List of fake news troll farms

Main article: List of fake news websites

This article contains dynamic lists that may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.

The following is a list of websites, separated by country, that have been designated by journalists and researchers as likely being part of troll farms.

## List

[edit]

### Albania

[edit]

Name  | Domain  | Status  | Notes  | Sources

|
|
|
|

bients.com  | bients.com  |  | Often spreading fake stories, often of political nature.  | [1]
The Predicted | ThePredicted.com  |  | Supported Bernie Sanders during the 2016 U.S. Democratic Primaries and 2016 US Presidential Election with false stories about Hillary Clinton.  | [1]

### Cambodia

[edit]

The following is a list of websites linked to a group based in Cambodia that posted death hoaxes about public figures in order to spread malware.

Name  | Domain  | Status  | Notes  | Sources

|
|
|
|

bx24news.com  | bx24news.com  |  |  | [2]
thedailynews24hr.com  | thedailynews24hr.com  |  |  | [3]
Daily90news.com  | Daily90news.com  |  |  | [2]
e365media.com  | e365media.com  |  |  | [2]
fnews2.com  | fnews2.com  |  |  | [4]
freshnews49.com  | freshnews49.com  |  |  | [2]
Freshnews85.com  | Freshnews85.com  |  |  | [2]
mz24news.com  | mz24news.com  |  |  | [5]
news28link.com  | news28link.com  |  |  | [6]
news37zone.com  | news37zone.com  |  |  | [2]
Newsa24daily.com  | Newsa24daily.com  |  |  | [7]
newsidaily.com  | newsidaily.com  |  |  | [2]
newskdaily.com  | newskdaily.com  |  |  | [8]
ranksnews.com  | ranksnews.com  |  |  | [2]
todaynewsbd.com  | todaynewsbd.com  |  |  | [2]
wreddismorce.com  | wreddismorce.com  |  |  | [2]

### Ghana

[edit]

The following websites are part of a network of fake news websites registered in Ghana between 2016 and 2018, many of which have spread death hoaxes about public figures.

Name  | Domain  | Status  | Notes  | Sources

|
|
|
|

1ivescores.com  | 1ivescores.com  |  |  | [9]
1ndependent.co.uk  | 1ndependent.co.uk  |  |  | [9]
ab.cnewsgo.com  | ab.cnewsgo.com  |  |  | [9]
abcnewgo.com  | abcnewgo.com  |  |  | [9]
aljazeera-TV.com  | aljazeera-TV.com  |  |  | [9]
aljazeeranews-TV.com  | aljazeeranews-TV.com  |  |  | [9]
allafricanews.co.za  | allafricanews.co.za  |  |  | [9]
asianews-TV.com  | asianews-TV.com  |  |  | [9]
bbctimes.com  | bbctimes.com  |  |  | [9]
boroughtimes.com  | boroughtimes.com  |  |  | [9]
breaking-bbc.co.uk  | breaking-bbc.co.uk  |  |  | [9]
Breaking-CNN.com  | Breaking-CNN.com  |  | Responsible for publishing numerous death hoaxes, including one for former First Lady Barbara Bush one day after her announcement that she would halt all further medical treatment in 2018. Designed to emulate CNN.  | [10][9]
cbn-TV.com  | cbn-TV.com  |  |  | [9]
channels-3.com  | channels-3.com  |  |  | [9]
City-Herald.com  | City-Herald.com  |  | Per PolitiFact.  | [11][9]
cnewsgo.com  | cnewsgo.com  |  |  | [9]
cnn-channel.com  | cnn-channel.com  |  |  | [9]
da1lymail.com  | da1lymail.com  |  |  | [9]
dailynews.tv  | dailynews.tv  |  |  | [9]
dream1k.com  | dream1k.com  |  |  | [9]
dw-tv3.com  | dw-tv3.com  |  |  | [9]
elpais-TV.com  | elpais-TV.com  |  |  | [9]
express-co.uk  | express-co.uk  |  |  | [9]
Florida-times.com  | Florida-times.com  |  |  | [9]
football-usa.com  | football-usa.com  |  |  | [9]
Fox-news24.com  | Fox-news24.com  | Defunct  | Imitates Fox News. Site currently down.  | [12][13][9]
foxnewsr.com  | foxnewsr.com  |  |  | [9]
france24-TV.com  | france24-TV.com  |  |  | [9]
global-news-views.news  | global-news-views.news  |  |  | [9]
glonews360.com  | glonews360.com  |  |  | [9]
Houston Chronicle TV  | houstonchronicle-TV.com  |  | Not affiliated with the legitimate Houston Chronicle.  | [14][15][16][9]
huffingtonpost-fm.com  | huffingtonpost-fm.com  |  |  | [9]
jetsanza.com  | jetsanza.com  |  |  | [9]
livetv-news.com  | livetv-news.com  |  |  | [9]
local-reports.com  | local-reports.com  |  |  | [9]
m1rror.com  | m1rror.com  |  |  | [9]
mailonline-TV.com  | mailonline-TV.com  |  |  | [9]
maltatodays.com  | maltatodays.com  |  |  | [9]
manhattan-post.com  | manhattan-post.com  |  |  | [9]
News 360  | meganews360.com  |  |  | [9][17][18][19][20]
metro-uk.com  | metro-uk.com  |  |  | [9]
miami-express.com  | miami-express.com  |  |  | [9]
Michigan-herald.com  | Michigan-herald.com  |  |  | [9]
mtv-tv3.com  | mtv-tv3.com  |  |  | [9]
naij.cbn-tv.com  | naij.cbn-tv.com  |  |  | [9]
news-TV.co.uk  | news-TV.co.uk  |  |  | [9]
news.cbn-tv.com  | news.cbn-tv.com  |  |  | [9]
news24-channel.com  | news24-channel.com  |  |  | [9]
news24-TV.com  | news24-TV.com  |  |  | [9]
news360-TV.com  | news360-TV.com  |  |  | [9]
news7pm.com  | news7pm.com  |  | Plagiarized its footer from The Last Line of Defense.  | [21]
newsdaily-TV.com  | newsdaily-TV.com  |  |  | [9]
NewsPhD.com  | NewsPhD.com  |  | Per PolitiFact.  | [11][9]
nydailynews-TV.com  | nydailynews-TV.com  |  | Impostor site, per PolitiFact  | [11][9]
nytimes-news.com  | nytimes-news.com  |  |  | [9]
ondamic.com  | ondamic.com  |  |  | [9]
online.read-news.com  | online.read-news.com  |  |  | [9]
online.states-tv.com  | online.states-tv.com  |  |  | [9][11]
parliaments.eu  | parliaments.eu  |  |  | [9]
primenews-TV.com  | primenews-TV.com  |  |  | [9]
radiogtv.com  | radiogtv.com  |  |  | [9]
read-news.com  | read-news.com  |  |  | [9]
smithrise.com  | smithrise.com  |  |  | [9]
states-news.com  | states-news.com  |  |  | [9]
stluciantimes.com  | stluciantimes.com  |  |  | [9]
streethitz.com  | streethitz.com  |  |  | [9]
te1egraph.co.uk  | te1egraph.co.uk  |  |  | [9]
te1egraph.com  | te1egraph.com  |  |  | [9]
telegraph-TV.com  | telegraph-TV.com  |  |  | [9]
Texas-express.com  | Texas-express.com  |  |  | [9]
theguard1an.com  | theguard1an.com  |  |  | [9]
theguidian.com  | theguidian.com  |  |  | [9]
times1live.co.za  | times1live.co.za  |  |  | [9]
TV-bbc.com  | TV-bbc.com  |  |  | [9]
TV-cnn.com  | TV-cnn.com  |  |  | [9]
updater24.com  | updater24.com  |  |  | [9]
USA-Radio.com  | USA-Radio.com  |  | Per PolitiFact.  | [11][9]
USA360-TV.com  | USA360-TV.com  |  | Per PolitiFact.  | [11][9]
USA Television  | Usa-television.com  |  | Impostor site, per FactCheck.org and PolitiFact. Affiliated with Fox-news24.com.  | [22][11][9]
usanews-TV.com  | usanews-TV.com  |  |  | [9]
usatoday-TV.com  | usatoday-TV.com  |  |  | [9]
za.i-telecast.com  | za.i-telecast.com  |  |  | [9]

### Myanmar

[edit]

The following is a list of websites tied to spam networks that were based in Myanmar and taken down by Facebook in 2020 for coordinated inauthentic behavior.

Name  | Domain  | Status  | Notes  | Sources

|
|
|
|

itechmedia.info  | itechmedia.info  |  |  | [23]
popinvdo.xyz  | popinvdo.xyz  |  |  | [23]
bamakhit.com  | bamakhit.com  |  |  | [23]
RAZZWIRE  | razzwire.net  |  | Accused by the Myanmar Press Council of plagiarism from news outlets.  | [23][24]
thuta.org  | thuta.org  |  |  | [23]
Shwe Wiki  | shwewiki.com  |  |  | [23]
latestmyanmarnews.com  | latestmyanmarnews.com  |  |  | [23]
Layaung.com  | Layaung.com  |  |  | [23]
alanzayar.com  | alanzayar.com  |  |  | [23]
celehits.com  | celehits.com  |  |  | [23]
bahuthutagabar.net  | bahuthutagabar.net  |  |  | [23]
thunkhuma.info  | thunkhuma.info  |  |  | [23]
shweman.website  | shweman.website  |  |  | [23]
themoonmm.club  | themoonmm.club  |  |  | [23]
Let Pan - Daily News  | letpandailynews.com  |  |  | [23]
myanmarfightcovid19.com  | myanmarfightcovid19.com  |  |  | [23]
celemedia.club  | celemedia.club  |  |  | [23]
News-uptodate.club  | News-uptodate.club  |  |  | [23]
thutazone.org  | thutazone.org  |  |  | [23]
khukhit.com  | khukhit.com  |  |  | [23]
shwethoon8.club  | shwethoon8.club  |  |  | [23]
shweman.com  | shweman.com  |  |  | [23]
updatenew.net  | updatenew.net  |  |  | [23]
poppingboxmm.com  | poppingboxmm.com  |  |  | [23]
myanmartodaylife.com  | myanmartodaylife.com  |  |  | [23]
celelove.com  | celelove.com  |  |  | [23]
urdufood.xyz  | urdufood.xyz  |  |  | [23]
minsatekyite.com  | minsatekyite.com  |  |  | [23]
feelingnews.com  | feelingnews.com  |  |  | [23]
aphawmon.com  | aphawmon.com  |  |  | [23]
khitstyle.com  | khitstyle.com  |  |  | [23]
storefeeling.com  | storefeeling.com  |  |  | [23]
dnaethadin.com  | dnaethadin.com  |  |  | [23]
hiinnommaww.site  | hiinnommaww.site  |  |  | [23]
khitlunge.com  | khitlunge.com  |  |  | [23]
aungthapyay.xyz  | aungthapyay.xyz  |  |  | [23]
aungthapyay.com  | aungthapyay.com  |  |  | [23]
sweetmyanmar.com  | sweetmyanmar.com  |  |  | [23]
abcmm.net  | abcmm.net  |  |  | [23]
Kalaykalar  | kalaykalar.com  |  |  | [23][24]
bahuthutagabar.com  | bahuthutagabar.com  |  |  | [23]
ONLINE LAWKA  | onlinelawka.com  |  | Accused by the Myanmar Press Council of plagiarism from news outlets.  | [23][24]
lugyinews.com  | lugyinews.com  |  |  | [23]
Online Hartha  | onlinehartha.com  |  |  | [23]
khitalinmedia.com  | khitalinmedia.com  |  |  | [23]
achawlaymyar.com  | achawlaymyar.com  |  |  | [23]
news.mintehrlay.xyz  | news.mintehrlay.xyz  |  |  | [23]
Padaethar  | padaethar.com  |  |  | [23]
harthalover.com  | harthalover.com  |  |  | [23]
myanmaralinn.best  | myanmaralinn.best  |  |  | [23]
maynewshub.com  | maynewshub.com  |  |  | [23]
sportmyanmarnews.com  | sportmyanmarnews.com  |  |  | [23]
celemama.com  | celemama.com  |  |  | [23]
MM Live News  | mmlivenews.com  |  | Accused by the Myanmar Press Council of plagiarism from news outlets.  | [23][24]
alinnmyay.com  | alinnmyay.com  |  |  | [23]
apannpyay.com  | apannpyay.com  |  |  | [23]
apannpyaymedia.com  | apannpyaymedia.com  |  |  | [23]
wowmyanmar.com  | wowmyanmar.com  |  |  | [23]
luckymyanmar.com  | luckymyanmar.com  |  |  | [23]
kyautthinpone.com  | kyautthinpone.com  |  |  | [23]
celetrend.com  | celetrend.com  |  |  | [23]
aungparsay.co  | aungparsay.co  |  |  | [23]
poppingmyanmar.com  | poppingmyanmar.com  |  |  | [23]
cele.mm1news.com  | cele.mm1news.com  |  |  | [23]
celevillage.com  | celevillage.com  |  |  | [23]
Alinnpya  | alinnpya.com  |  |  | [23]
mmcelebrity.info  | mmcelebrity.info  |  |  | [23]
Lupyo News  | luponews.com  |  |  | [23]
hlataw.com  | hlataw.com  |  |  | [23]
dnaekhitmedia.com  | dnaekhitmedia.com  |  |  | [23]
burmese.asia  | burmese.asia  |  |  | [23]
smilekodaw.com  | smilekodaw.com  |  |  | [23]
jeeptoolay.com  | jeeptoolay.com  |  |  | [23]
mmrednews.com  | mmrednews.com  |  |  | [23]
newspost.xyz  | newspost.xyz  |  |  | [23]
Myitter  | myitter.net  |  | Accused by the Myanmar Press Council of plagiarism from news outlets and spreading COVID-19 misinformation.  | [23][24]
စွယ်စုံသတင်းထူးများ  | topmmnews.com  |  | Accused by the Myanmar Press Council of plagiarism from news outlets.  | [23]
mmtimesspecialnews.com
ETS - Every Time Story  | everytimestory.com  |  | Accused by the Myanmar Press Council of plagiarism from news outlets.  | [23][24]
santhitsa.net  | santhitsa.net  |  |  | [23]
maharmedianews.com  | maharmedianews.com  |  |  | [23]
cmads.site  | cmads.site  |  |  | [23]
chartakemalay.website  | chartakemalay.website  |  |  | [23]
mdynews.xyz  | mdynews.xyz  |  |  | [23]
shwemyanmarmalay.com  | shwemyanmarmalay.com  |  |  | [23]
pyawsayar.com  | pyawsayar.com  |  |  | [23]
lucky7media.com  | lucky7media.com  |  |  | [23]
lupyonews.com  | lupyonews.com  |  |  | [23]
mzbfamily.com  | mzbfamily.com  |  |  | [23]
shwepyiaye.com  | shwepyiaye.com  |  |  | [23]
centralonlinenews.com  | centralonlinenews.com  |  |  | [23]
xbnewsmedia.com  | xbnewsmedia.com  |  |  | [23]
celemyinkwin.com  | celemyinkwin.com  |  |  | [23]
bagosar.com  | bagosar.com  |  |  | [23]
myanmartechnews.com  | myanmartechnews.com  |  |  | [23]
tameelay.com  | tameelay.com  |  |  | [23]
Myanmar Daily News  | chitsakar.com  |  | Accused by the Myanmar Press Council of plagiarism from news outlets.  | [23][24]

### North Macedonia

[edit]

The following websites are part of a network of fake news sites registered in North Macedonia for profit motives between the 2016 and 2020 US Presidential Election campaigns.

A 2018 report by Buzzfeed News linked the owners of an American fake news website, Liberty Writers News, to a Macedonian media attorney who operated numerous "fake news" websites during the six month lead-up to the 2016 Presidential Election. As of 2018, the governments of the United States and "at least two Western European countries" were investigating a possible connection between the Macedonian fake news sites and the Internet Research Agency, as an IRA employee was known to visit North Macedonia in 2015.[25]

Name  | Domain  | Status  | Notes  | Sources

|
|
|
|

24wpn.com  | 24wpn.com  |  | Per PolitiFact.  | [11]
247NewsMedia.com  | 247NewsMedia.com  |  | Per PolitiFact.  | [11]
abcnews.live  | abcnews.live  |  | Spoof of ABC News.  | [26][27]
About2Day.com  | About2Day.com  |  | Same owner as DailyHeadlinesNow.com.  | [28]
akniinfo.com  | akniinfo.com  |  |  | [29]
AmericanPeopleNetwork.com  | AmericanPeopleNetwork.com  |  | Per PolitiFact.  | [11]
AMPosts.com  | AMPosts.com  |  | Per PolitiFact.  | [11][30]
armyusanews.com  | armyusanews.com  |  |  | [29]
aweirdworld.net  | aweirdworld.net  |  |  | [29]
beaware.one  | beaware.one  |  | Published by a Macedonian officer at the Ministry of Defense.  | [31]
bestconservativenews.com  | bestconservativenews.com  |  |  | [27]
BlueVision.news  | BlueVision.news  |  | Per PolitiFact.

Copied story from the Last Line of Defense.

| [11][32][30]
boss24.net  | boss24.net  |  |  | [29]
bossfeed.net  | bossfeed.net  |  |  | [29]
breaktimedaily.com  | breaktimedaily.com  |  |  | [27]
butam.net  | butam.net  |  |  | [29]
BuzzFeedUSA.com  | BuzzFeedUSA.com  |  | Per PolitiFact. Not to be confused with BuzzFeed.  | [11][33][34]
BVA News  | BVAnews.com  |  | Pro-Trump website reportedly developed by a Macedonian teenager in 2016.  | [35][36][37]
cbinfo24.com  | cbinfo24.com  |  |  | [29][38]
ciceinfo.com  | ciceinfo.com  |  |  | [29]
cole24info.com  | cole24info.com  |  |  | [29]
conscountry.us  | conscountry.us  |  |  | [27]
Conservative Army  | Conservativearmy88.com  |  | Per FactCheck.org and PolitiFact.  | [22][11][25]
conservativecolumns.com  | conservativecolumns.com  |  |  | [27]
Conservative Fighters  | conservativefighters.com  |  |  | [39][40][41]
conservativefighters.org  | conservativefighters.org  |  |  | [40][41]
Conservative Flash News  | ConservativeFlashNews.com  |  | Per PolitiFact.

Copied story from the Last Line of Defense.

| [11][42][30]
conservativeforever.com  | conservativeforever.com  |  |  | [40][41]
Conservative Info Corner  | ConservativeInfoCorner.com  |  | Per PolitiFact.

Shares the same website metadata as redcountry.us.

| [11][43]
conservativemedia.com  | conservativemedia.com  |  |  | [40][41]
conservativenation.us  | conservativenation.us  |  |  | [27]
ConservativePaper.com  | ConservativePaper.com  |  | Per PolitiFact.  | [11][27]
ConservativePoliticus.com  | ConservativePoliticus.com  |  | Per PolitiFact.

Same owner as DailyHeadlinesNow.com.

| [11][28]
conservativestate.com  | conservativestate.com  |  |  | [37]
theconsinfo.com  | theconsinfo.com  |  |  | [27]
ConsPatriot.com  | ConsPatriot.com  |  | Same owner as DailyHeadlinesNow.com.  | [28]
coolinfo24.com  | coolinfo24.com  |  |  | [29]
crazyifonews.com  | crazyifonews.com  |  |  | [29]
cukam.com  | cukam.com  |  |  | [29]
cukaminfo.com  | cukaminfo.com  |  |  | [29]
cukammedia.com  | cukammedia.com  |  |  | [29]
cvikas.com  | cvikas.com  |  |  | [29]
cvikasdrv.com  | cvikasdrv.com  |  |  | [29]
cvikasinfo.com  | cvikasinfo.com  |  |  | [29]
cvrcinfo.com  | cvrcinfo.com  |  |  | [29]
Daily Info Box  | DailyInfoBox.com  |  | Per PolitiFact.

Shares the same website metadata as redcountry.us.

| [11][43]
DailyHeadlinesNow.com  | DailyHeadlinesNow.com  |  |  | [28]
dailynewsdiscovery.com  | dailynewsdiscovery.com  |  |  | [29]
dailynewspolitic.com  | dailynewspolitic.com  |  |  | [37]
dailypolitics.info  | dailypolitics.info  |  |  | [37]
dailyrethink.com  | dailyrethink.com  |  | Published by a Macedonian officer at the Ministry of Defense.  | [31]
Daily Sid News  | DailySidNews.com  |  | Per PolitiFact.

Copied story from The Last Line of Defense.

| [11][44]
Daily USA Update  | dailyusaupdate.com  |  | Falsely claimed that Scott Baio died in a plane crash.  | [45][46][47][27]
dawnlightnews.com  | dawnlightnews.com  |  | Published by a Macedonian officer at the Ministry of Defense.  | [31]
derven.net  | derven.net  |  |  | [29]
dotinfo24.com  | dotinfo24.com  |  |  | [29]
Donald Trump News  | DonaldTrumpNews.co  |  |  | [37]
donaldtrumpnews.net  | donaldtrumpnews.net  |  |  | [40][41]
The Examiner  | Theexaminer.site  |  | Per FactCheck.org and PolitiFact.  | [22][11][48]
extraordinaryinfo.com  | extraordinaryinfo.com  |  | Published by a Macedonian officer at the Ministry of Defense.  | [31]
fergieinfo.com  | fergieinfo.com  |  |  | [29]
forfreedomworld.com  | forfreedomworld.com  |  |  | [29]
FreshDailyReport.com  | FreshDailyReport.com  |  | Per PolitiFact.  | [11]
Global Politics Now  | GlobalPoliticsNow.com  |  | Per PolitiFact.  | [11]
GlobalRevolutionNetwork.com  | GlobalRevolutionNetwork.com  |  | Per PolitiFact.

Republished a hoax about worldwide blackout.

| [11][49]
Guerilla News  | guerilla.news  |  |  | [50][51][52][53]
Guerilla News  | Guerillanews.com  |  | Falsely claimed that President Obama cancelled Peace Officers Memorial Day.  | [22][54]
hardcoreusanews.com  | hardcoreusanews.com  |  |  | [29]
HealthyFoodHouse.com  | HealthyFoodHouse.com  |  |  | [55]
HealthyWorldHouse.com  | HealthyWorldHouse.com  |  | Per PolitiFact.  | [11]
hotmedia24.com  | hotmedia24.com  |  |  | [29]
ilovemyamerica.net  | ilovemyamerica.net  |  |  | [29]
kevkainfo.com  | kevkainfo.com  |  |  | [29]
libertyinfo.net  | libertyinfo.net  |  |  | [29]
libertyinfonews.com  | libertyinfonews.com  |  |  | [29]
libertymagazine.net  | libertymagazine.net  |  |  | [29]
libertynews.net  | libertynews.net  |  |  | [29]
thelibertynews.us  | thelibertynews.us  |  |  | [27]
Liberty Raise  | Thelibertyraise.com  |  | Per FactCheck.org.  | [38][27]
libertysignal.com  | libertysignal.com  |  |  | [40][41]
libertytoday.net  | libertytoday.net  |  |  | [29]
liberyinfo.com  | liberyinfo.com  |  |  | [29]
liberyinfo24.com  | liberyinfo24.com  |  |  | [29]
lifeeventweb.com  | lifeeventweb.com  |  |  | [29]
lifeinfo24.net  | lifeinfo24.net  |  |  | [29]
ludinfo24.com  | ludinfo24.com  |  |  | [29]
m2voice.co.uk  | m2voice.co.uk  |  | Published by a Macedonian officer at the Ministry of Defense.  | [31]
m2voice.com  | m2voice.com  |  | Published by a Macedonian officer at the Ministry of Defense.  | [31]
MacedoniaOnline.eu  | MacedoniaOnline.eu  |  | Per PolitiFact.  | [11]
magakagnews.com  | magakagnews.com  |  |  | [29]
magazinefornews.com  | magazinefornews.com  |  |  | [29]
matyinfo.com  | matyinfo.com  |  |  | [29]
meryinfo.com  | meryinfo.com  |  |  | [29]
mm24info.com  | mm24info.com  |  |  | [29]
mminfo24.com  | mminfo24.com  |  |  | [29]
myamazingnews.com  | myamazingnews.com  |  |  | [29]
mycrezynews.com  | mycrezynews.com  |  |  | [29]
mydeeptruth.com  | mydeeptruth.com  |  |  | [29]
mydeplorables.net  | mydeplorables.net  |  |  | [29]
myinfonews.com  | myinfonews.com  |  |  | [29]
myliberty.one  | myliberty.one  |  |  | [29]
New Conservatives  |  |  |  | [25]
newpoliticstoday.com  | newpoliticstoday.com  |  | Per PolitiFact.  | [29][11][56]
newpoliticstomorrow.com  | newpoliticstomorrow.com  |  |  | [29]
News Breaks Here  | newsbreakshere.com  |  | Falsely claimed that Hillary Clinton lost the popular vote in the 2016 US Presidential Election.

Copied story from The Last Line of Defense.

| [57][58][30]
News Feed Hunter  | NewsFeedHunter.com  |  | Per FactCheck.org and PolitiFact.  | [22][11][30]
newspatriot.net  | newspatriot.net  |  |  | [29]
The New York Evening | TheNewYorkEvening.com  |  | This fake news website has spread numerous false claims, including a fake story claiming that Malia Obama had been expelled from Harvard.  | [59]
NewYorkTimesPolitics.com  | NewYorkTimesPolitics.com  |  |  | [55]
Open Magazines  | OpenMagazines.com  |  | Per PolitiFact.  | [11][47][30]
opremedia.com  | opremedia.com  |  |  | [60]
opreminfo.com  | opreminfo.com  |  |  | [29]
opremmagazine.com  | opremmagazine.com  |  |  | [29]
opremmedia.com  | opremmedia.com  |  |  | [29]
patriotnetwork.one  | patriotnetwork.one  |  |  | [29]
thepetitioner.org  | thepetitioner.org  |  |  | [40][41]
phoenixusnews.site  | phoenixusnews.site  |  |  | [61]
planetbros.com  | planetbros.com  |  |  | [29]
politicodailynews  | politicodailynews.com  |  | Published false quote from Sheryl Crow.

Impostor site of Politico.

| [62]
politicreal.com  | politicreal.com  |  | Published by a Macedonian officer at the Ministry of Defense.  | [31]
PoliticsHall.com  | PoliticsHall.com  |  |  | [55]
prcmediainfo.com  | prcmediainfo.com  |  |  | [29]
proudpatriot.us  | proudpatriot.us  |  |  | [27]
ReadConservatives.news  | ReadConservatives.news  |  | Per PolitiFact.  | [11][25]
redbox.news  | redbox.news  |  |  | [27]
RedCountry.us  | RedCountry.us  |  | Per PolitiFact.  | [11][63][43]
RedInfo.us  | RedInfo.us  |  | Per PolitiFact.

Shares the same website metadata as redcountry.us.

| [11][43]
redpeople.us  | redpeople.us  |  | Shares the same website metadata as redcountry.us.  | [43]
RedPolitics.us  | RedPolitics.us  |  | Per PolitiFact.  | [11]
Resist the Mainstream  | resistthemainstream.com  |  | Part of a disinformation network that promoted conspiracy theories about COVID-19 and the 2020 United States presidential election. Linked to the "Defiant L's" Twitter account. Supported by leadership of Gettr. Works with Criteo for online advertising revenue. The site founder contributed $2,900 to Ron Watkins's 2022 congressional campaign.  | [40][41][64][65]
resistthemainstream.org  |
sacramentopress91.site  | sacramentopress91.site  |  |  | [61]
scandallinfo.com  | scandallinfo.com  |  |  | [29]
smithssite.com  | smithssite.com  |  |  | [29]
streetnews.one  | streetnews.one  |  |  | [29]
Success-Street.com  | Success-Street.com  |  | Per PolitiFact.  | [11]
svijmedia.com  | svijmedia.com  |  |  | [29]
tamche1966.com  | tamche1966.com  |  |  | [29]
tapainfo.com  | tapainfo.com  |  |  | [29]
Team Candace Owens  | teamcandanceowens.com  |  |  | [40][41]
Team Candace Owens  | teamcandanceowens.org  |  |  | [40][41]
teamdancrenshaw.com  | teamdancrenshaw.com  |  |  | [40][41]
teoinfo.com  | teoinfo.com  |  |  | [29]
thisboss.net  | thisboss.net  |  |  | [29]
todayliberty.com  | todayliberty.com  |  |  | [29]
Top Alert News  | Topalertnews.com  |  | Likely part of the same network as Donald Trump News.  | [38]
True Trumpers  | truetrumpers.com  |  |  | [30]
The Trumpers  | trumpers.live  |  |  | [27]
Trump Vision 365  | TrumpVision365.com  |  |  | [37]
tvrtinfo.com  | tvrtinfo.com  |  |  | [29]
universale24.com  | universale24.com  |  |  | [29]
Universale Info  | universaleinfo.com  |  |  | [29][38]
universalemedia.net  | universalemedia.net  |  |  | [29]
UniversePolitics.com  | UniversePolitics.com  |  | Per PolitiFact.  | [11]
USA Daily Info  | usadailyinfo.com  |  |  | [66][67][47]
USA Daily Politics  | USADailyPolitics.com  |  |  | [37]
USA Daily Post  | Usadailypost.us  |  | Per FactCheck.org and PolitiFact.  | [22][11]
USADoseNews.com  | USADoseNews.com  |  | Per PolitiFact.  | [11][68]
USANews4U.us  | USANews4U.us  |  | Per PolitiFact.

Copied April Fool's Day joke from Firstpost.com.

| [11][69]
USA Newsflash  | usanewsflash.com  |  | Per PolitiFact.

Falsely claimed that Donald Trump made an announcement as president on or around November 14, 2016, two months prior to inauguration.

| [11][70][71][72][73][74]
usapatriotsvoice.com  | usapatriotsvoice.com  |  |  | [29]
USAPolitics.co  | USAPolitics.co  |  |  | [55]
USA Politics Now  | USAPoliticsNow.com  |  | Per PolitiFact.  | [11][75]
USA Politics Today  | usapoliticstoday.com  |  | Per FactCheck.org and PolitiFact.

Copied story from The Last Line of Defense.

| [22][11][76][25]
USAPoliticsZone.com  | USAPoliticsZone.com  |  | Per PolitiFact.  | [11]
US Conservative Today  | USConservativeToday.com  |  |  | [37]
USInfoNews.com  | USInfoNews.com  |  | Per PolitiFact.  | [11]
USPoliticsLeader.com  | USPoliticsLeader.com  |  |  | [47]
US Postman  | USPostman.com  |  |  | [11][77][78]
vtamedia.com  | vtamedia.com  |  |  | [29]
WashingtonEvening.com  | WashingtonEvening.com  |  | Impostor site, per PolitiFact  | [11]
weagreeinfo.com  | weagreeinfo.com  |  |  | [29]
WeConservative.com  | WeConservative.com  |  | Per PolitiFact.  | [11]
weirdworldinfo.com  | weirdworldinfo.com  |  |  | [29]
worldnewsfrompolitics.com  | worldnewsfrompolitics.com  |  |  | [37]
World Politicus  | world-politicus.com  |  |  | [79][50][80]
World Politicus  | WorldPoliticus.com  |  |  | [37]
yougoinfo.com  | yougoinfo.com  |  |  | [29]

### Republic of Georgia

[edit]

The following websites are part of a network of fake news sites registered in the Republic of Georgia for profit motives during the 2016 US Presidential Election campaign. Some of these sites have attempted to spread malware or obtain personal information.

Name  | Domain  | Status  | Notes  | Sources

|
|
|
|

AllCrashNews.com  | AllCrashNews.com  |  |  | [81]
AmericanPresident.co  | AmericanPresident.co  |  | Per PolitiFact. Same owner as TrueTrumpers.com.  | [11][82]
American President Donald J. Trump  | americanpresidentdonaldj-trump.com  |  | Per Associated Press and Lead Stories.

Shares the same IP address or ad network ID as departed.co.

| [83][84][85]
AmericansMAGA.info  | AmericansMAGA.info  |  | Part of a network of sites based in the Republic of Georgia. Plagiarized a story from The Last Line of Defense. Reportedly attempts to install malware.  | [86]
BBC-Breaking-News.gq  | BBC-Breaking-News.gq  |  |  | [81]
BBC-Last-News.cf  | BBC-Last-News.cf  |  |  | [81]
BrutalEng.com  | BrutalEng.com  |  |  | [81]
CBCNews.gq  | CBCNews.gq  |  |  | [81]
CNNInternationalNews.com  | CNNInternationalNews.com  |  | Published a hoax article about a terrorist attack in New Zealand. Reportedly contains a pop-up that asks for personal information.  | [81]
CNNInternational.tk  | CNNInternational.tk  |  |  | [81]
county911.info  | county911.info  |  | Same owner as CountyNewsroom.info. Possibly spreads malware.  | [87]
CountyNewsroom.info  | CountyNewsroom.info  |  | The fake news website, registered to Tbilisi, Georgia, makes "a minimal attempt to look official" and is used to spread malware on readers' computers.  | [88][87]
DailyMirror.cf  | DailyMirror.cf  |  |  | [81]
DailyNewsPosts.info  | DailyNewsPosts.info  |  | Per PolitiFact.

Same owner as TrueTrumpers.com.

| [11][82]
dailynewspostss.com  | dailynewspostss.com  |  | Shares the same IP address or ad network ID as departed.co.  | [85]
DC Posts  | dcposts.info  |  | Same owner as TrueTrumpers.com.  | [82]
departed.co  | departed.co  |  | Part of network of fake news sites registered in Georgia for profit motives during the 2016 US Presidential Elections.  | [57]
DepartedMe.com  | DepartedMe.com  |  | Per PolitiFact.

Shares the same IP address or ad network ID as departed.co.

| [11][85]
FacebookNeww.info  | FacebookNeww.info  |  |  | [81]
FoxNewsSports.info  | FoxNewsSports.info  |  | Same owner as TrueTrumpers.com.  | [82]
freedomwriters.pro  | freedomwriters.pro  |  | Shares the same IP address or ad network ID as departed.co.  | [85]
HeraldNews.tk  | HeraldNews.tk  |  |  | [81]
TheLocal.ga  | TheLocal.ga  |  | Published a hoax article about a terrorist attack in Ottawa, Canada in 2016. Reportedly contains a pop-up that attempts to spread malware.  | [81]
maganews.co  | maganews.co  |  | Same owner as TrueTrumpers.com.  | [82]
NewsLeak.co  | NewsLeak.co  |  | Per PolitiFact.  | [11][89]
newsrooms.info  | newsrooms.info  |  | Same owner as CountyNewsroom.info. Possibly spreads malware.  | [90]
NewTabi.com  | NewTabi.com  |  |  | [81]
ReportForLife.com  | ReportForLife.com  |  |  | [81]
statewatcher.com  | statewatcher.com  |  | Shares the same IP address or ad network ID as departed.co.  | [85]
TrueTrumpers.com  | TrueTrumpers.com  |  | This fake news website makes "claims about President Donald Trump, former President Barack Obama and Muslims, in particular, as well as click-baiting claims about porn stars and secret tricks for weight loss and whiter teeth."

Same owner as departed.co.

| [91][82]
trumpence2024.com  | trumpence2024.com  |  | Shares the same IP address or ad network ID as departed.co.  | [85]
UnblockedGames.eu  | UnblockedGames.eu  |  |  | [81]
US4Trump  | unitedstatesforpresidentrump.com  |  | Shares the same IP address or ad network ID as departed.co.  | [85]
usadailynewsposts.com  | usadailynewsposts.com  |  | Shares the same IP address or ad network ID as departed.co.  | [85]
usatodaycom.com  | usatodaycom.com  |  | Part of network of fake news sites registered in Georgia for profit motives during the 2016 US Presidential Elections.  | [57]
usdailynewss.com  | usdailynewss.com  |  | Shares the same IP address or ad network ID as departed.co.  | [85]
usdeplorablesfortrump.com  | usdeplorablesfortrump.com  |  | Shares the same IP address or ad network ID as departed.co.  | [85]
usdeplorableslovestrump.com  | usdeplorableslovestrump.com  |  | Shares the same IP address or ad network ID as departed.co.  | [85]
usdeplorablesnews.com  | usdeplorablesnews.com  |  | Shares the same IP address or ad network ID as departed.co.  | [85]
usfoxnews.com  | usfoxnews.com  |  | Spoof of Fox News.

Shares the same IP address or ad network ID as departed.co.

| [85]
usofficialnews.com  | usofficialnews.com  |  | Shares the same IP address or ad network ID as departed.co.  | [85]
us-presidenttrump.com  | us-presidenttrump.com  |  | Shares the same IP address or ad network ID as departed.co.  | [85]
walkwithher.com  | walkwithher.com  |  | Part of network of fake news sites registered in Georgia for profit motives during the 2016 US Presidential Elections.  | [57]
World-BBC-News.com  | World-BBC-News.com  |  |  | [81]
xcounty.info  | xcounty.info  |  | Same owner as CountyNewsroom.info. Possibly spreads malware.  | [92]

### Republic of Kosovo

[edit]

Name  | Domain  | Status  | Notes  | Sources

|
|
|
|

ILoveNativeAmericans.us  | ILoveNativeAmericans.us  |  | Per PolitiFact.

Copied story from The Postillon, a parody/satire site.

| [11][93]
NativeAmericans.news  | NativeAmericans.news  |  | Copied story from The Postillon, a parody/satire site.  | [93]
NativeStuff.us  | NativeStuff.us  |  | Per PolitiFact.  | [11]
Patriotswalk  | Patriotswalk.us  |  | Per FactCheck.org.  | [38]
Police Task  | Policetask.com  |  | Per FactCheck.org.  | [38]
US Political News (USPOLN)  | uspoln.com  |  | Per FactCheck.org and PolitiFact.

Copied article from satire/parody site Politicops.com and fabricated quotes.

| [22][11][94][95][96]
Virality Things  | Viralitythings.us  |  | Per FactCheck.org.  | [38]
WebViners.com  | Webviners.com  |  | Per FactCheck.org.  | [38]
WeLoveNative.com  | WeLoveNative.com  |  | Per PolitiFact.

Copied story from The Postillon, a parody/satire site.

| [11][93]

### Romania

[edit]

Name  | Domain  | Status  | Notes  | Sources

|
|
|
|

Ending the Fed  | endingthefed.com  |  | Published many false claims, including that Donald Trump was endorsed by Pope Francis in 2016. Accused by the Foreign Policy Research Institute of being part of a propaganda campaign by Russia.  | [97][98][99]
Expunere  | expunere.com  |  | Same owner as Ending the Fed, targeting Romanian audiences. Accused by the Foreign Policy Research Institute of being part of a propaganda campaign by Russia.  | [98][99]

### Russia

[edit]

Main article: Internet Research Agency

Name  | Domain  | Status  | Notes  | Sources

|
|
|
|

BlackMatters.com  | BlackMatters.com  |  | Impostor site affiliated with the Internet Research Agency. Promoted a protest at Stone Mountain, Georgia in 2016 that was attended by white nationalists and anti-racist activists.  | [100]
LiveReport  | livereport.co.za  |  |  | [101]
nation-news.ru  | nation-news.ru  |  |  | [101]
Newsroom for American and European Based Citizens (NAEBC)  | naebc.com  |  |  | [101][102]
OnePoliticalPlaza.com  | OnePoliticalPlaza.com  |  | Per PolitiFact.

Promoted by the Internet Research Agency via Google AdWords. Claimed in a letter to the FEC to be run by a for-profit company registered in Florida. In 2020, the purported owner of the site, IDF International Technologies, Inc., was advised by the FEC that their "activities are not expenditures, contributions, or electioneering communications under the [Federal Election Campaign Act, 52 U.S.C. §§ 30101-45] and [Federal Election Commission] regulations."

| [11][103][104][105][106][107][108]
polit.info  | polit.info  |  |  | [101]
rueconomics.ru  | rueconomics.ru  |  |  | [101]
Russian Federal News Agency (RIAFAN)  | riafan.ru  |  |  | [101]
SADC News  | sadcnews.org  |  |  | [101]

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[edit]

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Disinformation and misinformation

Core content

* Disinformation
* Misinformation
* Malinformation
* Propaganda
* Disinformation attack
* Disinformation research
* Publications about disinformation

Mechanisms

| Psychological|

* Cognitive bias
* List
* Denialism
* Manipulation
* Misinformation effect
* Political polarization
* Psychology of climate change denial

|

Computational|

* Algorithmic radicalization
* Content moderation
* Community notes
* Internet manipulation
* Social bot
* Social networking service
* List
* User-generated content

Economic|

* Fake news websites
* Surveillance capitalism
* Programmatic advertising

Media and Politics|

* Audience fragmentation
* Echo chamber (media)
* Fake news
* Media bias
* Media culture
* Media manipulation

Tactics

* Astroturfing
* Big Lie
* Circular reporting
* Clickbait
* Conspiracy theory
* List
* Culture war
* Deception
* Deepfake
* Disinformation playbook
* Dog whistle (politics)
* Doublespeak
* Doxxing
* Fake news
* Fake news website
* List of fake news websites
* List of satirical fake news websites
* False accusation
* False attribution
* False balance
* Fear, uncertainty, and doubt
* Firehose of falsehood
* Forgery as covert operation
* Gaslighting
* Greenwashing
* Historical negationism
* Information warfare
* Logic and reasoning
* Cherry picking
* False dilemma
* Gish gallop
* Half-truth
* Fallacy
* Formal fallacy
* Informal fallacy
* List of fallacies
* Quote mining
* Red herring
* Whataboutism
* Memetic warfare
* Pink-slime journalism
* Psychological warfare
* Propaganda
* Black propaganda
* Counterpropaganda
* State-sponsored Internet propaganda
* Perception management
* Rumors
* Spin (propaganda)
* Smear campaign
* Scientific fabrication
* Strategy of tension
* Yellow journalism

Related terms

* Alternative facts
* Factoid
* Hoax
* Infodemic
* Malinformation
* Post-truth politics
* Potemkin village
* Pseudoscience
* Tabloid journalism
* Truthiness

Targets and campaigns

| International Politics|

* Disinformation in the Russian invasion of Ukraine
* Misinformation in the Gaza war
* New World Order conspiracy theory
* Russian disinformation
* Genocide denial

|

Politics by country|

* List of disinformation attacks by country
* List of political disinformation website campaigns

Antisemitism|

* Holocaust denial
* International Jewish conspiracy

Environmental science|

* Climate change denial
* Fossil fuel industry
* ExxonMobil climate change denial
* Fossil fuels lobby
* Leaded gasoline
* Ethyl Corporation
* Robert A. Kehoe
* Clair Cameron Patterson
* Pesticide industry
* Rachel Carson
* Silent Spring
* Red mercury

Medicine and Public health|

* 5G misinformation
* Anti-vaccine activism
* Lancet MMR autism fraud
* Vaccines and autism
* Vaccine misinformation
* COVID-19 misinformation
* COVID-19 misinformation by governments
* COVID-19 vaccine misinformation and hesitancy
* Birth control misinformation
* Ebola misinformation
* GMO conspiracy theories
* HIV/AIDS denialism
* Mental illness denial
* Misinformation related to abortion
* Tobacco industry playbook
* Transgender health care misinformation
* Opposition to water fluoridation

Journalism and journalists|

* Safety of journalists
* Maria Ressa
* Daily Maverick
* Rappler
* The Quint

Countering disinformation

* Academic research
* Critical thinking
* Digital literacy
* Health literacy
* Information literacy
* Media literacy
* Science communication
* Scientific consensus
* Scientific literacy
* List of climate change video games
* Scientific skepticism
* Skepticism
* Truth sandwich
* Verificado 2018
* Watchdog journalism

Fact-checking and research

| Fact-checking|

* Websites
* List of fact-checking websites

* Non-profits and charities
* Africa Check
* FactCheck.org
* Full Fact
* PolitiFact
* USAFacts

* Private companies
* Logically (company)
* NewsGuard
* StopFake

* Other
* Bellingcat
* International Fact-Checking Network
* Media Bias/Fact Check
* Snopes
* Quackwatch
* Projeto Comprova

|

Research|

* Canada
* Citizen Lab

* EU
* East StratCom Task Force

* Finland
* Faktabaari

* New Zealand
* The Disinformation Project

* UK
* Counter disinformation unit

* Ukraine
* Center for Countering Disinformation

* USA
* Active Measures Working Group
* Counter Misinformation Team
* Disinformation Governance Board
* Countering Foreign Propaganda and Disinformation Act
* United States Information Agency

WikiProjects

* WikiCred
* Climate change
* COVID-19
* Medicine
* Skepticism
* Vaccine safety

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*[t]: Discuss this template
*[e]: Edit this template