List of governors of Iowa

Governor of Iowa

State seal

Incumbent
Kim Reynolds

since May 24, 2017

Government of Iowa
Style| The Honorable
Residence| Terrace Hill
Term length| Four years, no term limits
Precursor| Governor of Iowa Territory
Inaugural holder| Ansel Briggs
Formation| December 3, 1846
(178 years ago) (1846-12-03)
Succession| Line of succession
Deputy| Lieutenant Governor of Iowa
Salary| $130,000 (2022)[1]
Website| governor.iowa.gov

The governor of Iowa is the head of government of the U.S. state of Iowa. The governor is the head of the executive branch of the state government[2] and is charged with enforcing state laws.[3] The officeholder has the power to either approve or veto bills passed by the Iowa General Assembly,[4] to convene the legislature,[5] as well as to grant pardons, except in cases of treason and impeachment.[6] The governor of Iowa is also the commander-in-chief of the state's military forces.[7] The governor has the ability to sign executive orders, these have range from topics including the establishment of councils, committees and task forces, and appropriation reductions to prevent a state budget deficit. [1]

There have been 41 individuals who held the position of Iowa governor, with two of those serving multiple distinct terms, Samuel J. Kirkwood and Terry Branstad. The current governor, Kim Reynolds, is the first woman to hold the position and was sworn in on May 24, 2017. The longest-serving is Terry Branstad, who served from 1983 to 1999 and then again from 2011 to 2017. He is the longest-serving governor in U.S. history, surpassing the previous record of 21 years set by George Clinton of New York. The shortest-serving was Robert D. Fulton, who served 16 days.

## List of governors

[edit]

### Territory of Iowa

[edit]

Iowa Territory was formed on July 4, 1838, from Wisconsin Territory. It had four governors appointed by the president of the United States, though the first resigned days after he was confirmed by the Senate and before ever reaching the territory.

Governors of Iowa Territory  No. | Governor  | Term in office[a] | Appointed by

|
|
|

1  |  | Henry Atkinson
(1782–1842) | June 13, 1838

July 7, 1838
(resigned before taking office)[b] | Martin Van Buren
2  |  | Robert Lucas[c]
(1781–1853)
[10] | July 7, 1838[d]

June 17, 1841
(successor appointed)[e] | Martin Van Buren
3  |  | John Chambers
(1780–1852)
[15] | March 25, 1841[f]

November 18, 1845
(successor appointed) | William Henry Harrison
4  |  | James Clarke
(1812–1850)
[20] | November 8, 1845[g]

December 3, 1846
(statehood) | James K. Polk

### State of Iowa

[edit]

The southeast portion of Iowa Territory was admitted to the Union as the State of Iowa on December 28, 1846. The first Constitution of Iowa, adopted in 1846, created the office of governor with a four-year term,[24] with no specific start date. The 1857 constitution reduced this term to two years,[25] but an amendment in 1972 increased this back to four years.[26] The 1857 constitution also set the start of the term to the second Monday in the January following the election,[27] which was moved one day later by a 1988 amendment.[28]

The office of lieutenant governor was created in the 1857 constitution, elected for the same term as the governor.[29] An amendment in 1988 specified that the lieutenant governor would be elected on the same ticket as the governor.[30] If the office becomes vacant, it devolves upon the lieutenant governor for the remainder of the term or vacancy.[31] Prior to 1857, if the office became vacant, the Secretary of State of Iowa would act as governor.[32] There is no term limit on the number of terms a governor may serve.

Governors of the State of Iowa  No.[h] | Governor  | Term in office  | Party  | Election  | Lt. Governor[i][j]

|
|
|
|
|

1  |  |   | Ansel Briggs
(1806–1881)
[34][35] | December 3, 1846[36]

December 4, 1850
(did not run) | Democratic[37] | 1846 | Office did not exist
2  |  | Stephen P. Hempstead
(1812–1883)
[38][39] | December 4, 1850[40]

December 9, 1854
(did not run) | Democratic[37] | 1850
3  |  |  | James W. Grimes
(1816–1872)
[41][42] | December 9, 1854[43]

January 14, 1858
(did not run) | Whig[44] | 1854[k]
4  |  |  | Ralph P. Lowe
(1805–1883)
[45][46] | January 14, 1858[47]

January 11, 1860
(did not run)[l] | Republican[44] | 1857[m] |   | Oran Faville
5  |  | Samuel J. Kirkwood
(1813–1894)
[48][49] | January 11, 1860[50]

January 14, 1864
(did not run)[48] | Republican[51] | 1859 | Nicholas J. Rusch
1861 | John R. Needham
6  |  | William M. Stone
(1827–1893)
[52][53] | January 14, 1864[54]

January 16, 1868
(did not run) | Republican[51] | 1863 | Enoch W. Eastman
1865 | Benjamin F. Gue
7  |  | Samuel Merrill
(1822–1899)
[55][56] | January 16, 1868[57]

January 11, 1872
(did not run) | Republican[51] | 1867 | John Scott
1869 | Madison Miner Walden
(resigned 1871)[n]
Vacant
| Henry C. Bulis
(appointed September 13, 1871)
8  |  | Cyrus C. Carpenter
(1829–1898)
[59][60] | January 11, 1872[61]

January 13, 1876
(did not run) | Republican[51] | 1871
1873 | Joseph Dysart
9  |  | Samuel J. Kirkwood
(1813–1894)
[48][49] | January 13, 1876[62]

February 1, 1877
(resigned)[o] | Republican[51] | 1875 | Joshua G. Newbold
10  |  | Joshua G. Newbold
(1830–1903)
[63][64] | February 1, 1877[65]

January 17, 1878
(did not run) | Republican[51] | Succeeded from
lieutenant
governor | Vacant
11  |  | John H. Gear
(1825–1900)
[66][67] | January 17, 1878[68]

January 12, 1882
(did not run) | Republican[51] | 1877 |  | Frank T. Campbell
1879
12  |  | Buren R. Sherman
(1836–1904)
[69][70] | January 12, 1882[71]

January 14, 1886
(did not run) | Republican[51] | 1881 | Orlando H. Manning
1883
13  |  | William Larrabee
(1832–1912)
[72][73] | January 14, 1886[74]

February 27, 1890[p]
(did not run) | Republican[51] | 1885 | John A. T. Hull
1887
14  |  |  | Horace Boies
(1827–1923)
[75][76] | February 27, 1890[p]

January 11, 1894
(lost election) | Democratic[51] | 1889 | Alfred N. Poyneer[q]
1891 |  | Samuel L. Bestow
15  |  |  | Frank D. Jackson
(1854–1938)
[78][79] | January 11, 1894[80]

January 16, 1896
(did not run)[78] | Republican[51] | 1893 |  | Warren S. Dungan
16  |  | Francis M. Drake
(1830–1903)
[81][82] | January 16, 1896[83]

January 13, 1898
(did not run)[81] | Republican[51] | 1895 | Matt Parrott
17  |  | L. M. Shaw
(1848–1932)
[84][85] | January 13, 1898[86]

January 16, 1902
(did not run) | Republican[51] | 1897 | James C. Milliman
1899
18  |  | Albert B. Cummins
(1850–1926)
[87][88] | January 16, 1902[89]

November 24, 1908
(resigned)[r] | Republican[51] | 1901 | John Herriott
1903[s]
1906 | Warren Garst
19  |  | Warren Garst
(1850–1924)
[90] | November 24, 1908[91]

January 14, 1909
(successor took office) | Republican[51] | Succeeded from
lieutenant
governor | Vacant
20  |  | Beryl F. Carroll
(1860–1939)
[92][93] | January 14, 1909[94]

January 16, 1913
(did not run) | Republican[51] | 1908 |  | George W. Clarke
1910
21  |  | George W. Clarke
(1852–1936)
[95][96] | January 16, 1913[97]

January 11, 1917
(did not run) | Republican[51] | 1912 | William L. Harding
1914
22  |  | William L. Harding
(1877–1934)
[98][99] | January 11, 1917[100]

January 13, 1921
(did not run) | Republican[51] | 1916 | Ernest Robert Moore
1918
23  |  | Nathan E. Kendall
(1868–1936)
[101][102] | January 13, 1921[103]

January 15, 1925
(did not run)[101] | Republican[51] | 1920 | John Hammill
1922
24  |  | John Hammill
(1875–1936)
[104][105] | January 15, 1925[106]

January 15, 1931
(did not run)[t] | Republican[51] | 1924 | Clem F. Kimball
(died September 10, 1928)
1926
Vacant
| Arch W. McFarlane
(appointed November 15, 1928)
1928
25  |  | Dan W. Turner
(1877–1969)
[107][108] | January 15, 1931[109]

January 12, 1933
(lost election) | Republican[51] | 1930
26  |  |  | Clyde L. Herring
(1879–1945)
[110][111] | January 12, 1933[112]

January 14, 1937
(did not run)[u] | Democratic[51] | 1932 |  | Nelson G. Kraschel
1934
27  |  | Nelson G. Kraschel
(1889–1957)
[113][114] | January 14, 1937[115]

January 12, 1939
(lost election) | Democratic[51] | 1936 | John K. Valentine
28  |  |  | George A. Wilson
(1884–1953)
[116][117] | January 12, 1939[118]

January 14, 1943
(did not run)[v] | Republican[51] | 1938 |  | Bourke B. Hickenlooper
1940
29  |  | Bourke B. Hickenlooper
(1896–1971)
[119][120] | January 14, 1943[121]

January 11, 1945
(did not run)[w] | Republican[51] | 1942 | Robert D. Blue
30  |  | Robert D. Blue
(1898–1989)
[122][123] | January 11, 1945[124]

January 13, 1949
(lost nomination)[125] | Republican[51] | 1944 | Kenneth A. Evans
1946
31  |  | William S. Beardsley
(1901–1954)
[126][127] | January 13, 1949[128]

November 21, 1954
(died in office) | Republican[51] | 1948
1950 | William H. Nicholas
1952 | Leo Elthon
32  |  | Leo Elthon
(1898–1967)
[129][130] | November 21, 1954[131]

January 13, 1955
(successor took office) | Republican[51] | Succeeded from
lieutenant
governor | Vacant
33  |  | Leo Hoegh
(1908–2000)
[132][133] | January 13, 1955[134]

January 17, 1957
(lost election) | Republican[51] | 1954 |  | Leo Elthon
34  |  |  | Herschel C. Loveless
(1911–1989)
[135][136] | January 17, 1957[137]

January 12, 1961
(did not run) | Democratic[51] | 1956 | William H. Nicholas[q]
1958 |  | Edward Joseph McManus
35  |  |  | Norman A. Erbe
(1919–2000)
[138][139] | January 12, 1961[140]

January 17, 1963
(lost election) | Republican[51] | 1960 | W. L. Mooty[x]
36  |  |  | Harold Hughes
(1922–1996)
[141][142] | January 17, 1963[143]

January 1, 1969
(resigned)[y] | Democratic[51] | 1962
1964 | Robert D. Fulton
1966
37  |  | Robert D. Fulton
(1929–2024)
[144][145] | January 1, 1969[146]

January 16, 1969
(successor took office) | Democratic[51] | Succeeded from
lieutenant
governor | Vacant
38  |  |  | Robert D. Ray
(1928–2018)
[147][148] | January 16, 1969[149]

January 14, 1983
(did not run) | Republican[51] | 1968 |  | Roger Jepsen
1970
1972 | Arthur Neu
1974[z]
1978 | Terry Branstad
39  |  | Terry Branstad
(b. 1946)
[150] | January 14, 1983[151]

January 15, 1999
(did not run) | Republican[150] | 1982 |  | Robert T. Anderson[x]
1986 | Jo Ann Zimmerman[x]
1990 |  | Joy Corning
1994
40  |  |  | Tom Vilsack
(b. 1950)
[152] | January 15, 1999[153]

January 12, 2007
(did not run) | Democratic[152] | 1998 |  | Sally Pederson
2002
41  |  | Chet Culver
(b. 1966)
[154] | January 12, 2007[155]

January 14, 2011
(lost election) | Democratic[154] | 2006 | Patty Judge
42  |  |  | Terry Branstad
(b. 1946)
[150] | January 14, 2011[156]

May 24, 2017
(resigned)[aa] | Republican[150] | 2010 |  | Kim Reynolds
2014
43  |  | Kim Reynolds
(b. 1959)
[158] | May 24, 2017[159]

Incumbent[ab] | Republican[158] | Succeeded from
lieutenant
governor | Vacant
| Adam Gregg
(appointed May 25, 2017)
(resigned September 3, 2024)
2018
2022
Vacant
| Chris Cournoyer
(appointed December 16, 2024)

## Timeline

[edit]

Timeline of Iowa governors

## See also

[edit]

* Gubernatorial lines of succession in the United States#Iowa

## Notes

[edit]

1. ^ The range given is from the date the governor was confirmed by the Senate, or appointed by the President during a Senate recess, to the date the governor left office.
2. ^ Atkinson was nominated on June 12, 1838,[8] and confirmed by the Senate on June 13.[9] However, he declined the post;[10] no source gives a date for when this happened, so his term is marked as having ended when his successor was confirmed.
3. ^ Lucas did not arrive for six weeks after the territory had been created; in the interim, territorial secretary William B. Conway acted as governor.[11]
4. ^ Lucas was nominated,[12] and confirmed by the Senate,[13] on July 7, 1838. He took office on August 15.[10]
5. ^ Lucas was out of the capital when Chambers arrived, and did not formally resign his commission until June 17, per a letter written to U.S. Secretary of State Daniel Webster.[14]
6. ^ Chambers was appointed on March 25, 1841,[15] during a Senate recess; nominated on June 17;[16] and confirmed by the Senate on July 15.[17] He took office on May 13.[15] He was reappointed on July 2, 1844, during a Senate recess,[18] and reconfirmed by the Senate on December 23.[19]
7. ^ Clarke was appointed during a Senate recess; McMullin says it was on November 8, 1845,[20] but some sources say November 18.[21] He was formally nominated on December 23, 1845,[22] and confirmed by the Senate on February 3, 1846.[23]
8. ^ There is no official numbering, and different governors have interpreted it differently, depending on if they give a new number when a governor has multiple distinct terms in office.[33] This article includes numbering for every distinct term in office.
9. ^ The office of lieutenant governor was created in 1857.[29]
10. ^ Lieutenant governors represented the same party as their governor unless noted.
11. ^ The election schedule changed with this term, switching to odd-numbered years and shortening the term by nearly a year.
12. ^ Lowe was instead elected to the Iowa Supreme Court.[45]
13. ^ First term under the 1857 constitution, which shortened terms to two years.[25]
14. ^ No source appears to know which date Walden resigned, just that it was after being elected to the United States House of Representatives for a term beginning March 4.[58]
15. ^ Kirkwood resigned, having been elected to the United States Senate.[49]
16. ^ a b Boies' inauguration was delayed for six weeks;[77] the legislature was deadlocked in organizaing itself, so Larrabee remained in office until Boies was certified.[51]
17. ^ a b Represented the Republican Party
18. ^ Cummins resigned, having been elected to the United States Senate.[88]
19. ^ The election schedule changed with this term, switching to odd-numbered years and lengthening the term by nearly a year.
20. ^ Hamill instead ran unsuccessfully for the Republican nomination for the United States Senate.[104]
21. ^ Herring was instead elected to the United States Senate.[110]
22. ^ Wilson was instead elected to the United States Senate.[116]
23. ^ Hickenlooper was instead elected to the United States Senate.[119]
24. ^ a b c Represented the Democratic Party
25. ^ Hughes resigned, having been elected to the United States Senate.[142]
26. ^ First term under a 1972 constitutional amendment which lengthened terms to four years.[26]
27. ^ Branstad resigned, having been confirmed as United States Ambassador to China.[157]
28. ^ Reynold's second full term began on January 13, 2023,[160] and will expire on January 15, 2027; she is not running for re-election.[161]

## References

[edit]

* Iowa portal

General

* "Former Iowa Governors". National Governors Association. Retrieved July 2, 2019.
* Sobel, Robert (1978). Biographical directory of the governors of the United States, 1789-1978, Vol. II. Meckler Books. ISBN 9780930466008. Retrieved February 27, 2023.
* McMullin, Thomas A. (1984). Biographical directory of American territorial governors. Westport, CT : Meckler. ISBN 978-0-930466-11-4. Retrieved January 19, 2023.
* Dubin, Michael J. (2003). United States Gubernatorial Elections, 1776-1860: The Official Results by State and County. McFarland. ISBN 978-0-7864-1439-0.
* Dubin, Michael J. (2014). United States Gubernatorial Elections, 1861-1911: The Official Results by State and County. McFarland. ISBN 978-0-7864-5646-8.
* Kallenbach, Joseph Ernest (1977). American State Governors, 1776-1976. Oceana Publications. ISBN 978-0-379-00665-0. Retrieved September 23, 2023.
* Glashan, Roy R. (1979). American Governors and Gubernatorial Elections, 1775-1978. Meckler Books. ISBN 978-0-930466-17-6.
* "Our Campaigns - Governor of Iowa - History". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved July 25, 2023.

Constitutions

* "Constitution of the State of Iowa". Iowa General Assembly. 1857. Archived from the original on July 3, 2011. Retrieved November 8, 2014.
* "Amendments to the Constitution of Iowa". Iowa General Assembly. 1998. Retrieved November 8, 2014.
* "Constitution of the State of Iowa". Iowa General Assembly. 1846. Retrieved November 8, 2014.

Specific

1. ^ "Selected State Administrative Officials: Annual Salaries". The Council of State Governments. Retrieved August 7, 2024.
2. ^ IA Const. art. IV, § 1.
3. ^ IA Const. art. IV, § 9.
4. ^ IA Const. art III, § 16
5. ^ IA Const. art. IV, § 11.
6. ^ IA Const., art. IV, § 16.
7. ^ IA Const. art. IV, § 7.
8. ^ U.S. Congress. Senate Exec. Journal. 25th Cong., 2nd sess., 131, accessed February 26, 2023.
9. ^ U.S. Congress. Senate Exec. Journal. 25th Cong., 2nd sess., 133, accessed February 26, 2023.
10. ^ a b c McMullin 1984, pp. 155–157.
11. ^ Shambaugh, Benjamin F., ed. (1903). The Messages and Proclamations of the Governors of Iowa. Vol. 1\. Iowa City, Iowa: State Historical Society of Iowa. p. 208.
12. ^ U.S. Congress. Senate Exec. Journal. 25th Cong., 2nd sess., 145, accessed February 26, 2023.
13. ^ U.S. Congress. Senate Exec. Journal. 25th Cong., 2nd sess., 153, accessed February 26, 2023.
14. ^ Executive Journal of Iowa 1838–1841, Governor Robert Lucas. State Historical Society of Iowa. 1906. pp. 277–279.
15. ^ a b c McMullin 1984, pp. 157–158.
16. ^ U.S. Congress. Senate Exec. Journal. 27th Cong., 1st sess., 386, accessed February 26, 2023.
17. ^ U.S. Congress. Senate Exec. Journal. 27th Cong., 1st sess., 406, accessed February 26, 2023.
18. ^ The Territorial Papers of the United States: Volume I: General. United States Government Publishing Office. 1934. p. 13.
19. ^ U.S. Congress. Senate Exec. Journal. 28th Cong., 2nd sess., 364, accessed February 28, 2023.
20. ^ a b McMullin 1984, pp. 158–160.
21. ^ Gue, Benjamin F. (1903). Iowa biography. Century History Company. p. 52.
22. ^ U.S. Congress. Senate Exec. Journal. 29th Cong., 1st sess., 10, accessed February 26, 2023.
23. ^ U.S. Congress. Senate Exec. Journal. 29th Cong., 1st sess., 41, accessed February 26, 2023.
24. ^ 1846 Const. article V, § 2
25. ^ a b IA Const. art. IV, § 2
26. ^ a b IA Const. amendment 32
27. ^ IA Const. art. IV, § 15
28. ^ IA Const. amendment 42
29. ^ a b IA Const. art. IV, § 3
30. ^ IA Const. amendment 41
31. ^ IA Const. art. IV, § 17
32. ^ 1846 Const. art V, § 18
33. ^ Hennigan, Gregg (November 5, 2010). "No 41st Governor for Iowa?". The Gazette (Cedar Rapids). Retrieved November 8, 2014.
34. ^ Sobel 1978, p. 429.
35. ^ "Ansel Briggs". National Governors Association. January 13, 1983. Retrieved February 27, 2023.
36. ^ Iowa General Assembly. Journal of the House of Representatives. 1846 sess., 33, accessed August 20, 2023
37. ^ a b Dubin 2003, p. 65.
38. ^ Sobel 1978, pp. 429–430.
39. ^ "Stephen Hempstead". National Governors Association. January 13, 1983. Retrieved February 27, 2023.
40. ^ Iowa General Assembly. Journal of the House of Representatives. 1850 sess., 35, accessed August 20, 2023
41. ^ Sobel 1978, pp. 430–431.
42. ^ "James Wilson Grimes". National Governors Association. January 13, 1983. Retrieved February 27, 2023.
43. ^ Iowa General Assembly. Journal of the House of Representatives. 1854 sess., 42, accessed August 20, 2023
44. ^ a b Dubin 2003, p. 66.
45. ^ a b Sobel 1978, p. 431.
46. ^ "Ralph Phillips Lowe". National Governors Association. January 13, 1983. Retrieved February 27, 2023.
47. ^ Iowa General Assembly. Journal of the House of Representatives. 1858 sess., 47, accessed August 20, 2023
48. ^ a b c Sobel 1978, pp. 432–433.
49. ^ a b c "Samuel Jordan Kirkwood". National Governors Association. January 13, 1983. Retrieved February 27, 2023.
50. ^ Iowa General Assembly. Journal of the House of Representatives. 1860 sess., 51, accessed August 20, 2023
51. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai Kallenbach 1977, pp. 181–182.
52. ^ Sobel 1978, p. 433.
53. ^ "William Milo Stone". National Governors Association. January 13, 1983. Retrieved February 27, 2023.
54. ^ Iowa General Assembly. Journal of the House of Representatives. 1864 sess., 42, accessed August 20, 2023
55. ^ Sobel 1978, p. 434.
56. ^ "Samuel Merrill". National Governors Association. January 13, 1983. Retrieved February 27, 2023.
57. ^ Iowa General Assembly. Journal of the House of Representatives. 1868 sess., 46, accessed August 20, 2023
58. ^ United States Congress. "Walden, Madison Miner (id: W000034)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
59. ^ Sobel 1978, pp. 434–435.
60. ^ "Cyrus Clay Carpenter". National Governors Association. January 13, 1983. Retrieved February 27, 2023.
61. ^ Iowa General Assembly. Journal of the House of Representatives. 1872 sess., 54, accessed August 20, 2023
62. ^ Iowa General Assembly. Journal of the House of Representatives. 1876 sess., 25, accessed August 20, 2023
63. ^ Sobel 1978, pp. 435–436.
64. ^ "Joshua G. Newbold". National Governors Association. January 13, 1983. Retrieved February 27, 2023.
65. ^ "none". The Courier. February 7, 1877. p. 4. Retrieved August 20, 2023. "Last Thursday, at half past ten a.m., Lieut. Governor Newbold became full fledged Governor of Iowa by taking the oath as prescribed by the Constitution."
66. ^ Sobel 1978, pp. 436–437.
67. ^ "John Henry Gear". National Governors Association. January 13, 1983. Retrieved February 27, 2023.
68. ^ Iowa General Assembly. Journal of the House of Representatives. 1878 sess., 24, accessed August 20, 2023
69. ^ Sobel 1978, pp. 437–438.
70. ^ "Buren Robinson Sherman". National Governors Association. January 13, 1983. Retrieved February 27, 2023.
71. ^ Iowa General Assembly. Journal of the House of Representatives. 1882 sess., 20, accessed August 20, 2023
72. ^ Sobel 1978, pp. 438–439.
73. ^ "William Larrabee". National Governors Association. January 13, 1983. Retrieved February 27, 2023.
74. ^ Iowa General Assembly. Journal of the House of Representatives. 1886 sess., 33, accessed August 20, 2023
75. ^ Sobel 1978, pp. 439–440.
76. ^ "Horace Boies". National Governors Association. January 13, 1983. Retrieved February 27, 2023.
77. ^ "A Democratic Ruler". Sioux City Journal. February 28, 1890. p. 1. Retrieved February 27, 2023.
78. ^ a b Sobel 1978, p. 440.
79. ^ "Frank Darr Jackson". National Governors Association. January 13, 1983. Retrieved February 27, 2023.
80. ^ Iowa General Assembly. Journal of the House of Representatives. 1894 sess., 29, accessed August 20, 2023
81. ^ a b Sobel 1978, pp. 440–441.
82. ^ "Francis Marion Drake". National Governors Association. January 13, 1983. Retrieved February 27, 2023.
83. ^ Iowa General Assembly. Journal of the House of Representatives. 1896 sess., 33, accessed August 20, 2023
84. ^ Sobel 1978, pp. 441–442.
85. ^ "Leslie Mortier Shaw". National Governors Association. January 13, 1983. Retrieved February 27, 2023.
86. ^ Iowa General Assembly. Journal of the House of Representatives. 1898 sess., 102, accessed August 20, 2023
87. ^ Sobel 1978, pp. 442–443.
88. ^ a b "Albert Baird Cummins". National Governors Association. January 13, 1983. Retrieved February 27, 2023.
89. ^ Iowa General Assembly. Journal of the House of Representatives. 1902 sess., 53, accessed August 20, 2023
90. ^ "Warren Garst". National Governors Association. January 13, 1983. Retrieved February 27, 2023.
91. ^ "Garst Takes Oath As Iowa Governor". The Des Moines Register. November 25, 1908. p. 2. Retrieved August 20, 2023.
92. ^ Sobel 1978, p. 443.
93. ^ "Beryl Franklin Carroll". National Governors Association. January 13, 1983. Retrieved February 27, 2023.
94. ^ Iowa General Assembly. Journal of the Senate. 1909 sess., 49, accessed August 20, 2023
95. ^ Sobel 1978, pp. 443–444.
96. ^ "George Washington Clarke". National Governors Association. January 13, 1983. Retrieved February 27, 2023.
97. ^ "New Regime Takes Hold at Capital". The Des Moines Register. January 17, 1913. p. 1. Retrieved August 20, 2023.
98. ^ Sobel 1978, p. 444.
99. ^ "William Lloyd Harding". National Governors Association. January 13, 1983. Retrieved February 27, 2023.
100. ^ Iowa General Assembly. Journal of the House of Representatives. 1917 sess., 117, accessed August 20, 2023
101. ^ a b Sobel 1978, p. 445.
102. ^ "Nathan Edward Kendall". National Governors Association. January 13, 1983. Retrieved February 27, 2023.
103. ^ "Kendall Takes Oath of Office". Quad-City Times. January 13, 1921. p. 1. Retrieved August 20, 2023.
104. ^ a b Sobel 1978, pp. 445–446.
105. ^ "John Hammill". National Governors Association. January 13, 1983. Retrieved February 27, 2023.
106. ^ Iowa General Assembly. Journal of the House of Representatives. 1925 sess., 71, accessed August 20, 2023
107. ^ Sobel 1978, p. 446.
108. ^ "Daniel Webster Turner". National Governors Association. January 13, 1983. Retrieved February 27, 2023.
109. ^ Iowa General Assembly. Journal of the House of Representatives. 1931 sess., 93, accessed August 20, 2023
110. ^ a b Sobel 1978, pp. 446–447.
111. ^ "Clyde Laverne Herring". National Governors Association. January 13, 1983. Retrieved February 27, 2023.
112. ^ "Herring Takes Oath As 26th Governor of State". Iowa City Press-Citizen. Associated Press. January 12, 1933. p. 1. Retrieved August 20, 2023.
113. ^ Sobel 1978, pp. 447–448.
114. ^ "Nelson George Kraschel". National Governors Association. January 13, 1983. Retrieved February 27, 2023.
115. ^ "Government Changes Urged". Sioux City Journal. Associated Press. January 15, 1937. p. 4. Retrieved August 20, 2023.
116. ^ a b Sobel 1978, p. 448.
117. ^ "George Allison Wilson". National Governors Association. January 13, 1983. Retrieved February 27, 2023.
118. ^ Iowa General Assembly. Journal of the Senate. 1939 sess., 55, accessed August 20, 2023
119. ^ a b Sobel 1978, pp. 448–449.
120. ^ "Bourke Blakemore Hickenlooper". National Governors Association. January 13, 1983. Retrieved February 27, 2023.
121. ^ Iowa General Assembly. Journal of the Senate. 1943 sess., 48, accessed August 20, 2023
122. ^ Sobel 1978, pp. 449–450.
123. ^ "Robert Donald Blue". National Governors Association. January 13, 1983. Retrieved February 27, 2023.
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125. ^ Cite error: The named reference `Iowa` was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
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128. ^ Mills, George (January 14, 1949). "Both Parties Laud Speech of Beardsley". The Des Moines Register. p. 1. Retrieved August 21, 2023.
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132. ^ Sobel 1978, p. 451.
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134. ^ Iowa General Assembly. Journal of the House of Representatives. 1955 sess., 52, accessed August 20, 2023
135. ^ Sobel 1978, p. 452.
136. ^ "Herschel C. Loveless". National Governors Association. January 13, 1983. Retrieved February 27, 2023.
137. ^ Iowa General Assembly. Journal of the House of Representatives. 1957 sess., 57, accessed August 20, 2023
138. ^ Sobel 1978, pp. 452–453.
139. ^ "Norman Arthur Erbe". National Governors Association. January 13, 1983. Retrieved February 27, 2023.
140. ^ Iowa General Assembly. Journal of the Senate. 1961 sess., 48, accessed August 20, 2023
141. ^ Sobel 1978, p. 453.
142. ^ a b "Harold Everett Hughes". National Governors Association. January 13, 1983. Retrieved February 27, 2023.
143. ^ Iowa General Assembly. Journal of the Senate. 1963 sess., 46, accessed August 20, 2023
144. ^ Sobel 1978, p. 454.
145. ^ "Robert David Fulton". National Governors Association. January 13, 1983. Retrieved February 27, 2023.
146. ^ Mabry, Drake (January 2, 1969). "Governor's Oath to Fulton". Des Moines Tribune. p. 1. Retrieved August 21, 2023.
147. ^ Sobel 1978, pp. 454–455.
148. ^ "Robert D. Ray". National Governors Association. January 13, 1983. Retrieved February 27, 2023.
149. ^ Iowa General Assembly. Journal of the Senate. 1969 sess., 62, accessed August 20, 2023
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## External links

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Statewide political officials of Iowa

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* Chuck Grassley
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State government|

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