Retrieved 2021-11-16.
6. ^ "Malaise trap - Entomologists' glossary - Amateur Entomologists' Society (AES)". www.amentsoc.org. Retrieved 2021-11-16.
7. ^ Burns, Moya; Hancock, Geoff; Robinson, Jeanne; Cornforth, Ian; Blake, Shona (2014-06-01). "Two novel flight-interception trap designs for low-cost forest insect surveys". British Journal of Entomology and Natural History. 27: 155–162\. ISSN 0952-7583.155-162&rft.date=2014-06-01&rft.issn=0952-7583&rft.aulast=Burns&rft.aufirst=Moya&rft.au=Hancock,+Geoff&rft.au=Robinson,+Jeanne&rft.au=Cornforth,+Ian&rft.au=Blake,+Shona&rft_id=http://eprints.gla.ac.uk/117037/&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:List+of+environmental+sampling+techniques" class="Z3988">
8. ^ Bolliger, Janine; Collet, Marco; Hohl, Michael; Obrist, Martin K. (2020-07-10). "Automated flight-interception traps for interval sampling of insects". PLOS ONE. 15 (7): e0229476. Bibcode:2020PLoSO..1529476B. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0229476. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 7351151. PMID 32649703.
9. ^ "Survey guidelines for Australia's threatened bats" (DOC). Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage & the Arts. Retrieved December 22, 2023.
10. ^ Tidemann, C. R.; Loughland, R. A. (1993). "A harp trap for large megachriopterans". Wildlife Research. 20 (5): 607–611\. doi:10.1071/wr9930607. ISSN 1448-5494.607-611&rft.date=1993&rft_id=info:doi/10.1071/wr9930607&rft.issn=1448-5494&rft.aulast=Tidemann&rft.aufirst=C.+R.&rft.au=Loughland,+R.+A.&rft_id=https://www.publish.csiro.au/wr/wr9930607&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:List+of+environmental+sampling+techniques" class="Z3988">
11. ^ "Moth News: Moth-trapping Part II: Methods and techniques". BirdGuides. 2011-04-02. Retrieved 2021-11-18.
12. ^ "Butterfly net - Entomologists' glossary - Amateur Entomologists' Society (AES)". www.amentsoc.org. Retrieved 2021-11-16.
13. ^ Marques, João Tiago; Pereira, Maria J. Ramos; Marques, Tiago A.; Santos, Carlos David; Santana, Joana; Beja, Pedro; Palmeirim, Jorge M. (2013-09-18). "Optimizing Sampling Design to Deal with Mist-Net Avoidance in Amazonian Birds and Bats". PLOS ONE. 8 (9): e74505. Bibcode:2013PLoSO...874505M. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0074505. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 3776857. PMID 24058579.
14. ^ "Transects - FSC Biology Fieldwork". www.biology-fieldwork.org. Retrieved 2021-08-02.
15. ^ a b "Catching invertebrates in leaf litter and soil - FSC Biology Fieldwork". www.biology-fieldwork.org. Retrieved 2021-08-02.
16. ^ "Beating tray - Entomologists' glossary - Amateur Entomologists' Society (AES)". www.amentsoc.org. Retrieved 2021-11-16.
17. ^ "Sweep net - Entomologists' glossary - Amateur Entomologists' Society (AES)". www.amentsoc.org. Retrieved 2021-11-16.
18. ^ "Catching invertebrates from trees and bushes - FSC Biology Fieldwork". www.biology-fieldwork.org. Retrieved 2021-08-02.
19. ^ "Pooter - Entomologists' glossary - Amateur Entomologists' Society (AES)". www.amentsoc.org. Retrieved 2021-11-16.
20. ^ "Camera trapping". WWF. Retrieved 2021-11-16.
21. ^ Harkins, Kristina M.; Keinath, Doug; Ben-David, Merav (2019-03-05). "It's a trap: Optimizing detection of rare small mammals". PLOS ONE. 14 (3): e0213201. Bibcode:2019PLoSO..1413201H. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0213201. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 6400386. PMID 30835752.
22. ^ Dizney, Laurie; Jones, Philip D.; Ruedas, Luis A. (2008). "Efficacy of Three Types of Live Traps Used for Surveying Small Mammals in the Pacific Northwest". Northwestern Naturalist. 89 (3): 171–180\. doi:10.1898/NWN08-18.1. ISSN 1051-1733. JSTOR 30135132. S2CID 86731759.171-180&rft.date=2008&rft.issn=1051-1733&rft_id=https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:86731759#id-name=S2CID&rft_id=https://www.jstor.org/stable/30135132#id-name=JSTOR&rft_id=info:doi/10.1898/NWN08-18.1&rft.aulast=Dizney&rft.aufirst=Laurie&rft.au=Jones,+Philip+D.&rft.au=Ruedas,+Luis+A.&rft_id=https://www.jstor.org/stable/30135132&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:List+of+environmental+sampling+techniques" class="Z3988">