List of fraudsters

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.

Criminal law
Elements

* Actus reus
* Mens rea
* Causation
* Concurrence

Scope of criminal liability

* Accessory
* Accomplice
* Complicity
* Corporate
* Mandated reporter
* Principal
* Use of force continuum
* Vicarious

Severity of offense

* Felony (or Indictable offense)
* Misdemeanor (or Summary offense)
* Infraction (also called violation)

Inchoate offenses

* Attempt
* Conspiracy
* Incitement
* Solicitation

Offense against the person

* Assassination
* Assault
* Battery
* Child abuse
* Concealment of a corpse
* Criminal negligence
* Domestic violence
* False imprisonment
* Frameup
* Harassment
* Street
* Home invasion
* Hate crime
* Homicide
* Human trafficking
* Intimidation
* Kidnapping
* Manslaughter (corporate)
* Mayhem
* Murder
* felony
* Homicide
* Negligent homicide
* Reckless homicide
* Robbery
* Stalking
* Stabbing
* Torture

Sexual offenses

* Adultery
* Bigamy
* Child sexual abuse
* Cybersex trafficking
* Fornication
* Homosexuality
* Groping
* Incest
* Indecent exposure
* Masturbation
* Obscenity
* Prostitution
* Rape
* Pederasty
* Sex trafficking
* Sexual assault
* Sexual harassment
* Sexual slavery
* Voyeurism

Crimes against property

* Arson
* Arms trafficking
* Blackmail
* Bribery
* Burglary
* Cybercrime
* Embezzlement
* Extortion
* False pretenses
* Forgery
* Fraud
* Gambling
* Intellectual property violation
* Larceny
* Looting
* Payola
* Pickpocketing
* Possessing stolen property
* Robbery
* Smuggling
* Parallel import
* Tax evasion
* Theft
* Trespass to land
* Vandalism
* Mischief

Crimes against justice

* Against public justice
* Justice delayed
* Compounding
* Contempt
* Malfeasance in office
* Miscarriage of justice
* Judicial misconduct
* Misprision
* Perjury
* Perverting the course of justice

Crimes against the public

* Apostasy
* Corruption
* Censorship violation
* Dueling
* Genocide
* Ethnic cleansing
* Hostage-taking
* Illegal immigration
* People smuggling
* Insider trading
* Smuggling
* Illegal consumption (such as drugs, alcohol, and smoking)
* Miscegenation
* Piracy
* Political corruption
* Regicide
* Terrorism
* Unreported employment
* Usurpation
* War crimes

Crimes against animals

* Cruelty to animals
* Poaching
* Wildlife smuggling
* Bestiality

Crimes against the state

* Lèse-majesté
* Treason
* Espionage
* Secession
* Sedition
* Subversion

Defenses to liability

* Actual innocence
* Automatism
* Consent
* Defense of property
* Diminished responsibility
* Duress
* Entrapment
* Ignorantia juris non excusat
* Infancy
* Insanity
* Intoxication
* Justification
* Might makes right
* Mistake (of law)
* Necessity
* Possession is nine-tenths of the law
* Provocation
* Sanctuary
* Self-defense
* Statute of limitations

Other common-law areas

* Contracts
* Defenses
* Evidence
* Property
* Torts
* Wills, trusts and estates

Portals

* Law

* v
* t
* e

The following is an alphabetical list of notable people known to have committed fraud.

## A

[edit]

* Alfredo Sáenz Abad, retired in 2013 as CEO and vice-chairman of the Spanish bank Santander Group; in lower executive position in early 1990s, lied about bank loans so that some customers of the bank went to prison, sentenced to prison years later but managed to get a pardon and kept his job[1]
* Frank Abagnale Jr., American impostor who wrote bad checks in 12 countries until arrested in 1969: falsely represented himself as a qualified member of professions such as airline pilot, doctor, attorney, and teacher; the film Catch Me If You Can is based on his life[2]
* Ramon Olorunwa Abbas, also known as Hushpuppi, Nigerian former Instagram influencer, fraudster and money launderer who operated from Dubai.[3][4]
* John Bodkin Adams, British doctor and suspected years-long serial killer, but only found guilty – in 1957 – of forging wills and prescriptions related to over 300 deceased patients[5]
* Eddie Antar, founder of Crazy Eddie; has criminal convictions on 17 counts and about $1 billion worth of civil judgments against him stemming from fraudulent accounting practices at that company[6][7]
* Ruben Oskar Auervaara, a notorious Finnish conman and thief. He became famous by cheating money from women he met through newspaper announcements, by pretending to intend to marry them. His surname has become a concept in the Finnish language, meaning a deceptive charming trickster.[8][9]
* Mehmet Aydın, Turkish entrepreneur; scammed 1.1 billion lira from 132 thousand people in a single year and went underground.[10][11] Searched by Interpol with red notice due to qualified fraud.[12][13][14]

## B

[edit]

* Sam Bankman-Fried, owner of the now-bankrupt cryptocurrency exchange FTX, was convicted of multiple counts of wire fraud and conspiracy. The fraud centered around the laundering of over $10 billion between FTX and Alameda Research, another company owned by Bankman-Fried.[15]
* Jordan Belfort swindled over $200 million via a penny stock boiler room operation. The Wolf of Wall Street is based on his life and fraudulent activity.[16]
* Horatio Bottomley, newspaper owner and Member of Parliament, convicted of fraudulent conversion.

## C

[edit]

* Melissa Caddick, Australian who ran a Ponzi scheme and thereby defrauded friends and close relatives.
* Cassie Chadwick, pretended to be Andrew Carnegie's illegitimate daughter to get loans
* Charlene Corley, who with her twin sister ran a company which used enormously inflated shipping costs to defraud the United States Department of Defense out of $21.5 million.

## D

[edit]

* Edward Davenport, self-styled as a "Lord";[17] from 2005 to 2009 was the "ringmaster" of a series of advance-fee fraud schemes for (non-existent) loans that defrauded dozens of individuals out of millions of pounds,[18] while costing his clients further hundreds of millions in losses when they signed development property commitments backed by their anticipated loans[19]
* Tino De Angelis, perpetrator of the 1963 Salad oil scandal, which ultimately caused over $180 million ($1.85 billion today) in losses to 51 corporations.[20]
* Marc Dreier, managing founder of law firm Dreir LLP, a $700 million Ponzi scheme from 2004 to 2008[21]
* Enric Durán, from 2006 to 2008, took out 68 commercial and personal loans from a total of 39 banks in Spain with no guarantees or property as collateral, then gave the €500,000 to various anti-capitalist movements[22]

## E

[edit]

* Bernard Ebbers, founder of WorldCom, which went bankrupt in 2002 having inflated its asset statements by about $11 billion ($19.2 billion today)[23]

## F

[edit]

* Ramón Báez Figueroa, banker from the Dominican Republic and former President of Banco Intercontinental (BANINTER), charged in 2003 and later sentenced to 10 years in prison for a U.S. $2.2 billion fraud case ($3.8 billion today). The BANINTER Crisis was overwhelming for the small Dominican economy, equivalent to two-thirds of its national budget.[24]
* Martin Frankel, American former financier, convicted in 2002 of insurance fraud worth $208 million, racketeering and money laundering[25]

## G

[edit]

* Anthony Gignac, a serial con man and fraudster who falsely took on the identity of Saudi prince Khalid bin Al Saud to entrap victims in investment scams and other schemes, currently serving an 18-year jail sentence[26]

## H

[edit]

* Shimon Hayut, international Ponzi schemer sentenced in Finland and Israel for fraud, wanted by Norway, Sweden, and the UK. His illegal activities were outlined in the Netflix movie "The Tinder Swindler" in 2022.
* Vladislav Horohorin, indicted in 2009 for fraud activities as a hacker and international credit card trafficker, sentenced in 2013[27]
* Elizabeth Holmes, convicted of 4 counts of felony fraud in January 2022 – three counts of wire fraud, and one of conspiracy to commit wire fraud for misleading investors on the biotech company Theranos, a diagnostics company claiming to be able to perform multianalyte clinical chemistry using unsound liquid-handling tech. Company results were manipulated, not transparent, and real patient samples were handled in error.[28][29]
* David Hu, IIG cofounder sentenced to 12 years in prison for running a Ponzi scheme[30]
* Hui Ka Yan, founder of the real estate group Evergrande responsible for a $78 billion revenue overstatement 2019-2020 leading to the Evergrande liquidity crisis

## I

[edit]

* Samuel Israel III, former hedge fund manager; ran the fraudulent American Bayou Hedge Fund Group; pled guilty in 2005 of defrauding investors out of $450 million ($720 million today)[31]

## K

[edit]

* Charles Keating, central figure of the Savings and loan crisis[32]
* Dennis Kozlowski, former CEO of Tyco International, convicted in 2005 of fraud and other crimes related to his receipt of $81 million in unauthorized bonuses, the purchase of art for $14.725 million and the payment by Tyco of a $20 million investment banking fee to a former Tyco director.[33]
* Sante Kimes and her son committed numerous frauds, violated anti-slavery laws, and committed murders
* Russel King, convicted fraudster known for his part in the doomed purchase of Notts County Football Club.[34] In 2019 he was there sentenced to six years imprisonment.[35] He was released in 2021.[36]
* Bashar Kiwan, Syrian-French convicted fraudster and mastermind of the Comoros passport sales scandal.[37][38][39][40][41]
* Konrad Kujau, German fraudster and forger responsible for the "Hitler Diaries"
* Rudy Kurniawan, Indonesian wine fraudster in America

## L

[edit]

* Kenneth Lay, American businessman who built energy company Enron; one of the highest paid CEOs in the U.S. until he was ousted as chairman and convicted of fraud (inflated profits of $600 million) and conspiracy, although, as a result of his death, his conviction was vacated[42]
* Nick Leeson, English trader whose unsupervised speculative trading caused the collapse of Barings Bank[43]
* James Paul Lewis, Jr., ran one of the biggest ($311 million) and longest running Ponzi schemes (20 years) in U.S. history[44]
* Victor Lustig, con artist known as "the man who sold the Eiffel Tower".

## M

[edit]

* Gregor MacGregor, Scottish con man; tried to attract investment and settlers for the non-existent country of Poyais
* Bernard Madoff, creator of a $65 billion Ponzi scheme, the largest investor fraud ever attributed to a single individual
* Matt the Knife, American con artist, card cheat and pickpocket; from age approximately 14 through 21, stole from dozens of casinos, corporations and at least one Mafia crime family.
* Billy McFarland organizer of the notorious Fyre Festival and other fraudulent activities in which he defrauded others of $27.4 million
* Gaston Means, professional con man during U.S. President Warren G. Harding's administration
* Harshad Mehta, committed fraud without bank receipts of ₹5 billion from State Bank of India and an individual scam of ₹14 billion using fake bank receipts. The Indian television series Scam 1992 is based on his life and fraudulent activity.
* Trevor Milton, founder and former CEO of Hydrogen Trucking company Nikola inc. Convicted of Fraud lying to investors to pump the companies stock price.
* Barry Minkow, founder of ZZZZ Best, a carpet-cleaning and restoration company, which was actually a front for a Ponzi scheme.
* Michael Monus, founder of Phar-Mor, which ultimately cost its investors more than $1 billion
* F. Bam Morrison, conned the town of Wetumka, Oklahoma by promoting a circus that never came
* Phillip Musica, engaged in tax fraud, bank fraud, and securities fraud in the McKesson and Robbins scandal of 1938

## P

[edit]

* Lou Pearlman, former boy-band manager and operator of a $300 million Ponzi scheme using two shell companies
* Frederick Emerson Peters, American impersonator who wrote bad checks
* Thomas Petters, American masquerading as a business man who turned out to be a con man; former CEO and chairman of Petters Group Worldwide;[45] resigned his position as CEO in 2008 amid mounting criminal investigations;[46] later convicted for turning Petters Group Worldwide into a $3.65 billion Ponzi scheme;[47] sentenced to 50 years in federal prison
* Charles Ponzi, Italian con artist who gave his name to the Ponzi scheme.
* Gert Postel, German mailman; worked as a psychiatrist in different hospitals[48]

## R

[edit]

* Alves Reis, ran the 1925 Portuguese Bank Note Crisis, forging Bank of Portugal documents giving him authority to hire a firm to print money – official banknotes worth 100 million Portuguese escudos (adjusted for inflation, it would be worth about US$150 million today)
* John Rigas, cable television entrepreneur, co-founder of Adelphia Communications Corporation and owner of the Buffalo Sabres hockey team; indicted in 2002 for defrauding the corporation by concealing $2.3 billion in liabilities from corporate investors and of using corporation funds as personal funds, sentenced to a 12-year term in federal prison[49]
* Christopher Rocancourt, a Rockefeller impersonator who defrauded Hollywood celebrities[50]
* Scott W. Rothstein, disbarred lawyer from Ft. Lauderdale, Florida; perpetrated a decades long Ponzi scheme, until caught in 2009, which defrauded investors of over $1 billion[51]

## S

[edit]

* Michael Sabo, best known as a check, stocks and bonds forger; became notorious from the 1960s through to the 1990s as a "Great Impostor" with over 100 aliases, earning millions but also receiving numerous prison terms[52]
* George Santos, American politician who fabricated his entire life story.
* Emil Savundra, Sri Lankan insurance swindler; the collapse of his Fire, Auto & Marine Insurance Company left 400,000 motorists in the UK without coverage.
* Jeffrey Skilling is an American former CEO of Enron Corporation, convicted of securities fraud (and other crimes) for his part in the 2001 Enron scandal, a $63.4 billion bankruptcy ($112.6 billion today).[53]
* John Spano, struggling businessman who faked massive success in an attempt to buy out the New York Islanders of the NHL in 1996;[54] ran an advance-fee for loans fraud after release from prison, sent to prison again, returned to fraud after serving that sentence, again sent to prison.[55]
* Allen Stanford, self-styled banker; sold fake certificates of deposit to over 30,000 investors in 100 countries, raking in up to $8 billion over 20 years[56]
* John Stonehouse, the last Postmaster General of the UK and MP; faked his death to marry his mistress
* Charles Stopford, assumed the identity of a deceased infant and claimed to be the Earl of Buckingham

## T

[edit]

* Kevin Trudeau, American writer and billiards promoter; convicted of fraud and larceny in 1991; known for a series of late-night infomercials and his series of books about "Natural Cures 'They' Don't Want You to Know About"[57]
* Donald Trump (1946): Real-estate purchaser and hospitality venue operator found by a State of New York Supreme Court justice to have provided fraudulent statements of financial condition that vastly overstated his wealth. Victims included the Government of the United States, which relied on the documents when awarding Trump a contract to convert and operate the Old Post Office (Washington, DC) as a hotel, and borrowers and insurers who relied on the documents to provide favorable rates for which he was not actually entitled. The court ordered Trump's ill-gotten gains disgorged and placed a roughly $354 million judgment, plus interest, against him and his two adult sons.[58]
* Trương Mỹ Lan, Vietnamese founder of Van Thinh Phat Group, a real estate development group which made fake loan applications to embezzle more than $12.5 billion from Sai Gon Joint Stock Commercial Bank, which she controlled through more than 2 dozen middlemen. Her arrest in October 2022 caused a bank run. Trial of the largest corruption scandal in Southeast Asia's history began in March 2024

## W

[edit]

* Samuel D. Waksal is the founder and former CEO of the biopharmaceutical company ImClone Systems. In October 2002, he pleaded guilty to charges of securities fraud, bank fraud, obstruction of justice, and perjury.[59]
* Ferdinand Ward, financial swindler in the late 1800s
* Dina Wein Reis pled guilty to conspiracy to commit wire fraud in May 2011, having duped corporations out of tens of millions of dollars.[60]
* Richard Whitney, stole from the New York Stock Exchange Gratuity Fund in the 1930s
* Whitaker Wright, company promoter, convicted of fraud.

## References

[edit]

1. ^ Mallet, Victor (2011-11-25). "Santander chief pardoned in 17-year-old case". Financial Times. Retrieved 2020-02-10.
2. ^ Staff writers (2019-10-28). "Frank Abagnale Biography (1948–)". Biography. Retrieved 2020-02-10.
3. ^ Faith Karimi (12 July 2020). "He flaunted private jets and luxury cars on Instagram. Feds used his posts to link him to alleged cyber crimes". CNN. Retrieved 2020-12-16.
4. ^ "Money laundering: US court to sentence Hushpuppi on Valentine's Day". Punch Newspapers. 2022-01-26. Retrieved 2022-03-03.
5. ^ Staff writers (2009-06-05). "Murder trial doctor's items sold". BBC News. Retrieved 2020-02-07.
6. ^ Pinder, Jeanne B. (1993-07-21). "Crazy Eddie Founder Guilty of Fraud". The New York Times. Retrieved 2020-02-07.
7. ^ "Founder of Crazy Eddie Gets 8 Years in Prison and Big Fine". The New York Times. Bloomberg News. 1997-02-11. Retrieved 2020-02-07.
8. ^ Timo Soukola: "Auervaara, Ruben Oskar (1906–1964)", Suomen kansallisbiografia, volume 1, pp 443–444. Helsinki: Finnish Literature Society, 2003. ISBN 951-746-442-8. (in Finnish)
9. ^ YLE: "Auervaara" napsii naisen toisensa perään (in Finnish)
10. ^ sabah, daily (2018-03-26). "Çiftlik Bank fraud bigger than first thought". Daily Sabah. Retrieved 2021-05-10.
11. ^ GÜRSES, Uğur (26 March 2018). "Çiftlik Bank çok konuşuldu ama tam bir 'Ponzi' tezgahı!". www.hurriyet.com.tr (in Turkish). Retrieved 2021-05-10.
12. ^ "Çiftlik Bank firarisi Mehmet Aydın INTERPOL listesinde". www.aa.com.tr. Retrieved 2021-05-10.
13. ^ "6 kişiye kırmızı bülten çıkarıldı". www.hurriyet.com.tr (in Turkish). 26 March 2018. Retrieved 2021-05-10.
14. ^ "Paraları nereye kaçırdıkları belli oldu!" [It is clear where they smuggled the money!]. www.hurriyet.com.tr (in Turkish). 2 January 2018. Retrieved 2021-05-10.
15. ^ Sigalos, MacKenzie (2 November 2023). "Sam Bankman-Fried found guilty on all seven criminal fraud counts". CNBC. Retrieved 4 November 2023.
16. ^ Haglund, David (2013-12-31). "How Accurate Is The Wolf of Wall Street?". Slate. Retrieved 2020-02-07.
17. ^ Staff writers (2011-10-05). "'Lord' Edward Davenport jailed for fraud". BBC News. Retrieved 2020-02-09.
18. ^ Bowers, Simon (2011-10-05). "Fast Eddie, friend to celebrities, swaps Portland Place mansion for prison cell". The Guardian. Retrieved 2020-02-09.
19. ^ Evans, Martin (2015-07-29). "Fraudster forced to sell off 'unique' London mansion to pay legal bills". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 2016-09-18.
20. ^ Malone, Noreen (2012-04-01). "Salad Oil Swindle!". New York. Archived from the original on 2012-04-05. Retrieved 2023-02-23.
21. ^ Kokenes, Chris (2009-03-19). "N.Y. lawyer arraigned in alleged $700M fraud". CNN Money. Retrieved 2020-02-07.
22. ^ Mucha, Martín (2008-10-12). "Robin Bank, héroe juvenil". El Mundo (in Spanish). Retrieved 2020-02-07.
23. ^ Bayot, Jennifer (2005-07-13). "Ebbers Sentenced to 25 Years in Prison for $11 Billion Fraud". The New York Times. Retrieved 2020-02-07.
24. ^ Business finance news - currency market news - online UK currency markets - financial news - Interactive Investor
25. ^ "17-Year Sentence Affirmed for Investor Who Looted Insurers". The New York Times. Associated Press. 2006-03-24. Retrieved 2020-02-08.
26. ^ "Fake Saudi prince Anthony Gignac jailed for $8m fraud". BBC News. BBC. BBC. 1 June 2019. Retrieved 6 August 2022.
27. ^ United States Department of Justice (2013-04-05). "International Credit Card Trafficker Sentenced to 88 Months in Prison". www.justice.gov. Retrieved 2020-02-09.
28. ^ O'Brien, Sarah Ashley (January 3, 2022). "Elizabeth Holmes found guilty on four out of 11 federal charges". CNN. Retrieved January 3, 2022.
29. ^ Allyn, Bobby (January 3, 2022). "Elizabeth Holmes verdict: Former Theranos CEO is found guilty on 4 counts". NPR. Retrieved January 3, 2022.
30. ^ "Former Managing Partner Of Manhattan Investment Advisory Firm Sentenced To 12 Years For Defrauding Investors In An Over $120 Million Ponzi-Like Scheme". www.justice.gov. 2022-04-11. Retrieved 2023-03-06.
31. ^ Weidlich, Thom; Glovin, David (2008-04-14). "Bayous Israel Gets 20-Year Term for Hedge Fund Fraud". Bloomberg News. Retrieved 2020-02-09.
32. ^ Mrozek, Thom (April 6, 1999). "Charles Keating pleads guilty to federal fraud charges; four criminal convictions resolve 10-year-old case" (Press release). United States Attorney for the Central District of California. Archived from the original on 1999-09-21.
33. ^ Associated Press, Kozlowski sentenced in Tyco trial. Denver Post, September 19, 2005. Retrieved October 7, 2016.
34. ^ "Fraud office looks at scamming of Sven-Goran Eriksson". BBC News. 2011-04-18.
35. ^ Maguire, Jack (24 April 2019). "Fraudster who fled to Bahrain after stealing £670K from Jersey company is finally jailed". www.jerseyeveningpost.com. Retrieved 2020-04-22.
36. ^ "The football scam that took Eriksson to North Korea". BBC Sport. Retrieved 2022-03-25.
37. ^ "Comoros Ex-president Sambi Jailed For Life For 'High Treason'". AFP News.
38. ^ Solomon, Daniel (2015-11-12). "No Country for Rich Men". The New Republic. ISSN 0028-6583. Retrieved 2021-03-26.
39. ^ Abrahamian, Atossa Araxia (2015-11-11). "The bizarre scheme to transform a remote island into the new Dubai | Atossa Araxia Abrahamian". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2021-03-15.
40. ^ Desk, GDN Online. "Kuwait: Three suspects arrested for helping convicted businessman flee the country". www.gdnonline.com. Retrieved 2021-03-25. `{{cite web}}`: `|last=` has generic name (help)
41. ^ "Trucker's jail term upheld for smuggling out wanted businessman". ARAB TIMES - KUWAIT NEWS. 2020-12-30. Retrieved 2021-03-25.
42. ^ Lozano, Juan A. (17 October 2006). "Judge vacates conviction of Ken Lay". CBS News. Associated Press. Archived from the original on May 24, 2009.
43. ^ Monthe, Paul (February 2007). "How Nick Leeson caused the collapse of Barings Bank". Next Finance. Retrieved 4 December 2018.
44. ^ "10 Largest Ponzi Scheme Proprietors of the 21st Century — Money Saving Tips for Debt Free Living". Archived from the original on December 2, 2013. Retrieved November 29, 2013.
45. ^ Nicole Muehlhausen, BIO: Tom Petters, KSTP.com, September 24, 2008. Retrieved October 8, 2008.
46. ^ [1] Archived February 10, 2009, at the Wayback Machine
47. ^ Hughes, Art (December 2, 2009). "UPDATE 2-Tom Petters found guilty of Ponzi scheme fraud". Reuters. Thomson Reuters. Retrieved December 10, 2009.
48. ^ "Aufgerollt: Die postel'schen Köpenickiaden im Visier der Öffentlichkeit" (PDF) (in German). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-24.
49. ^ "Judge: Free cancer-stricken Adelphia CEO John Rigas, convicted of fraud". Olean Times Herald. February 19, 2016. Retrieved February 19, 2016.
50. ^ Bryan Burrough (October 3, 2007). "The Counterfeit Rockefeller". Vanity Fair. Retrieved March 29, 2017.
51. ^ Maglich, Jordan (2014-08-31). "On Fifth Anniversary Of Rothstein's $1.2 Billion Ponzi Scheme, Questions Remain". Forbes. Retrieved 2020-02-08.
52. ^ Demare, Carol (2010-11-25). "Now he wants to fight crime". Times Union. Retrieved 2020-02-08.
53. ^ Barrionuevo, Alexei (2006-05-25). "Enron Chiefs Guilty of Fraud and Conspiracy". The New York Times. Retrieved 2020-02-08.
54. ^ Mullen, Holly (1997-07-31). "Meltdown man". Dallas Observer. Retrieved 2020-02-08.
55. ^ Gillispie, Mark (2015-05-18). "Man who scammed NHL pleads guilty to forgery charges in Ohio". Yahoo Sports. Associated Press. Retrieved 2020-02-08.
56. ^ Boutet, Chris (2012-03-06). "Allen Stanford found guilty in $7bn Ponzi scheme". BBC News. Retrieved 2020-02-08.
57. ^ Meisner, Jason (2014-03-07). "Kevin Trudeau sentenced to 10 years in prison". Chicago Tribune. Archived from the original on March 19, 2014. Retrieved 2020-02-07.
58. ^ "Donald Trump must pay $354m in fraud damages. How could he do it?". BBC News. 2024-02-16. Retrieved 22 March 2024.
59. ^ Stewart, James (2011). Tangled Webs: How False Statements are Undermining America: From Martha Stewart to Bernie Madoff. New York City: Penguin Press. ISBN 9781594202698.
60. ^ Post Staff Report (2011-05-19). "NY socialite Dina Wein Reis pleads guilty to fraud charges". New York Post. Retrieved 2020-02-07.

## Further reading

[edit]

* Scandals! Sex! Violence! Moral Outrage! Oh, How the Mighty Keep Falling (PDF) (Report). New York. April 9, 2012. Retrieved 2023-02-23.

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