List of human spaceflights to Mir

Soyuz TM-24 and Progress M-32 docked to the fore and aft ports Mir, as seen from the departing Space Shuttle Atlantis in September 1996 during STS-79.

These paragraphs are an excerpt from Mir.[edit]

Mir (Russian: Мир, IPA: [ˈmʲir]; lit. 'peace' or 'world') was a space station operated in low Earth orbit from 1986 to 2001, first by the Soviet Union and later by the Russian Federation. Mir was the first modular space station and was assembled in orbit from 1986 to 1996\. It had a greater mass than any previous spacecraft. At the time it was the largest artificial satellite in orbit, succeeded by the International Space Station (ISS) after Mir's orbit decayed. The station served as a microgravity research laboratory in which crews conducted experiments in biology, human biology, physics, astronomy, meteorology, and spacecraft systems with a goal of developing technologies required for permanent occupation of space.

Following the success of the Salyut programme, Mir represented the next stage in the Soviet Union's space station programme. The first module of the station, known as the core module or base block, was launched in 1986 and followed by six further modules. Proton rockets were used to launch all of its components except for the docking module, which was installed by US Space Shuttle mission STS-74 in 1995. When complete, the station consisted of seven pressurised modules and several unpressurised components. Power was provided by several photovoltaic arrays attached directly to the modules. The station was maintained at an orbit between 296 km (184 mi) and 421 km (262 mi) altitude and travelled at an average speed of 27,700 km/h (17,200 mph), completing 15.7 orbits per day.[1][page needed][2][page needed][3]

Human spaceflights were vital to the operation of Mir, allowing crews and equipment to be carried to and from the space station. Mir was visited by a total of 39 crewed missions, comprising 30 Soyuz flights (1 Soyuz-T, 29 Soyuz-TM) and 9 Space Shuttle flights. These missions carried both long-duration crew members flying principal expeditions (ranging from 70 days up to Valeri Polyakov's 14-month stay beginning in January 1994, which still holds the record for the longest continuous spaceflight by a single person) and short-term visitors (who spent about a week aboard the station). Many of the crew who visited Mir used different spacecraft to launch than they did to land; the first such examples were Aleksandr Viktorenko and Muhammed Faris who flew up in Soyuz TM-3 (launched 22 July 1987) and landed a week later in Soyuz TM-2 on 30 July 1987. The largest crew aboard Mir simultaneously (not including Shuttle-Mir missions) was 6, which first occurred with the launch of Soyuz TM-7 on 26 November 1988 and lasted for just over three weeks.

In this list, uncrewed visiting spacecraft are excluded (see List of uncrewed spaceflights to Mir for details), and long-duration crew members are listed in bold. Times are given in Coordinated Universal Time (UTC). "Time docked" refers to the spacecraft and does not necessarily correspond to the crew.

Contents

1986 * 1987 * 1988 * 1989 * 1990 * 1991 * 1992 * 1993 * 1994 * 1995 * 1996 * 1997 * 1998 * 1999 * 2000
#  | Mission  | Launch date (UTC)  | Time docked  | Landing date (UTC)  | Launch crew  | Crew photo  | Crew patch  | Notes

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1\.  | Soyuz T-15 | 13 March 1986
12:33:09  | ~52 days
~20 days  | 16 July 1986
12:34:05  |  Leonid Kizim

Vladimir Solovyov

|  |  | Delivered the first crew, flying expedition EO-1, to Mir, then undocked, flew to and docked with Salyut 7 before returning to Mir. Remains the only spacecraft to have visited two space stations during one mission.[4][5]
2\.  | Soyuz TM-2 | 5 February 1987
21:38:16  | ~172 days  | 30 July 1987
01:04:12  |  Yuri Romanenko

Aleksandr Laveykin

|  |  | Delivered the second crew, flying expedition EO-2, to Mir.[4][5]
3\.  | Soyuz TM-3 | 22 July 1987
01:59:17  | ~158 days  | 29 December 1987
09:16:15  |  Aleksandr Aleksandrov

Aleksandr Viktorenko
Muhammed Faris

|  |  | Delivered a third crew member, Aleksandrov, for EO-2, as well as the first Mir Intercosmos mission, EP-1, to the station. The EP-1 crew members, Viktorenko and Faris, returned to Earth aboard Soyuz TM-2 after 8 days.[4][5]
4\.  | Soyuz TM-4 | 21 December 1987
11:18:03  | ~177 days  | 17 June 1988
10:12:32  |  Vladimir Titov

Musa Manarov
Anatoli Levchenko

|  |  | Delivered the third expedition crew, EO-3, to Mir, in addition to Anatoli Levchenko, who returned to Earth aboard Soyuz TM-3 with the returning EO-2 crewmembers after 8 days.[4][5]
5\.  | Soyuz TM-5 | 7 June 1988
14:03:13  | ~90 days  | 7 September 1988
00:49:38  |  Anatoly Solovyev

Viktor Savinykh
Aleksandr Aleksandrov

|  |  | Delivered the second Mir Intercosmos mission, EP-2, to the station. All three crew returned to Earth aboard Soyuz TM-4 after 10 days.[4][5]
6\.  | Soyuz TM-6 | 29 August 1988
04:23:11  | ~112 days  | 21 December 1988
09:57:00  |  Valeri Polyakov

Vladimir Lyakhov
Abdul Ahad Mohmand

|  |  | Delivered a third crew member, Polyakov, for EO-3, in addition to the third Mir Intercosmos crew, EP-3, who returned to Earth aboard Soyuz TM-5 after 9 days.[4][5]
7\.  | Soyuz TM-7 | 26 November 1988
15:49:34  | ~149 days  | 27 April 1989
02:57:58  |  Aleksandr Volkov

Sergei Krikalev
Jean-Loup Chrétien

|  |  | Delivered the EO-4 and Aragatz crews to Mir, with Chrétien returning to Earth aboard Soyuz TM-6 after 25 days.[4][5]
8\.  | Soyuz TM-8 | 5 September 1989
21:38:03  | ~165 days  | 19 February 1990
04:36:18  |  Aleksandr Viktorenko

Aleksandr Serebrov

|  |  | Delivered the EO-5 crew to Mir.[4][5]
9\.  | Soyuz TM-9 | 11 February 1990
06:16:00  | ~177 days  | 9 August 1990
07:33:57  |  Anatoly Solovyev

Aleksandr Balandin

|  |  | Delivered the EO-6 crew to Mir.[4][5]
10\.  | Soyuz TM-10 | 1 August 1990
09:32:21  | ~129 days  | 10 December 1990
06:08:12  |  Gennadi Manakov

Gennady Strekalov

|  |  | Delivered the EO-7 crew to Mir.[4][5]
11\.  | Soyuz TM-11 | 1 December 1990
08:13:32  | ~173 days  | 26 May 1991
10:04:13  |  Viktor Afanasyev

Musa Manarov
Toyohiro Akiyama

|  |  | Delivered the EO-8 crew to Mir, in addition to the Japanese Kosmoreporter mission. Akiyama, who became the first Japanese citizen to fly in space, returned to Earth aboard Soyuz TM-10 after 8 days.[4][5]
12\.  | Soyuz TM-12 | 18 May 1991
12:50:28  | ~142 days  | 10 October 1991
04:12:18  |  Anatoly Artsebarsky

/  Sergei Krikalev
Helen Sharman

|  |  | Delivered the EO-9 crew to Mir, in addition to the British Project Juno mission. Sharman, the first Briton to travel into space whilst not holding American citizenship, returned to Earth aboard Soyuz TM-11 after 8 days.[4][5]
13\.  | Soyuz TM-13 | 2 October 1991
05:59:38  | ~173 days  | 25 March 1992
08:51:22  |  /  Aleksandr Volkov

Toktar Aubakirov
Franz Viehböck

|  |  | The last crewed spaceflight ever launched by the Soviet Union, Soyuz TM-13 delivered a third crew member to Mir for EO-10, in addition to carrying the first Austrian to go into space as part of the Austromir '91 mission. Aubakirov and Viehböck returned to Earth aboard Soyuz TMA-12 after 8 days.[4][5]
14\.  | Soyuz TM-14 | 17 March 1992
10:54:30  | ~143 days  | 10 August 1992
01:05:02  |  Aleksandr Viktorenko

Aleksandr Kaleri
Klaus-Dietrich Flade

|  |  | The first crewed spaceflight to be launched by the Russian Federation, Soyuz TM-14 delivered the EO-11 crew to Mir, in addition to Flade, flying the German Mir '92 mission, who returned to Earth aboard Soyuz TM-13 after 8 days.[4][5]
15\.  | Soyuz TM-15 | 27 July 1992
06:08:42  | ~187 days  | 1 February 1993
03:49:57  |  Anatoly Solovyev

Sergei Avdeyev
Michel Tognini

|  |  | Delivered the EO-12 crew to Mir, in addition to the French Antarès mission. Tognini returned to Earth aboard Soyuz TM-14 after 14 days.[4][5]
16\.  | Soyuz TM-16 | 24 January 1993
05:58:05  | ~177 days  | 22 July 1993
06:41:50  |  Gennadi Manakov

Aleksandr Poleshchuk

|  |  | Delivered the EO-13 crew to Mir. Became the only Soyuz spacecraft to dock at Kristall's distal APAS-89 port in order to check the port in preparation for the Shuttle-Mir flights which followed.[4][5]
17\.  | Soyuz TM-17 | 1 July 1993
14:32:58  | ~195 days  | 14 January 1994
08:18:20  |  Vasili Tsibliyev

Aleksandr Serebrov
Jean-Pierre Haigneré

|  |  | Delivered the EO-14 crew to Mir, in addition to the French Altair mission. Haigneré returned to Earth aboard Soyuz TM-16 after 21 days.[4][5]
18\.  | Soyuz TM-18 | 8 January 1994
10:05:34  | ~180 days  | 9 July 1994
10:32:35  |  Viktor Afanasyev

Yury Usachev
Valeri Polyakov

|  |  | Delivered the EO-15 crew to Mir, with Polyakov remaining in space for over 437 days, the current world record for longest single spaceflight.[4][5]
19\.  | Soyuz TM-19 | 1 July 1994
12:24:50  | ~124 days  | 4 November 1994
11:18:26  |  Yuri Malenchenko

Talgat Musabayev

|  |  | Delivered the EO-16 crew to Mir.[4][5]
20\.  | Soyuz TM-20 | 3 October 1994
22:42:30  | ~166 days  | 22 March 1995
04:04:05  |  Aleksandr Viktorenko

Yelena Kondakova
Ulf Merbold

|  |  | Delivered the EO-17 crew to Mir, in addition to the German Euromir '94 mission. Merbold returned to Earth aboard Soyuz TM-19 after 32 days.[4][5]
21\.  | Soyuz TM-21 | 14 March 1995
06:11:34  | ~179 days  | 11 September 1995
06:52:40  |  Vladimir Dezhurov

Gennady Strekalov
Norman E. Thagard

|  |  | Delivered the EO-18 crew to Mir, including Thagard, flying the first US long-duration mission of the Shuttle-Mir programme. The entire crew returned to Earth aboard Space Shuttle Atlantis at the conclusion of STS-71.[4][5]
22\.  | STS-71
Atlantis | 27 June 1995  | 4 days, 22 hours  |  |  Robert L. Gibson

Charles J. Precourt
Ellen S. Baker
Bonnie J. Dunbar
Gregory J. Harbaugh
Anatoly Solovyev
Nikolai Budarin

|  |  | Delivered Mir EO-19 crew

Returned Mir EO-18 crew

23\.  | Soyuz TM-22 | 3 September 1995
09:00:23  | ~177 days  | 29 February 1996
10:42:08  |  Yuri Gidzenko

Sergei Avdeyev
Thomas Reiter

|  |  | Delivered the EO-20 crew to Mir, including the German Euromir '95 mission.[4][5]
24\.  | STS-74
Atlantis | 12 November 1995  | 3 days, 2 hours  |  |  Kenneth D. Cameron

James D. Halsell
Jerry L. Ross
William S. McArthur
Chris A. Hadfield

|  |  | Delivered Mir Docking Module & Solar Array Package
25\.  | Soyuz TM-23 | 21 February 1996
12:34:05  | ~192 days  | 2 September 1996
07:41:40  |  Yuri Onufrienko

Yury Usachev

|  |  | Delivered the EO-21 crew to Mir.[4][5]
26\.  | STS-76
Atlantis | 22 March 1996  | 4 days, 23 hours  |  |  Kevin P. Chilton

Richard A. Searfoss
Linda M. Godwin
Michael R. Clifford
Ronald M. Sega
Shannon W. Lucid

|  |  | Delivered Lucid for Mir EO-21 crew

Deployed MEEP
1 spacewalk

27\.  | Soyuz TM-24 | 17 August 1996
13:18:03  | ~195 days  | 2 March 1997
06:44:16  |  Valery Korzun

Aleksandr Kaleri
Claudie Haigneré

|  |  | Delivered the EO-21 crew to Mir. Haigneré returned to Earth aboard Soyuz TM-23 after 16 days.[4][5]
28\.  | STS-79
Atlantis | 16 September 1996 | 4 days, 22 hours  |  |  William F. Readdy

Terrence W. Wilcutt
Thomas D. Akers
Jerome Apt
Carl E. Walz
John E. Blaha

|  |  | Delivered Blaha for Mir EO-22 crew
29\.  | STS-81
Atlantis | 12 January 1997  | 4 days, 22 hours  |  |  Michael A. Baker

Brent W. Jett
John M. Grunsfeld
Marsha S. Ivins
Peter J.K. Wisoff
Jerry M. Linenger

|  |  | Delivered Linenger for Mir EO-22 crew
30\.  | Soyuz TM-25 | 10 February 1997
14:09:30  | ~183 days  | 14 August 1997
12:17:10  |  Vasili Tsibliyev

Aleksandr Lazutkin
Reinhold Ewald

|  |  | Delivered the EO-23 crew to Mir. Ewald returned to Earth aboard Soyuz TM-24 after 20 days.[4][5]
31\.  | STS-84
Atlantis | 15 May 1997  | 4 days, 23 hours  |  |  Charles J. Precourt

Eileen M. Collins
Carlos I. Noriega
Edward T. Lu
Jean-François Clervoy
Yelena Kondakova
Michael Foale

|  |  | Delivered Foale for Mir EO-23 crew
32\.  | Soyuz TM-26 | 5 August 1997
15:35:54  | ~196 days  | 19 February 1998
09:10:30  |  Anatoly Solovyev

Pavel Vinogradov

|  |  | Delivered the EO-24 crew to Mir.[4][5]
33\.  | STS-86
Atlantis | 27 September 1997  | 5 days, 22 hours  |  |  James D. Wetherbee

Michael J. Bloomfield
Scott E. Parazynski
Wendy B. Lawrence
Jean-Loup Chrétien
Vladimir Titov
David A. Wolf

|  |  | Delivered Wolf for Mir EO-24 crew

Retrieved MEEP
1 spacewalk

34\.  | STS-89
Endeavour | 22 January 1998  | 4 days, 21 hours  |  |  Terrence W. Wilcutt

Joe F. Edwards
Bonnie J. Dunbar
Michael P. Anderson
James F. Reilly
Salizhan Sharipov
Andrew S.W. Thomas

|  |  | Delivered Thomas for Mir EO-24 crew
35\.  | Soyuz TM-27 | 29 January 1998
16:33:42  | ~206 days  | 25 August 1998
05:24:44  |  Talgat Musabayev

Nikolai Budarin

|  |  | Delivered the EO-25 crew to Mir.
Léopold Eyharts |  | Eyharts returned to Earth aboard Soyuz TM-26 after 22 days.[4][5]
36\.  | STS-91
Discovery | 2 June 1998  | 3 days, 23 hours  |  |  Charles J. Precourt

Dominic L. Pudwill Gorie
Wendy B. Lawrence
Franklin R. Chang-Diaz
Janet L. Kavandi
Valery Ryumin

|  |  | Returned Thomas from Mir EO-25 crew
37\.  | Soyuz TM-28 | 13 August 1998
09:43:11  | ~196 days  | 28 February 1999
02:14:30  |  Gennady Padalka

Sergei Avdeyev
Yuri Baturin

|  |  | Delivered the EO-26 crew to Mir. Baturin returned to Earth aboard Soyuz TM-27 after 12 days.[4][5]
38\.  | Soyuz TM-29 | 20 February 1999
04:18:01  | ~186 days  | 28 August 1999
00:34:20  |  Viktor Afanasyev

Jean-Pierre Haigneré
Ivan Bella

|  |  | Delivered the EO-27 crew to Mir. Bella returned to Earth aboard Soyuz TM-28 after 8 days.[4][5]
39\.  | Soyuz TM-30 | 4 April 2000
05:01:29  | ~70 days  | 16 June 2000
00:44  |  Sergei Zalyotin

Aleksandr Kaleri

|  |  | Final human spaceflight to Mir. Delivered the last crew, flying EO-28.[4][5]

## See also

[edit]

* List of human spaceflights to the International Space Station
* List of Mir expeditions
* List of Mir spacewalks
* List of Mir visitors
* List of Progress flights
* List of uncrewed spaceflights to Mir
* Uncrewed spaceflights to the International Space Station

## References

[edit]

1. ^ Hall, R., ed. (2000). The History of Mir 1986–2000. British Interplanetary Society. ISBN 978-0-9506597-4-9.[page needed]
2. ^ Hall, R., ed. (2001). Mir: The Final Year. British Interplanetary Society. ISBN 978-0-9506597-5-6.[page needed]
3. ^ "Orbital period of a planet". CalcTool. Archived from the original on 12 November 2019. Retrieved 12 September 2010.
4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad David Harland (30 November 2004). The Story of Space Station Mir. New York: Springer-Verlag New York Inc. ISBN 978-0-387-23011-5.
5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad Rex Hall & David Shayler (2003). Soyuz: A Universal Spacecraft. Springer-Praxis. ISBN 978-1-85233-657-8.

* Mir from www.astronautix.com \- List of launches and EVA activity with links to detailed descriptions
* List of Mir expeditions from www.spacefacts.de

* v
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Human spaceflights to Mir

1986–1990|

* Soyuz T-15
* Soyuz TM-2
* Soyuz TM-3
* Soyuz TM-4
* Soyuz TM-5
* Soyuz TM-6
* Soyuz TM-7
* Soyuz TM-8
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* Soyuz TM-10
* Soyuz TM-11

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* Soyuz TM-16
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* Soyuz TM-19
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* STS-63
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* STS-71
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* STS-74

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* Soyuz TM-23
* STS-76
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* STS-79
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* STS-84
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