List of invasive species in Africa

Invasive species found in Africa include:

## Plants

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Giant salvinia covers the surface of a pond

* Acacia species (Australian wattles)[1]
* Argemone mexicana (Mexican poppy)
* Caesalpinia decapetala (Mauritius thorn)[1]
* Cereus jamacaru (Queen of the Night cactus)[1]
* Chromolaena odorata (Triffid weed)[1]
* Eichhornia crassipes[1] (Water hyacinth)[2]
* Eucalyptus spp. (Eucalyptus or gum trees)[1]
* Hakea spp.[1]
* Lantana camara[1]
* Melia azedarach (Persian lilac, chinaberry)[3]
* Myriophyllum aquaticum (Parrot's feather)[1]
* Opuntia spp. (Prickly pear)[1]
* Pereskia aculeata[1]
* Pinus spp. (Pine)[4]
* Prosopis spp. (Mesquite)[1]
* Ricinus communis (Castor oil plant)[5]
* Rubus spp. (Bramble)[6][7][8][9]
* Salvinia molesta (Kariba weed, giant salvinia)[1]
* Solanum mauritianum (Bugweed)[1]

## Tunicates

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* Ciona intestinalis (sea vase) [10]

## Annelids

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* Ficopomatus enigmaticus (Australian tubeworm)
* Boccardia proboscidea (shell worm) [1]

## Molluscs

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* Aplexa marmorata (marbled tadpole snail) [2]
* Bradybaena similaris (Asian trampsnail)[11]
* Cochlicella barbara (potbellied helicellid)[11]
* Cornu aspersum (garden snail)
* Deroceras invadens (tramp slug)
* Deroceras laeve (marsh slug)[11]
* Euglandina rosea (rosy wolfsnail) [3]
* Limax flavus (yellow slug)[11]
* Milax gagates (greenhouse slug)[11]
* Mytilus galloprovincialis (Mediterranean mussel)[12]
* Pinctada radiata (Gulf pearl oyster) [4]
* Pseudosuccinea columella (mimic lymnaea) [5]
* Semimytilus algosus (Pacific mussel) [6]
* Tarebia granifera (quilted melania) [7]
* Theba pisana (white garden snail)
* Zonitoides arboreus (quick gloss)[11]

## Crustaceans

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* Carcinus maenas (European shore crab)
* Cherax quadricarinatus (redclaw crayfish)
* Limnoria quadripunctata (gribble) [8]
* Percnon gibbesi (Sally Lightfoot crab)
* Procambarus clarkii (red swamp crawfish) [9]
* Procambarus virginalis (Marbled crayfish)[13]

## Arachnids

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* Phalangium opilio[citation needed]

## Insects

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* Aedes albopictus (Asian tiger mosquito) [10]
* Aleurodicus dispersus (spiralling whitefly)
* Aleurothrixus floccosus (woolly whitefly) [11]
* Aleurotrachelus atratus (palm-infesting whitefly) [12]
* Anopheles stephensi [13]
* Anoplolepis gracilipes (yellow crazy ant) [14]
* Aphis spiraecola (green citrus aphid) [15]
* Aulacaspis yasumatsui (cycad aulacaspis scale) [16]
* Bactrocera cucurbitae (melon fly)
* Bactrocera dorsalis (Oriental fruit fly) [17]
* Bactrocera invadens (Asian fruit fly)
* Bactrocera zonata (peach fruit fly) [18]
* Bemisia tabaci (silverleaf whitefly)
* Cactoblastis cactorum (cactus moth) [19]
* Ceratitis capitata (Mediterranean fruit fly) [20]
* Ceratitis rosa (Natal fruit fly) [21]
* Chionaspis pinifoliae (pine needle scale insect) [22]
* Cinara cupressi (cypress aphid) [23]
* Coptotermes formosanus (Formosan subterranean termite)
* Cosmopolites sordidus (banana root borer) [24]
* Cryptotermes brevis (West Indian drywood termite)
* Ctenarytaina eucalypti (blue gum psyllid) [25]
* Diuraphis noxia (Russian wheat aphid) [26]
* Eulachnus rileyi (pine needle aphid) [27]
* Euwallacea fornicatus (tea shot hole borer) [28]
* Frankliniella occidentalis  (western flower thrips) [29]
* Harmonia axyridis (Asian lady beetle) [30]
* Hylastes ater (black pine bark beetle)
* Hylurgus ligniperda (red-haired pine bark beetle) [31]
* Icerya purchasi (cottony cushion scale) [32]
* Linepithema humile (Argentine ant)
* Liriomyza trifolii (American serpentine leafminer)[33]
* Maconellicoccus hirsutus (hibiscus mealybug)
* Orthotomicus erosus (Mediterranean pine engraver) [34]
* Phenacoccus manihoti (cassava mealybug) [35]
* Phenacoccus solenopsis (cotton mealybug) [36]
* Pineus pini (pine woolly aphid) [37]
* Polistes dominula (European paper wasp [38]
* Prostephanus truncatus (larger grain borer)
* Pseudococcus calceolariae (Citrophilus mealybug) [39]
* Sirex noctilio (Sirex woodwasp)
* Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm)
* Technomyrmex albipes (white-footed ant)
* Thaumastocoris peregrinus (bronze bug) [40]
* Trialeurodes ricini (castor bean whitefly) [41]
* Trichomyrmex destructor (destructive trailing ant) [42]
* Vespula germanica (European wasp)
* Wasmannia auropunctata (electric ant)
* Xyleborinus saxesenii (fruit-tree pinhole borer) [43]
* Xyleborus perforans (island pinhole borer) [44]
* Xylosandrus compactus (black twig borer) [45]

## Fish

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* Ctenopharyngodon idella (grass carp) [46]
* Cyprinus carpio (common carp) [47][48]
* Gambusia affinis (western mosquitofish) [49]
* Gambusia holbrooki (eastern mosquitofish) [50]
* Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (silver carp) [51]
* Lates niloticus (Nile perch)
* Lepomis macrochirus (bluegill) [52]
* Micropterus dolomieu (smallmouth bass) [53]
* Micropterus floridanus (Florida bass) [54]
* Micropterus punctulatus (spotted bass) [55]
* Micropterus salmoides (largemouth bass) [56]
* Oreochromis niloticus (Nile tilapia) [57]
* Perca fluviatilis (European perch) [58]
* Pterygoplichthys disjunctivus (vermiculated sailfin catfish) [59]
* Salmo salar (Atlantic salmon) [60]
* Tinca tinca (tench) [61]

## Amphibians

[edit]

* Amietophrynus gutturalis (guttural toad) [62]

## Reptiles

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* Emys orbicularis (European pond turtle) [63]
* Gehyra mutilata (stump-tailed gecko) [64]
* Hemidactylus frenatus (common house gecko)[14]
* Lepidodactylus lugubris (mourning gecko) [65]
* Tarentola mauritanica (Moorish wall gecko) [66]
* Trachemys scripta ssp. elegans (red-eared slider)[14]

## Birds

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* Acridotheres tristis (common myna)
* Anas platyrhynchos (mallard)
* Columba livia (rock dove)
* Corvus splendens (house crow) [67]
* Fringilla coelebs (common chaffinch) [68]
* Passer domesticus (house sparrow)[citation needed]
* Psittacula krameri (rose-ringed parakeet) [69]
* Quelea quelea (red-billed quelea)
* Sturnus vulgaris (common starling) [70]
* Tyto alba (western barn owl) [71]

## Mammals

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* Ammotragus lervia (Barbary sheep) [72]
* Canis lupus (feral dog)
* Capra aegagrus (wild goat)
* Dama dama (fallow deer)
* Equus africanus (feral donkey)
* Felis silvestris (feral cat)
* Funambulus palmarum (three-striped palm squirrel)[citation needed]
* Hemitragus jemlahicus (Himalayan tahr)
* Herpestes javanicus (small Asian mongoose) [73]
* Macaca fascicularis (crab-eating macaque)
* Mus musculus (house mouse)
* Myocastor coypus (coypu) [74]
* Oryctolagus cuniculus (European rabbit)
* Ovis orientalis (mouflon) [75]
* Rattus norvegicus (brown rat)
* Rattus rattus (black rat)
* Suncus murinus (Asian house shrew) [76]
* Sus scrofa (wild boar)

## References

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1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Invasive plant species Archived 2008-12-20 at the Wayback Machine. Plant Protection Research Institute. South Africa Agricultural Research Council. Last updated 2008-05-29. Retrieved on 2008-11-28.
2. ^ Hussein, Walaa (September 7, 2016). "How this invasive flower is taking over the Nile". Al-Monitor. CAIRO.
3. ^ Element Stewardship Abstract for Melia azedarach. Nature Conservancy Wildland Invasive Species Program, 2000. Retrieved on 2008-12-01.
4. ^ Pinus patula in South Africa. Nyoka, B.I. Biosecurity in Forestry: A Case Study on the Status of Invasive Forest Tree Species in Southern Africa. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2003. Retrieved on 2008-11-28.
5. ^ Legislation on weeds and invasive plants in South Africa Archived 2011-09-28 at the Wayback Machine. Agricultural Research Council. Retrieved on 2009-04-09.
6. ^ Rubus discolor alien range. Global Invasive Species Database. Retrieved on 2009-04-09.
7. ^ Rubus moluccanus alien range. Global Invasive Species Database. Retrieved on 2009-04-09.
8. ^ Rubus niveus alien range. Global Invasive Species Database. Retrieved on 2009-04-09.
9. ^ Rubus rosifolius alien range. Global Invasive Species Database. Retrieved on 2009-04-09.
10. ^ Ciona intestinalis (tunicate). Global Invasive Species Database. ISSG.
11. ^ a b c d e f Herbert, David G (2010). The introduced terrestrial Mollusca of South Africa (PDF). Pretoria: South African National Biodiversity Institute. ISBN 978-1-919976-56-3.
12. ^ South Africa: Molluscs. Global Invasive Species Database. ISSG.
13. ^ Julia P. G. Jones; Jeanne R. Rasamy; Andrew Harvey; Alicia Toon; Birgit Oidtmann; Michele H. Randrianarison; Noromalala Raminosoa; Olga R. Ravoahangimalala (2008). "The perfect invader: a parthenogenic crayfish poses a new threat to Madagascar's freshwater biodiversity". Biological Invasions. 11 (6): 1475–1482. doi:10.1007/s10530-008-9334-y.
14. ^ a b South Africa: Reptiles. Global Invasive Species Database. ISSG.